diff --git a/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_full.json b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_full.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852c645 --- /dev/null +++ b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_full.json @@ -0,0 +1,57952 @@ +[ + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector in FCC silver?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.889 Å (correct FCC calculation)", + "2.048 Å (BCC calculation with Ag lattice parameter)", + "4.085 Å (direct use of Ag lattice constant)", + "1.444 Å (half of correct FCC value)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the plasticity and toughness of a metal with finer grains compare to the same metal with coarser grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Better plasticity but lower toughness due to increased grain boundary sliding", + "Worse plasticity but higher toughness due to dislocation pile-up effects", + "Better in both properties due to grain boundary strengthening mechanisms", + "No significant difference as grain size only affects hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the alloy phase and structural characteristics of CuZn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CuZn is a substitutional alloy with face-centered cubic structure and lattice parameter 0.361 nm", + "CuZn is an interstitial compound with a hexagonal close-packed structure and c/a=1.633", + "CuZn is an electron compound, c/a=3.12, with a body-centered cubic structure", + "CuZn is an intermetallic compound with CsCl-type structure and electron concentration 3/2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly compares the mechanical properties of upper bainite and lower bainite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lower bainite has lower toughness than upper bainite despite higher hardness, as its needle-like structure creates stress concentration points", + "Upper bainite shows greater hardness than lower bainite because its coarse cementite particles provide more effective barriers to dislocation motion", + "Both bainite forms have identical strength but lower bainite has better ductility due to its acicular ferrite morphology", + "Lower bainite exhibits higher hardness and strength than upper bainite, while maintaining superior toughness due to its finer carbide distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If diffusion occurs in a Cu-Al diffusion couple, in which direction will the interface marker move?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Toward the Al side due to faster Cu diffusion in Al", + "Toward the Cu side due to higher Al vacancy concentration", + "Remains stationary as diffusion rates are equal", + "Oscillates due to competing Kirkendall effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of ZnS is $4.1~\\mathrm{Mg}/\\mathrm{m}^{3}$. What is the distance between the centers of the two ions based on this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.234 nm", + "0.283 nm", + "0.197 nm", + "0.312 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In face-centered cubic metals, what types of dislocations are b1 = [101], b2 = (a/6)[1̄2̄1], b3 = (a/3)[1̄1̄1̄] respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three are partial dislocations with different Burgers vector magnitudes", + "b1: Shockley partial dislocation; b2: unit dislocation; b3: Frank partial dislocation", + "b1: unit dislocation; b2: Frank partial dislocation; b3: Shockley partial dislocation", + "b1: unit dislocation; b2: Shockley partial dislocation; b3: Frank partial dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the thermodynamic theory of diffusion, the condition for reverse diffusion to occur is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the activation energy for diffusion becomes temperature-dependent", + "the concentration gradient exceeds the critical value for uphill diffusion", + "the chemical potential gradient is positive while the concentration gradient is negative", + "the thermodynamic factor of the diffusion coefficient is less than 0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 4-in. cube of a liquid metal is allowed to solidify. A spherical shrinkage cavity with a diameter of 1.49 in. is observed in the solid casting. What is the percent volume change that occurs during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.7%", + "5.4%", + "1.35%", + "10.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the reversibility of the first type of temper embrittlement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The embrittlement can be reversed by rapid quenching from austenitizing temperature", + "The embrittlement is reversible through prolonged annealing at 600-650°C", + "The first type of temper embrittlement is irreversible temper embrittlement", + "Reversibility depends on the cooling rate through the 400-550°C range" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the strain energy of a 1cm long edge dislocation (r0=1nm, R=1cm, μ=5×10^10Pa, b=0.25nm, ν=1/3). The strain energy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.4×10^-9J", + "1.5×10^-10J", + "3.75×10^-12J", + "6×10^-11J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains why alloying elements improve the tempering stability of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements increase the activation energy required for carbide precipitation by altering the interfacial energy between matrix and precipitates", + "Alloying elements reduce the diffusion coefficient of carbon by increasing lattice distortion energy", + "Non-carbide forming elements delay martensite decomposition by stabilizing ε-carbide through solid solution effects", + "Strong carbide formers preferentially bind carbon atoms, reducing their mobility during tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the force of attraction between a K^{+} and an O^{2-} ion when their centers are separated by a distance of 1.5 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.05 × 10^{-10} N", + "1.02 × 10^{-10} N", + "4.10 × 10^{-10} N", + "8.20 × 10^{-10} N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly shows the trend in potential changes of clay after adsorbing the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a copper single crystal is stretched with the force axis in the [001] direction and a critical resolved shear stress of 0.64 MPa, what tensile stress is required to initiate slip in the crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.57 MPa", + "0.64 MPa", + "1.11 MPa", + "2.22 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An iron bar magnet having a coercivity of 7000 A/m is to be demagnetized. If the bar is inserted within a cylindrical wire coil 0.25m long and having 150 turns, what electric current is required to generate the necessary magnetic field?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "46.6A", + "23.3A", + "5.8A", + "11.7A" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Glass has the following general properties:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Orthotropic with temperature-dependent properties", + "Anisotropic with cubic symmetry", + "Isotropic", + "Transversely isotropic with optical axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How should the cooling rate in the clinkering zone be controlled for high-alumina formulations (P>1.38)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slow cooling to allow complete crystallization of all phases", + "Rapid cooling to prevent C3S reabsorption and maintain cement quality", + "Two-stage cooling with initial rapid cooling followed by slow equilibrium cooling", + "Controlled cooling rate matching the KT2 boundary transition kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the second stage involved in the formation of particles of a new phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion - the atomic transport process enabling phase transformation", + "Nucleation - the formation of stable clusters of the new phase", + "Coarsening - the competitive growth where larger particles grow at the expense of smaller ones", + "Growth - the increase in size of the new phase particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can it be said that there is actually only one diffusion law, not two?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the first law describes steady-state diffusion while the second law describes non-steady-state diffusion", + "Yes, because the second law is just a continuity equation derived from the first law's conservation principle", + "No, because the first law applies to metals while the second law applies to ceramics", + "Yes, because both laws can be unified under the general transport theorem for all materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Thermoplastics mainly have which type of molecular chains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "linear", + "cross-linked", + "branched", + "dendritic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A piece of corroded steel plate was found in a submerged ocean vessel. It was estimated that the original area of the plate was 10 in^{2} and that approximately 2.6kg had corroded away during the submersion. Assuming a corrosion penetration rate of 200 mpy for this alloy in seawater, estimate the time of submersion in years. The density of steel is 7.9g/cm^{3}. The time of submersion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20 yr", + "5 yr", + "10 yr", + "15 yr" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For refractory ceramic materials, which two characteristics are adversely affected by increasing porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal conductivity and fracture toughness", + "Load-bearing capacity and resistance to attack by corrosive materials", + "Elastic modulus and dielectric strength", + "Thermal shock resistance and creep resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between dye and pigment colorants?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dyes chemically bond to the substrate while pigments physically adhere to the surface", + "Dyes are organic compounds whereas pigments are always inorganic materials", + "Dyes dissolve within and become part of the polymer structure, while pigments remain as a separate phase", + "Pigments provide better color fastness than dyes in all application scenarios" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Montmorillonite belongs to which type of silicate structure.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Island silicate structure", + "Layered silicate structure", + "Chain silicate structure", + "Framework silicate structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is it often easy to form white iron on the surface layer and thin-walled areas of the same casting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Due to higher carbon diffusion rates in thin sections promoting cementite formation over graphite nucleation.", + "Because the undercooling degree is large and the cooling rate is fast at the surface layer and thin-walled areas, it is easy to obtain white iron.", + "Because surface oxidation creates nucleation sites that favor the metastable cementite phase.", + "As a result of thermal stress gradients inducing martensitic transformation in surface layers." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors affect the depth of the hardened layer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the quenching medium", + "The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the base material", + "The surface roughness and grain size of the pre-quenched workpiece", + "The hardenability coefficient (D_I) and critical cooling rate of the steel alloy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can improve the degree of grain refinement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying high-frequency ultrasonic vibration during solidification", + "Increasing the annealing temperature above the recrystallization point", + "Introducing dislocations through cold working followed by rapid quenching", + "Using a slower cooling rate to allow for more homogeneous nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting the recrystallization temperature of metals after cold deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "trace impurities and alloying elements, metal grain size, dislocation density, heating rate, cooling rate", + "degree of deformation, stacking fault energy, elastic modulus, heating time, heating rate", + "degree of deformation, trace impurities and alloying elements, metal grain size, heating time, heating rate", + "degree of deformation, trace impurities and alloying elements, metal grain size, heating time, ambient pressure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Adding 50mol% Na2O to SiO2, can this ratio form a glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the 3D SiO network remains intact despite network modifiers", + "No, because exceeding 30mol% modifier oxides always disrupts glass formation", + "Only if rapidly quenched, otherwise it will crystallize", + "Yes, but only if Al2O3 is also present to stabilize the structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the structural characteristics of layered silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[Si04] shares 2 O2-, forming chain structures with [Si306] complex anions (Si:O=3:9)", + "[Si04] shares 3 O2-, forming planar layers with [Si4010] complex anions (Si:O=4:10)", + "[Si04] shares 4 O2-, forming 3D frameworks with [SiO2] complex anions (Si:O=1:2)", + "[Si04] shares 1 O2-, forming isolated tetrahedra with [SiO4] complex anions (Si:O=1:4)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the equilibrium solidification of alloys, what is the maximum carbon content in austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.3%", + "2.11%", + "0.77%", + "6.67%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why cannot the lever rule be used to analyze the relative amounts of phases in a vertical section of a ternary equilibrium phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the lever rule requires constant temperature conditions, which are violated in vertical sections", + "Because vertical sections represent non-equilibrium conditions where phase fractions are undefined", + "Because the composition points of equilibrium phases cannot be determined on a vertical section", + "Because ternary systems require three-dimensional lever calculations that cannot be projected onto 2D sections" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 9SiCr?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9SiCr is a bearing steel with wc=1.0%, wSi=0.3%, wCr=1.5%, wMo=0.2%", + "9SiCr is a high-speed steel with wc=0.9%, wSi=1.2%, wCr=0.8%, wV=0.2%", + "9SiCr is a spring steel with wc=0.6%, wSi=1.8%, wCr=0.5%, wMn=0.7%", + "9SiCr is a low-alloy tool steel with wc=0.9%, ws=1%, Wc=1.1%, wMn=0.45%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary reason for the appearance of transition phases during the solid-state phase transformation of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To provide intermediate structures with lower activation energy barriers for diffusion", + "To accommodate lattice mismatch through elastic deformation without energy dissipation", + "To reduce surface energy and facilitate nucleation during phase transformation", + "To maintain constant volume conditions during crystallographic reorganization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 1.10 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "About 912°C (1674°F)", + "About 727°C (1340°F)", + "About 777°C (1430°F)", + "About 1148°C (2098°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The twinning plane of a face-centered cubic crystal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation motion is easiest along <110> directions in FCC crystals", + "The Schmid factor reaches its maximum value at 45° orientation", + "The critical resolved shear stress is independent of crystal orientation", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress is lowest for screw dislocations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The characteristic of reversible polymorphic transformation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation requires nucleation sites and proceeds via diffusion mechanism", + "The transformation occurs instantaneously at a single well-defined temperature", + "The high-temperature phase always has higher density than the low-temperature phase", + "The polymorphic transformation temperature is lower than the melting points of both crystal forms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By what mechanism do polymer materials conduct heat?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Phonon scattering through crystalline domains", + "Free electron movement similar to metals", + "Molecular conduction through polymer chains", + "Thermal radiation absorption by π-electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution is ferrite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Substitutional", + "Interstitial", + "Intermetallic", + "Eutectic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the impressed current technique used for galvanic protection?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An impressed current from an external dc power source provides excess electrons to the metallic structure to be protected", + "A sacrificial anode naturally generates sufficient current to polarize the protected structure cathodically", + "The technique utilizes alternating current to create an oscillating protective potential field", + "It works by matching the galvanic series potential of the structure with an external electrode" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the short-range structure (primary structure) of polymer chain include?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical structure and atomic arrangement only", + "Molecular weight distribution and polydispersity index", + "Crystallinity degree and spherulite size", + "Chemical structure, atomic arrangement, bonding sequence, branching, and cross-linking" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For mixed dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The motion direction is always parallel to the Burgers vector", + "The motion direction is determined by the screw component of the dislocation", + "The motion direction is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the applied stress", + "The motion direction follows the maximum resolved shear stress direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is traditionally referred to as 'ceramics'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inorganic polycrystalline solids processed from natural silicate minerals via sintering", + "Any non-metallic solid material with covalent-ionic bonding", + "High-temperature processed materials with >50% crystalline phase content", + "Brittle materials with Vickers hardness >5 GPa and melting point >1500°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of these alloying elements is expected to have unlimited solid solubility in copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr", + "Ni", + "Zn", + "Au" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a Network former?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "substances with single bond energy ≥335kJ/mol that can form glass independently", + "materials with coordination number ≤4 that can modify glass structure", + "elements with electronegativity >1.7 that require modifiers to form glass", + "compounds with bond angles <120° that stabilize glass networks" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of dislocations in the nucleation of the second phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations are preferential sites for the nucleation of the second phase", + "Dislocations inhibit second phase nucleation by creating strain fields", + "Dislocations act as diffusion barriers preventing solute segregation", + "Dislocations only affect nucleation kinetics but not thermodynamics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is dynamic recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation of deformed grains into equiaxed grains during post-deformation heat treatment", + "The process of grain refinement through repeated cold working and annealing cycles below the recrystallization temperature", + "The spontaneous formation of new grains during high-temperature deformation without prior dislocation accumulation", + "The phenomenon where deformation and recrystallization occur simultaneously above the recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the steady-state creep rate data for a nickel alloy at 538°C (811 K) in the table below, compute the stress at which the steady-state creep is 10^{-5}h^{-1} (also at 538°C).\n\n\\begin{tabular}{lc}\n\\hline \\dot{\\varepsilon}_{s}\\left(h^{-1}\\right) & \\sigma(M P(a) \\\\\n\\hline 10^{-7} & 22.0 \\\\\n10^{-6} & 36.1 \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "48.2 MPa", + "59.4 MPa", + "72.3 MPa", + "36.1 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between crystallization and solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallization involves long-range atomic diffusion while solid-state transformation occurs through local atomic rearrangement", + "Crystallization requires nucleation sites but solid-state transformations are homogeneous throughout the material", + "Crystallization is exothermic while solid-state phase transformations are always endothermic", + "Crystallization changes the chemical composition but solid-state transformations preserve it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a CaO–ZrO2 ceramic with w(CaO)=4%, calculate the relative amounts (in mol%) of monoclinic ZrO2 solid solution (Monoclinic ZrO2 SS) and cubic ZrO2 solid solution (Cubic ZrO2 SS) at room temperature, given the solubilities of monoclinic ZrO2 solid solution and cubic ZrO2 solid solution at room temperature are 2mol% CaO and 15mol% CaO, respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20% monoclinic ZrO2 SS and 80% cubic ZrO2 SS", + "46.2% monoclinic ZrO2 SS and 53.8% cubic ZrO2 SS", + "80% monoclinic ZrO2 SS and 20% cubic ZrO2 SS", + "53.8% monoclinic ZrO2 SS and 46.2% cubic ZrO2 SS" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical volume fraction φtr of Al2O3 short fiber reinforced composite, given the matrix tensile strength σm=186MPa, yield strength σy=76MPa, and fiber stress σf=2190MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.052", + "0.034", + "0.072", + "0.096" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose we introduce one carbon atom for every 100 iron atoms in an interstitial position in BCC iron, giving a lattice parameter of 0.2867 nm. For the Fe-C alloy, the density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.93 g/cm³", + "8.02 g/cm³", + "7.65 g/cm³", + "7.89 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main components of YT30 alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "WC, TiC, and Ni", + "WC, TiN, and Ni", + "TiC, TaC, and Co", + "WC, TiC, and Co" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the atomic radius change when the coordination number of the crystal structure decreases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic radius first expands then contracts through a phase transition", + "The atomic radius expands as interatomic forces weaken", + "No change occurs because atomic radius is an intrinsic property", + "The atomic radius contracts due to reduced electron shielding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Nickel has a face-centered cubic structure with an atomic radius of r_Ni=0.1246 nm. How many atoms are present in 1 mm^2 on the (100) plane of nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.1×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "1.2×10^14 atoms/mm^2", + "3.0×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "8.5×10^13 atoms/mm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that the slip system that can be activated in a face-centered cubic crystal is (111)[011], if the slip dislocation is a pure edge dislocation, what is the direction of its dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[211]", + "[111]", + "[011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect will grain boundaries have on the movement of dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries act as barriers to dislocation motion due to crystallographic misorientation", + "Grain boundaries accelerate dislocation movement by providing short-circuit diffusion paths", + "Grain boundaries have no effect on dislocations as they only influence vacancy diffusion", + "Grain boundaries can both hinder and facilitate dislocation motion depending on temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under conditions where cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+. How many Cu+ ions are required for the creation of each defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "One Cu+ ion per defect", + "Two Cu+ ions per defect", + "Three Cu+ ions per defect", + "One Cu+ and one oxygen vacancy per defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the graphite content in Fe-3.6%C alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.6%", + "2.94%", + "1.8%", + "4.2%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose elements A and B can form a simple cubic lattice solid solution with a lattice constant α=0.3nm. If the jump frequencies of A and B atoms are 10⁻¹⁰s⁻¹ and 10⁻⁹s⁻¹, respectively, and the concentration gradient is 10³² atoms/m⁴, what is the flux of B atoms across the marker interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-1.5×10³ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-1.5×10⁵ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-3.0×10³ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-3.0×10⁵ atoms/(m²·s)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following characteristics do high-elastic alloys have?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High σe/E ratio and excellent fatigue resistance", + "Low thermal expansion coefficient and high hardness", + "High elastic modulus and superior creep resistance", + "Low yield strength and high fracture toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two edge dislocations with opposite signs on the same slip plane have Burgers vectors of b. If they approach infinitely close, what is the total energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The total energy equals 2Gb² where G is the shear modulus", + "The total energy becomes zero due to annihilation", + "The total energy approaches infinity due to stress field superposition", + "The total energy equals the sum of individual dislocation line energies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly identifies and corrects the misconception in castings with uneven thickness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thicker sections are prone to gas porosity. Less carbon and less silicon must be added.", + "The thicker sections are prone to shrinkage porosity. More carbon and less silicon must be added.", + "The thinner sections are prone to hot tearing. Less carbon and more silicon must be added.", + "The thinner sections are prone to chill formation. More carbon and more silicon must be added." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. The critical resolved shear stress is known to be 0.1kgf/mm², and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215]. The final stable orientation of the crystal (assuming the test bar does not fracture before reaching the stable orientation) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[111]", + "[215]", + "[101]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single crystal diamond along <111> direction", + "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (parallel to basal planes)", + "Silver at 20°C", + "Bulk copper at cryogenic temperatures (20K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the advantages of forming metals by extrusion as opposed to rolling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pieces having more complicated cross-sectional geometries may be formed and seamless tubing may be produced", + "Higher production rates and better surface finish can be achieved with extrusion", + "Extrusion requires lower temperatures than rolling, reducing energy consumption", + "The mechanical properties of extruded materials are superior in all directions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the diffusion coefficients at 1223K (4.34×10⁻⁸m²/s) and 1136K (1.78×10⁻⁸m²/s), calculate the activation energy Q for interstitial atom diffusion in face-centered cubic metals.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2×10⁵J/mol", + "2.4×10⁵J/mol", + "8.3×10⁴J/mol", + "1.8×10⁵J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the die casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "For die casting, a permanent mold is used, casting rates are high, the molten metal is forced into the mold under pressure, a two-piece mold is used, and small pieces are normally cast.", + "Die casting employs a sacrificial mold, achieves moderate production rates, relies on gravity filling, uses a multi-part mold assembly, and is primarily for large structural components.", + "The process utilizes reusable ceramic molds, has variable production speeds, combines pressure and vacuum filling, employs a single-piece mold design, and specializes in medium-sized castings.", + "In die casting, temporary sand molds are standard, production rates are low, capillary action drives metal flow, segmented molds are required, and it's exclusively for micro-castings." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the types of small-angle grain boundaries classified according to their characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twist and tilt", + "Tilt and mixed", + "Twist, tilt, and mixed", + "Twist, tilt, and coincidence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fracture strength of glass may be increased by etching away a thin surface layer. It is believed that the etching may alter surface crack geometry (i.e., reduce crack length and increase the tip radius). What is the ratio of the original and etched crack tip radii for an eightfold increase in fracture strength if two-thirds of the crack length is removed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.0", + "21.3", + "12.7", + "16.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is any of the alloying elements expected to have unlimited solid solubility in copper? For copper: r_Cu=1.278 Å", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Zn (r=1.332 Å, φr=+4.2%)", + "Ag (r=1.445 Å, φr=+13.1%)", + "Ni (r=1.246 Å, φr=-2.5%)", + "Cr (r=1.249 Å, φr=-2.3%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Isotactic polystyrene that has a density of 1.12 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000 g/mol; syndiotactic polystyrene that has a density of 1.10 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 125,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Syndiotactic polystyrene due to its higher degree of crystallinity from regular side group arrangement", + "Isotactic polystyrene because of its higher density and molecular weight", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the glass transition temperatures", + "Both have identical melting points as they are chemically identical" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The metal magnesium atoms form a hexagonal close packing, and its density is measured to be 1.74 g/cm³. What is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.48×10⁻²² cm³", + "2.74×10⁻²² cm³", + "4.11×10⁻²² cm³", + "1.37×10⁻²² cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy for the diffusion of copper in silver is 193,000 J/mol. Given that the diffusion coefficient (D) at 1000 K is 1.0 × 10^{-14} m^2/s, calculate the diffusion coefficient at 1200 K:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.8 × 10^{-13} m^2/s", + "1.0 × 10^{-13} m^2/s", + "1.9 × 10^{-14} m^2/s", + "3.2 × 10^{-12} m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the differences between pearlite, bainite, and spheroidite relative to mechanical properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spheroidite exhibits superior toughness compared to bainite because its spherical carbides minimize stress concentration", + "Pearlite has higher ductility than bainite but lower hardness than spheroidite due to its lamellar structure", + "Bainite is harder and stronger than pearlite, which, in turn, is harder and stronger than spheroidite", + "Bainite and pearlite have similar yield strengths but bainite shows better creep resistance at high temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the oxidation resistance of NiO and W-doped NiO (i.e., NiO-WO3). Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pure NiO undergoes catastrophic oxidation while W-doped NiO remains stable", + "W-doped NiO forms a protective WO3 layer that enhances oxidation resistance", + "Both materials show identical oxidation resistance due to similar crystal structures", + "W-doped NiO (NiO-WO3) has reduced oxidation resistance compared to pure NiO" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can be used to identify silica gel experimentally?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the elastic modulus using nanoindentation", + "Observe the color change under UV light", + "Analyze the thermal conductivity with laser flash method", + "Determine the magnetic susceptibility with SQUID magnetometry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In cubic crystals, the (110) and (211) planes belong to the same () zone.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[111] zone axis", + "[100] zone axis", + "[110] zone axis", + "[112] zone axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the types and characteristics of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temper brittleness is classified into two types: low-temperature (irreversible) and high-temperature (reversible), with the former being cooling-rate independent and the latter occurring only in specific alloy compositions with cooling-rate dependence", + "All temper brittleness is reversible and can be eliminated by rapid cooling, with the distinction being only in the temperature range of occurrence (below 300°C vs above 500°C)", + "The primary classification is based on crystalline structure changes: body-centered cubic (BCC) steels exhibit type I brittleness while face-centered cubic (FCC) alloys show type II", + "Temper brittleness types are defined by chemical composition alone: carbon steels exhibit low-temperature brittleness while alloy steels exclusively show high-temperature brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between electronic and ionic conduction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electronic conduction involves electron hopping between localized states, while ionic conduction requires mobile vacancies", + "Electronic conduction occurs in metals, while ionic conduction is exclusive to liquid electrolytes", + "The charge carriers in electronic conduction are always electrons, whereas ionic conduction can involve either cations or anions", + "Electronic conduction shows temperature-independent resistivity, while ionic conduction always exhibits Arrhenius behavior" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The solubility of substitutional solid solutions is related to atomic size factor, (1), electron concentration factor, and (2). Which of the following correctly fills in (1) and (2)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) stacking fault energy; (2) phase diagram slope", + "(1) lattice parameter; (2) valence electron ratio", + "(1) electronegativity factor; (2) crystal structure factor", + "(1) thermal expansion coefficient; (2) Burgers vector" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What cooling rate v is required to avoid spinodal decomposition at 550K when cooling from 850K to 550K, given the required time t=173.6 s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.72 K/s", + "2.88 K/s", + "1.44 K/s", + "3.16 K/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for boron carbide (B4C) having 5 vol% porosity is 290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi). At what volume percent porosity will the modulus of elasticity be 235 GPa (34 x 10^6 psi)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.6 vol% (applying rule-of-mixtures inversely)", + "12.8 vol% (using linear extrapolation from 5% porosity)", + "17.3 vol% (assuming exponential decay model)", + "15.1 vol%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do the properties of elements change periodically with atomic number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the properties of elements are mainly determined by the number of outer valence electrons, and the number of valence electrons changes periodically with atomic number, thus reflecting the periodic changes in the properties of elements.", + "Because the atomic radius decreases monotonically with increasing atomic number, causing periodic changes in chemical reactivity.", + "Because the nuclear charge increases linearly with atomic number, creating periodic variations in electron shielding effects.", + "Because the electron configuration follows Hund's rule, which leads to periodic filling of electron orbitals." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How will the density of the non-stoichiometric compounds Fe1-xO and Zn1+xO change if the partial pressure of the surrounding oxygen atmosphere is increased?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both Fe1-xO and Zn1+xO will show decreased density due to increased cation vacancy concentration", + "Fe1-xO density decreases while Zn1+xO density increases, due to opposite defect formation mechanisms", + "Both compounds will show increased density due to enhanced oxygen incorporation", + "Fe1-xO density increases due to cation vacancies while Zn1+xO density decreases due to interstitial cations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role and mechanism of dispersion strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dispersion strengthening: mainly applied to metal matrices, by adding hard particles such as Al2O3, TiC, SiC, etc., with particle sizes around 0.01~0.1μm. These particles dispersed in the metal or alloy can effectively hinder the movement of dislocations, providing significant strengthening effects, but the matrix remains the primary load-bearing component.", + "Dispersion strengthening occurs when solute atoms distort the crystal lattice, creating stress fields that impede dislocation motion. This mechanism is most effective in substitutional solid solutions like Cu-Ni alloys.", + "The primary mechanism involves precipitation of second-phase particles during heat treatment, where coherent precipitates (e.g., θ' in Al-Cu alloys) provide maximum strengthening by creating strain fields that block dislocations.", + "This strengthening method relies on introducing nanoscale voids (0.1-1nm) in ceramic matrices, where the voids act as dislocation barriers while maintaining matrix continuity through covalent bonding." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the sintering process, the mass transfer method that only gradually increases the strength of the green body without causing shrinkage of the green body is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion dominates when particle size is below 100nm", + "Surface diffusion becomes negligible above 800°C for most ceramics", + "Volume diffusion activation energy is always higher than grain boundary diffusion", + "Dislocation pipe diffusion is the primary mechanism in fully dense materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are commonly used reinforcing fibers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Glass fiber with Young's modulus of 72 GPa", + "Polypropylene fiber with tensile strength of 400 MPa", + "Alumina fiber with fracture toughness of 4 MPa·m^1/2", + "Steel fiber with Poisson's ratio of 0.3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does the tendency of a polymer to crystallize decrease with increasing molecular weight?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increased molecular weight reduces the glass transition temperature, making crystallization thermodynamically unfavorable", + "Longer polymer chains have higher entanglement density which kinetically hinders chain alignment", + "Higher molecular weight polymers have stronger intermolecular forces that prevent ordered packing", + "The end-group concentration decreases with molecular weight, reducing nucleation sites for crystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of steel should be used to manufacture automobile fenders?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High carbon steel for superior dent resistance", + "Low carbon steel for better formability during stamping", + "Medium carbon steel to balance strength and ductility", + "Dual-phase steel for optimal crash energy absorption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], what is the Burgers vector of the unit dislocation causing the slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/2 [110]", + "a [110]", + "a/2 [111]", + "a/6 [112]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of hydrogen bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strength of hydrogen bonds is primarily determined by the atomic radius of the donor atom rather than electronegativity", + "Hydrogen bonds are non-directional covalent interactions with bond strengths comparable to ionic bonds (100-400 kJ/mol)", + "Hydrogen bonding occurs only in aqueous solutions and requires the presence of oxygen atoms", + "Hydrogen bonds exhibit directionality due to the alignment of atomic dipoles, with typical bond energies between 5-30 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relative content of each microstructural constituent in an alloy containing 0.40% C when it is cooled to room temperature under equilibrium conditions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w_P=72.4%; w_a=27.6%", + "w_P=49.5%; w_a=50.5%", + "w_P=50.5%; w_a=49.5%", + "w_P=27.6%; w_a=72.4%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the path of atomic diffusion, which of the following are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bulk diffusion and vacancy diffusion", + "Grain boundary diffusion and interstitial diffusion", + "Dislocation diffusion and surface diffusion", + "All of the above (A+B+C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes lattice parameters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The coefficients relating stress to strain in anisotropic materials", + "The constants used to calculate interatomic spacing in amorphous materials", + "The parameters defining the elastic deformation limits of crystalline materials", + "The fundamental parameters describing the geometric shape of a unit cell, including edge lengths and interaxial angles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute repeat unit molecular weight for polycarbonate:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "254.27 g/mol", + "228.29 g/mol", + "286.33 g/mol", + "198.22 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 10-h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.45 wt% at a point 2.5mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 5.0-mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20 h", + "40 h", + "10 h", + "80 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Relative to electrons and electron states, what does the n quantum number specify?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The orbital angular momentum of the electron", + "The principal energy level of the electron", + "The magnetic moment orientation of the electron", + "The spin state of the electron" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A large plate is fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 82.4 MPa √m (75.0 ksi √m). If the plate is exposed to a tensile stress of 345 MPa (50,000 psi) during service use, determine the minimum length of a surface crack that will lead to fracture. Assume a value of 1.0 for Y.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0364 m", + "0.0085 m", + "0.0182 m", + "0.0046 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\nσ_fs (MPa) | P \n-----------|----\n100 | 0.05 \n50 | 0.20 \n\nCompute the flexural strength for a 0.10 volume fraction porosity.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "85.2 MPa", + "71.6 MPa", + "79.4 MPa", + "63.8 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A tensile test is performed on a specimen of some metal alloy, and it is found that a true plastic strain of 0.12 is produced when a true stress of 280 MPa is applied. For this alloy, the value of the strain hardening exponent is 0.3. On the basis of these data, what true plastic strain would be expected for a total true plastic stress of 330 MPa?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.254", + "0.168", + "0.383", + "0.412" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to conditions of occurrence?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning requires lower stress levels than slip due to its cooperative atomic movement mechanism", + "Slip occurs preferentially in BCC metals while twinning dominates in FCC metals at room temperature", + "Twinning produces larger strain increments per deformation event compared to slip", + "Slip systems activation depends solely on the Schmid factor while twinning requires additional energy considerations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion can a screw dislocation undergo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip", + "Climb", + "Slip", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for barium sulfide (BaS)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pure ionic bonding", + "Predominantly ionic (but with some covalent character)", + "Metallic bonding with ionic contributions", + "Covalent bonding with ionic contributions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of critical undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum undercooling achievable before amorphous solid formation becomes thermodynamically favorable", + "The temperature difference between the melting point and the point where crystal growth rate becomes diffusion-limited", + "The minimum undercooling required for homogeneous nucleation to occur, where the largest embryo size equals the critical nucleus radius", + "The undercooling at which heterogeneous nucleation sites become completely activated" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Small-angle grain boundaries are composed of dislocations, among which symmetric tilt boundaries are composed of (14) dislocations, and twist boundaries are composed of (15) dislocations. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (14) and (15)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "edge; screw", + "screw; edge", + "mixed; edge", + "edge; mixed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A borosilicate glass used for sealing lamps has an annealing point of 544°C and a softening point of 780°C. What is the activation energy for viscous flow of this glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "544.00 kJ/mol", + "373.13 kJ/mol", + "780.00 kJ/mol", + "298.15 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Al-25% Si alloy. Is the alloy hypo eutectic or hyper eutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypo-eutectic, because 25% Si is below the eutectic composition in the Al-Si system", + "Hyper-eutectic, because 25% Si exceeds the eutectic composition of 12.6% Si", + "Neither, because 25% Si is exactly at the eutectic composition", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the magnitude of bond energy affect the properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials with lower bond energy exhibit higher thermal conductivity as phonon scattering is reduced", + "Higher bond energy leads to increased ductility due to enhanced atomic mobility", + "Bond energy magnitude has negligible effect on corrosion resistance as it's primarily a surface phenomenon", + "The relationship between bond energy and melting point follows an inverse square law dependence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the diffusion activation energy of polycrystals lower than that of single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of grain boundaries provides lower-energy pathways for atomic diffusion", + "Polycrystals have higher dislocation density which enhances diffusion kinetics", + "Single crystals exhibit stronger atomic bonding at all crystallographic orientations", + "The random orientation of grains in polycrystals reduces the overall energy barrier" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 12.8mm (0.505 in.) and gauge length of 50.80mm (2.000 in.) is pulled in tension until fracture occurs. The diameter at the point of fracture is 6.60mm (0.260 in.), and the fractured gauge length is 72.14mm (2.840 in.). The ductility in terms of percent elongation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "42%", + "35% (using diameter reduction instead of length change)", + "58% (incorrectly calculating based on final/original length ratio)", + "29% (using engineering strain formula without percentage conversion)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a binary system, the transformation that occurs at a certain temperature, L1 = L2 + α, is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "spinodal decomposition", + "eutectic transformation", + "peritectic transformation", + "monotectic transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component in the shape of a flat plate 27.3mm thick is to be fabricated from a metal alloy for which the yield strength and plane strain fracture toughness values are 535 MPa and 31.3 MPa·m^{-1 / 2}, respectively. For this particular geometry, the value of Y is 1.8. Assuming a design stress of 0.5 times the yield strength, the critical length of a surface flaw is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.7 mm", + "4.1 mm", + "1.2 mm", + "2.0 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the effect of component changes on the driving force of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding solute always decreases the driving force by stabilizing the parent phase through solid solution strengthening", + "The driving force is solely determined by the enthalpy difference between phases, independent of composition", + "The driving force increases linearly with solute concentration due to enhanced chemical potential gradients", + "The maximum driving force occurs at the eutectic composition where liquid and solid free energy curves intersect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the Phase boundary contact rule?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Phase boundary contact rule: The slope of phase boundaries must always be negative in binary systems", + "Phase boundary contact rule: The composition of coexisting phases must be equal at the phase boundary", + "Phase boundary contact rule: In a phase diagram, the difference in the number of phases between adjacent phase regions is 1", + "Phase boundary contact rule: The number of phases in adjacent regions must differ by exactly 2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Relative to electrons and electron states, what does the l quantum number specify?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The magnetic moment projection", + "The principal energy level", + "The electron spin orientation", + "The electron subshell (orbital shape)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is fibrous structure formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "After cold working, grains and defects elongate along deformation direction forming fiber-like morphology", + "During rapid solidification, directional dendrite growth creates aligned fibrous microstructure", + "High-temperature annealing causes recrystallization into columnar grain structures", + "Electrospinning polymer solutions produces nanoscale fiber assemblies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes non-stoichiometric structural defects?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The composition of certain compounds deviates from their stoichiometric ratio depending on the nature of the surrounding atmosphere and the magnitude of pressure. Such compounds are called non-stoichiometric compounds. The defects arising from the deviation in composition from the stoichiometric ratio are called non-stoichiometric structural defects.", + "Defects that occur when atoms are missing from their lattice sites, creating vacancies that disrupt the perfect stoichiometry of the crystal structure.", + "Structural imperfections caused by the random substitution of atoms in the crystal lattice, leading to a deviation from the ideal stoichiometric formula.", + "Defects resulting from the thermal vibration of atoms at high temperatures, causing temporary deviations from stoichiometric ratios that become permanent upon cooling." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using dislocation theory, what is the second reason for the work hardening of pure metal single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation reactions occur, forming immobile dislocations that hinder dislocation motion", + "Increased dislocation density reduces the mean free path of dislocations", + "Lattice distortion caused by solute atoms creates additional barriers", + "Cross-slip of screw dislocations becomes energetically unfavorable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At a 45-degree angle", + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "The Burgers vector magnitude determines the angle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of structure is cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A substitutional solid solution with FCC structure", + "An interstitial compound with orthorhombic structure", + "An intermetallic compound with BCC structure", + "An interstitial solid solution with HCP structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the significance of strain hardening in production?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Induces phase transformation from austenite to martensite in all alloy systems", + "Reduces grain boundary energy through dislocation accumulation at boundaries", + "Creates vacancies that enhance diffusion rates for subsequent annealing processes", + "Increases dislocation density which impedes further dislocation motion, thereby increasing yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a eutectic reaction of the Mg-Ni system, let C1 be the hypoeutectic alloy and C2 be the hypereutectic alloy. The mass fractions of the proeutectic phases in these two alloys are equal. The relationship between C1 and C2 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "C2=1.323C1+54.6", + "C2=54.6+1.323C1", + "C2=1.323C1-54.6", + "C2=54.6-1.323C1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution compound does Cu3Sn belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electron compound with specific electron concentration", + "Substitutional solid solution with random Sn distribution", + "Interstitial solid solution with Sn occupying octahedral sites", + "Ordered substitutional solid solution with superlattice formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 97 wt% Fe and 3 wt% Si?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "97.0 at% Fe and 3.0 at% Si", + "96.1 at% Fe and 3.9 at% Si", + "94.2 at% Fe and 5.8 at% Si", + "92.5 at% Fe and 7.5 at% Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The basis for classifying silicate crystals is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Si0₄ connection method", + "Cation type in the silicate structure", + "Degree of polymerization of SiO₄ tetrahedra", + "Presence of non-bridging oxygen atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the defect reaction equation for the formation of a vacancy-type solid solution when CaCl2 dissolves in NaCl?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaCl2 + NaNa → CaNa' + 2ClCl + VaNa'", + "CaCl2 + Va' → CaNa' + 2ClCl", + "CaCl2 → CaNa• + 2ClCl + Va•", + "CaCl2 → CaNa' + 2ClCl + Va'" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold deformation, the control of grain size after recrystallization is related to the degree of cold deformation, original grain size, (22), and impurities, etc. What is (22)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Peierls stress", + "Dislocation density", + "Stacking fault energy", + "Recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form an interstitial solid solution with copper? The criteria for interstitial solid solutions are: these elements have atomic radii that are significantly smaller than the atomic radius of Cu.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "N, B, and Be", + "H, O, and N", + "C, N, and B", + "C, H, and O" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the ambient partial pressure of oxygen gas likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because corneal oxygen permeability is pressure-independent above 1 atm", + "Yes, because increasing partial pressure directly increases the concentration gradient driving diffusion", + "Only if accompanied by proportional increase in nitrogen partial pressure to maintain tissue hydration", + "Yes, but only if the temperature is simultaneously reduced to maintain solubility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "BCC lithium has a lattice parameter of 3.5089 × 10^-8 cm and contains one vacancy per 200 unit cells. The number of vacancies per cubic centimeter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.628 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³", + "2.314 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³", + "5.785 × 10^19 vacancies/cm³", + "1.157 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 14mm diameter aluminum rod is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. What is the cold working rate that this aluminum rod will undergo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21%", + "23%", + "15%", + "18%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic condition for the formation of single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Maintaining a precisely controlled cooling rate just below the melting point to suppress heterogeneous nucleation", + "Ensuring the melt has extremely high purity (>99.9999%) to eliminate all potential nucleation sites", + "Applying a strong directional temperature gradient to allow only one nucleus to dominate growth", + "Using a seed crystal and carefully controlling solidification parameters to prevent new nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The number of vacancies in some hypothetical metal increases by a factor of 5 when the temperature is increased from 1040 K to 1150 K. Calculate the energy (in kj/mol) for vacancy formation assuming that the density of the metal remains the same over this temperature range. The energy for vacancy formation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "92 kJ/mol", + "115 kJ/mol", + "138 kJ/mol", + "76 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the parameters used to quantitatively describe crystal structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Burgers vector magnitude and direction", + "Miller indices (hkl)", + "Unit cell parameters (a, b, c, α, β, γ)", + "Elastic compliance tensor components" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A batch of carbon tool steel workpieces were found to have insufficient hardness after quenching. It is estimated that either surface decarburization occurred or the cooling rate during quenching was too low. How to quickly determine the cause of the problem?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perform Rockwell hardness test on multiple surface points", + "X-ray diffraction analysis", + "Measure electrical conductivity", + "Metallographic examination" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does W18Cr4V steel need to undergo three tempering cycles at 560°C after quenching?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To achieve a balance between hardness and toughness by controlling carbide precipitation", + "To fully eliminate retained austenite through multiple phase transformations", + "To prevent temper brittleness by maintaining the temperature below 400°C", + "To reduce the martensite content and increase ductility through recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the second criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Previous experience", + "Yield strength to ultimate strength ratio", + "Statistical analysis of material properties", + "Fracture toughness considerations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two previously undeformed specimens of the same metal are to be plastically deformed by reducing their cross-sectional areas. One has a circular cross section, and the other is rectangular; during deformation the circular cross section is to remain circular, and the rectangular is to remain as such. Their original and deformed dimensions are as follows:\n\n\\begin{tabular}{ccc}\n\\hline & Circular (diameter, \\mathbf{m m} ) & Rectangular (\\mathbf{m m}) \\\\\n\\hline Original dimensions & 15.2 & 125 × 175 \\\\\nDeformed dimensions & 11.4 & 75 × 200 \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\nWhich of these specimens will be the hardest after plastic deformation, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both will have equal hardness since they are the same material", + "The rectangular specimen because it experiences greater dimensional change in one direction", + "The circular specimen because it undergoes higher cold work (43.8%)", + "The rectangular specimen because its cross-sectional area reduction is larger (48.6%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol V_{Na}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sodium atom vacancy", + "Vanadium-doped sodium compound", + "Voltage across sodium electrolyte", + "Vibrational mode of sodium lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in continuity between the two metal plastic deformation mechanisms of slip and twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs through discrete atomic plane shifts while twinning involves continuous lattice rotation", + "Both mechanisms proceed continuously but at different strain rate sensitivities", + "Twinning can proceed continuously while slip requires discrete dislocation movements", + "Slip process can proceed continuously while twinning cannot proceed continuously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bond is present along the molecular chains of polymer materials, and what type of bond exists between the molecular chains, hence how is their elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent bonds along chains, hydrogen bonds between chains - intermediate elastic modulus", + "Covalent bonds along chains, van der Waals forces between chains - lowest elastic modulus", + "Metallic bonds along chains, ionic bonds between chains - highest elastic modulus", + "Ionic bonds along chains, covalent bonds between chains - variable elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the elastic modulus of ceramic materials, metal materials, and polymer materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ceramics > Metals > Polymers (all crystalline forms)", + "Metals > Ceramics > Polymers (all amorphous forms)", + "Metals > Ceramics ≈ Polymers (all at 500°C)", + "Ceramics ≈ Metals > Polymers (all single crystals)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Homogeneous nucleation occurs in a uniform medium, where the probability of nucleation is the same throughout the entire medium, independent of interfaces or defects.", + "Homogeneous nucleation is the formation of nuclei at preferential sites such as grain boundaries or dislocations due to lower energy barriers.", + "Homogeneous nucleation describes the process where nucleation rate is controlled by external factors like temperature gradients or mechanical stress.", + "Homogeneous nucleation refers to the simultaneous formation of multiple nuclei with identical crystallographic orientations in a material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to whether new phases are formed during diffusion, what are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fickian diffusion and non-Fickian diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion and vacancy diffusion", + "Single-phase diffusion and reactive diffusion", + "Thermal diffusion and chemical diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound FexO, Fe3+/Fe2+=0.1. What is the vacancy concentration in the non-stoichiometric compound FexO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.1%", + "4.8%", + "2.2%", + "9.1%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Mole, in the context of this book, is taken in units of gram-mole. On this basis, how many atoms are there in a pound-mole of a substance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.022 x 10^23 atoms/lb-mol", + "2.73 x 10^26 atoms/lb-mol", + "453.6 x 10^23 atoms/lb-mol", + "1.66 x 10^24 atoms/lb-mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists all the crystal planes included in the {110} plane family of the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110), (101), (011), (110), (101), (011)", + "(110), (101), (011)", + "(110), (101), (011), (100), (010), (001)", + "(110), (101), (011), (111), (111), (111)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the strength and hardness of a metal with finer grains compare to the same metal with coarser grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher due to increased grain boundary strengthening", + "Lower because finer grains reduce dislocation density", + "Equal since grain size does not affect bulk properties", + "Higher for strength but lower for hardness due to different deformation mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the <100> direction of copper (fcc, a=0.361nm), what is the linear density of atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.39×10^6 atoms/mm", + "2.77×10^6 atoms/mm", + "5.54×10^6 atoms/mm", + "3.92×10^6 atoms/mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a $\\mathtt{C u}{\\sim}30\\%\\mathtt{Z n}$ alloy is $250\\mathrm{kJ/mol}$, and it takes 1 hour for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $400^{\\circ}C$, calculate how many hours it will take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $390\\mathrm{\\textperthousand}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.510 hours", + "1.962 hours", + "2.450 hours", + "1.000 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes intermediate phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metastable phases formed at grain boundaries due to rapid cooling, exhibiting properties intermediate between the matrix and precipitates.", + "Transitional phases that temporarily exist during alloy solidification before reaching equilibrium composition.", + "Phases formed between components in an alloy, which have structures different from those of the pure components. Located in the intermediate region of the phase diagram.", + "Solid solutions where solute atoms occupy interstitial positions, creating intermediate mechanical properties." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Phase的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A chemically homogeneous portion of a system with variable microstructure", + "Any distinct state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in a material system", + "A region with uniform physical and chemical properties separated by distinct boundaries", + "A structural domain with identical crystal structure but varying composition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the ion Cu+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s1", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes active oxygen?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "oxygen radicals generated during polymer degradation", + "oxygen in silicate structures with partially unsaturated valence", + "oxygen atoms participating in covalent bonding with transition metals", + "oxygen vacancies in oxide ceramics acting as charge carriers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When two edge dislocations with the same sign meet on the same slip plane, they will:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Annihilate each other immediately upon contact", + "Attract to form a stable dislocation dipole", + "Repel due to elastic strain field interactions", + "Remain stationary due to equal Burgers vectors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main characteristics of martensitic transformation in steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isothermal transformation kinetics following Avrami equation", + "Carbon diffusion-dependent phase transformation", + "Diffusionless transformation with coherent shear mechanism", + "Complete transformation to 100% martensite at equilibrium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what kind of material would the temperature indicator be made?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shape memory alloys that exhibit reversible phase transformation", + "Bimetallic materials with differing thermal expansion coefficients", + "Piezoelectric ceramics generating voltage under temperature gradients", + "Thermochromic polymers changing optical properties with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are techniques utilized to strengthen concrete by reinforcement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reinforcement with high-modulus carbon fibers aligned parallel to tensile stresses", + "Incorporation of low-modulus polymeric fibers to increase ductility", + "Application of surface coatings to reduce water permeability", + "Addition of calcium carbonate nanoparticles to enhance compressive strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The first law of diffusion applies to steady-state diffusion, and its mathematical expression can be written as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "J=-Ddc/dx", + "J=Ddc/dx", + "J=-D(dc/dx)^2", + "J=-D(dc/dt)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a pearlite colony?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The boundary region between pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite in hypoeutectoid steels", + "A single continuous phase of cementite formed during rapid quenching of austenite", + "In lamellar pearlite, the region where ferrite and cementite are alternately arranged in layers with roughly the same orientation", + "An aggregation of spheroidized cementite particles in tempered steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the alloying principles of aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cu, Mg, Zn, Si, Mn are added primarily to form intermetallic compounds that enhance strength while maintaining ductility", + "Li is the most effective alloying element for increasing specific stiffness through solid solution strengthening", + "Sc and Zr are added to create nano-scale precipitates that stabilize the alloy at elevated temperatures", + "Fe and Ni are intentionally added to improve corrosion resistance through passive film formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical A-B alloy of composition 55 wt% B-45 wt% A at some temperature is found to consist of mass fractions of 0.5 for both α and β phases. If the composition of the β phase is 90 wt% B-10 wt% A, what is the composition of the α phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "30 wt% B-70 wt% A", + "20 wt% B-80 wt% A", + "10 wt% B-90 wt% A", + "40 wt% B-60 wt% A" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cold-formed components, which of the following should be performed promptly after forming to remove residual internal stress and prevent the components from deformation or cracking during use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment at 0.8Tm followed by quenching", + "Stress relief annealing at 0.3-0.5Tm for 1 hour", + "Recrystallization annealing at 0.6Tm with slow cooling", + "Normalizing at 0.9Tm with air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does melting point affect atomic diffusion within the same alloy system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the same homologous temperature (T/Tm), diffusion rates are identical regardless of melting point", + "Higher melting point alloys always exhibit faster diffusion due to stronger atomic bonds", + "Diffusion is slower in higher melting point alloys at the same absolute temperature", + "Melting point has no systematic relationship with diffusion rates in alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A mathematical model describing the relationship between shear stress and dislocation motion", + "The system of dislocations that enables plastic deformation in polycrystalline materials", + "The crystallographic plane with the highest atomic density where slip preferentially occurs", + "In a crystal, the combination of a slip plane and a slip direction on that plane is called a slip system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For MgO, Al2O3, and Cr2O3, the cation-anion radius ratios are 0.47, 0.36, and 0.40 respectively. Is the solid solubility in the MgO-Cr2O3 system expected to be limited or unlimited? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Unlimited solubility because both oxides have oxygen as the anion", + "Unlimited solubility because the radius ratio difference (14.89%) is below 15% threshold", + "Limited solubility due to significant charge difference between Mg2+ and Cr3+", + "Limited solubility due to different crystal structures despite radius ratio similarity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is called secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The abnormal growth of grains in a polycrystalline material after primary recrystallization is complete", + "The nucleation and growth of new strain-free grains to replace deformed grains during annealing", + "The repeated occurrence of primary recrystallization in severely deformed materials", + "The simultaneous recrystallization of multiple phases in a composite material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in the driving force for nucleation during recrystallization and solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both processes are driven by the same thermodynamic principles, with the only difference being the magnitude of the driving force", + "The driving force for nucleation during solidification is the chemical potential difference between the new and old phases, while the driving force for recrystallization is only the stored energy of deformation", + "Recrystallization is driven by surface energy reduction, while solidification is driven by chemical potential difference", + "Solidification is driven by the stored energy of deformation, while recrystallization is driven by chemical potential difference" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The form of polymer with the lowest expansion coefficient is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dendrimer with perfectly symmetrical branching", + "Amorphous elastomer with high chain mobility", + "Lightly crosslinked thermoset with 5% crosslink density", + "Highly crystalline thermoplastic with aligned molecular chains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Boron (B) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Germanium (Ge). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both donor and acceptor depending on the crystal orientation", + "Donor due to its small atomic radius allowing extra electron mobility", + "Neither, as B forms an isoelectronic trap in Ge", + "Acceptor due to having one less valence electron than Ge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the term 'Lattice distortion'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The uniform expansion or contraction of unit cell dimensions due to temperature changes", + "A permanent change in crystal structure due to applied stress beyond the elastic limit", + "In local regions, atoms deviate from their normal lattice equilibrium positions, causing lattice distortion", + "The complete breakdown of long-range atomic order in crystalline materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The equilibrium concentration of vacancies in metals follows the relationship $N_{\\mathrm{v}}=N\\mathrm{exp}\\left({-Q_{\\mathrm{v}}}/{}$ $R T)$ ). When a certain metal is heated to 1130K, the equilibrium concentration of vacancies is 5 times that at 1000K. Assuming the density of the metal remains unchanged between $1000\\sim1130\\mathrm{K}$ and the gas constant is 8.31J/( $\\mathbf{\\dot{mol}}\\cdot\\mathbf{K})$, the vacancy formation energy $Q_{\\mathbf{v}}$ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "116300 J/mol", + "92800 J/mol", + "145600 J/mol", + "77600 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The concentration of carbon in an iron-carbon alloy is 0.57 wt%. What is the concentration in kilograms of carbon per cubic meter of alloy, given the densities of iron and carbon are 7.87 and 2.25 g/cm³, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.7 kg/m³", + "11.8 kg/m³", + "22.4 kg/m³", + "8.9 kg/m³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If carburizing is performed for 10 hours at both 927°C and 870°C, what is the ratio of carburized layer thickness (δ927τ/δ870τ)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.24", + "1.73", + "1.41", + "0.71" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a spherical embryo with radius $r$ appears in an undercooled liquid, the resulting critical nucleus radius is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "$\\frac{2\\sigma T_{m}}{\\Delta H_{f} \\Delta T}$", + "$\\frac{-2\\sigma}{\\Delta G_{V}}$", + "$\\sqrt{\\frac{3\\sigma}{\\Delta G_{V}}}$", + "$\\frac{\\sigma}{2\\Delta G_{V}}$" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between the wear resistance principle of wear-resistant steel and that of quenched tool steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Wear-resistant steel relies on strain-induced martensitic transformation during service, while tool steel achieves wear resistance through pre-formed tempered martensite", + "Both steels utilize carbide precipitation hardening, but tool steel has finer carbides due to lower tempering temperatures", + "Wear-resistant steel forms a protective oxide layer during friction, while tool steel maintains wear resistance through retained austenite", + "The key difference lies in their elastic modulus - tool steel has higher stiffness which prevents abrasive particle penetration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Coincidence site lattice的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Coincidence site lattice is a non-periodic arrangement that occurs when two dissimilar lattices are superimposed at arbitrary angles, creating a quasicrystalline pattern.", + "Coincidence site lattice is formed when two identical lattices are superimposed without any rotation or translation, resulting in perfect atomic registry.", + "The coincidence site lattice represents the common periodic structure formed by the intersection of two identical lattices after one undergoes a specific rotation that creates a rational fraction of coinciding sites.", + "Consider two identical and coinciding lattices $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$. After rotating or translating $L_{2}$ relative to $L_{1}$, the lattices formed by the coinciding positions of the two lattices constitute a new periodic superlattice." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For two types of diffusion with activation energies of E1= 83.7 kJ/mol and E2=251 kJ/mol, how does the diffusion rate change when the temperature increases from 25°C to 600°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion rate decreases due to thermal expansion effects", + "The diffusion rate increases by 2.3×10^6 and 1.7×10^18 times, respectively", + "The diffusion rate increases by 4.6×10^9 and 9.5×10^28 times, respectively", + "Both diffusion rates increase by the same factor of 1.2×10^12 times" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference between mechanical and annealing twins?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mechanical twins form during plastic deformation in BCC metals, while annealing twins develop during recrystallization in FCC metals", + "Both types of twins result from shear deformation, but mechanical twins occur at lower temperatures than annealing twins", + "Annealing twins are always larger than mechanical twins due to their formation during high-temperature processing", + "Mechanical twins require specific crystallographic orientations, whereas annealing twins form randomly during grain growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in diffusion coefficients of carbon in α-Fe and γ-Fe due to their structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both structures have similar diffusion coefficients due to identical iron coordination numbers", + "The body-centered cubic structure has higher atomic packing density, restricting carbon diffusion", + "The face-centered cubic structure has more interstitial sites, leading to higher carbon solubility but lower mobility", + "The face-centered cubic structure has lower activation energy for carbon diffusion because of its higher symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes grain boundary segregation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The formation of secondary phases at grain boundaries due to local supersaturation of alloying elements", + "The diffusion of solute atoms from grain boundaries to the grain interior driven by chemical potential gradients", + "The enrichment phenomenon of solute atoms or impurity atoms at grain boundaries due to the difference in distortion energy between the grain interior and grain boundaries or the presence of vacancies", + "The preferential oxidation of grain boundaries due to their higher energy state compared to grain interiors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that the active slip system in a face-centered cubic crystal is (111)[011], what is the Burgers vector of the unit dislocation for the slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "${\\vec{b}}={\\frac{a}{2}}$ [101]", + "${\\vec{b}}={\\frac{a}{2}}$ [011]", + "${\\vec{b}}=a$ [011]", + "${\\vec{b}}={\\frac{a}{\\sqrt{2}}}$ [011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the Burgers vector b of α-Fe, given the lattice constant of α-Fe a=0.28nm:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.14nm", + "0.28nm", + "0.20nm", + "0.25nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, at what temperature does austenite first begin to transform on cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "880°C", + "727°C", + "912°C", + "1148°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the similarities between twinning and slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both produce permanent deformation through dislocation motion along close-packed directions", + "Both require thermal activation energy and occur preferentially at grain boundaries", + "Both involve shear deformation but twinning preserves crystal orientation while slip changes it", + "Both are reversible processes that maintain the original crystal structure after unloading" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the purpose of a spheroidizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To increase the hardness of steel by forming dispersed carbide particles", + "To produce a very soft and ductile steel alloy having a spheroiditic microstructure", + "To refine grain size through cyclic heating and cooling", + "To relieve internal stresses while maintaining the original microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the formation process of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spheroidized cementite dissolves before ferrite transforms to reduce overall system energy", + "Austenite forms through instantaneous polymorphic transformation without nucleation barriers", + "Carbon diffusion controls the growth rate while interface mobility determines nucleation sites", + "Nucleation occurs preferentially at prior pearlite colony boundaries due to lower interfacial energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Confirm that the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each iron atom, given that the saturation magnetization is 1.70 × 10^{6} A/m, iron has a BCC crystal structure, and the unit cell edge length is 0.2866 nm, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.22 bohr magnetons/atom", + "2.16 bohr magnetons/atom", + "1.91 bohr magnetons/atom", + "2.40 bohr magnetons/atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can aluminum alloys be strengthened through martensitic transformation like steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, due to insufficient stacking fault energy for twinning", + "Yes, by inducing phase transformation from FCC to BCT structure", + "No, because aluminum lacks the necessary interstitial sites for carbon diffusion", + "Yes, through rapid quenching to form supersaturated solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For most metals, the relationship between elastic and shear moduli is approximately which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "G = E/(2(1+ν)) where ν=0.5 (perfectly incompressible material)", + "G = E/3 (derived from cubic crystal symmetry assumption)", + "G ≈ 0.38E (typical for FCC metals with ν≈0.33)", + "G = E/2 (maximum theoretical value for ν=0)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To refine the grain size of a pure aluminum part, the cold deformation was increased to 80%, followed by annealing at 650°C for 1 hour, but coarse grains were still obtained. What is the most likely reason for this outcome?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The annealing time was too short for complete recrystallization", + "The cold deformation percentage was insufficient to induce recrystallization", + "Impurity drag effects prevented proper grain boundary migration", + "The annealing temperature exceeded the recrystallization temperature range for pure aluminum" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Potassium iodide (KI) exhibits predominantly ionic bonding. The K+ ion has an electron structure that is identical to which inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "neon", + "argon", + "krypton", + "xenon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An isothermally transformed eutectoid steel is found to have a yield strength of 410 MPa. What is the estimated interlamellar spacing in the pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.67 × 10^-5 cm", + "2.45 × 10^-6 m", + "3.14 × 10^-4 mm", + "8.90 × 10^-7 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists includes all the common phase structures in solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "single crystal, polycrystal, amorphous, and quasicrystal", + "solid solution (element), compound, ceramic crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and molecular phase", + "ionic, covalent, metallic, and molecular bonding types", + "BCC, FCC, HCP, and simple cubic crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the structural characteristics of framework silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[SiO4] shares 4 O2-, forming a skeleton [(AlxSi4)O], with the complex anion group being [SiO4]4, and the Si:O ratio is 1:4", + "[SiO4] shares 3 O2-, forming chains with Si:O ratio of 1:3, and may contain isolated [AlO6] octahedra", + "[SiO4] shares 2 O2-, forming sheet structures with Si:O ratio of 1:2.5, and contains hydroxyl groups", + "[SiO4] shares 1 O2-, forming isolated tetrahedra with Si:O ratio of 1:4, and requires charge-balancing cations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical A X type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 2.65g/cm³ and a unit cell of cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.43nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are 86.6 and 40.3g/mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which of the following crystal structures is possible for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rock salt (NaCl)", + "Cesium chloride (CsCl)", + "Zinc blende (ZnS)", + "Fluorite (CaF₂)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the allotropes of Mn has a cubic structure with a lattice constant a of 0.632 nm, an atomic radius r of 0.122 nm, and 20 atoms in the unit cell. What is its packing density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.466", + "0.532", + "0.398", + "0.689" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the critical resolved shear stress for crystal slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The yield strength of a single crystal along its slip direction", + "The maximum shear stress a crystal can withstand before fracture occurs", + "The stress at which dislocation multiplication becomes the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The minimum resolved shear stress required for alternate slip in the slip systems of a crystal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are non-stoichiometric compounds all n-type or p-type semiconductor materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because non-stoichiometry always creates free electrons regardless of defect type, making all materials n-type", + "Due to anion vacancies and interstitial cations leading to an excess of metal ions, forming n-type semiconductors; cation vacancies and interstitial anions leading to an excess of anions form p-type semiconductors", + "The charge neutrality condition forces all non-stoichiometric compounds to become either electron or hole conductors", + "Non-stoichiometric defects introduce mid-gap states that can act as either donors or acceptors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming carbon atoms are all located in the octahedral interstices of γ-Fe, what is the maximum proportion of octahedral interstices occupied by carbon atoms in γ-Fe? (The atomic weight of iron is 55.85, and the Avogadro constant is 0.602×10^24)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 carbon atom per unit cell", + "50 carbon atoms per 100 unit cells", + "40 carbon atoms per 100 unit cells", + "4 carbon atoms per unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do metal crystals always slide along the slip plane and slip direction during the slip process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the slip plane and direction have the highest elastic modulus, providing structural stability during deformation", + "Due to the minimum critical resolved shear stress required for dislocation motion along these crystallographic orientations", + "As a result of the maximum atomic packing density creating the shortest Burgers vector in these directions", + "Owing to the thermal vibration amplitude being minimized along these specific crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Bismuth has a hexagonal structure, with a0=0.4546 nm and c0=1.186 nm. The density is 9.808 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 208.98 g/mol. What is the volume of the unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.186 nm³", + "0.4546 nm³", + "0.21226 nm³", + "0.10613 nm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two poly(methyl methacrylate) materials are as follows:\n\nTensile Strength (MPa) | Number-Average Molecular Weight (g/mol)\n--------------------------------|--------------------------------\n50 | 30,000\n150 | 50,000\n\nEstimate the tensile strength at a number-average molecular weight of 40,000 g/mol:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "100 MPa (linear interpolation ignoring polymer physics)", + "112.5 MPa", + "125 MPa (assuming exponential relationship)", + "75 MPa (confusing with yield strength)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is aluminum alloy not a candidate for the cylindrical rod subjected to a tensile load of 29,000 N (6500 lb) with a maximum allowed elongation of 1.3mm (0.05 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Aluminum alloy's yield strength (275 MPa) is insufficient for the applied stress", + "Aluminum alloy's elongation (1.64mm) exceeds the allowed limit (1.3mm)", + "Aluminum alloy's Poisson's ratio (0.33) causes excessive lateral contraction", + "Aluminum alloy's thermal expansion coefficient (23×10⁻⁶/°C) makes it dimensionally unstable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the required volume of the cylindrical riser to prevent shrinkage in a 4 in. × 10 in. × 20 in. casting if the H / D of the riser is 1.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "v ≥ 349 in.^3", + "v ≥ 274 in.^3", + "v ≥ 412 in.^3", + "v ≥ 187 in.^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For zinc in copper, c0=wZn=0.0001, E=-0.12 eV, the critical temperature for solute segregation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "151 K", + "298 K", + "0.12 eV/kB", + "-0.12 eV/kB" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is the glass transition temperature of rubber band polymers above or below room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exactly at room temperature (Tg = 25°C)", + "Above room temperature (Tg ≈ 120°C)", + "Below room temperature (Tg ≈ -70°C)", + "Depends on crosslink density (Tg range -50°C to 150°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the radius difference between Ca2+ (0.1nm) and Mg2+ (0.072nm) ions, does CaO-MgO meet the size condition for forming a continuous solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both are rock-salt structures with similar lattice parameters", + "No, the size difference exceeds 15% (calculated as 28%)", + "Yes, the charge similarity compensates for size difference", + "No, because CaO has higher ionic character than MgO" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature, the equilibrium microstructure of hypoeutectoid steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "austenite and cementite", + "ferrite and pearlite", + "ferrite and cementite", + "pearlite and cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the ways to improve the strength of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "solid solution strengthening", + "increasing the elastic modulus", + "reducing the dislocation density", + "increasing the thermal conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the casting time of clay slurry when adsorbing the cations H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). What is the proeutectoid phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite", + "α-ferrite", + "Pearlite", + "Fe3C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By what mechanism do ceramic materials primarily conduct heat?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic diffusion", + "Free electron movement", + "Photon emission/absorption", + "Phonon lattice vibrations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the carburizing temperature for steel parts generally chosen to be in the γ phase region?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the γ phase has lower thermal conductivity, allowing better heat concentration at the surface", + "To avoid the formation of brittle cementite (Fe3C) which occurs predominantly in the α phase region", + "Because γ-Fe has higher carbon solubility and faster diffusion rates, enabling effective surface carbon enrichment", + "To take advantage of the paramagnetic properties of γ-Fe which enhance carbon absorption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the phase transition mechanism, what types can it be divided into?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "nucleation-type phase transition and spinodal decomposition", + "first-order phase transition and second-order phase transition", + "diffusion-type phase transition, non-diffusion-type phase transition, and semi-diffusion-type phase transition", + "thermodynamic phase transition and kinetic phase transition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In NaCl-type crystals, what type of voids are entirely filled by Na+ ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Octahedral", + "Tetrahedral", + "Cubic", + "Trigonal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the atomic packing factor for BCC?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.74", + "0.68", + "0.52", + "0.64" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the microstructural products of 4340 alloy steel specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10°C/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "martensite with retained austenite", + "only martensite forms", + "bainite and martensite", + "pearlite and martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the viscosity corresponding to the characteristic temperature Tg?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18×10^13 dPa·s", + "10^12 Pa·s (glass transition criterion for polymers)", + "1013 dPa·s (typical viscosity at melting point)", + "1.8×10^12 dPa·s (common misquoted value from early literature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is texture (or preferred orientation)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alignment of dislocations along specific slip planes during plastic deformation", + "The surface roughness of a material after mechanical polishing", + "The statistical distribution of crystallographic orientations in a polycrystalline material", + "The preferred growth direction of dendrites in solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors mainly affects hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The carbon content of martensite", + "The cooling rate during quenching", + "The dislocation density in austenite prior to transformation", + "The grain size of the parent austenite phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a homopolymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A polymer blend with uniform molecular weight distribution", + "A copolymer with identical repeating units along the backbone", + "A polymer formed by the polymerization of a single monomer", + "A dendritic polymer with homogeneous branching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does CaMg[Si2O6] belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single chain", + "Double chain", + "Sheet silicate", + "Framework silicate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that can undergo cross-slip must be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "edge dislocation", + "screw dislocation", + "mixed dislocation", + "all dislocation types can cross-slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for zinc?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization temperature (≈50°C)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "0.4 x melting temperature (≈120°C)", + "4°C (39°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher tensile modulus? Random styrene-butadiene copolymer with 5% of possible sites crosslinked; block styrene-butadiene copolymer with 10% of possible sites crosslinked", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The random copolymer due to its higher chain entanglement density", + "The block copolymer due to its higher crosslinking density and phase-separated morphology", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact styrene-butadiene ratio", + "Both would have similar moduli as crosslinking dominates over microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are small-angle grain boundaries not as effective in interfering with the slip process as are high-angle grain boundaries?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in small-angle boundaries is too low to effectively pin slip dislocations", + "The elastic strain fields in small-angle boundaries are insufficient to block dislocation motion", + "There is not enough crystallographic misalignment to significantly alter slip directions", + "Small-angle boundaries allow for continuous slip plane transmission across the boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an extended dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A dislocation core that has undergone significant lattice diffusion, creating an extended defect region", + "A dislocation that has propagated beyond the crystal boundaries, creating long-range lattice distortions", + "A dislocation pair where the Burgers vectors sum to zero, forming a stable dipole configuration", + "A dislocation configuration consisting of two partial dislocations and a stacking fault sandwiched between them, e.g., in FCC crystals: $\frac{a}{6}$ [121] $^+$ stacking fault $+{\frac{a}{6}}$ [211]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron and vanadium both have the BCC crystal structure and V forms a substitutional solid solution in Fe for concentrations up to approximately 20 wt% V at room temperature. What concentration in weight percent of V must be added to iron to yield a unit cell edge length of 0.289 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.5 wt%", + "15.2 wt%", + "18.7 wt%", + "12.9 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A secondary bond caused by instantaneous dipole interactions between neutral atoms", + "An electrostatic interaction between fully ionized atoms with opposite charges", + "A metallic bond where electrons are delocalized across the entire crystal lattice", + "A valence bond formed between adjacent atoms due to the sharing of electron pairs, characterized by saturation and directionality" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the transformation temperature between different series of quartz variants much higher than that between variants of the same series?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy barrier for displacive transformations is lower than for reconstructive transformations due to preserved bond connectivity", + "Different quartz series have incompatible crystal symmetries requiring complete lattice reorganization", + "Thermal expansion coefficients mismatch between series creates additional strain energy requirements", + "The presence of trace impurities selectively stabilizes certain polymorphic forms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the formation temperatures of bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensitic transformation occurs at the highest temperature (above A3), followed by bainitic transformation, with pearlitic transformation occurring at the lowest temperature", + "All three transformations occur below the eutectoid temperature, with pearlite forming first, followed by bainite, and martensite forming last", + "Pearlitic transformation occurs in the high-temperature region (below A1), bainitic transformation occurs in the medium-temperature region (below Bs), and martensitic transformation occurs in the low-temperature region (below Ms)", + "Bainitic and pearlitic transformations occur simultaneously in the same temperature range, while martensitic transformation occurs at much lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, how does adding a nucleating agent refine the grains of a casting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The nucleating agent increases the undercooling required for nucleation, leading to more simultaneous nucleation events", + "The agent provides additional surfaces for heterogeneous nucleation while reducing the critical nucleus radius, increasing nucleation density", + "It preferentially absorbs solute atoms at the solid-liquid interface, creating constitutional undercooling that fragments growing dendrites", + "The agent modifies the liquid structure to increase viscosity, slowing crystal growth and allowing more nucleation sites to activate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the changes that occur in the structure, mechanical properties, and physical properties of a solid solution compared to its pure solvent component?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Structural changes: vacancy concentration increase; Mechanical: reduced hardness but improved toughness; Physical: thermal conductivity enhancement", + "Structural changes: perfect lattice preservation; Mechanical: identical properties to pure solvent; Physical: unchanged conductivity", + "Structural changes: complete lattice reconstruction; Mechanical: dramatic decrease in yield strength; Physical: superconductivity emergence", + "Structural changes: lattice distortion and short-range ordering; Mechanical: increased hardness but decreased ductility; Physical: increased electrical resistivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 112 belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "IB", + "VIIB", + "VIII", + "IIB" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Is the alloy hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Eutectic (exactly at the eutectic composition)", + "Hypereutectic (Sn content above eutectic composition)", + "Hypoeutectic (Sn content below eutectic composition)", + "Peritectic (undergoes peritectic reaction instead)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the tempering temperature range required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temper at a temperature between 200°C and 400°C to avoid excessive softening", + "Temper at a temperature higher than 330°C, but less than 727°C", + "Temper at 727°C to achieve optimal hardness reduction while maintaining strength", + "Temper below 330°C to retain sufficient martensite hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines pearlite interlamellar spacing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The distance between the centers of two adjacent cementite plates in lamellar pearlite", + "The average grain size of pearlite colonies in a steel microstructure", + "The thickness of a single ferrite plate in pearlite", + "The minimum spacing required for pearlite nucleation during austenite decomposition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy formation energy (E_v) and interstitial atom formation energy (E_i) of Al are 0.76 eV and 3.0 eV, respectively. What is the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies to the equilibrium concentration of interstitial atoms in Al at room temperature (20℃)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.148×10^13", + "3.395×10^38", + "2.632×10^25", + "4.724×10^19" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does activation energy have on the sensitivity of diffusion rate to temperature changes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lower the activation energy, the greater the sensitivity of the diffusion rate to temperature", + "The higher the activation energy, the greater the sensitivity of the diffusion rate to temperature", + "Activation energy has no effect on the temperature sensitivity of diffusion rate", + "Only the pre-exponential factor determines the temperature sensitivity of diffusion rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 18 % cementite and 82 % ferrite at room temperature. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.20 % C", + "0.18 % C", + "0.82 % C", + "2.14 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers according to possible molecular structures. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers can form crosslinked structures, but thermosets have higher crosslink density", + "Thermoplastic polymers have linear and branched structures, while thermosetting polymers have network or crosslinked structures", + "Thermosetting polymers exhibit only linear structures prior to curing, then form branched structures", + "Thermoplastic polymers always maintain linear structures, while thermosets alternate between linear and network structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The jump frequency of carbon atoms in solid solution is Γ=1.7×10^28 s^-1 at 925℃ and Γ=2.1×10^9 s^-1 at 20℃. Using the interstitial diffusion calculation formula D=α²PΓ, what is the ratio of the diffusion coefficients D_925℃/D_20℃?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.1×10^17", + "1.7×10^28/2.1×10^9 = 8.1×10^18", + "ln(1.7×10^28/2.1×10^9) = 43.8", + "(1.7×10^28 - 2.1×10^9) = 1.7×10^28" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the casting properties of HT150 and annealed 20 steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has superior fluidity but lower hot tear resistance than annealed 20 steel", + "Annealed 20 steel exhibits better mold filling capability due to its lower carbon content", + "Both materials show similar casting characteristics after the annealing process", + "HT150 demonstrates better overall casting properties including shrinkage control" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Bravais lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A lattice that can be fully described by its primitive vectors without considering centering", + "A lattice defined solely by the symmetry operations that leave the crystal invariant", + "A lattice formed by the smallest repeating unit that captures all symmetry elements", + "A lattice that considers not only the shape of the unit cell but also the positions of the lattice points" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does constitutional supercooling have on the solidification structure of alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Induces equiaxed grain formation through homogeneous nucleation", + "Promotes planar front solidification by enhancing thermal gradient stability", + "Causes cellular/dendritic growth by creating local solute-rich zones ahead of the interface", + "Reduces microsegregation by accelerating diffusion at the solid-liquid interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is tempered martensite much harder and stronger?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high dislocation density in martensite is preserved during tempering, providing continuous strengthening", + "Tempering creates nanosized cementite precipitates that pin dislocations through Orowan strengthening", + "Carbon atoms remain in supersaturated solution after tempering, causing strong solid solution strengthening", + "The body-centered tetragonal structure transforms to a more densely packed face-centered cubic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the phase rule, what does the maximum number of equilibrium phases in a ternary system appear as on the phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Point", + "Line", + "Plane", + "Volume" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the minimum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 85 vol % titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a cobalt matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 69 W/m-K for TiC and Co, respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "29.7 W/m-K", + "32.4 W/m-K", + "24.1 W/m-K", + "69.0 W/m-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Parameters of short fiber composite: $\\varphi_{\\mathrm{f}}=0.4$, $d_{\\mathrm{t}}=25\\mu\\mathrm{m}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{{\\scriptscriptstyle M}}}=2500\\mathrm{MPa}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathfrak{m u}}=275~\\mathrm{MPa}$, and the interfacial shear strength between fiber and matrix is $200\\mathrm{MPa}$. Assuming the fiber stress varies linearly at both ends of the fiber, approximately estimate the strength of the randomly oriented short fiber composite when the fiber length is $1~\\mathrm{mm}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "475 MPa", + "825 MPa", + "1560 MPa", + "1087 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the term 'divorced eutectic'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When one phase in the eutectic grows attached to primary crystals while the other appears separately, causing loss of characteristic eutectic structure", + "A phenomenon where eutectic phases completely separate into distinct layers due to gravitational segregation", + "The decomposition of eutectic structure into amorphous phases during rapid solidification", + "When eutectic phases undergo spinodal decomposition resulting in periodic concentration fluctuations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold plastic deformation of metal, its plasticity and toughness:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Initially increase then decrease with further deformation", + "Increase as dislocations rearrange into lower-energy configurations", + "Remain unchanged as the crystal structure is preserved", + "Decrease due to dislocation entanglement and strain hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a nucleating agent have on the critical nucleus radius r* during melt crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nucleating agents eliminate the need for critical nucleus formation", + "Nucleating agents increase surface energy ?s, leading to larger r*", + "The critical radius r* remains unchanged as it depends only on undercooling ?T", + "Using a nucleating agent can reduce ?s, thus r* decreases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A factory used a cold-drawn steel wire rope to lift a large steel component into a heat treatment furnace. Due to a momentary oversight, the wire rope was not removed but was heated together with the component to $860~\\mathrm{{^\\circC}}$. When the holding time was reached and the furnace door was opened to lift out the component, the wire rope broke. What is the cause of the wire rope breaking?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high temperature caused oxidation-induced embrittlement of the steel wire surface", + "The heating process eliminated the cold work hardening effect through recrystallization", + "The thermal expansion mismatch between the wire rope and the component created excessive stress", + "The austenitization temperature altered the wire's crystal structure, reducing its yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Titanium (Ti) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. If the c/a ratio is 1.58, what are the values of c and a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a = 0.301 nm, c = 0.476 nm", + "a = 0.295 nm, c = 0.466 nm", + "a = 0.468 nm, c = 0.296 nm", + "a = 0.296 nm, c = 0.468 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Pure iron transforms from bcc structure to fcc structure at 17°C, with a volume reduction of 1.06%. What is the relative change in atomic radius?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-3.18%", + "-1.06%", + "-0.53%", + "-2.47%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a symmetric tilt boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formed by a series of edge dislocations with parallel Burgers vectors and the same sign arranged vertically, creating symmetric misorientation", + "Composed of screw dislocations with antiparallel Burgers vectors forming a mirror plane between grains", + "A high-angle grain boundary with special orientation relationship like Σ3 twin boundary", + "An interface formed by alternating edge and screw dislocations creating asymmetric tilt" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In MgO, the unit cell parameter a=0.420 nm, and the anions and cations are in contact with each other. The radius of O2- is known to be 0.097 nm. Calculate the radius of Mg2+.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.084 nm", + "0.097 nm", + "0.210 nm", + "0.113 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an FCC unit cell, what are the interstitial positions and their number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Octahedral sites at cell center and edge centers (4 total)", + "Tetrahedral sites formed by face centers (8 total)", + "Octahedral sites at face centers (6 total)", + "Tetrahedral sites formed by corner atoms (12 total)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy for self-diffusion in copper is 49,300 cal / mol. A copper specimen creeps at 0.002 N / in·h when a stress of 15,000 psi is applied at 600°C. If the creep rate of copper is dependent on self-diffusion, determine the creep rate if the temperature is 800°C.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.002 N/in·h", + "0.04 N/in·h", + "0.4 N/in·h", + "0.004 N/in·h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the planar density of the (110) plane in a face-centered cubic crystal, given the atomic radius r=(√2/4)a. The planar density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.56", + "0.74", + "0.42", + "0.64" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose the microstructure of a certain alloy consists of spherical second-phase particles and a matrix. If the actual diameters of the second-phase particles are all equal, how should the particle size be determined under a metallographic microscope?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Use the smallest visible particle diameter as reference", + "Calculate the average diameter of all visible particles", + "Measure the diameter where the particle intersects the focal plane", + "Measure the diameter of the largest particle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the ion exchange capacity of clay after adsorbing the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended heat treatment process for Cr12MoV steel used in cold work molds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching at 850～900°C and tempering at 400-450°C", + "Quenching at 980～1030°C and tempering at 200-270°C", + "Quenching at 1050～1100°C and tempering at 150-200°C", + "Quenching at 750～800°C and tempering at 500-550°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes precipitation (secondary crystallization)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The separation of another solid phase from a solid solution", + "The formation of a new crystalline structure during primary solidification", + "The diffusion-controlled process of solute atoms to grain boundaries", + "The spontaneous nucleation of metastable phases below the eutectic temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fraction of bonding of MgO that is ionic is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.923", + "0.842", + "0.612", + "0.734" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about ceramic materials and 'work hardening' is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening in ceramics occurs only at extremely high temperatures (>0.8Tm) where limited plastic deformation becomes possible.", + "Ceramic materials can exhibit work hardening similar to metals, as both materials experience dislocation movement during deformation.", + "Ceramic materials will not exhibit 'work hardening' after deformation, because ceramic materials cannot undergo plastic deformation.", + "Ceramics show work hardening through a different mechanism involving crack deflection and grain boundary sliding rather than dislocation motion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in phase transformation resistance between the solid-state phase transformation of metals and the crystallization process of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid-state transformations involve additional grain boundary diffusion resistance", + "Crystallization requires overcoming surface energy while solid-state transformations do not", + "Both processes have identical activation energies when normalized by volume", + "The presence of dislocation density affects only solid-state transformations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cannot be determined (depends on impurity concentration in each sample)", + "Fused silica (amorphous structure allows more efficient phonon transport)", + "Both have identical thermal conductivity (same chemical composition dominates)", + "Polycrystalline silica (thermal conductivity increases with grain boundary scattering)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, pure bending of the (010) plane around the [001] axis will form what type of dislocation (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[010], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[100], Burgers vector=a[010]", + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[100]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[010]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials is impervious to light transmission?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline alumina with 99.9% purity", + "Amorphous silica glass (fused quartz)", + "Single-crystal silicon with (111) orientation", + "Sintered zirconia with 5% yttria stabilization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Increasing the alumina (Al₂O₃) content of fireclays results in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Improved electrical conductivity through increased electron mobility", + "Decreased thermal shock resistance from higher thermal expansion mismatch", + "Enhanced creep resistance due to reduced grain boundary sliding", + "Reduced oxidation resistance due to faster oxygen diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a Network former?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An additive that modifies network connectivity without forming covalent bonds", + "Any oxide compound capable of forming a continuous 3D network in molten state", + "A material with coordination number ≥4 that lowers glass transition temperature", + "A substance with single bond energy ≥335kJ/mol that can form glass alone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "350°C (662°F)", + "425°C (797°F)", + "720°C (1328°F)", + "586°C (1087°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the atomic radius of aluminum is 0.143nm, what is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.31 × 10^{-29} m^{3}", + "1.17 × 10^{-28} m^{3}", + "4.07 × 10^{-29} m^{3}", + "6.62 × 10^{-29} m^{3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the hardness and microstructure in an eutectoid steel that has been heated to 700°C, quenched to 650°C and held for 500s, and finally quenched to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HRC =65 and the microstructure is fully martensitic", + "HRC =45 and the microstructure is bainite with some martensite", + "HRC =25 and the microstructure is all pearlite", + "HRC =15 and the microstructure is spheroidized cementite in ferrite matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 275 MPa (40,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 115 GPa (16.7 x 10^6 psi). If the original specimen length is 115mm (4.5 in.), what is the maximum length to which it may be stretched without causing plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "115.75 mm (4.56 in)", + "115.55 mm (4.55 in)", + "115.00 mm (4.53 in)", + "115.28 mm (4.51 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 200-300°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation of cementite needles", + "Formation of pearlite colonies", + "Complete recrystallization of martensite", + "Transformation of retained austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that the stacking fault energy of a certain stainless steel is very low, γ=0.013 J/m². It is cold-pressed with a reduction of 8%, followed by recrystallization annealing. Which of the following describes its recrystallization nucleation mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Subgrain coalescence mechanism driven by high stacking fault energy", + "Bow-out nucleation mechanism due to dislocation density gradient at grain boundaries", + "Twin boundary migration nucleation due to extremely low stacking fault energy", + "Particle-stimulated nucleation from second-phase precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The spontaneous decomposition of intermetallic compounds at room temperature", + "The gradual loss of ductility in metals due to dislocation accumulation", + "The time-dependent decrease in yield strength caused by vacancy diffusion", + "The precipitation process of a supersaturated solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the effect of cold plastic deformation on the microstructure of alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of dislocation cells and elongated grains along deformation direction", + "Complete recrystallization with equiaxed grain formation", + "Significant grain growth due to deformation-induced heating", + "Formation of coherent twin boundaries throughout the microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the cubic system, the relationship between the crystal plane (hkl) and the crystal direction [hkl] is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The [hkl] direction lies within the (hkl) plane", + "[hkl] is perpendicular to (hkl)", + "The angle between [hkl] and (hkl) depends on the lattice parameter", + "No general relationship exists in cubic systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are examples of forming continuous substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al2O3-Cr2O3", + "Fe-C (steel system)", + "PbTiO3-PbZrO3", + "Cu-Zn (brass system)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymers, the property of polymers to change conformations is called what?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "conformational entropy", + "viscoelasticity", + "flexibility", + "tacticity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'electron concentration'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The density of free electrons in a unit cell of a metal", + "The total number of electrons in the conduction band of a semiconductor", + "The average number of valence electrons per atom in an alloy", + "The ratio of electron mobility to hole mobility in a doped material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the root mean square displacement of the total migration of carbon atoms $\\sqrt{\\overline{R_{n}^{2}}}$, given the jump frequency of carbon atoms as $\\Gamma=1.7\\times10^{9}/\\mathrm{s}$, the jump distance as $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and the time as $4\\mathrm{h}$. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "13 μm", + "0.13 mm", + "1.3 mm", + "130 μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The essence of a crystal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Particles are arranged in a periodic repetition in three-dimensional space", + "Atoms are packed in the most dense configuration possible", + "Electrons are delocalized in a continuous energy band", + "Unit cells exhibit perfect translational symmetry at all temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the microstructure type, obtaining conditions, characteristics, and mechanical properties of steel after high-temperature tempering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-temperature tempering Tempered sorbite 500-650℃ Good combination of strength and toughness", + "High-temperature tempering Tempered martensite 300-500℃ High hardness with reduced brittleness", + "High-temperature tempering Pearlite 650-700℃ Excellent ductility with moderate strength", + "High-temperature tempering Bainite 400-550℃ Superior toughness with retained hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the change in the melting point of tin when the pressure increases to $500\\times10^{5}\\mathbf{Pa}$. It is known that at $\\mathfrak{10}^{5}\\mathbf{Pa}$, the melting point of tin is $505~\\mathrm{K}$, the heat of fusion is $7196\\mathrm{J/mol}$, the molar mass is $118.8\\times10^{-3}~\\mathrm{kg/mol}$, the density of solid tin is $\\small7.30\\times10^{3}~\\mathrm{kg/m^{3}}$, and the volume change during melting is $+2.7\\%$. The change in melting point is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.08 K", + "0.77 K", + "1.54 K", + "-1.54 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When using X-ray detection, how does the diffraction of polycrystalline texture appear?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Complete disappearance of diffraction patterns due to texture averaging", + "Perfectly continuous Debye-Scherrer rings with uniform intensity", + "Discontinuous diffraction rings that may evolve into spot-like patterns", + "Multiple superimposed single-crystal spot patterns with random orientations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the lattice constant of the alloy solid solution changes linearly with the increase of Zn atoms, and given the atomic radii of Cu and Zn are r_Cu=0.128nm and r_Zn=0.133nm respectively, what is the average atomic radius r of the alloy with x_Zn=3%?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1285 nm", + "0.1282 nm", + "0.1330 nm", + "0.1305 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the tensile strength of HT150 and annealed 20 steel:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has higher tensile strength due to its higher carbon content", + "Annealed 20 steel shows superior tensile strength because of its refined grain structure", + "Both materials exhibit similar tensile strength after heat treatment", + "HT150 demonstrates better tensile strength owing to its cast iron microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary system phase diagram, if there are n boundary lines, then the number of connecting lines that can be drawn in this phase diagram is .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of connecting lines equals the number of phase regions minus one", + "The number of connecting lines is always equal to the number of boundary lines (n)", + "The number of connecting lines is determined by the Gibbs phase rule (F=C-P+2)", + "The number of connecting lines equals twice the number of invariant points" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the alloying principle of stainless steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using alloying elements that lower the melting point to facilitate easier processing while maintaining strength through rapid solidification", + "Introducing alloying elements that preferentially oxidize to create a porous oxide layer that sacrificially protects the underlying steel", + "Incorporating alloying elements that increase the hardness through precipitation hardening while maintaining ductility via grain boundary engineering", + "Adding alloying elements to form a stable, dense, and strong protective film on the surface of the steel, obtaining a single-phase structure in the steel, and increasing the electrode potential of the solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes hardenability and hardening capacity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hardenability refers to the maximum hardness achievable after quenching, while hardening capacity measures the depth of martensite formation during quenching", + "Hardenability is determined by the critical cooling rate and reflected in the depth of martensite formation, while hardening capacity depends on carbon content and determines maximum achievable hardness", + "Both hardenability and hardening capacity are primarily determined by the carbon content of the steel", + "Hardenability depends on the alloy's thermal conductivity, while hardening capacity is controlled by the quenching medium's cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the most prominent weakness of ledeburitic steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Poor corrosion resistance caused by chromium depletion at grain boundaries", + "Low fatigue resistance due to reduced dislocation mobility in the ferrite matrix", + "The weakness is the coarse carbides, uneven distribution, and high brittleness", + "Excessive work hardening during forming operations leading to cracking" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the growth speed from slow to fast, the correct order of crystal growth methods is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Vertical growth; Crystal defect growth", + "Crystal defect growth; Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Vertical growth", + "Vertical growth; Crystal defect growth; Two-dimensional nucleation growth", + "Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Crystal defect growth; Vertical growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the relative amounts of pearlite, secondary cementite, and ledeburite in the microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of w_c=0.04 after metastable cooling to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 50%, Secondary cementite: 30%, Ledeburite: 20%", + "Pearlite: 86.3%, Secondary cementite: 10.6%, Ledeburite: 3.10%", + "Pearlite: 3.10%, Secondary cementite: 86.3%, Ledeburite: 10.6%", + "Pearlite: 10.6%, Secondary cementite: 3.10%, Ledeburite: 86.3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the principal difference between congruent and incongruent phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Congruent transformations preserve crystal symmetry while incongruent alter it", + "Congruent transformations occur isothermally while incongruent require temperature gradients", + "Congruent transformations maintain phase composition while incongruent involve composition changes", + "Congruent transformations are reversible while incongruent are irreversible" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do commercial oxides such as windows and beverage glass require the addition of Na2O to SiO2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2O disrupts the SiO2 network by breaking primary bonds, lowering Tg for easier processing", + "Na2O increases the refractive index for better optical clarity in windows", + "Na2O forms secondary bonds that improve mechanical strength at room temperature", + "Na2O creates charge-balancing defects that enhance thermal conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that cannot undergo climb motion is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frank partial dislocation", + "Shockley partial dislocation", + "Edge full dislocation", + "Screw full dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a 1 cm³ brass sample annealed at 700°C with an initial grain diameter of 2.16×10⁻³ cm, the grain boundary energy of brass is 0.5 J/m². A calorimeter measured a total heat release of 0.035 J after holding for 2 hours. Determine the grain size after holding for 2 hours:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.3×10⁻³ cm", + "8.9×10⁻³ cm", + "1.2×10⁻² cm", + "6.5×10⁻⁴ cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for bronze?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed metallic-covalent", + "Ionic", + "Covalent", + "Metallic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference in Fermi levels between intrinsic semiconductors and doped semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Fermi level position is temperature-independent in both intrinsic and doped semiconductors", + "In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level coincides with the conduction band edge at room temperature", + "The Fermi level of an n-type semiconductor is always below the valence band maximum", + "Doping concentration has no effect on the Fermi level position in extrinsic semiconductors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium (Be) has an HCP unit cell for which the ratio of the lattice parameters c/a is 1.568. If the radius of the Be atom is 0.1143nm, what is the theoretical density of Be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.36 g/cm³", + "1.84 g/cm³", + "1.65 g/cm³", + "1.92 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main phenomenon during the low-temperature recovery of cold-worked metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Annihilation of excess vacancies through diffusion to grain boundaries", + "Rearrangement of dislocations into low-energy configurations", + "Partial recrystallization of deformed grains", + "Precipitation of secondary phases at defect sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing coefficient in a face-centered cubic unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.02%", + "74.05%", + "52.36%", + "81.45%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions is the first law of diffusion only applicable?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At constant temperature", + "When the concentration gradient is linear", + "For ideal solutions only", + "Steady state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a smooth interface have on crystal growth modes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Layer-by-layer growth is suppressed due to insufficient atomic mobility", + "Continuous growth dominates due to reduced interfacial energy barrier", + "Dendritic growth becomes predominant to maximize surface area", + "Lateral growth occurs, including two-dimensional nucleation growth and screw dislocation growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that Li2O is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Li+ substitutes for Ca2+, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form and how many of these vacancies are created for every Li+ added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lithium vacancies; one vacancy per Li+ ion", + "Calcium vacancies; one vacancy per Li+ ion", + "Oxygen interstitials; two interstitials per Li+ ion", + "Oxygen vacancies; one vacancy per two Li+ ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 8 % cementite and 92 % ferrite at room temperature. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.53 %", + "0.67 %", + "0.80 %", + "0.12 %" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Match the luminescence characteristics with their descriptions.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals is primarily determined by the Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism in pure aluminum at room temperature", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts decreasing yield strength with decreasing grain size in polycrystalline metals", + "Dislocation climb is the primary mechanism for plastic deformation in BCC metals at 0.5Tm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the heterogeneous nucleation model, when the contact angle θ between the nucleus and the substrate plane is π/2, what fraction of the homogeneous nucleation energy is the nucleation energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/2", + "1/√2", + "π/4", + "cos(π/4)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of covalent bonds that must be broken?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.166 × 10^-14", + "5.83 × 10^-15", + "2.332 × 10^-14", + "1.166 × 10^-12" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The carbon content of ledeburite is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.7%", + "2.1%", + "0.8%", + "4.3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes segregation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The spontaneous phase separation in polymer blends", + "The separation of dislocations during plastic deformation", + "The preferential migration of vacancies to grain boundaries", + "The non-uniformity of chemical composition in alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes 'Whiskers'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Whiskers are metallic filaments with nanoscale grain structures for improved ductility", + "Whiskers are polycrystalline fibers with high surface roughness for enhanced bonding", + "Whiskers are amorphous ceramic fibers produced through rapid quenching", + "Whiskers are single crystals with extremely large length-to-diameter ratios" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The engineering linear strain experienced by this aluminum rod is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "13.4%", + "17.6%", + "28.3%", + "21.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, its climb direction is _ to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "at 45°", + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vacancy formation energy of aluminum is 0.76 eV/vacancy, and the lattice constant of aluminum at 25°C is 0.405 nm, what is the vacancy concentration in aluminum at 25°C (vacancies/cm3)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.08×10^10 vacancies/cm3", + "1.67×10^10 vacancies/cm3", + "4.17×10^9 vacancies/cm3", + "8.34×10^9 vacancies/cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the relative atomic masses of Cu and Zn are 63.55 and 65.38 respectively, the Avogadro constant is 6.0238×10^23, and x_Zn=3%, what is the average mass of component atoms A in the alloy solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.56 × 10^-23 g", + "63.92 × 10^-23 g", + "1.05 × 10^-22 g", + "64.47 × 10^-23 g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal alloy is known to have electrical conductivity and electron mobility values of 1.2 × 10^{7}(Ω·m)^{-1} and 0.0050 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. A current of 40 A is passed through a specimen of this alloy that is 35 mm thick. What magnetic field would need to be imposed to yield a Hall voltage of -3.5 × 10^{-7} V?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.94 tesla", + "1.47 tesla", + "0.368 tesla", + "0.735 tesla" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the Burgers vectors of edge dislocations and screw dislocations, and the properties of a curved dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both edge and screw dislocations have Burgers vectors parallel to their line directions, but edge dislocations additionally require perpendicular slip planes. Curved dislocations maintain constant Burgers vector magnitude but may change direction.", + "The Burgers vectors of edge dislocations are perpendicular to the dislocation line direction, while for screw dislocations they are parallel. A curved dislocation line has constant Burgers vector but varying character along its length.", + "Edge dislocations have Burgers vectors parallel to the line direction while screw dislocations have perpendicular Burgers vectors. Curved dislocations exhibit continuous transition between these two pure types.", + "The Burgers vector orientation is irrelevant for dislocation classification. All curved dislocations naturally maintain pure edge character throughout their length due to strain field symmetry." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Multiple slip的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Multiple slip: When the resolved shear stress on several slip systems is equal and simultaneously reaches the critical resolved shear stress, the phenomenon of simultaneous slip occurs.", + "Multiple slip occurs when the dislocation density exceeds a critical threshold, regardless of the resolved shear stress on different slip systems.", + "Multiple slip is primarily observed in amorphous materials where the lack of crystalline structure allows for simultaneous activation of multiple slip planes.", + "Multiple slip requires the presence of at least five independent slip systems to accommodate arbitrary plastic deformation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do the dimensions of some measuring tools change during storage and use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "because of creep deformation caused by residual stresses from the manufacturing process under ambient temperature conditions", + "due to the excessive amount of retained austenite after quenching and tempering, stress relaxation occurs during storage and use, causing the retained austenite to transform, thereby leading to dimensional changes", + "as a result of reversible martensitic transformation triggered by minor temperature fluctuations during storage", + "due to oxidation-induced surface layer expansion that creates compressive stresses in the bulk material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the carbon content is 0.8% in high-carbon steel with an original grain size of 0.05mm, what is the grain size after holding at 760‰ for 1 hour? Use the formula D^(1/n) - D0^(1/n) = c t, where at 760‰, the constant c is 6×10^(-16), n is 0.1, D and D0 are grain sizes in mm, and t is time in minutes.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0516mm", + "0.0528mm", + "0.0492mm", + "0.0504mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What concentration of trivalent ions is required to ensure that the diffusion of Ca2+ in CaO remains non-intrinsic up to the melting point of CaO (2600°C)? The Schottky defect formation energy of CaO is known to be 6eV.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.6 × 10^-6", + "7.2 × 10^-6", + "1.4 × 10^-5", + "2.9 × 10^-7" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two polyethylene materials are as follows:\n\nTensile Strength (MPa) | Number-Average Molecular Weight (g/mol)\n--------------------------------|---------------------------------------\n90 | 20,000\n180 | 40,000\n\nEstimate the number-average molecular weight that is required to give a tensile strength of 140 MPa:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "35,000 g/mol (assuming exponential relationship)", + "31,100 g/mol (linear interpolation)", + "27,700 g/mol", + "22,500 g/mol (inverse proportion assumption)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the nearest neighbor atomic spacing in a diamond unit cell is 0.1544nm, determine the lattice constant a of diamond.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2186nm", + "0.3088nm", + "0.2672nm", + "0.3566nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the habit plane and its invariance in the characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The habit plane is defined as the interface between austenite and martensite that undergoes maximum shear strain during transformation.", + "Martensite forms on certain crystallographic planes of the parent phase, and these planes are called habit planes. The habit plane is an undistorted and non-rotating plane.", + "Habit planes correspond to the highest atomic density planes in the parent phase, ensuring minimum energy barrier for transformation.", + "Invariance of the habit plane is achieved through simultaneous lattice rotation and distortion to maintain coherency with the parent phase." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A carbon steel with w(C)=0.1% is carburized at 930°C, reaching a carbon concentration of 0.45% at a depth of 0.05cm. For all times t>0, the carburizing atmosphere maintains a surface composition of 1%. Assuming D=0.2×10^(-5) exp(-140000/RT)(m²/s), the carburizing time is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.5×10^3(s)", + "2.5×10^3(s)", + "5.0×10^2(s)", + "1.0×10^3(s)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress for iron is 27 MPa(4000 psi). What is the maximum possible yield strength for a single crystal of \\mathrm{Fe} pulled in tension?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27 MPa (4000 psi)", + "54 MPa (8000 psi)", + "81 MPa (12000 psi)", + "108 MPa (16000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion constant of carbon in γ-Fe D0=2.0×10^-5m^2/s and the activation energy for diffusion Q=140×10^3J/mol, how long is required to achieve the same carburizing thickness at 870°C as that obtained by carburizing for 10 hours at 927°C? (Ignore the difference in solubility of carbon in γ-Fe at different temperatures)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20.12 hours", + "15.75 hours", + "25.30 hours", + "10.06 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the intracrystalline substructures of martensitic transformation products in steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The substructures are identical in both types, consisting of alternating layers of dislocations and twins", + "Both lath and acicular martensite contain equal proportions of dislocations and twins throughout their substructures", + "Acicular martensite is dominated by stacking faults while lath martensite contains primarily deformation twins", + "Lath martensite mainly consists of high-density dislocations; acicular martensite has high-density twins with some dislocations at the edges" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting the deformation of polycrystalline metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "crystal structure, elastic modulus, and stacking fault energy", + "grain size, deformation temperature, and deformation rate", + "dislocation density, Burgers vector magnitude, and Poisson's ratio", + "thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and magnetic permeability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the typical crystal structure types of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fcc, bcc, diamond cubic", + "fcc, bcc, hcp", + "bcc, hcp, simple cubic", + "fcc, hcp, zinc blende" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Aluminum foil used for storing food weighs about 0.3g per square inch. How many atoms of aluminum are contained in one square inch of foil?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.67 × 10^{21} atoms", + "3.34 × 10^{21} atoms", + "1.34 × 10^{22} atoms", + "6.69 × 10^{21} atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.0 kg of a 99.6 wt % Fe-0.4 wt % C alloy that is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid. How many kilograms of cementite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.400 kg", + "0.228 kg", + "0.057 kg", + "0.114 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 96% γ and 4% Fe₃C at 800°C. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.96% C", + "0.77% C", + "4.0% C", + "1.15% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the temperature decreases from 600°C to 300°C, the equilibrium vacancy concentration in $\\mathtt{Ge}$ crystal decreases by 6 orders of magnitude. The vacancy formation energy in the Ge crystal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.98 eV", + "0.99 eV", + "3.96 eV", + "2.85 eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪些是金属的典型晶体结构类型？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "FCC", + "BCC", + "HCP", + "Diamond cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution is formed when the radius of solute atoms differs significantly from that of solvent atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Eutectic", + "Substitutional", + "Isomorphous", + "Interstitial" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel is heated until 40% austenite, with a carbon content of 0.5%, forms. Estimate the temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "800°C", + "727°C", + "760°C", + "680°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The elasticity of a polymer is related to which temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where storage modulus equals loss modulus (tan δ=1)", + "The onset temperature of rubbery plateau in DMA measurements", + "The temperature at which polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation", + "The midpoint temperature of glass transition measured by DSC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the solubility of carbon in austenite greater than that in ferrite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The higher temperature stability range of austenite allows greater thermal activation for carbon dissolution", + "Austenite has higher atomic packing density (0.74 vs 0.68) which accommodates more carbon", + "The octahedral interstitial sites in FCC austenite are larger than in BCC ferrite (0.535Å vs 0.129Å)", + "Ferrite's magnetic ordering creates electronic repulsion that hinders carbon solubility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). What are the kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 2.30 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.20 kg", + "Pearlite: 2.12 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.38 kg", + "Pearlite: 1.95 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.55 kg", + "Pearlite: 2.25 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.25 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-Fe (body-centered cubic), given the diffusion coefficient formula as D=0.0079exp[-83600/RT] cm²/s, temperature T=800°C (1073K), and gas constant R=8.314 J/(mol·K). The diffusion coefficient is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.7×10^-7 cm²/s", + "3.2×10^-6 cm²/s", + "1.1×10^-8 cm²/s", + "4.5×10^-5 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The subsequent process of solute atom precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature or above", + "The gradual loss of ductility in metallic alloys due to prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures", + "The time-dependent relaxation of residual stresses in polymer composites under constant strain", + "The spontaneous decomposition of metastable phases into equilibrium structures through diffusionless transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is martensite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal crystal structure resulting from diffusionless transformation", + "The equilibrium phase of carbon in γ-Fe at room temperature", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid cooling of austenite with high carbon content", + "The supersaturated solid solution formed by carbon in α-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are there no more than 14 Bravais lattices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the 14 lattices represent all possible combinations of symmetry operations that preserve translational periodicity", + "Due to the mathematical constraint that only 14 unique combinations of lattice parameters can satisfy the crystallographic restriction theorem", + "Because higher-order lattices would violate the Pauli exclusion principle for electron arrangements in crystals", + "The limitation arises from the maximum number of unique Voronoi cell configurations possible in 3D space" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Sintering的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sintering requires complete melting of powder particles to achieve full densification", + "Sintering occurs through surface diffusion and grain boundary migration at temperatures below melting point", + "Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a necessary post-processing step for all sintering operations", + "The driving force for sintering comes primarily from external pressure rather than surface energy reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of coring and why it occurs?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Coring is a defect caused by uneven thermal contraction during solidification, resulting in radial stress patterns that resemble tree rings in the microstructure.", + "Coring is the formation of a hard, brittle phase at grain boundaries due to excessive cooling rates, which prevents uniform diffusion of alloying elements during solidification.", + "Coring refers to the preferential oxidation of certain alloy components at grain boundaries, creating concentration gradients when cooling rates exceed the critical threshold for equilibrium diffusion.", + "Coring is the phenomenon whereby concentration gradients exist across grains in polycrystalline alloys, with higher concentrations of the component having the lower melting temperature at the grain boundaries. It occurs, during solidification, as a consequence of cooling rates that are too rapid to allow for the maintenance of the equilibrium composition of the solid phase." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Directly observing the aluminum sample, the dislocation density within the grains is ρ=5×10^13/m^2. If the angle between subgrains is 5°, estimate the dislocation spacing at the interface (the lattice constant of aluminum a=2.8×10^-10m). The dislocation spacing D is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.56×10^-9m", + "3.14×10^-9m", + "1.12×10^-9m", + "2.28×10^-9m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size number of 8, the number of grains per square inch with no magnification is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.56 × 10^6 grains/in.^2", + "1.28 × 10^6 grains/in.^2", + "6.4 × 10^5 grains/in.^2", + "3.2 × 10^5 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assume there is an edge dislocation with a b in the [0-10] direction gliding along the (100) crystal plane. If a screw dislocation with a b direction of [100] gliding on the (001) crystal plane passes through the aforementioned dislocation, will it form a kink or a jog?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Kink, because the dislocations are gliding on perpendicular planes", + "Jog, as the Burgers vectors are perpendicular to each other", + "Neither, since both dislocations are mobile and will simply pass through", + "Kink, due to the screw component of the edge dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following can form non-crystalline solids (NCS)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single crystal semiconductors", + "Ionic crystals at room temperature", + "Polycrystalline ceramics with grain boundaries", + "Metallic alloys under rapid quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one problem that might exist with a steel weld that was cooled very rapidly?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite formation leading to brittle fracture", + "Excessive grain growth reducing yield strength", + "Dissolution of carbides improving ductility", + "Formation of pearlite enhancing toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare gray and malleable cast irons with respect to mechanical characteristics. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Gray iron exhibits higher impact toughness than malleable iron due to its flake graphite structure", + "Malleable iron shows better machinability than gray iron because of its lower carbon content", + "Both irons demonstrate similar damping capacities despite their different graphite morphologies", + "Gray iron's compressive strength is significantly lower than its tensile strength due to graphite orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface roughness and optical properties", + "Chemical composition and applied stress", + "Crystal structure type and magnetic permeability", + "Temperature and crystal defects only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the definition of the equilibrium distribution coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of the solute solubility limits in solid and liquid phases at a given temperature", + "The ratio of the diffusion coefficients of solute atoms in solid and liquid phases at equilibrium", + "The ratio of the solidification front velocity to the solute diffusion velocity in the liquid phase", + "The ratio of the solute concentration in the solid phase to that in the liquid phase during equilibrium solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the hard sphere model of crystals, if the diameter of the spheres remains unchanged, the volume expansion when Fe transforms from fcc to bcc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6%", + "12%", + "9%", + "3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the wetting of solid-liquid interfaces, which of the following methods can improve wetting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase the surface roughness of the solid", + "Reduce the solid-liquid interfacial energy", + "Apply an external electric field perpendicular to the interface", + "Decrease the viscosity of the liquid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "CeO2 has a fluorite structure. When 15 mol% CaO is added to form a solid solution, the measured density of the solid solution is d = 7.01 g/cm³, and the unit cell parameter is a = 0.5417 nm. Determine which type of solid solution is formed.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An interstitial solid solution is formed, with interstitial Ca²⁺ ions present", + "A substitutional solid solution is formed, with Ca²⁺ substituting for Ce⁴⁺", + "A vacancy solid solution is formed, with oxygen vacancies compensating for charge imbalance", + "A complex defect cluster solution is formed, with both cation substitution and anion vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does fracture strength increase with decreasing specimen size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The surface-to-volume ratio increases, reducing stress concentration effects", + "Dislocation motion becomes more restricted in smaller volumes", + "Smaller specimens have higher crystallinity due to faster cooling rates", + "Grain boundary strengthening dominates at nanoscale dimensions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the number-average relative molecular weight of linear polytetrafluoroethylene is 5×10^5, the C-C bond length is 0.154 nm, and the bond angle θ is 109°, calculate its total chain length L.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "627.869 nm", + "1253.738 nm", + "2507.476 nm", + "835.825 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly addresses the application of the lever rule in the context of the eutectic line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lever rule becomes invalid near the eutectic point because the phase fractions become temperature-independent", + "The lever rule is equally valid in both two-phase and three-phase regions, including the eutectic line, as it only depends on the tie-line construction", + "While the lever rule cannot be used on the eutectic line, it can be modified by introducing a correction factor for three-phase regions", + "The lever rule can be applied to calculate the relative amounts of phases in the two-phase region adjacent to the eutectic line, but not directly on the eutectic line itself" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does solute concentration affect the diffusion coefficient in many solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient decreases exponentially with solute concentration due to lattice strain effects", + "The diffusion coefficient increases linearly with solute concentration up to the solubility limit", + "The diffusion coefficient shows a minimum at intermediate concentrations due to competing vacancy mechanisms", + "The diffusion coefficient becomes concentration-independent above 5 at.% solute due to percolation threshold effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the main characteristics of precipitation transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation occurs in ceramics, involves phase separation without compositional changes, and is controlled by interfacial energy", + "Precipitation occurs in pure metals, involves structural changes, and is primarily controlled by short-range diffusion", + "Precipitation occurs in alloys, involves compositional changes, and is primarily controlled by long-range diffusion", + "Precipitation occurs in polymers, involves chain rearrangement, and is controlled by cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Diamond is a crystalline form of carbon with a lattice constant α = 0.357 nm. When it transforms into the graphite (ρ = 2.25 g/cm³) structure, the change in volume is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "33.5%", + "42.3%", + "67.1%", + "55.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a crystal face family?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A set of crystal faces with identical Miller indices but different surface energies, forming distinct thermodynamic states", + "Groups of equivalent crystal faces with the same symmetrical relationship (atomic arrangement and distribution, interplanar spacing) are called a crystal face family, denoted by {hkl}", + "All possible crystallographic planes that can be derived from a single plane by symmetry operations, regardless of their atomic density", + "The collection of all low-index crystal faces ({100}, {110}, {111}) in a given crystal structure that dominate surface properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, what is the relationship between the direction of its slip motion and the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "At 45° angle", + "Depends on the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an alloy has β-phase precipitates with a spacing of 50 nm after heat treatment, what is the total area of α/β interfaces per cubic meter (assuming the precipitates are cubes)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.0×10^7 m^2", + "1.2×10^8 m^2", + "2.4×10^8 m^2", + "3.0×10^7 m^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.001 -in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a high hydrogen gas from a low hydrogen gas at 650^{\\circ} C .5 × 10^{8} H atoms / {cm}^{3} are in equilibrium with the hot side of the foil, while 2 × 10^{3} H atoms / {cm}^{3} are in equilibrium with the cold side. The flux of hydrogen through the foil is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.33 × 10^{8} H atoms/cm^2·s", + "1.65 × 10^{8} H atoms/cm^2·s", + "0.33 × 10^{6} H atoms/cm^2·s", + "1.65 × 10^{6} H atoms/cm^2·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which valence state of cations must be present in the exchange of originally adsorbed cations in clay for mud peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+) is essential for peptization due to their strong bridging effect between clay layers", + "Trivalent cations (e.g., Al3+) are required as they provide optimal charge density for colloidal stability", + "A mixture of mono- and divalent cations creates the ideal balance between dispersion and flocculation", + "Monovalent cations (e.g., Na+) are necessary to maximize double layer repulsion between particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the diameter of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 4 in. × 10 in. × 20 in. casting if the H / D of the riser is 1.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.21 in.", + "5.33 in.", + "8.00 in.", + "6.67 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the tensile strengths and number-average molecular weights for two polymers as follows: Tensile strength (MPa) 37.7 and 131, Number average molecular weight (g/mol) 36800 and 62400. Estimate the tensile strength (in MPa) for a number-average molecular weight of 51500 g/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "84.3 MPa", + "112.4 MPa", + "95.2 MPa", + "68.7 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basis for the classification of silicate crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of non-silicate anions in the structure", + "The ratio of silicon to oxygen atoms in the unit cell", + "The coordination number of silicon atoms", + "The degree of polymerization of [SiO4] tetrahedra" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are properties that may be improved by crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher strength", + "Increased ductility and reduced hardness", + "Higher electrical conductivity and improved fracture toughness", + "Enhanced creep resistance and decreased yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'alloy'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A material formed by the chemical bonding of a metal with one or more other elements", + "A mixture where the primary component is always iron", + "Any homogeneous combination of two or more metals in solid state", + "A composite material with enhanced mechanical properties through phase dispersion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the allotropic transformation of a pure metal $(x\\rightarrow\\beta)$, at a certain degree of undercooling, the volume Gibbs free energy difference between the two phases is $7\\times10^{8} kJ/m^{3}$, and the interfacial energy is $0.5 J/m^{2}$. If the strain energy of nucleation is neglected, what are the critical nucleus size and the critical nucleation work for forming a cubic nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical nucleus size is 3.428×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 1.44×10⁻¹⁷ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 2.143×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 9.0×10⁻¹⁸ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 4.286×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 2.88×10⁻¹⁷ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 1.714×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 7.2×10⁻¹⁸ J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To dissolve MgF2 into LiF, what type of vacancies should be introduced into LiF?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cation vacancies to maintain charge neutrality", + "Anion vacancies to compensate for the smaller Mg2+ ion", + "Schottky defects to balance both cation and anion sites", + "Frenkel defects to accommodate the size mismatch" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A solid-state reaction product with a new crystal structure distinct from either reactant", + "A mixture of two solid phases where each phase retains its original crystal structure and properties", + "A single homogeneous solid formed by solute atoms dissolving into the solvent lattice in atomic form; the lattice type of the solvent is retained", + "A metastable amorphous phase formed by rapid quenching of a liquid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The percentage of ionic character in the bonding between Ti and O in TiO2, given their electronegativities as 1.5 and 3.5 respectively, is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "81.6%", + "73.5%", + "50.1%", + "63.2%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A diagram illustrating the atomic arrangement and crystallographic planes in a material, essential for understanding diffraction patterns.", + "A plot showing the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, used to predict material behavior under stress.", + "A graphical representation describing the conditions for phase equilibrium or the coexistence relationships of phases; it can also be referred to as the geometric trajectory of thermodynamic parameters at equilibrium.", + "A chart mapping the electrical conductivity of materials against their thermal conductivity, used to identify thermoelectric materials." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于反应扩散（reaction diffusion）的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reaction diffusion involves simultaneous diffusion and chemical reactions leading to new phase formation, as seen in metal infiltration when solubility limits are exceeded", + "Reaction diffusion refers to the accelerated diffusion rate observed when external stresses are applied to crystalline materials", + "Reaction diffusion describes the phenomenon where diffusion coefficients change due to interfacial reactions in composite materials", + "Reaction diffusion is the process where diffusing species preferentially react with grain boundaries rather than forming new phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the close-packed plane of an ideal hexagonal close-packed crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{1010}", + "{0001}", + "{1120}", + "{1011}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a first-order phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "First-order phase transition: The Gibbs free energy is continuous but its first derivative with respect to temperature is discontinuous. This transition is characterized by a change in symmetry without latent heat.", + "First-order phase transition: During the phase transition, the chemical potentials of the two phases are equal, but the first-order partial derivatives of the chemical potential are not equal. A first-order phase transition involves latent heat and volume changes.", + "First-order phase transition: Both the chemical potential and its first derivative with respect to pressure are continuous. The transition occurs without any volume change or latent heat absorption.", + "First-order phase transition: The entropy and volume remain continuous during the transition, but the heat capacity shows a discontinuity. This is typical of magnetic phase transitions." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes uphill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion occurs from high to low concentration regions under stress gradients", + "Atoms diffuse against the concentration gradient due to thermal vibration effects alone", + "Under the condition of chemical potential difference as the driving force, atoms diffuse from low concentration positions to high concentration positions", + "Vacancy-assisted diffusion in crystalline materials with negative activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a binary system composed of A and B, when α and β phases are in equilibrium, the relationship between composition (x) and free energy (G) for the two components is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The total free energy of the system must be minimized", + "The chemical potentials of component B must be equal in both phases", + "The molar volumes of both phases must be identical", + "The entropy of mixing must be maximized in both phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains/square inch are observed at a magnification of 50.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.2", + "3.6", + "2.9", + "5.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Wetting is an important behavior at the solid-liquid interface. Which of the following is one of the methods to improve wetting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Apply an external electric field perpendicular to the interface", + "Increase the surface roughness to enhance mechanical interlocking", + "Reduce the solid-liquid interfacial energy", + "Introduce nanoscale porosity to increase effective surface area" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Germanium to which 10^24 m^-3 As atoms have been added is an extrinsic semiconductor at room temperature, and virtually all the As atoms may be thought of as being ionized (i.e., one charge carrier exists for each As atom). Calculate the electrical conductivity of this material, assuming electron and hole mobilities of 0.1 and 0.05 m^2/V-s, respectively. The conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.60 × 10^4 (ω·m)^-1", + "3.20 × 10^4 (ω·m)^-1", + "8.00 × 10^3 (ω·m)^-1", + "1.28 × 10^5 (ω·m)^-1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes gravity segregation in the macrosegregation of ingots?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Gravity segregation occurs when lighter alloy elements migrate upwards due to thermal convection currents during the cooling process, creating a concentration gradient along the vertical axis.", + "Gravity segregation: During solidification, the solid phase and the liquid phase have different densities, causing deposition or floating, which results in uneven composition between the lower and upper ends of the ingot, also on a macroscopic scale.", + "Gravity segregation is caused by the preferential nucleation of high-density phases at the bottom of the ingot due to gravitational compression during solidification.", + "Gravity segregation results from the difference in solidification rates between the top and bottom of the ingot, where slower cooling at the top allows more time for solute redistribution." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for aluminum phosphide (AlP)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed covalent and van der Waals bonding", + "Pure ionic bonding due to large electronegativity difference", + "Metallic bonding with partial covalent character", + "Predominantly covalent with some ionic character" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When most of the latent heat of crystallization can be dissipated through the liquid phase during ingot solidification, the main solid microstructure is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single crystal with <5° misorientation", + "Equiaxed grains with random crystallographic orientation", + "Directionally solidified columnar structure", + "Dendritic growth with secondary arm spacing <100μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'microstructure'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The characteristic pattern of grain boundaries and defects visible in a polished and etched metal sample", + "The atomic-scale arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material as determined by X-ray diffraction", + "The surface topography of a material observed at magnifications above 1000x using electron microscopy", + "Under certain external conditions, the collective of several different phases that constitute an alloy of a certain composition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Metals with finer grains have _ (17) plasticity and toughness than the same metals with coarser grains", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "similar", + "lower", + "better", + "temperature-dependent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the significance of the CCT diagram of eutectoid carbon steel in practical heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The CCT curve is used to calculate the elastic modulus of the steel after heat treatment", + "The CCT diagram directly shows the equilibrium phase fractions at different temperatures", + "The CCT curve determines the critical quenching cooling rate and final microstructure during continuous cooling", + "The CCT diagram primarily indicates the corrosion resistance of the steel under various cooling rates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Tg of the glass phase in ceramics is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Glass transition temperature", + "Thermal decomposition temperature", + "Crystallization onset temperature", + "Elastic modulus transition point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The reduction in grain boundary energy as the total grain boundary area decreases", + "The increase in dislocation density during plastic deformation", + "The minimization of surface energy through atomic diffusion", + "The thermal activation energy overcoming the recrystallization barrier" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical crystal structures of metals are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "body-centered cubic; face-centered cubic; close-packed hexagonal", + "body-centered cubic; face-centered cubic; diamond cubic", + "face-centered cubic; close-packed hexagonal; perovskite", + "body-centered cubic; simple cubic; zinc blende" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum force that a 0.2-in. diameter rod of Al₂O₃, having a yield strength of 35,000 psi, can withstand with no plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "875 lb (3893 N)", + "1750 lb (7785 N)", + "1100 lb (4891 N)", + "2200 lb (9786 N)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize a 0.76 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a normalizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "727°C (1341°F)", + "782°C (1440°F)", + "850°C (1562°F)", + "912°C (1674°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains the error in the concept that the coordination number of body-centered cubic is smaller than that of face-centered cubic crystals, so according to the Pa² relation, the atomic diffusion coefficient in α-Fe should be smaller than that in γ-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The assumption ignores the temperature dependence of coordination numbers in iron allotropes", + "The Pa² relation doesn't apply to ferrous systems due to their magnetic properties", + "Fcc crystals have more slip systems which increases their effective diffusion coefficient", + "The coordination number difference is offset by higher atomic vibrational frequency in bcc due to weaker atomic constraints" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the electrical conductivities of metals compare with those of semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials", + "Dislocation density is the primary strengthening mechanism in nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10nm", + "Grain boundary sliding becomes the dominant deformation mechanism when grain size exceeds 100nm", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs due to increased dislocation nucleation at grain boundaries below critical grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress of a single crystal at room temperature is $\\tau_{\\mathfrak{c}}=7.9\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{Pa}$. If a tensile test is performed on an aluminum single crystal sample at room temperature with the tensile axis in the [123] direction, the stress required to cause the sample to yield is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.9 MPa (directly equating to critical resolved shear stress)", + "3.42 MPa (using Schmid factor for [111] slip system)", + "1.69 MPa", + "0.85 MPa (assuming FCC aluminum's theoretical shear strength)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between crazing and cracking?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crazing occurs in ductile materials only, whereas cracking happens in brittle materials", + "Crazing involves localized yielding forming fibrillated structures, while cracking is complete material separation", + "Crazing is reversible upon stress removal, while cracking is permanent", + "Crazing represents atomic-scale defects, whereas cracking is macroscopic failure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing fraction for BCC lithium in the (110) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.906", + "0.680", + "0.740", + "0.833" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of pearlite interlamellar spacing and pearlite colonies on mechanical properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Smaller interlamellar spacing increases hardness but reduces ductility due to restricted dislocation movement", + "Larger pearlite colonies improve toughness by providing more uniform stress distribution", + "Finer pearlite structure decreases both strength and hardness due to increased boundary area", + "Pearlite colony size has negligible effect compared to cementite morphology" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For alloy A with atomic weight 77.4 g/mol, density 8.22 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.125 mm, its crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)", + "Face-centered cubic (FCC)", + "Body-centered cubic (BCC)", + "Simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a continuous and oriented fiber-reinforced composite, the moduli of elasticity in the longitudinal and transverse directions are 33.1 and 3.66 GPa (4.8 × 10^6 and 5.3 × 10^5 psi), respectively. If the volume fraction of fibers is 0.30, what are the moduli of elasticity of the fiber and matrix phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "e_m = 2.6 GPa, e_f = 104 GPa", + "e_m = 3.77 GPa, e_f = 15 GPa", + "e_m = 5.3 GPa, e_f = 48 GPa", + "e_m = 0.53 GPa, e_f = 150 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-3% (Si) alloy containing MnS particles, when the particle radius is $0.05\\mu m$ and the volume fraction is approximately 1%, annealing below 850℃ results in the cessation of normal grain growth when the average grain diameter of the matrix is $6\\mu m$. What is the reason for this phenomenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dispersed particles exert a pinning effect on grain boundary migration, and when the driving force for grain boundary migration equals the resistance caused by the particles, the limiting grain size is reached.", + "The MnS particles dissolve into the matrix at 850°C, altering the solute drag effect and stopping grain growth.", + "The critical grain size is determined by the ratio of particle spacing to grain boundary curvature, reaching equilibrium at 6μm.", + "The stacking fault energy of the Fe-Si matrix decreases below 850°C, inhibiting dislocation motion necessary for grain growth." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference between self-diffusion and interdiffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Self-diffusion involves only vacancies as diffusion mechanism, while interdiffusion requires interstitial mechanisms", + "Self-diffusion occurs in pure elements where tracer atoms move, while interdiffusion requires concentration gradients between different elements", + "Self-diffusion is temperature independent lattice rearrangement, while interdiffusion is thermally activated atomic mixing", + "Self-diffusion measures atomic mobility under stress, while interdiffusion occurs only in equilibrium conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between the purpose of quenching for austenitic stainless steel and wear-resistant steel compared to that of general steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment to prevent intergranular corrosion by maintaining single-phase austenite", + "To increase hardness through rapid cooling and martensite formation", + "To refine grain size and improve overall mechanical properties", + "To relieve internal stresses caused by prior cold working processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit cell for tin has tetragonal symmetry, with a and b lattice parameters of 0.583 and 0.318nm, respectively. If its density, atomic weight, and atomic radius are 7.30g/cm³, 118.69g/mol, and 0.151nm, respectively, what is the atomic packing factor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.534", + "0.612", + "0.465", + "0.689" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystal structure compatibility", + "Electronegativity difference <15%", + "Atomic radius difference <5%", + "All of the above" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124nm, and an atomic weight of 55.85g/mol. What is the theoretical density of iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.90 g/cm³", + "8.57 g/cm³", + "7.87 g/cm³", + "7.90 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes polymer materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials that always demonstrate thermoplastic characteristics", + "Materials exhibiting viscoelastic behavior at all temperatures", + "Materials composed of long-chain molecules with covalent crosslinks", + "Materials with polymer compounds as the main component" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by B in α-Fe and γ-Fe, its location, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: B: 0.091 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "B cannot form any solid solution in α-Fe due to severe lattice distortion, but dissolves interstitially in γ-Fe", + "In both α-Fe and γ-Fe, B exclusively forms interstitial solid solutions at tetrahedral sites with similar solubility", + "In γ-Fe, B forms an interstitial solid solution at octahedral sites with solubility exceeding 0.1 mole fraction", + "In α-Fe, B forms a substitutional solid solution due to its relatively large size, with solubility below 0.02 mole fraction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system U-W be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements are refractory metals with similar melting points", + "No, due to their significant difference in atomic radii (U: 1.56Å vs W: 1.39Å)", + "Yes, since they share the same crystal structure (BCC) at high temperatures", + "No, because of their large electronegativity difference (U: 1.38 vs W: 2.36)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a perfect dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A dislocation with zero elastic strain energy in its stress field", + "A dislocation that maintains perfect crystallinity along its core", + "A dislocation whose Burgers vector equals a lattice vector", + "A dislocation that can glide without leaving any defects behind" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At temperatures between 775°C (1048 K) and 1100°C (1373 K), the activation energy and preexponential for the diffusion coefficient of Fe²⁺ in FeO are 102,000 J/mol and 7.3 × 10⁻⁸ m²/s, respectively. What is the mobility for an Fe²⁺ ion at 1000°C (1273 K)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.32 × 10^{-11} m²/V·s", + "8.64 × 10^{-11} m²/V·s", + "1.73 × 10^{-10} m²/V·s", + "3.46 × 10^{-10} m²/V·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum rod with a length of 20m and a diameter of 14mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. What is the length of the aluminum rod after drawing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "22.1m", + "24.3m", + "17.6m", + "20.0m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solid solution contains xMgO=30/10−2 and xLiF=70/10−2. What are the mass fractions of Li+, Mg2+, F−, and O2−?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "wLi+=16/10−2, wMg2+=24/10−2, wF−=44/10−2, wO2−=16/10−2", + "wLi+=14/10−2, wMg2+=28/10−2, wF−=42/10−2, wO2−=16/10−2", + "wLi+=18/10−2, wMg2+=22/10−2, wF−=46/10−2, wO2−=14/10−2", + "wLi+=16/10−2, wMg2+=24/10−2, wF−=42/10−2, wO2−=18/10−2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature, the plastic deformation modes of metal polycrystals are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip, twinning, creep", + "Slip, twinning, kinking", + "Slip, climb, cross-slip", + "Slip, twinning, grain boundary sliding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 6 mol% of MgO is added to the UO2 lattice to form a substitutional solid solution, which of the following is the correct defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+O0+V0∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+O0+VO∗∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+Oi′′+VO∗∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+Oi′′+V0∗" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the main reason dislocations promote nucleation when the new phase nucleates on the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress field around dislocations creates preferential sites for solute segregation, lowering the interfacial energy between matrix and nucleus", + "Dislocations increase the local atomic vibration frequency, which provides additional thermal energy to overcome the nucleation barrier", + "When the new phase nucleates on the dislocation line, the dislocation disappears at the nucleation site, and the released elastic strain energy reduces the nucleation work, thereby promoting nucleation", + "Dislocation cores act as high-diffusivity paths that accelerate atomic transport to the nucleation site" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical specimen of some hypothetical metal alloy that has a diameter of 8.0 mm(0.31 in.). A tensile force of 1000N (225 lb_f) produces an elastic reduction in diameter of 2.8 × 10^{-4} mm(1.10 × 10^{-5} in.). Given that Poisson's ratio is 0.30, what is the modulus of elasticity for this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.410 × 10^11 Pa (341.0 GPa)", + "2.275 × 10^11 Pa (227.5 GPa)", + "5.683 × 10^10 Pa (56.83 GPa)", + "1.705 × 10^11 Pa (170.5 GPa)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a crystal is subjected to external forces, the moving dislocations inside it will intersect, resulting in the formation of jogs and kinks. What is the length of these jogs and kinks the same as that of the intersecting dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interatomic spacing along the slip plane", + "The mean free path of dislocations in the crystal", + "The magnitude of the Burgers vector", + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some ceramic materials, why does the thermal conductivity first decrease and then increase with rising temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The initial decrease is caused by reduced electron mobility, while the increase at higher temperatures is due to enhanced ionic conduction", + "The initial decrease is due to increased phonon scattering, while the subsequent increase results from significant radiative heat transfer through pores at higher temperatures", + "The initial decrease occurs because of thermal expansion reducing atomic packing, while the increase results from phase transformation to a more conductive crystalline structure", + "The initial decrease is due to decreased mean free path of phonons, while the increase is caused by thermally activated defect annihilation improving crystallinity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes uphill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Enhanced diffusion in nanocrystalline materials due to grain boundary sliding", + "Diffusion against the concentration gradient driven by chemical potential gradients in ternary systems", + "Anomalous fast diffusion along dislocation cores in irradiated materials", + "Temperature-activated diffusion overcoming an energy barrier in amorphous alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the maximum stress, the minimum stress, and the mean stress on the part during its use under conditions that provide for equal compressive and tensile stresses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum stress is +20 MPa, the minimum stress is -20 MPa, and the mean stress is 0 MPa", + "The maximum stress is +22 MPa, the minimum stress is -18 MPa, and the mean stress is +2 MPa", + "The maximum stress is +22 MPa, the minimum stress is -22 MPa, and the mean stress is 0 MPa", + "The maximum stress is +22 MPa, the minimum stress is -22 MPa, and the mean stress is +2 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two molecular characteristics essential for elastomers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High degree of crystallinity with oriented molecular chains", + "Amorphous structure with crosslinked polymer chains", + "Semi-crystalline morphology with spherulitic domains", + "Linear polymer chains with high molecular weight" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During martensitic transformation, the new phase often begins to form on a specific crystallographic plane of the parent phase, which is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "twin boundary", + "slip plane", + "habit plane", + "Bain distortion axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymer bar's dimensions are 1 in. × 2 in. × 15 in. The polymer has a modulus of elasticity of 600,000 psi. What force is required to stretch the bar elastically to 15.25 in.?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "400,000 psi", + "100,000 lb", + "200,000 lb", + "300,000 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For copper, the heat capacity at constant volume C_V at 20 K is 0.38 J/mol-K and the Debye temperature is 340 K. Estimate the specific heat at 40 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.76 J/mol-K", + "47.8 J/kg-K", + "23.9 J/kg-K", + "1.14 J/mol-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The exact processing parameters for achieving desired microstructure", + "The elastic modulus of a specific phase at room temperature", + "The diffusion coefficient of solute atoms in the matrix phase", + "The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an interstitial solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When solute atoms form a separate phase within the solvent matrix due to size mismatch", + "When solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the crystal lattice while maintaining the same crystal structure", + "When the solute atoms are relatively small, they can enter the interstitial sites of the solvent lattice", + "When solute atoms create lattice distortions large enough to form new crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material as follows: (σ_fs(MPa)) (P) 70 0.10 60 0.15, compute the flexural strength for a 0.20 volume fraction porosity.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "51.5 MPa", + "53.2 MPa", + "49.8 MPa", + "55.0 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two synthesis methods of polymer materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal polymerization and photopolymerization", + "Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization", + "Chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization", + "Bulk polymerization and solution polymerization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does the hardness of tempered martensite diminish with tempering time at constant temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation density decreases due to recrystallization of the ferrite matrix", + "Increased carbon diffusion leads to precipitation hardening reversal at prolonged tempering times", + "The growth of cementite particles reduces phase boundary area, decreasing dislocation barrier effectiveness", + "The tetragonality of martensite gradually disappears, reducing lattice distortion hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Do all metals have the same slip system? Why or why not?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because dislocation movement follows the same principles in all metals", + "Yes, because all metals share the same FCC crystal structure", + "No, because slip systems are determined by electron configuration rather than crystal structure", + "No, because slip systems are determined by crystal structure which varies between metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do crystal defects affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries decrease diffusion while vacancies increase it, creating competing effects that cancel out", + "Point defects decrease diffusion coefficient by blocking atomic movement, while dislocations have negligible effect", + "All types of crystal defects equally reduce diffusion coefficient by introducing local strain fields", + "Crystal defects increase diffusion by providing low-energy pathways, with dislocations and grain boundaries showing higher diffusivity than bulk" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a disordered solid solution transforms into an ordered solid solution, the general trend in the change of alloy properties is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Remains constant", + "Increases", + "Decreases", + "First increases then decreases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the practical significance of the Kirkendall effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It demonstrates that diffusion coefficients of components in an alloy are independent of each other", + "It proves the exchange mechanism is the dominant diffusion process in substitutional solid solutions", + "It shows that vacancy diffusion can be ignored in most practical applications", + "It indicates that macroscopic diffusion always follows Fick's first law perfectly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What can YT30 alloy be used to make?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Biomedical implants", + "High-temperature turbine blades", + "Cutting tool edges", + "Flexible electronic circuits" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram, what is the carbon content below which the material is considered steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.76%C", + "2.11%C", + "4.3%C", + "6.67%C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bond predominates in metallic materials, how strong is the bonding, and consequently, what is their elastic modulus like?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds, moderately strong, resulting in intermediate elastic modulus comparable to covalent solids", + "Metallic bonds, relatively weak, leading to lower elastic modulus than ionic crystals", + "Mixed covalent-metallic bonds, very strong, producing exceptionally high elastic modulus", + "Secondary bonds dominating, extremely weak, causing elastic modulus similar to polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "With increasing temperature antiferromagnetic materials eventually become which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diamagnetics", + "Paramagnetics", + "Ferromagnetics", + "Ferrimagnetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In stable ZrO2 material, cations form an fcc structure, and anions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. If 20 mol% CaO is added, how many anions are needed for 100 cations to maintain electrical neutrality?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "160", + "200", + "180", + "190" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of diffusion is the growth of uniform austenite grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "vacancy-assisted diffusion", + "interstitial diffusion", + "grain boundary diffusion", + "self-diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the correct processing route for a W18Cr4V steel disc milling cutter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Blanking and forging → Spheroidizing annealing → Cutting → Quenching + Cryogenic treatment → Finishing → Assembly", + "Blanking and forging → Normalizing → Cutting → Quenching + Low-temperature tempering → Finishing → Assembly", + "Blanking and forging → Spheroidizing annealing → Cutting → Quenching + High-temperature tempering (three times) → Finishing → Assembly", + "Blanking and forging → Stress relief annealing → Cutting → Quenching + High-temperature tempering (once) → Finishing → Assembly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a method to monitor self-diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using radioactive isotopes of the metal being studied", + "Measuring changes in electrical conductivity during diffusion", + "Observing grain boundary movement with electron microscopy", + "Tracking color changes in the material during annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Sulfur (S) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Indium Antimonide (InSb). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Donor (n-type)", + "Acceptor (p-type)", + "Amphoteric (both donor and acceptor)", + "Neutral (no doping effect)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the yield strength and grain size of No. 10 steel was measured as follows: when the grain diameter was $400\\mu m$, $\\partial_{\\mathfrak{s}}=86$ MPa, and when the grain diameter was $5\\mu\\mathrm{m}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}=242$ MPa. Using the Hall-Petch formula, determine the yield strength when the average grain diameter is $50~\\mu\\mathrm{m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "121.83 MPa", + "136.45 MPa", + "108.72 MPa", + "154.60 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes non-uniform nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The formation of nuclei with varying sizes and shapes due to temperature fluctuations", + "A nucleation process that occurs randomly throughout the material without any preferred sites", + "The nucleation process during the cooling of a molten liquid that occurs on a certain interface within the parent phase", + "A nucleation mechanism that only occurs in amorphous materials at high undercooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of an FCC unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.74", + "0.68", + "0.52", + "0.82" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a Pb-70% Sn alloy at 182 degrees C, what are the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary alpha: 19% Sn, % primary alpha = 22.8%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 77.2%", + "primary beta: 97.5% Sn, % primary beta = 22.8%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 77.2%", + "primary beta: 97.5% Sn, % primary beta = 77.2%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 22.8%", + "primary alpha: 19% Sn, % primary alpha = 77.2%, eutectic: 97.5% Sn, % eutectic = 22.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can all parts of a dislocation loop be edge dislocations? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, but only for perfect dislocation loops in FCC crystals", + "No, because dislocation loops must contain both edge and screw components by definition", + "Yes, if the Burgers vector is perpendicular to the plane of the loop, creating a prismatic dislocation", + "No, because the curvature of the loop inherently requires mixed character dislocations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can the new dislocation generated by the dislocation reaction $$ \\frac{a}{2}[10\\overline{{{1}}}] + \\frac{a}{6}[\\overline{{{1}}}21] \\rightarrow \\frac{a}{3}[11\\overline{{{1}}}] $$ move on the slip plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the Burgers vector is parallel to the (111) slip plane", + "Yes, because the reaction product has a smaller Burgers vector magnitude", + "No, because the new dislocation is a pure edge type on a non-slip plane", + "No, because the reaction violates the Frank's rule for dislocation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The plasticity of a polymer is related to which temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where storage modulus equals loss modulus (tan δ=1)", + "The onset temperature of molecular chain segment motion in DMA curves", + "The temperature at which polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation", + "The temperature where polymer transitions from rubbery to viscous flow state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $800^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, one atom in $10^{10}$ atoms has sufficient energy to move within the solid, while at $900^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, only one atom in $10^{9}$ atoms does. The activation energy (J/atom) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.5×10⁻¹⁹ eV/atom", + "1.2×10⁻¹⁹ J/atom", + "0.4×10⁻¹⁸ J/atom", + "0.8×10⁻¹⁸ J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many tetrahedral voids and octahedral voids are there around a sphere?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 tetrahedral voids and 6 octahedral voids", + "12 tetrahedral voids and 8 octahedral voids", + "6 tetrahedral voids and 8 octahedral voids", + "4 tetrahedral voids and 12 octahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the growth velocity (vg) of a certain crystal during solidification and the dynamic undercooling (ΔTx) at the liquid-solid interface front is vg proportional to ΔTx^2. This crystal belongs to which growth mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous growth", + "Growth via screw dislocations", + "Two-dimensional nucleation", + "Lateral growth with kinetic coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which method can effectively extend the lifespan of the tungsten filament in a light bulb by restricting grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using zone refining to achieve ultra-high purity tungsten", + "Increasing the operating temperature to promote dynamic recrystallization", + "Applying a protective oxide coating to reduce surface diffusion", + "Introducing dispersed ThO2 particles to pin grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are parameters used to qualitatively describe crystal structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Symmetry axes, symmetry center, crystal system, lattice", + "Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, hardness, density", + "Dislocation density, grain size, stacking fault energy, Burgers vector", + "Melting point, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, specific heat" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a single crystal undergoes plastic deformation, the common methods are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning, Grain boundary sliding, Phase transformation", + "Slip, Dislocation climb, Recrystallization", + "Slip, Twinning, Kinking", + "Dislocation glide, Stacking fault formation, Elastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The following true stresses produce the corresponding true plastic strains for a brass alloy:\n\nTrue Stress (psi) | True Strain\n------------------|------------\n60,000 | 0.15\n70,000 | 0.25\n\nWhat true stress is necessary to produce a true plastic strain of 0.21?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "66,400 psi", + "65,200 psi", + "63,800 psi", + "67,600 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between △L/L and sintering time in the mass transfer process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "△L/L∝1/t", + "△L/L∝t^(1/3)", + "△L/L∝ln(t)", + "△L/L∝t" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute the electrical conductivity of a 5.1-mm (0.2-in.) diameter cylindrical silicon specimen 51mm (2 in.) long in which a current of 0.1 A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of 12.5V is measured across two probes that are separated by 38mm (1.5 in.). The electrical conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.9 (Ω·m)^-1", + "0.067 (Ω·m)^-1", + "29.8 (Ω·m)^-1", + "7.45 (Ω·m)^-1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the low-carbon steel and copper pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Corrosion is possible, and the copper will corrode due to its lower standard electrode potential", + "Corrosion is possible, and the low-carbon steel will corrode due to its higher anodic index", + "No corrosion will occur because both metals are protected by the seawater's conductivity", + "Corrosion is possible, but the direction depends on the exact salinity of seawater" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the types of reinforcing materials, composites can be classified into which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fiber-reinforced, particle-reinforced, and structural composites", + "Continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and nano-reinforced composites", + "Fiber-reinforced, particle-reinforced, and laminated composites", + "Metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix composites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines constitutional supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Constitutional supercooling occurs when rapid cooling causes the formation of metastable phases in alloys, bypassing equilibrium phase transformations.", + "Constitutional supercooling: Due to the redistribution of solute atoms in solid solution alloys during the crystallization process, under a positive temperature gradient, the liquid phase ahead of the solidification front of the solid solution alloy also exhibits supercooling under appropriate temperature gradients, which is referred to as constitutional supercooling.", + "Constitutional supercooling is the phenomenon where solute segregation at grain boundaries creates localized regions with depressed melting points, leading to premature melting.", + "Constitutional supercooling describes the condition where thermal gradients in the melt pool exceed the critical gradient for stable solidification, causing oscillatory freezing patterns." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The region of atomic misalignment at the interface where two grains meet", + "A planar defect characterized by a sudden change in crystallographic orientation", + "The transition zone where dislocations accumulate between adjacent crystals", + "A two-dimensional defect formed by the termination of a crystal plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As dislocation density increases, the resistance to dislocation movement", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases linearly with dislocation density", + "Decreases due to dislocation screening effects", + "Remains constant as it depends only on Peierls stress", + "First increases then decreases beyond critical density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium has a tetragonal structure with a_{0}=0.32517nm and c_{0}=0.49459nm. The density is 7.286g / {cm}^{3} and the atomic weight is 114.82g / mol. Does indium have the simple tetragonal or body-centered tetragonal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simple tetragonal (Z=1)", + "Body-centered tetragonal (Z=2)", + "Face-centered tetragonal (Z=4)", + "Hexagonal close-packed (Z=6)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of a vanadium atom, given that V has a BCC crystal structure, a density of 5.96 g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 50.9 g/mol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.122 nm", + "0.143 nm", + "0.132 nm", + "0.154 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the adverse effects of the work hardening characteristics of metals on the use of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It makes the metal difficult to undergo further cold plastic deformation", + "It significantly reduces the electrical conductivity of the metal", + "It causes anisotropic thermal expansion during heating", + "It increases the solubility of interstitial elements in the lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 25,000 psi √m fails under a stress of 42,000 psi, with fracture initiating at the surface. Assuming f=1.1, estimate the size of the flaw that initiated fracture.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.067 in", + "0.042 in", + "0.125 in", + "0.093 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure of austenite is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "BCC with carbon interstitial sites", + "BCC with tetragonal distortion", + "HCP with stacking faults", + "FCC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can the banded structure in a low-carbon steel part be eliminated or improved through heat treatment methods?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching to form martensite followed by tempering", + "Heating in the single-phase region and normalizing treatment", + "Prolonged annealing below the eutectoid temperature", + "Cyclic heat treatment between A1 and A3 temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the size of the critical nucleus radius depend on?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature and pressure only", + "ΔGV and σ", + "Elastic modulus and lattice parameter", + "Cooling rate and interfacial energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many types of bonds exist between atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3 (ionic, covalent, metallic)", + "4 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen)", + "5 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, van der Waals)", + "6 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, van der Waals, dipole-dipole)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At high temperature, a metal is melted on an Al2O3 plate. If the liquid surface energy is only half of the Al2O3 surface energy, while the interfacial energy is twice the Al2O3 surface tension, what is the size of the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "180 degrees", + "120 degrees", + "90 degrees", + "60 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\\begin{tabular}{cc} \\hline \\sigma_{\\mathrm{fs}} (MPa) & \\mathbf{P} \\\\ \\hline 100 & 0.05 \\\\ 50 & 0.20 \\\\ \\hline \\end{tabular} \nCompute the flexural strength for a completely nonporous specimen of this material.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "126 MPa", + "112 MPa", + "138 MPa", + "89 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of potassium, which has the BCC structure and one atom per lattice point, is 0.855 g/cm3. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.09 g/mol. The atomic radius of potassium is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.1551 x 10^-8 cm", + "2.3103 x 10^-8 cm", + "2.3103 x 10^-10 m", + "2.3103 x 10^-8 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between intrinsic diffusion and extrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intrinsic diffusion occurs in pure materials, while extrinsic diffusion requires impurity atoms as diffusion mediators", + "Intrinsic diffusion involves both vacancy formation and atomic migration, while extrinsic diffusion is driven solely by pre-existing defects", + "Intrinsic diffusion follows Fick's first law, while extrinsic diffusion requires Fick's second law for description", + "Intrinsic diffusion has a constant activation energy, while extrinsic diffusion shows temperature-dependent activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ground-state electron configuration of Cr (atomic number 24)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1", + "1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2", + "1s22s22p63s23p63d64s0", + "1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.02% C steel is to be carburized at 1200°C in 4h, with a point 0.6mm beneath the surface reaching 0.45% C. The carbon content required at the surface of the steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.53% C", + "0.48% C", + "0.60% C", + "0.40% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. Is the alloy hypo eutectic or hyper eutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cannot be determined without knowing the cooling rate", + "Hyper-eutectic, because Al-Si alloys always form hyper-eutectic structures", + "Eutectic, since 4% is close to the eutectic point when considering atomic percentage", + "Hypo-eutectic, because the Si content is below the eutectic composition (12.6 wt%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals that have undergone pre-cold plastic deformation, which type of annealing should be performed before further cold plastic deformation to improve their plasticity and toughness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spheroidization annealing", + "Stress relief annealing", + "Homogenization annealing", + "Recrystallization annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification of 75 ×.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.8", + "5.2", + "3.6", + "6.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of material transmits light diffusely?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Translucent material", + "Transparent material with surface roughness", + "Single crystal with lattice defects", + "Amorphous metal with nanoscale heterogeneity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials displays antiferromagnetic behavior?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe₃O₄ (magnetite)", + "Cr₂O₃", + "NiFe₂O₄ (nickel ferrite)", + "CoO" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A space lattice is formed by arranging in space with a regular repetition.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals is primarily determined by the Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "Dislocation climb in BCC metals occurs at temperatures below 0.3Tm due to their high intrinsic point defect concentrations", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts decreasing yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials", + "Twinning in HCP metals is the dominant deformation mechanism at all temperatures due to their limited slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Non-steady state diffusion的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Non-steady state diffusion is characterized by a linear concentration profile that shifts uniformly with time", + "Non-steady state diffusion occurs when the diffusion coefficient is time-dependent, while the concentration gradient remains constant", + "Non-steady state diffusion: diffusion where both the concentration gradient and the diffusion flux vary with time and distance", + "In non-steady state diffusion, the flux remains constant while the concentration gradient changes with position" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO dissolves into Al2O3 to form a solid solution. Assuming Mg2+ replaces Al3+, which of the following is the correct reaction equation using Kroger-Vink notation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO → MgAl' + VO•• + OOX", + "2MgO → 2MgAl' + V..O + 2OOX", + "3MgO → 3MgAl' + V..O + 3OOX", + "MgO + Al2O3 → MgAl' + AlO• + OOX" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the law of rational indices, the coordinate axes in a crystal structure should be selected in the direction of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The direction parallel to Burgers vectors", + "The direction perpendicular to cleavage planes", + "The direction with the highest atomic packing density", + "The direction of maximum thermal conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In ionic materials, how does the size of the component ions affect the extent of electronic polarization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polarization is maximized when cation and anion sizes are equal", + "Smaller ions exhibit greater polarization due to higher charge density", + "Ion size has negligible effect compared to charge asymmetry", + "The larger the size of the component ions the greater the degree of electronic polarization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one major limitation of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram related to time-temperature relationships in terms of heat treatment and the development of microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diagram fails to account for the effect of cooling rate on the formation of martensite", + "The diagram provides no indication as to the time-temperature relationships for the formation of pearlite, bainite, and spheroidite", + "The diagram cannot predict the exact hardness values resulting from different heat treatments", + "The diagram omits the influence of alloying elements on phase transformation kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire with a diameter of 0.89 mm has σ_ss=980 MPa and σ_sb=1,130 MPa. There is also an aluminum alloy with σ_as=255 MPa and σ_ab=400 MPa. Their densities are known to be ρ_s=7.85 g/cm³ and ρ_a=2.7 g/cm³, respectively. If the aluminum wire is to bear the same maximum load without deformation, how much heavier or lighter is it compared to the steel wire (expressed as a percentage)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32% heavier", + "28% lighter", + "45% heavier", + "12% lighter" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The space lattice is an abstraction derived from the ____ in the crystal structure.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "atoms", + "ions", + "geometric points", + "equivalent points" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪一组材料属于五大工程塑料？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polyethylene; Polypropylene; Polystyrene; PVC; PET", + "Polyoxymethylene; Polyamide; Polycarbonate; ABS; Polysulfone", + "Polyimide; PTFE; PEEK; LCP; PPS", + "Polyurethane; Phenolic resin; Epoxy; Unsaturated polyester; Silicone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes Spinodal decomposition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A transformation in which a solid solution decomposes into two solid solutions with the same structure as the parent phase but different compositions through uphill diffusion", + "A phase separation process driven by nucleation and growth, where composition fluctuations decrease with time", + "A diffusionless transformation resulting in a martensitic phase with different crystal structure from the parent phase", + "A precipitation process where solute atoms cluster randomly to form second-phase particles with different lattice structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fiberglass is a composite material of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Resin and Carbon fiber", + "Polymer matrix and Glass fiber", + "Epoxy and Silicon fiber", + "Resin and Glass fiber" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the first criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Manufacturing tolerances", + "Material yield strength", + "Expected service conditions", + "Consequences of failure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In practice, it is often considered that the grain size of steel will significantly grow when heated to 870°C. If the original grain diameter of the steel is 0.05 mm, the empirical formula for grain growth is D^(1/n)−D0^(1/n)=c t, where D is the grown grain diameter; D0 is the original grain diameter; c is the proportional constant; t is the holding time. Given that at 870°C, n=0.2, c=2×10^(−8), find the grain diameter of steel with 0.8% carbon content after holding at 870°C for 1 hour.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0524 mm", + "0.0686 mm", + "0.0892 mm", + "0.0437 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Wetting is an important behavior at the solid-liquid interface. One of the methods to improve wetting is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reduce the interfacial tension by adding surfactants to both phases", + "Decrease the viscosity of the liquid to enhance spreading kinetics", + "Increase the contact angle to promote capillary action", + "Increase the surface energy of the solid (remove the adsorbed film on the solid surface)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some hypothetical alloy is composed of 12.5 wt% of metal A and 87.5 wt% of metal B. If the densities of metals A and B are 4.27 and 6.35g/cm³, respectively, whereas their respective atomic weights are 61.4 and 125.7g/mol, determine the crystal structure for this alloy given a unit cell edge length of 0.395nm. The possible crystal structures are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "face-centered cubic", + "body-centered cubic", + "simple cubic", + "hexagonal close-packed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly lists the main factors affecting grain boundary migration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 cooling rate; 2 phase diagram slope; 3 thermal expansion coefficient; 4 elastic modulus", + "1 applied stress; 2 dislocation density; 3 stacking fault energy; 4 Burgers vector magnitude", + "1 solute atoms; 2 second-phase particles; 3 temperature; 4 orientation of grains on both sides of the grain boundary", + "1 surface energy; 2 interface curvature; 3 diffusion coefficient; 4 vacancy concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The three mechanical states corresponding to linear amorphous polymers are the usage states of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "plastic; rubber; flow resin", + "glass; rubber; viscous liquid", + "crystalline; viscoelastic; molten", + "elastic; plastic; brittle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity corresponding to the glass transition temperature Tf is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where free volume disappears according to free volume theory", + "The temperature where configurational entropy becomes zero according to Adam-Gibbs theory", + "The temperature where viscosity reaches 1012 Pa·s in oxide glasses", + "The temperature where relaxation time reaches 100 seconds in polymer glasses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A low-alloy steel ingot containing silicon exhibits dendritic segregation with a dendrite arm spacing of 500μm. After diffusion annealing at 1200°C, the segregation amplitude is reduced to 10% of its original value. How long should the holding time be for the silicon element? Assume the diffusion coefficient of silicon in austenite at 1200°C is 7.03×10^(-11)cm^2/s.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.07×10^6s", + "1.04×10^6s", + "4.14×10^6s", + "5.18×10^5s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of alloying elements in ordinary low-alloy steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To increase the steel's corrosion resistance by forming protective oxide layers", + "To improve strength primarily through solid solution strengthening and grain refinement", + "To enhance electrical conductivity by reducing electron scattering at grain boundaries", + "To lower the melting point for easier casting and processing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the outer surface of a copper single crystal sample is (111), what are the possible angles between slip lines that may appear on this outer surface when the crystal undergoes slip at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip lines will always be at 120° angles due to the hexagonal symmetry of the (111) plane", + "The slip lines can form any angle between 0° and 90° due to multiple slip systems", + "The slip lines are either parallel or at a 60-degree angle to each other", + "The angle between slip lines is determined by the ratio of Schmid factors and can vary continuously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Substances that easily form glass often have bond types such as .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High entropy alloys with FCC structure", + "Metallic glasses with Poisson's ratio > 0.36", + "Bulk metallic glasses with Tg/Tm > 0.6", + "Amorphous polymers with Tg below room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the minimum radius of an atom that will just fit into the octahedral interstitial site in BCC lithium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.225 Å", + "0.414 Å", + "0.732 Å", + "0.629 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for steady-state diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress gradient", + "The chemical potential gradient", + "The temperature gradient", + "The concentration gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation spacing of a Ni crystal is 2000 nm. Assuming each dislocation is caused by an additional (110) atomic plane, the θ angle of the small-angle grain boundary is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.003569527°", + "0.007139054°", + "0.002500000°", + "0.005000000°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Columnar crystals exhibit isotropic mechanical properties, whereas equiaxed crystals show anisotropic behavior", + "Columnar crystals form due to directional heat flow during solidification, while equiaxed crystals result from uniform nucleation conditions", + "Equiaxed crystals grow preferentially along the temperature gradient, while columnar crystals form in undercooled melts", + "Both crystal types always coexist in equal proportions regardless of cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that Cr has a body-centered cubic structure, with a lattice constant a=0.2885 nm, density ρ=7.10 g/cm³, and relative atomic mass A=51.996, what is the number of vacancies in Cr per 10⁶ lattice points?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12,600 vacancies", + "9,450 vacancies", + "15,200 vacancies", + "6,300 vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the three main components of a whiteware ceramic such as porcelain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "kaolin, quartz, and sodium oxide", + "kaolin, silica, and alumina", + "clay, feldspar, and calcium carbonate", + "clay, quartz, and feldspar" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, what is the packing factor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.520", + "0.740", + "0.625", + "0.684" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cesium chloride (CsCl) has an ordered body-centered cubic structure, which belongs to", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The coordination number of Cs+ is 8, forming a true body-centered cubic lattice", + "The structure is face-centered cubic with 12 nearest neighbors for Cs+", + "It's a simple cubic lattice where each ion has 6 nearest neighbors", + "The structure is hexagonal close-packed with 12 nearest neighbors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can only the two components of substitutional solid solutions mutually dissolve infinitely, while interstitial solid solutions cannot?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic size mismatch in interstitial solutions causes excessive lattice strain energy that cannot be compensated by configurational entropy", + "Interstitial sites have limited spatial capacity that physically prevents complete dissolution of solute atoms", + "The activation energy for interstitial diffusion is too high to achieve homogeneous distribution at equilibrium", + "Substitutional solutions obey Vegard's law while interstitial solutions follow different thermodynamic rules" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol (V_{Na}'V_{Cl}^*)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A charged vacancy complex where V_Na' is a negatively charged Na vacancy and V_Cl^* is a positively charged Cl vacancy", + "A Frenkel defect pair in NaCl crystal", + "A Schottky defect where V_Na' represents cation vacancy and V_Cl^* represents anion interstitial", + "An associated center formed by the nearest Na vacancy and Cl vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a composite material, how does the ductility of the matrix phase normally compare with the ductility of the dispersed phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The matrix phase has higher strain hardening exponent (n-value)", + "The dispersed phase exhibits greater elastic recovery upon unloading", + "The matrix shows higher dislocation density under equivalent strain", + "The dispersed phase has lower activation energy for cross-slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of superplasticity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Superplasticity is observed in metallic alloys when deformed at cryogenic temperatures, resulting in elongation exceeding 500% due to suppression of dislocation motion and activation of alternative deformation mechanisms with m≈0.3.", + "Superplasticity refers to the ability of ceramic materials to undergo significant plastic deformation at high temperatures (above 0.8Tm) without fracture, typically showing elongation rates of 200-300% due to grain boundary sliding controlled by diffusion processes.", + "Superplasticity describes the phenomenon where polymer composites exhibit extreme ductility (500-800% elongation) at room temperature through molecular chain alignment, with the strain rate sensitivity index m approaching 1.0 in this regime.", + "Superplasticity: Under specific conditions, metallic materials can achieve exceptionally large elongation rates when stretched, sometimes even reaching 1000%. This property is called superplasticity. During superplastic deformation, the strain rate sensitivity index m is very high, with m≈0.5, whereas for ordinary metallic materials it is only 0.01~0.04." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As temperature increases, the electrical conductivities of polymers and ionic ceramics", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase for ionic ceramics but decrease for conductive polymers", + "Decrease for both material types", + "Increase for both material types", + "Decrease for ionic ceramics but increase for conductive polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Fe_xO, Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}=0.1. The vacancy concentration in Fe_xO is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0476", + "0.0910", + "0.0435", + "0.0524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 20°C, the saturated vapor pressure of water is 2338Pa, the density is 998.3 kg/m³, and the surface tension is 0.07275 N/m. What is the saturated vapor pressure of a water droplet with a radius of 10⁻⁹m at 20°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5120Pa", + "2338Pa", + "3502Pa", + "6864Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the causes of secondary banded structure formation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The banding results from periodic fluctuations in cooling rate during solidification, causing alternating zones of dendritic and eutectic microstructures.", + "Secondary banded structures form due to rapid quenching from the austenitic phase, creating alternating layers of martensite and retained austenite with distinct hardness differences.", + "The formation of secondary banded structure is the result of solid-state transformation. The white bands are proeutectoid ferrite, and the black bands are pearlite, which must form on the basis of primary bands. These bands are all related to element segregation and the special distribution of inclusions.", + "It is caused by mechanical working processes where deformation bands align with crystallographic planes, creating alternating regions of recrystallized and work-hardened material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the kinetic factors affecting the glass formation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical cooling rate is determined solely by the melting temperature of the material", + "Glass formation is primarily controlled by the equilibrium phase diagram boundaries", + "The key factor is the cooling rate of the melt, involving supercooling, viscosity, nucleation rate, and crystal growth rate", + "The most important kinetic factor is the thermal conductivity of the material at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to grind up and reuse polypropylene?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, but only for non-structural applications due to severe molecular weight degradation", + "No, because the polymer chains undergo irreversible scission during the grinding process", + "Only if mixed with virgin material, as recycled PP always requires compatibilizers", + "Yes, because polypropylene's semi-crystalline structure allows it to retain mechanical properties after multiple melt cycles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the tensile strength of ceramics often much lower than the theoretical strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because ceramics primarily fail through dislocation motion like metals", + "Due to the splitting effect of pores and stress concentration during tension", + "Due to their high thermal expansion coefficient causing microcracks", + "Because their covalent bonds are weaker than metallic bonds under tension" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic weight of iron is 55.84, its density is 7.3g/cm³, its melting point is 1593°C, its heat of fusion is 11495J/mol, and the solid-liquid interface energy is 2.04×10⁻⁵J/cm². What is the critical nucleus size at an undercooling of 10°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.8×10⁻⁷ m", + "3.6×10⁻⁷ m", + "9.2×10⁻⁸ m", + "2.7×10⁻⁷ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the percentage of ionic character (% IC) of the interatomic bonds for the intermetallic compound TiAl3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "47%", + "15%", + "32%", + "0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the nature of bonding forces, which of the following correctly describes the types of bonding interactions in crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic, covalent, metallic, and van der Waals bonds only", + "Primary bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) and secondary bonds (hydrogen, dipole-dipole)", + "Strong bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) and weak interactions (van der Waals, hydrogen bonding)", + "Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds, van der Waals bonds, and hydrogen bonds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal growth mechanism of Ge (germanium) follows the two-dimensional nucleation model, if the nuclei formed at the liquid-solid interface are cylindrical with each nucleus height h = 0.25 nm, what is the critical nucleus diameter d*? (Given: melting point Tm = 1231 K, heat of fusion = 750000 kJ/m³, surface energy per unit area = 5.5×10⁻² J/m², undercooling during solidification ΔT = 0.01 Tm)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.7 nm", + "7.35 nm", + "29.4 nm", + "3.68 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical steel grade of austenitic stainless steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "AISI 440C", + "304L", + "316H", + "1Cr18Ni9Ti" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The metal iridium has an FCC crystal structure. If the angle of diffraction for the (220) set of planes occurs at 69.22 degrees (first-order reflection) when monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm is used, what is the interplanar spacing for this set of planes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2694 nm", + "0.1542 nm", + "0.1357 nm", + "0.1085 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What measures should be taken for A1 and Ti to enable them to be rolled into thin sheets?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment followed by rapid quenching", + "Intermediate annealing (recrystallization annealing)", + "Cold working with strain hardening", + "High-temperature homogenization treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What role does the reinforcement play in composite materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The reinforcement primarily bears the load due to its high strength and modulus, with its volume fraction and interfacial bonding determining composite properties", + "The reinforcement acts as a ductile phase to absorb impact energy while the brittle matrix provides stiffness", + "The reinforcement's main function is to increase the composite's thermal conductivity while maintaining structural integrity", + "The reinforcement serves as a sacrificial layer that corrodes preferentially to protect the matrix material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does fibrous structure have on the properties of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decreases overall strength but improves corrosion resistance by creating diffusion pathways", + "Uniformly enhances both strength and toughness in all directions through grain refinement", + "Increases longitudinal strength while reducing transverse ductility due to impurity alignment", + "Has negligible effect as the fiber direction can be ignored in isotropic loading conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes co-condensation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A special case of phase separation where polymer chains condense into coacervate droplets", + "The simultaneous evaporation and condensation of solvent molecules during polymer synthesis", + "A polymerization process where two different monomers simultaneously undergo condensation reactions to form a copolymer", + "The co-deposition of vaporized materials in thin film fabrication processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a copolymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A polymer with alternating crystalline and amorphous regions", + "A polymer formed by the polymerization of two or more monomers", + "A blend of two different polymers physically mixed together", + "A polymer that exhibits both thermoplastic and thermosetting properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pairs of polymers, which one is more likely to crystallize: alternating poly(styrene-ethylene) copolymer or random poly(vinyl chloride-tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Random poly(vinyl chloride-tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer because fluoropolymers generally have higher crystallinity", + "Alternating poly(styrene-ethylene) copolymer due to its regular chain structure allowing better packing", + "Both copolymers will crystallize equally due to similar backbone flexibility", + "Neither copolymer can crystallize due to their irregular chemical structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Intermetallic compounds typically include what controlled by electronegativity, close-packed phases primarily governed by atomic size, and what mainly controlled by electron concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent compounds, face-centered cubic phases, Zintl phases", + "Ionic compounds, geometrically close-packed phases, Hume-Rothery phases", + "Normal valence compounds, topologically close-packed phases, electron compounds", + "Van der Waals compounds, body-centered cubic phases, Laves phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the category of matrix materials, composites can be divided into:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Non-metal matrix composites and metal matrix composites", + "Polymer matrix composites and ceramic matrix composites", + "Continuous fiber reinforced composites and particle reinforced composites", + "Thermoset matrix composites and thermoplastic matrix composites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.76 wt% C", + "0.42 wt% C", + "0.94 wt% C", + "0.25 wt% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel at two temperatures (1273 K with D = 9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s and 1473 K with D = 2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s), determine the values of D0 and the activation energy Qd.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D0 = 2.2 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 126,200 J/mol", + "D0 = 1.1 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 126,200 J/mol", + "D0 = 4.4 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 252,400 J/mol", + "D0 = 2.2 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 252,400 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Match the fiber type 'Wires' with its description.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Wires are large-diameter metals", + "Wires are small-diameter polymers with high tensile strength", + "Wires are ceramic fibers with excellent thermal stability", + "Wires are composite materials with anisotropic properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy at 726°C, what is the composition and amount of each phase present?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: 0.35% C, 95.1%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%", + "α: 0.0218% C, 93.3%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%", + "γ: 0.77% C, 45.6%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 54.4%", + "α: 0.0218% C, 95.1%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the two sources of magnetic moments for electrons?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Orbital motion and spin", + "Nuclear spin and electron charge", + "Lattice vibrations and spin-orbit coupling", + "Phonon interactions and orbital angular momentum" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes eutectic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation in a binary alloy where a single liquid phase simultaneously transforms into two different solid phases at a constant temperature", + "The process where a solid solution decomposes into two distinct phases upon cooling below the solubility limit", + "A diffusionless transformation where a parent phase changes crystal structure without composition change", + "The precipitation of a second phase from a supersaturated solid solution at elevated temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are 40CrNiMo and 37SiMnCrMoV steels (25mm in diameter) in the normalized state difficult to machine, and what is the most economical method to improve machinability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching and tempering", + "Annealing", + "Cold working followed by stress relief", + "Solution treatment at 1050°C followed by aging" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of ZrO2 that is 8 in. long, 0.50 in. wide, and 0.25 in. thick and is resting on two supports 4 in. apart. When a force of 400 lb is applied, the specimen deflects 0.037 in. and breaks. The flexural modulus, assuming no plastic deformation occurs, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "22.14 x 10^6 psi", + "44.28 x 10^6 psi", + "11.07 x 10^6 psi", + "5.54 x 10^6 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, its Burgers vector is _ to the dislocation line", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "anti-parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45° angle", + "parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The correct order of coordination numbers for the following alloy phases from small to large is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stacking fault energy of pure Al is higher than that of Al-4.5%Cu alloy at room temperature", + "The stacking fault energy of pure Cu is lower than that of Cu-30%Zn alloy at 500°C", + "The stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel decreases with increasing Ni content", + "The stacking fault energy of HCP metals is generally higher than that of FCC metals with similar atomic bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for molybdenum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "500°C (932°F)", + "1200°C (2192°F)", + "776°C (1429°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (1316°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the physical significance of the critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest embryo that can grow spontaneously", + "The nucleus size where surface energy equals bulk energy", + "The point where nucleation rate reaches maximum", + "The radius at which Gibbs free energy change is zero" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the basic strengthening mechanisms of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "solid solution strengthening, phase transformation, grain refinement strengthening, and dispersion strengthening", + "solid solution strengthening, work hardening, recrystallization, and precipitation hardening", + "solid solution strengthening, work hardening, grain refinement strengthening, and dispersion strengthening", + "work hardening, grain boundary sliding, dispersion strengthening, and solid solution strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the stacking sequence of an FCC unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ABABAB", + "ABCABC", + "ABACAB", + "AABBCC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical AX type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 2.10g / {cm}^{3} and a unit cell of cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.57nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are 28.5 and 30.0g / mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which of the following crystal structures is (are) possible for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "sodium chloride only", + "zinc blende only", + "cesium chloride only", + "sodium chloride and zinc blende" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A borosilicate glass used for sealing lighting lamps has an annealing point of 544°C, a softening point of 780°C, and a viscous flow activation energy of 373.13 kJ/mol. What is its working temperature range?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "780°C~1120°C", + "544°C~780°C", + "373°C~544°C", + "760.6°C~1038.9°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, the packing factor is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.785", + "0.678", + "0.740", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For aluminum, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv at 30 K is 0.81 J/mol-K, and the Debye temperature is 375 K. Estimate the specific heat at 50 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.35 J/g-K", + "0.97 J/mol-K", + "139 J/kg-K", + "215 J/kg-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is Babbitt alloy wear-resistant?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the alloy forms a self-lubricating oxide layer during operation", + "Due to its exceptionally high elastic modulus that prevents deformation under load", + "Because the structural characteristic of tin-based bearing alloy is the distribution of hard particles on a soft matrix", + "Due to the presence of intermetallic compounds that create a hardened surface layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The subgrain boundaries formed after polygonization contain π edge dislocations, and the misorientation between subgrains is 10^-3 radians. Assuming there is no interaction between dislocations before polygonization, how much energy is released after polygonization (expressed as a percentage)? (The grain boundary energy E⊥-E0θ(A-1)=β, where A is set to 0.5)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50.00%", + "12.50%", + "25.99%", + "7.32%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are disadvantages of hot working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Poor surface finish and inability to achieve uniform mechanical properties", + "Increased grain growth and reduced yield strength due to recrystallization", + "Higher energy consumption compared to cold working processes", + "Limited dimensional accuracy caused by thermal contraction during cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cold-formed components, what type of annealing should be performed promptly after forming to remove what and prevent deformation or cracking during use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Full annealing; grain boundary segregation", + "Recrystallization annealing; work hardening", + "Stress relief annealing; residual internal stress", + "Process annealing; dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When compressing the cold-rolled sheet from 1cm thickness to 0.6cm, what is the true linear strain e?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "e ≈ -67%", + "e ≈ -40%", + "e ≈ -51%", + "e ≈ -80%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what is Fe3CIII precipitated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite", + "Austenite", + "Cementite", + "Ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, if the direction of the dislocation line is [001] and $b=a$ [110], what type of dislocation does this belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "mixed dislocation", + "screw dislocation", + "edge dislocation", + "partial dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Point out the correct way to produce a batch of sand castings with significant thickness variations and require uniform grain size:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using directional solidification with controlled heat extraction rates", + "Adding grain refiners to the entire melt before pouring", + "Maintaining constant cooling rate throughout all sections", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A niobium alloy is produced by introducing tungsten substitutional atoms in the BCC structure; eventually an alloy is produced that has a lattice parameter of 0.32554nm and a density of 11.95g/cm³. The fraction of the atoms in the alloy that are tungsten is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.265", + "0.345", + "0.412", + "0.298" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microscopic mechanisms of diffusion in crystalline solids include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial mechanism", + "Dislocation climb mechanism", + "Grain boundary sliding mechanism", + "Surface diffusion mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "5CrNiMo, 3Cr2W8V, and H11 (or H13) all belong to hot-work die steels. Are there any differences in their usage? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The differences are primarily due to their varying thermal conductivity values, with 3Cr2W8V having the highest conductivity for rapid heat dissipation in extrusion dies", + "5CrNiMo is used for hot forging dies due to its superior toughness, while H11 replaces 3Cr2W8V in lower temperature applications because of its better thermal fatigue resistance from higher vanadium content", + "The main difference lies in their hardness at room temperature, with 3Cr2W8V being hardest for wear resistance in extrusion dies, while 5CrNiMo is softer for better impact resistance in forging", + "Usage differences stem from their phase transformation temperatures, with H11 having the highest Ac1 temperature making it suitable for high-temperature operations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the atomic radius remains unchanged before and after the transformation, what is the volume change of pure iron when it transforms from bcc to fcc structure at 17°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-8.196%", + "+2.314%", + "-12.472%", + "+0.000%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes an interstitial compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial compound: When small solute atoms such as C, H, O, N, etc. are distributed in the interstices of the solvent atomic structure, altering the crystal structure of the solvent atoms, and the composition can generally be represented by a chemical formula, such a phase is called an interstitial compound.", + "Interstitial compound: A phase formed when solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the crystal lattice, creating a substitutional solid solution with variable composition.", + "Interstitial compound: A metastable phase where interstitial atoms cause severe lattice distortion but do not form a defined chemical compound.", + "Interstitial compound: A composite material formed by mechanical mixing of two phases where one phase occupies the pores of the other." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes cross-slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip process transitions from one slip plane to another along the same slip direction", + "Dislocations move simultaneously on intersecting slip planes with different Burgers vectors", + "A screw dislocation changes its slip direction while maintaining the same slip plane", + "Edge dislocations bypass obstacles by climbing onto parallel slip planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between surface tension and surface energy in the liquid state?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface tension is a force per unit length while surface energy is energy per unit area, but they are numerically identical for liquids due to their inability to withstand shear stress", + "Surface tension arises from intermolecular forces while surface energy is the work required to create new surface, making them fundamentally different quantities", + "Surface tension applies only to liquids while surface energy is a property of both solids and liquids, with different units of measurement", + "Surface energy represents potential energy stored at interfaces while surface tension is kinetic energy of surface molecules, leading to different numerical values" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for brass (a copper-zinc alloy)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonding with partial covalent character", + "Pure metallic bonding", + "Ionic bonding between Cu+ and Zn2+ ions", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent bonding with electron localization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that for a certain crystal at 500°C, 1 vacancy can form for every 10^10 atoms. What is the vacancy formation energy of this crystal? (Given: the constant A=0.0539 for this crystal, Boltzmann constant k=1.381×10^-23 J/K)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.5×10^-20 J", + "3.8×10^-19 J", + "1.9×10^-19 J", + "2.4×10^-19 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are metals high-density materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bonding in metal crystals has neither directionality nor saturation requirements, so atoms are packed as closely as possible", + "Metals have higher atomic numbers than other materials, leading to greater electron density", + "The metallic bond strength is directly proportional to the material density", + "Metals crystallize exclusively in face-centered cubic structures which maximize packing efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which strengthening mechanism results in the change of ferrite properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary refinement", + "Work hardening", + "Solid solution", + "Precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of diffusionless phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The new phase forms via nucleation and growth with composition gradients at the interface", + "The process requires significant undercooling to overcome the activation energy barrier for diffusion", + "The transformation occurs through coordinated atomic shuffles without long-range diffusion, preserving the parent phase composition", + "The transformation rate is controlled by the diffusion coefficient of the slowest-moving species" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What happens to the stored energy during the annealing process of deformed metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stored energy converts to thermal energy and raises the system temperature", + "The stored energy transforms into surface energy as new grains form", + "The stored energy is gradually released through dislocation annihilation and grain boundary migration", + "The stored energy remains constant but redistributes within the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an aluminum alloy component with a plane strain fracture toughness of 35 MPa \\sqrt{m}, will fracture occur at a stress level of 325 MPa when the maximum internal crack length is 1.0 mm? Why or why not?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fracture will not occur because the crack length (1.0 mm) is below the critical value (2.0 mm)", + "Fracture will occur because the stress level (325 MPa) exceeds the previously observed fracture stress (250 MPa)", + "Fracture will occur because the product of stress and crack length (325 MPa·mm) exceeds the critical value (250 MPa × 2 mm)", + "Fracture will not occur because the calculated stress intensity factor (32.2 MPa√m) is below the material's fracture toughness (35 MPa√m)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As the porosity of refractory ceramic bricks increases, what happens to the strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strength increases as pores act as crack arrestors", + "Strength decreases due to reduced load-bearing cross-section", + "Strength remains constant due to grain boundary strengthening", + "Strength initially increases then decreases (porosity-strength duality)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a glass containing soda, with a mass fraction of SiO2 at 80% and Na2O at 20%. What is the fraction of non-bridging O atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.250", + "0.333", + "0.400", + "0.216" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the grain boundary energy of a small-angle grain boundary less than for a high-angle one?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-angle boundaries create more vacancies that increase the system entropy", + "Small-angle boundaries primarily consist of edge dislocations which have lower strain energy", + "The small-angle boundary has more atoms maintaining their original crystal coordination", + "The Burgers vector magnitude is smaller for small-angle boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does recovery have on recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recovery increases the dislocation density, providing more nucleation sites for recrystallization", + "After polygonization, the dislocation energy decreases, reducing the stored energy and thereby diminishing the driving force for subsequent recrystallization", + "Recovery creates high-angle grain boundaries that accelerate recrystallization kinetics", + "The thermal activation during recovery process directly initiates recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that can produce cross-slip must be a:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "partial", + "edge-type", + "mixed-type", + "screw-type" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does porosity decrease the thermal conductivity of ceramic and polymeric materials, rendering them more thermally insulative?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The gas phase in pores has much lower thermal conductivity than the solid matrix, and gaseous convection effects are negligible", + "Pores increase phonon scattering at interfaces, while gas molecules enhance radiative heat transfer", + "Porosity reduces density, which directly lowers thermal conductivity according to the Wiedemann-Franz law", + "Air-filled pores create thermal expansion mismatches that suppress lattice vibrations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a pre-annealed metal polycrystal, the relationship between true stress σ_T and true strain ε_T in the uniform plastic deformation stage of the true stress-strain curve is given by σ_T=Kε_T^n, where K is the strength coefficient and n is the strain hardening exponent. If there are two metals A and B with roughly equal K values, but n_A=0.5 and n_B=0.2, which metal has higher hardening capability and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metal B, because lower n values correlate with higher yield strength in FCC metals", + "Metal A, because the higher n value indicates greater resistance to dislocation motion", + "Both have equal hardening since K values are similar", + "Cannot determine without knowing the elastic modulus values" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does increasing the molecular weight of a semicrystalline polymer affect its tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decreases as higher molecular weight leads to more amorphous regions", + "Increases due to enhanced chain entanglement and reduced chain-end defects", + "Remains constant because crystallinity percentage is the dominant factor", + "First increases then decreases beyond critical molecular weight" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some metal alloy, a true stress of 415 MPa(60,175 psi) produces a plastic true strain of 0.475. How much will a specimen of this material elongate when a true stress of 325 MPa(46,125 psi) is applied if the original length is 300mm (11.8 in.)? Assume a value of 0.25 for the strain-hardening exponent n.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "47.3 mm (1.86 in)", + "58.8 mm (2.31 in)", + "72.5 mm (2.85 in)", + "36.2 mm (1.43 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The three crystal zones of an ingot refer to the fine crystal zone near the inner wall of the mold, ______, and the equiaxed coarse crystal zone at the center of the ingot.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "single crystal region formed by directional solidification", + "dendritic crystal zone parallel to the heat flow direction", + "transition zone with mixed fine and columnar crystals", + "columnar crystal zone growing perpendicular to the mold wall" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do silicate materials have relatively low densities in terms of bonding?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The low atomic number of silicon reduces electron density", + "Silicate materials contain large interstitial voids due to ionic repulsion", + "The directional nature of covalent bonds limits atomic packing efficiency", + "Tetrahedral coordination creates excessive free volume in the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to final result?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning causes permanent lattice distortion while slip preserves crystal symmetry", + "Slip results in relatively large deformations, whereas twinning produces only small deformations", + "Slip requires higher activation energy but leads to more uniform deformation than twinning", + "Both mechanisms produce equivalent strain but twinning occurs at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a Cu-Zn alloy (w_Zn=0.30) is 250 kJ/mol, and this alloy takes 1 hour to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, how many hours does it take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 390°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.82 h", + "0.51 h", + "1.96 h", + "1.00 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in. cube solidifies in 4.6 min. Under the same conditions, what is the solidification time for a 0.5 in. x 0.5 in. x 6 in. bar? Assume that n=2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.30 min", + "1.15 min", + "0.60 min", + "4.60 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are metals typically better thermal conductors than ceramic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metals have higher atomic packing factors which allow more efficient phonon transport", + "Ceramic materials have stronger covalent bonds that impede electron movement", + "The crystalline defects in ceramics create more scattering centers than in metals", + "Metals contain free electrons that can transport heat more efficiently than phonons in ceramics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals without phase transformation in the solid state, how can grain size be refined through hot working without remelting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perform hot working to induce dynamic recrystallization", + "Apply rapid quenching after hot working to lock in fine grains", + "Use severe plastic deformation to accumulate dislocations", + "Maintain constant strain rate to prevent grain growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 550°C, an aluminum-copper alloy solid solution with composition x_Cu=0.02 is quenched and then reheated to 100°C to precipitate θ phase (CuAl2). The θ phase forms many small particles dispersed in the alloy with an average particle spacing of 5.0 nm. Approximately how many particles are formed in 1 mm³ of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.6×10^14 particles/mm³", + "2×10^18 particles/mm³", + "8×10^15 particles/mm³", + "4×10^16 particles/mm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals without phase transformation in the solid state, if not remelted, how to refine grains through cold deformation and recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "By heating the metal to just below its melting point to allow natural grain refinement through surface tension effects", + "By performing significant cold deformation followed by recrystallization at an appropriate temperature to obtain fine grains", + "Through repeated cycles of rapid quenching and tempering to induce grain boundary migration", + "By applying high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations during cold deformation to break up existing grain structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are characteristics or features of recrystallization nucleation sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Locally high dislocation density/deformation stored energy", + "Regions with perfect crystallinity and zero defects", + "Areas with uniform elastic strain distribution", + "Low-angle grain boundaries with misorientation <15°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the Burgers vector of a pure screw dislocation and the direction of the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is parallel to the direction of the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector is perpendicular to the direction of the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector forms a 45° angle with the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector magnitude equals the dislocation line length" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the continuous casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "For continuous casting, at the conclusion of the extraction process, the molten metal is cast into a continuous strand having either a rectangular or circular cross-section; these shapes are desirable for subsequent secondary metal-forming operations. The chemical composition and mechanical properties are relatively uniform throughout the cross-section.", + "Continuous casting involves rapid solidification of molten metal into thin strips or wires, resulting in significant compositional segregation due to the high cooling rates, which enhances mechanical properties through grain refinement.", + "In continuous casting, the molten metal is poured into stationary molds to form discrete ingots, allowing for controlled directional solidification to minimize internal stresses and defects.", + "The continuous casting process utilizes electromagnetic fields to shape the molten metal into complex geometries without direct contact with molds, achieving near-net shape forming with anisotropic properties." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods is used to refine the grain size of metal materials by adding nucleating agents and its principle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding nucleating agents to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites", + "Applying rapid quenching to suppress nucleation entirely", + "Introducing dislocations to promote recrystallization", + "Using electromagnetic stirring to break dendrite arms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Shape memory alloys utilize the characteristics of which of the following to achieve shape recovery?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensitic transformation and twinning deformation", + "Superelasticity and shape memory effect", + "Dislocation slip and grain boundary diffusion", + "Elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Twinning的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning: An important mode of plastic deformation in crystals. Under shear stress, one part of the crystal undergoes uniform shear relative to another part along specific crystallographic planes and directions, resulting in different orientations of adjacent crystal regions that are mirror-symmetrical across the twinning plane (twin boundary).", + "Twinning: A diffusion-controlled phase transformation process where atoms rearrange into a mirror-symmetric configuration through long-range atomic migration, similar to martensitic transformation but occurring at higher temperatures.", + "Twinning: A purely elastic deformation mechanism where the crystal lattice temporarily distorts under stress but returns to its original configuration upon stress removal, with the twin boundary acting as a reversible elastic discontinuity.", + "Twinning: A defect annihilation process where dislocations of opposite signs combine to form perfect crystal regions, with the twin boundary representing the transition zone between the original and 'healed' crystal regions." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers based on their mechanical characteristics upon heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastic polymers undergo permanent crosslinking when heated above their glass transition temperature, while thermosetting polymers maintain their network structure.", + "Both thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers soften upon heating, but thermosetting polymers have higher elastic modulus retention at elevated temperatures.", + "Thermosetting polymers exhibit reversible softening upon heating similar to thermoplastics, but with higher viscosity due to crosslinking density.", + "Thermoplastic polymers soften when heated and harden when cooled, whereas thermosetting polymers harden upon heating, while further heating will not lead to softening." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An intermetallic compound is found in the magnesium-gallium system that has a composition of 41.1 wt% Mg - 58.9 wt% Ga. Specify the formula for this compound.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgGa", + "Mg_{2}Ga", + "MgGa_{2}", + "Mg_{3}Ga_{2}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the effect of undercooling variation on the driving force during solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The relationship follows an inverse logarithmic dependence: ΔG = -Rln(1+ΔT/T0) where R is the gas constant", + "Undercooling has no effect on driving force since solid-state transformations are diffusion-controlled rather than thermally activated", + "The driving force increases quadratically with undercooling, as described by ΔG = -k(ΔT)^2 where k is a material-specific constant", + "Driving force shows a linear dependence on undercooling only below a critical temperature threshold Tc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A physical quantity used to describe the lattice distortion caused by dislocations. The magnitude of this vector represents the strength of the dislocation, indicating the total extent of lattice distortion, while its direction represents the direction of lattice point distortion. Generally, the larger this vector is, the greater the degree of crystal distortion.", + "A vector quantity representing the slip direction in a crystal lattice during plastic deformation. Its magnitude equals the interatomic spacing in the slip direction, and its direction is always parallel to the dislocation line.", + "A mathematical construct used to quantify the elastic strain field around a dislocation. Its components correspond to the principal strains in the distorted lattice region.", + "A topological invariant characterizing the Burgers circuit around a dislocation. Its value depends on the crystal structure type but is independent of the specific dislocation configuration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following characteristics are displayed by soft magnetic materials in terms of hysteresis loop size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exhibit narrow hysteresis loops with low coercivity", + "Show wide hysteresis loops proportional to their high permeability", + "Display hysteresis loops identical to hard magnetic materials but with lower saturation magnetization", + "Have no measurable hysteresis due to perfect domain alignment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During metal crystallization, atoms transition from a disordered arrangement in the liquid phase to an ordered arrangement in the solid phase, which reduces the entropy of the system, making it a spontaneous process. What is the correct concept that should replace the underlined part?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Follows the second law of thermodynamics", + "Increases the enthalpy of the system", + "Reduces the free energy of the system", + "Creates a metastable equilibrium state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the fiber orientation is random, which type of fibers is normally used?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Whisker-reinforced composites with nanoscale diameters", + "Continuous fibers with controlled alignment", + "Discontinuous fibers with aspect ratio >100", + "Hybrid fiber systems with bimodal length distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, what are the fractions of α phase and γ phase in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "nα=0.72, nγ=0.28", + "nα=0.42, nγ=0.58", + "nα=0.58, nγ=0.42", + "nα=0.28, nγ=0.72" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The lower yield point for an iron that has an average grain diameter of 1 × 10^{-2}mm is 230 MPa(33,000 psi). At a grain diameter of 6 × 10^{-3} mm, the yield point increases to 275 MPa (40,000 psi). At what grain diameter will the lower yield point be 310 MPa(45,000 psi)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.67 × 10^{-3} mm", + "5.12 × 10^{-3} mm", + "4.34 × 10^{-3} mm", + "2.89 × 10^{-3} mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy mechanism of diffusion refers to:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The movement of interstitial atoms through the crystal lattice without vacancy involvement", + "When vacancies exist in the lattice, the diffusion mode of mass points mediated by vacancy migration", + "A diffusion process exclusively occurring in amorphous materials due to their disordered structure", + "The simultaneous exchange of two adjacent atoms in a perfect crystal lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In substitutional solid solutions, the general mode of atomic diffusion is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic exchange mechanism", + "Interstitial mechanism", + "Vacancy mechanism", + "Interstitialcy mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the one-dimensional form of Fick's second law and explains the meaning and units of each physical quantity in the formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "∂C/∂x = D·∂²C/∂t², where C (at%) is concentration, D (μm²/s) is diffusivity, t (min) is time, x (μm) is distance", + "∂C/∂t = D·∂C/∂x, where C (mol/m³) is concentration, D (m²/s) is diffusivity, t (s) is time, x (m) is distance", + "∂²C/∂t² = D·∂²C/∂x², where C (wt%) is concentration, D (mm²/s) is diffusivity, t (hr) is time, x (mm) is distance", + "∂C/∂t = D·∂²C/∂x², where C (g/cm³) is concentration, D (cm²/s) is diffusivity, t (s) is time, x (cm) is distance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the deformation process of polycrystalline metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Deformation occurs primarily through dislocation glide within grains, with grain boundaries acting as barriers that require activation of multiple slip systems", + "Deformation is dominated by grain boundary sliding at room temperature, with minimal contribution from intragranular dislocation motion", + "Plastic deformation proceeds via stress-induced phase transformation, where grains collectively transform to a higher symmetry crystal structure", + "The Hall-Petch relationship governs deformation through grain boundary diffusion, with finer grains deforming more easily than coarse grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the root mean square displacement $\\sqrt{\\overline{R_{n}^{2}}}$ of carbon atoms at $20\\%$, given the transition frequency is $r=2.1\\times10^{-9}/\\mathrm{s}$, the transition step length is $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and the time is $4\\mathrm{h}$. The correct value is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.64×10⁻⁹ m", + "3.72×10⁻⁶ m", + "2.53×10⁻¹⁰ m", + "1.39×10⁻¹² m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 20,000 N will cause a 1 cm × 1 cm bar of magnesium to stretch from 10 cm to 10.045 cm. The modulus of elasticity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.44 × 10^4 MPa", + "44.4 GPa", + "3.22 × 10^6 psi (shear modulus)", + "6.44 × 10^6 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under normal circumstances, which mechanism diffuses faster?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion in BCC iron at 800°C", + "Vacancy diffusion in FCC copper at 800°C", + "Grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystalline nickel at 800°C", + "Surface diffusion on single crystal aluminum at 800°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure, a c/a ratio of 1.624, and a density of 1.74 g/cm³. What is the atomic radius for Mg?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.152 nm", + "0.144 nm", + "0.172 nm", + "0.160 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic radius difference <8%", + "Melting point difference <15%", + "Crystal structure type", + "Electronegativity difference <0.4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture rocket supports?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 0° ply orientation", + "Silicon carbide fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite", + "Boron fiber reinforced epoxy with 45° ply orientation", + "Unidirectional alumina fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of SiO2 melt is 10^14 Pa·s at 1000°C and 10^7 Pa·s at 1400°C. What is the activation energy for viscous flow of SiO2 glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "327.8 kJ/mol", + "485.2 kJ/mol", + "713.5 kJ/mol", + "1024.6 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following commonly used alloying elements belong to the γ-phase field narrowing elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten", + "Niobium, boron, and zirconium", + "Nickel, manganese, and cobalt", + "Aluminum, silicon, and titanium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following three substances, which one is most likely to form glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2O·SiO2 (higher modifier content)", + "Na2O·2SiO2 (soda-lime silicate composition)", + "NaCl (ionic crystal with simple cubic structure)", + "SiO2 (pure silica with high melting point)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the Br- ion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 4p6", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can completely eliminate work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Normalizing with furnace cooling", + "Stress relief annealing at 0.6Tm for 1 hour", + "Solution treatment followed by rapid quenching", + "Recrystallization annealing above the critical recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 250-400°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of ε-carbide (Fe2-3C)", + "Decomposition of retained austenite", + "Recovery of dislocation density", + "Precipitation of cementite (Fe3C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the cadmium and zinc pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Corrosion is possible, but cadmium will corrode because it's more reactive in seawater environments", + "Corrosion is possible, and zinc will corrode due to its lower standard electrode potential (-0.76V) compared to cadmium (-0.40V)", + "No corrosion will occur because both metals are amphoteric and form protective oxide layers in seawater", + "Corrosion is possible, but the direction depends on the relative surface areas of the two metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For edge dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress direction has no effect on dislocation motion", + "Perpendicular", + "45-degree angle", + "Parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the composition triangle of the A-B-C ternary system, for all alloys whose composition points lie on a line parallel to the AB side, the content of which component is a fixed value?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of A to B components", + "The sum of A and B components", + "The content of C component", + "The difference between A and B components" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure of Mo is body-centered cubic, with a lattice constant $a{=}0.3147{\\mathrm{~nm}}$. What is the atomic radius $\\scriptstyle{\\mathcal{r}}_{\\circ}$ of Mo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0725 nm", + "0.1574 nm", + "0.1090 nm", + "0.1363 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress of an aluminum single crystal at room temperature is 7.9×10⁵ Pa. If a tensile test is performed on an aluminum single crystal specimen at room temperature with the tensile axis in the [123] direction, and the possible activated slip system is (111)[101], what is the stress required to cause the specimen to yield?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.69×10⁶ Pa", + "3.42×10⁶ Pa", + "7.9×10⁵ Pa", + "2.37×10⁶ Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a pre-annealed metal polycrystal, the true stress-strain curve in the plastic region can be approximately expressed as ∇σ_T= kε_T^n, where k and n are empirical constants, referred to as the strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent, respectively. If there are two materials, A and B, with roughly equal k values, but n_A=0.5 and n_B=0.2, which material has higher hardening capability and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Material B, because the lower exponent indicates more stable dislocation structures under strain", + "Material B, because lower n values correlate with higher stacking fault energies that promote hardening", + "Neither, since k values are equal the hardening capabilities must be identical", + "Material A, because the higher n value indicates greater dislocation multiplication efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A large plate is fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 55 MPa √m (50 ksi √in.). If, during service use, the plate is exposed to a tensile stress of 200 MPa (29,000 psi), what is the minimum length of a surface crack that will lead to fracture? Assume a value of 1.0 for Y.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.012 m (12 mm)", + "0.024 m (24 mm)", + "0.048 m (48 mm)", + "0.006 m (6 mm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Crystal的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A material exhibiting both crystalline and amorphous regions simultaneously", + "Any solid material with long-range atomic ordering, including amorphous solids", + "A solid composed of atoms, molecules, or ions arranged in a regular periodic pattern", + "A solid phase that necessarily exhibits anisotropic physical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 55% \\alpha and 45% \\gamma at 750^{\\circ} C. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.281% C", + "0.68% C", + "0.45% C", + "0.77% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 0.25 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "650°C (1202°F)", + "723°C (1333°F)", + "950°C (1742°F)", + "880°C (1510°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of the eutectic reaction in a binary system and the degrees of freedom when its phases are in equilibrium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The eutectic reaction requires external pressure to maintain three-phase equilibrium (F=1 at constant pressure)", + "The eutectic reaction is a gradual transformation where liquid changes composition continuously until forming two solids (F=1)", + "The eutectic reaction occurs at variable compositions where liquid transforms into two solids with adjustable phase fractions (F=2)", + "The eutectic reaction involves simultaneous solidification of liquid into two solid phases with fixed compositions at a constant temperature (F=0)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a niobium-vanadium alloy that contains 24 wt% Nb and 76 wt% V, with the densities of pure niobium and vanadium being 8.57 and 6.10 g/cm^3 respectively, the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.76 × 10^{21} atoms/cm^3", + "1.24 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "1.02 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "6.54 × 10^{21} atoms/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the maximum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 85 vol % titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a cobalt matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 69 W/m-K for TiC and Co, respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "33.3 W/m-K", + "58.2 W/m-K", + "27.0 W/m-K", + "42.7 W/m-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Would you expect NiO to have the cesium chloride, sodium chloride, or zinc blende structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cesium chloride structure", + "sodium chloride structure", + "zinc blende structure", + "wurtzite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Silica refractory ceramics are often used for the containment of slags that are rich in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs below 10 nm grain size because grain boundaries act as dislocation sources", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size exceeds 100 nm due to the dominance of grain boundary sliding", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is a material constant that remains unchanged across different crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). What is the proeutectoid phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ledeburite", + "cementite", + "pearlite", + "ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are habit planes in the context of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Planes of maximum atomic density in the parent phase", + "The interface planes with minimum surface energy between parent and product phases", + "Crystallographic planes in the parent phase where the new phase preferentially forms", + "The most elastically compliant planes in the parent phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the definition of critical nucleation work?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the energy barrier for phase transformation initiation", + "the increment of free energy when forming a critical nucleus", + "the minimum interfacial energy required for stable nucleation", + "the work done against surface tension during nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The geometric shapes of macromolecular chains include which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Linear", + "Branched", + "Network", + "Crystalline" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that for carbon diffusion in γ-Fe, D0=2.0×10^(-5)m²/s, Q=1.4×10^5J/mol, gas constant R=8.314J/(mol·K), calculate the diffusion coefficient D at 1027°C.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.788×10^(-11) m²/s", + "1.327×10^(-11) m²/s", + "2.394×10^(-11) m²/s", + "9.576×10^(-11) m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is texture formed in crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture arises from variations in atomic packing density within crystal lattices", + "Texture forms when grain orientations deviate from a random distribution relative to a reference coordinate system", + "Texture is created by preferential alignment of dislocations during plastic deformation", + "Texture results from differences in surface energy between crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ferrite is a solid solution of carbon in what－Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α-Fe", + "γ-Fe", + "δ-Fe", + "ε-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the content of pearlite in the microstructure of an Fe-0.4%C alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50.55%", + "49.45%", + "44.44%", + "55.55%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An FCC crystal yields under a normal stress of 2MPa in the [123] direction. The activated slip system has been measured as (111)[101]. Determine the resolved shear stress τ that activates this slip system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.933 MPa", + "1.732 MPa", + "0.816 MPa", + "1.414 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The lattice constant of α-Fe is $a=0.28664\\mathrm{nm}.$ When two adjacent grains form a symmetric tilt boundary with a tilt angle of 1°, the spacing $D$ of the edge dislocations is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.183 nm", + "0.28664 nm", + "16.412 nm", + "28.664 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following alloy phase structures, the one with high melting point, high hardness, great brittleness, and simple crystal structure is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Topologically close-packed phase", + "Interstitial compound with complex lattice structure", + "Electron compound", + "Interstitial phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does grain size influence strength of a polycrystalline material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fine-grained materials exhibit higher strength due to increased dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "Coarse-grained materials are stronger because larger grains have fewer defects per unit volume", + "Grain size has negligible effect on strength as long as chemical composition remains constant", + "The Hall-Petch relationship reverses at nanoscale grain sizes due to grain boundary sliding dominance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal crystallizes and grows vertically, its interface is sometimes smooth and sometimes rough, growing alternately. Which of the following correctly describes the interface type?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interface remains smooth as it grows vertically with minimal surface energy", + "The interface alternates between smooth and rough due to periodic changes in undercooling", + "The interface is of the rough type due to continuous atomic attachment at multiple sites", + "The interface exhibits faceted growth with alternating smooth and rough regions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is pseudoeutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A metastable eutectic phase formed during rapid solidification", + "The eutectic structure obtained from an alloy of non-eutectic composition", + "A eutectic-like structure formed in hypereutectic alloys", + "An apparent eutectic point created by overlapping phase diagrams" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the structure of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An interstitial solid solution of carbon in γ-Fe, with a face-centered cubic structure", + "A substitutional solid solution of carbon in α-Fe, with a body-centered cubic structure", + "An interstitial solid solution of carbon in δ-Fe, with a body-centered cubic structure", + "A substitutional solid solution of carbon in γ-Fe, with a face-centered cubic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize a 0.20 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a normalizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At least 723°C (1333°F)", + "At least 727°C (1340°F)", + "At least 850°C (1560°F)", + "At least 905°C (1660°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a deformed material is reheated and undergoes recovery and recrystallization phenomena, the significant decrease in point defect concentration occurs during", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The annihilation of dislocations during polygonization", + "The nucleation of new strain-free grains", + "The migration of high-angle grain boundaries", + "The thermal activation of vacancy diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients for silver in copper are given at two temperatures: T(°C) = 650, D(m2/s) = 5.5 × 10^-16 and T(°C) = 900, D(m2/s) = 1.3 × 10^-13. What is the magnitude of D at 875°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.3 × 10^-13 m2/s", + "8.3 × 10^-14 m2/s", + "5.5 × 10^-16 m2/s", + "3.7 × 10^-14 m2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main types of silicate structures classified according to the spatial arrangement of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Linear, planar, cubic, and amorphous", + "Island, chain, sheet, and framework", + "Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary", + "Monomeric, dimeric, polymeric, and cross-linked" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture refers to the surface roughness of a material as measured by atomic force microscopy", + "Texture is the phenomenon where crystal planes and orientations in a crystal tend to align uniformly", + "Texture describes the periodic arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material", + "Texture is the result of plastic deformation causing random dislocation distributions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical rod of copper (E=110g P a, 16 × 10^{6} psi) having a yield strength of 240 MPa(35,000 psi) is to be subjected to a load of 6660N(1500 lb p). If the length of the rod is 380 mm(15.0 in.), what must be the diameter to allow an elongation of 0.50 mm(0.020 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.41 mm (0.21 in)", + "7.65 mm (0.30 in)", + "9.87 mm (0.39 in)", + "6.22 mm (0.24 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What changes occur in polymer texture when heated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating creates permanent texture changes by breaking covalent bonds in the backbone", + "Heating increases crystallinity by allowing polymer chains to align more orderly", + "Heating reduces viscosity but maintains original texture through crosslinking", + "Heating causes oriented polymers to disorient due to increased chain mobility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the density of GaAs is ${5.307\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}}$, the atomic weights of Ga and As are 69.72 and 74.92 respectively, and its crystal structure is cubic $\\mathbf{Z}\\mathbf{n}\\mathbf{S}$ type, the unit cell parameter of GaAs is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.5681 nm", + "0.5632 nm", + "0.5657 nm", + "0.5619 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation, assuming the volume free energy change per atom is ΔGB=200ΔT/Tc, in units of J/cm³, the critical transformation temperature Tc=1000K, strain energy ε=4J/cm³, coherent interface energy σ_coherent=4.0×10⁻⁶ J/cm², and incoherent interface energy σ_incoherent=4.0×10⁻⁵ J/cm², calculate the ratio of critical nucleation work ΔG_coherent* to ΔG_incoherent* when ΔT=50°C. The ratio is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.389×10⁻²", + "2.777×10⁻³", + "5.554×10⁻³", + "1.111×10⁻²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The yield strength of the Mg alloy is 180MPa, and E is 45GPa. Under the maximum load, what is the elongation per mm of this magnesium plate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0016", + "0.0025", + "0.006", + "0.004" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of freely moving electrons to the total number of valence electrons?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.915 × 10^-15", + "1.166 × 10^-14", + "5.830 × 10^-15", + "1.024 × 10^-13" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystal families are classified based on:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The relative lengths of the crystallographic axes and the angles between them", + "The number of higher-order axes (n>2) in the crystal structure", + "The type of Bravais lattice the crystal belongs to", + "The presence or absence of a center of symmetry in the unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The formation of nuclei in a homogeneous phase relying on conditions such as its own structural fluctuations and energy fluctuations", + "The spontaneous formation of crystalline nuclei at impurity sites or defects in a material", + "The nucleation process that occurs at constant temperature and pressure in an ideal solution", + "The initial stage of phase transformation where nucleation rate is solely determined by interfacial energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes up-hill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A special case of interstitial diffusion where smaller atoms move against concentration gradients", + "Occurs when temperature gradients overcome Fick's first law, causing reverse diffusion", + "Driven by the chemical potential gradient, solute diffuses from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration", + "Results from stress-induced lattice distortion creating preferential diffusion pathways" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of ZrO2 that is 8 in. long, 0.50 in. wide, and 0.25 in. thick and is resting on two supports 4 in. apart. When a force of 400 lb is applied, the specimen deflects 0.037 in. and breaks. The flexural strength is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "76,800 psi", + "38,400 psi", + "153,600 psi", + "19,200 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A screw dislocation with $b=a/2$ [10] moves on the (111) plane. If it encounters an obstacle during motion and undergoes cross-slip, the cross-slip system is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "From (111) to (112) plane", + "From (111) to (110) plane", + "From (111) to (100) plane", + "From (111) to (11 ) plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A parallel-plate capacitor using a dielectric material having an \\varepsilon_{r} of 2.5 has a plate spacing of 1 mm (0.04 in.). If another material having a dielectric constant of 4.0 is used and the capacitance is to be unchanged, what must be the new spacing between the plates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.625 mm", + "1.6 mm", + "2.5 mm", + "4.0 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a metallic bond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The directional bonding formed by overlapping d-orbitals in transition metals", + "The covalent sharing of valence electrons between adjacent metal atoms", + "The bonding force generated by the electrostatic interaction between free electrons and atomic nuclei", + "The secondary bonding caused by temporary dipole moments in metal lattices" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, if the direction of the dislocation line is [112] and the Burgers vector is $b=a$ [110], what type of dislocation is this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge dislocation (dislocation line ⊥ Burgers vector)", + "Screw dislocation (dislocation line ∥ Burgers vector)", + "Mixed dislocation (angle between vectors is 60°)", + "Partial dislocation (Burgers vector magnitude < a)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How are special property steels further classified?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "high-strength steel, tool steel, and structural steel", + "stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, and wear-resistant steel", + "ferritic steel, austenitic steel, and martensitic steel", + "carbon steel, alloy steel, and microalloyed steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics and mechanisms of grain refinement strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain refinement strengthening: It is caused by the increase in the number of grains and the decrease in their size, which increases the resistance to continuous dislocation slip, leading to strengthening. At the same time, the dispersion of slip also enhances plasticity. This strengthening mechanism is the only one that can simultaneously increase both strength and plasticity.", + "Grain refinement strengthening occurs solely due to the reduction in grain boundary area, which decreases dislocation nucleation sites. This mechanism primarily enhances strength but inevitably reduces ductility according to the classical Hall-Petch relationship.", + "The strengthening effect arises from grain boundary sliding becoming the dominant deformation mechanism at nanoscale grain sizes. This unique mechanism allows simultaneous increases in both yield strength and strain hardening rate.", + "Grain refinement strengthening works by increasing the elastic modulus of individual grains through quantum confinement effects. The smaller grain size leads to higher stiffness, which directly translates to greater strength while maintaining ductility." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the type and structural characteristics of the alloy phase Fe3C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe3C is an interstitial solid solution with face-centered cubic structure where carbon fills tetrahedral voids", + "Fe3C is a simple substitutional solid solution with cubic structure where carbon randomly replaces iron atoms", + "Fe3C is an intermetallic compound with hexagonal close-packed structure and stoichiometric 3:1 Fe-C ratio", + "Fe3C is a complex lattice interstitial compound with orthorhombic structure where carbon occupies octahedral sites in an iron matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Si alloy contains 15% primary β and 85% eutectic microconstituent. What is the composition of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18.3% Si", + "12.6% Si", + "25.71% Si", + "30.5% Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between slip and twinning in terms of deformation modes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip involves dislocation motion while twinning occurs through coordinated atomic shuffles", + "Slip requires thermal activation energy while twinning is purely stress-driven", + "Slip preserves the crystal structure while twinning alters the unit cell symmetry", + "Slip occurs along specific crystallographic planes while twinning creates a mirror-image lattice orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stored elastic strain energy in the crystal lattice", + "The reduction in dislocation density during annealing", + "The difference in internal energy between the strained and unstrained material", + "The thermodynamic instability of deformed grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes reaction sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reaction sintering refers to the sintering process where pre-reacted ceramic powders are consolidated without any further chemical changes.", + "Reaction sintering involves the simultaneous compaction and chemical reaction of powder mixtures to form a dense ceramic without external pressure.", + "Reaction sintering is a process in which ceramic powders of various compounds are pressed into shape and then subjected to special chemical treatment during sintering to obtain ceramics.", + "Reaction sintering is a technique where ceramic powders are sintered under reactive gas atmospheres to prevent oxidation during densification." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the special role of alloying elements (such as Cr, Si, Al, etc.) in improving the thermal stability of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of dense protective oxide films at high temperatures", + "Increasing the dislocation density to enhance creep resistance", + "Reducing the thermal expansion coefficient through atomic substitution", + "Creating nanoscale precipitates that block grain boundary diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one similarity between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both processes require quenching from the solution treatment temperature", + "Both rely on the formation of second-phase particles that impede dislocation motion", + "Both mechanisms primarily increase the elastic modulus of the material", + "Both are most effective when the particle-matrix interface is coherent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a single crystal aluminum rod with a diameter of $5mm$ starts to slip when a tensile force of 40N is applied along the rod axis [123], what is the critical resolved shear stress of aluminum during slipping?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.56MPa", + "1.23MPa", + "2.04MPa", + "0.95MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that contains 105kg of iron, 0.2 kg of carbon, and 1.0kg of chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe: 99.11 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.70 wt%", + "Fe: 98.87 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.94 wt%", + "Fe: 98.87 wt%, C: 0.20 wt%, Cr: 0.93 wt%", + "Fe: 99.06 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.75 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential difference between recrystallization and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both processes are identical, but secondary recrystallization occurs at higher temperatures due to additional stored energy from prior deformation", + "Recrystallization involves both nucleation and growth, while secondary recrystallization is primarily grain boundary migration driven by surface energy minimization", + "Recrystallization reduces dislocation density, while secondary recrystallization increases it through abnormal grain growth mechanisms", + "The key difference lies in the crystallographic texture: recrystallization randomizes texture while secondary recrystallization enhances it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion data of hydrogen in face-centered cubic iron as D_Ni = 0.0063 exp(-10300 × 4.18 / RT) cm²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1000°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.1×10^-6 cm²/s", + "1.2×10^-4 cm²/s", + "6.3×10^-3 cm²/s", + "3.6×10^-5 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystallographic characteristics of martensitic transformation are manifested as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "complete loss of crystallinity", + "random atomic rearrangement", + "isotropic lattice expansion", + "strict orientation relationship" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the machinability of HT150 and annealed 20 steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has better machinability due to its higher graphite content improving chip formation", + "Annealed 20 steel is superior because its lower carbon content reduces tool wear", + "Both materials show similar machinability as they have comparable hardness after heat treatment", + "20 steel is better because its higher tensile strength leads to cleaner cutting surfaces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main solder systems that can replace lead-containing solders?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Zn, Sn-Bi, and Sn-In systems", + "Sn-Cu, Sn-Ag, Sn-Zn, and Sn-Pb systems", + "Sn-Ag, Sn-Cu, Sn-Bi, and Sn-Sb systems", + "Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Zn-Bi, Sn-In, and Sn-Pb systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms on the properties of metallic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Forms Cottrell atmospheres leading to yield phenomena and strain aging", + "Increases dislocation mobility by reducing Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "Enhances electrical conductivity through electron scattering reduction", + "Creates Guinier-Preston zones that improve corrosion resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a Cu-Zn alloy solidifies, one portion of the structure contains 25 atomic percent zinc and another portion 0.025mm away contains 20 atomic percent zinc. The lattice parameter for the FCC alloy is 3.63 x 10^-8 cm. Determine the concentration gradient in (a) atomic percent Zn per cm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-5.0 at% Zn/mm", + "-2.0 at% Zn/μm", + "-2000 at% Zn/cm", + "-500 at% Zn/cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution is ferrite formed by carbon in α-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intermetallic", + "Substitutional", + "Interstitial", + "Eutectic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of a sample of HCP beryllium is 1.844 g/cm³ and the lattice parameters are a₀=0.22858 nm and c₀=0.35842 nm. The fraction of the lattice points that contain vacancies is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0004", + "0.0024", + "0.0016", + "0.0008" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'sublattice'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A secondary lattice structure formed by defects in a crystalline material", + "The respective Bravais lattices occupied by the constituent atoms in an ordered solid solution", + "The reciprocal lattice representation of a crystal's diffraction pattern", + "A partial lattice formed during intermediate stages of crystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Mg-Zn be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements have similar electronegativities", + "No, due to exceeding the 15% atomic size difference limit", + "Yes, since both are HCP metals with compatible crystal structures", + "No, because Zn has a higher valence electron concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, how does vibration crystallization refine the grain size of castings?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vibration increases nucleation sites by promoting heterogeneous nucleation at impurities", + "Mechanical vibration disrupts dendrite growth by introducing dislocations at grain boundaries", + "Acoustic waves from vibration reduce surface tension at the solid-liquid interface", + "Periodic stress fields from vibration prevent solute segregation during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the composition and amount of each phase present at 720 degrees C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "alpha: 0.77% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%", + "alpha: 0.0218% C, 87%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 13%", + "gamma: 0.77% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%", + "alpha: 0.0218% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the surface of a single crystal copper is the {111} crystal plane, assuming that the crystal can slip on various slip systems, what is the possible morphology of slip lines on the surface (the orientation of slip lines and the angles between them)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel slip lines only, as all {111}<110> slip systems project similarly", + "Slip lines are <112> directions, forming 30° or 90° angles between them", + "Slip lines are <123> directions with variable angles depending on stress axis", + "Slip lines are <110> directions, forming 60° or 120° angles between them" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical ingot structure usually consists of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isotropic polycrystalline region", + "Columnar crystal zone", + "Single crystal nucleation layer", + "Amorphous surface layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for boron carbide (B4C) having 5 vol% porosity is 290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi). What is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "304 GPa (44.1 x 10^6 psi)", + "320 GPa (46.3 x 10^6 psi)", + "290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi)", + "275 GPa (40 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymer that contains internal flaws 1mm in length fails at a stress of 25 MPa. Assuming that f=1, what is the plane strain fracture toughness of the polymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.25 MPa√m", + "0.99 MPa√m", + "25 MPa·mm^1/2", + "0.44 MPa√m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does metal slip occur on the closest-packed planes and directions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The highest atomic density planes require the least energy for dislocation nucleation", + "The electrostatic repulsion between slip planes is minimized in close-packed directions", + "The Burgers vector length is shortest in close-packed directions, reducing strain energy", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress reaches its minimum value on close-packed planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Tin atoms are introduced into a FCC copper crystal, producing an alloy with a lattice parameter of 3.7589 × 10^{-8} cm and a density of 8.772g / {cm}^{3}. What is the atomic percentage of tin present in the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.56%", + "9.87%", + "13.42%", + "11.95%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is the energy condition for the following dislocation reaction satisfied? Where: b1=a/2[110], b2=a/6[12¯1], b3=a/6[211]", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy condition is satisfied and the dislocation reaction can proceed", + "The energy condition is not satisfied due to incompatible Burgers vectors", + "The reaction is energetically unfavorable because b2 and b3 have different magnitudes", + "The reaction violates the elastic energy conservation principle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one important difference between continuous cooling transformation diagrams for plain carbon and alloy steels regarding the presence of a bainite nose?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Plain carbon steels show a bainite nose at higher cooling rates, whereas alloy steels never form bainite", + "Alloy steels exhibit a bainite nose due to their slower diffusion rates, while plain carbon steels lack this feature", + "The bainite nose appears at identical positions for both steel types but requires different alloying elements to activate", + "Both steel types display bainite noses, but alloy steels require isothermal holding to reveal it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes hot pressing sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hot pressing sintering involves melting metal powders in a vacuum chamber and then pressing them into shape under controlled cooling rates.", + "Hot pressing sintering is a method that uses ceramic powders of various compounds as raw materials, adds a small amount of additives, loads them into graphite molds, and sinters and forms under high temperature and high pressure.", + "Hot pressing sintering is a room-temperature process where ceramic powders are compressed under ultra-high pressure without any heating.", + "Hot pressing sintering refers to the laser-assisted sintering of polymer composites where localized heating and pressure are applied simultaneously." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do point defects (such as interstitial atoms or substitutional atoms) and line defects (such as dislocations) interact?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Point defects pin dislocations through electrostatic interactions between charged defect centers", + "Dislocations act as fast diffusion paths for point defects, causing them to accumulate at dislocation cores", + "The stress fields of dislocations create preferential sites for point defects to occupy based on atomic size mismatch", + "Point defects aggregate at dislocations to minimize the system's strain energy by reducing the elastic strain fields of both defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that shows the full symmetry of the crystal structure", + "The unit cell is the most basic unit that constitutes a crystal lattice", + "The unit cell is a theoretical construct used to simplify diffraction pattern calculations", + "The unit cell is the smallest volume element that contains all structural information of a crystal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A sheet of steel 5.0-mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 900°C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 1.85 × 10^{-10} m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.0 × 10^{-7} kg/m²·s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 2 kg/m³. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 0.5 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.70 mm", + "1.39 mm", + "2.78 mm", + "4.63 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of an FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10 cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. The critical resolved shear stress is known to be 0.1 kgf/mm², and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215]. Which of the following is the initial slip system (specific indices are required)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[110]", + "(111)[101]", + "(111)[011]", + "(111)[112]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a modifier?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An element added to alloys to increase their elastic modulus by forming secondary phases", + "A substance that can change the phase composition, phase morphology, or grain size of an alloy's as-cast structure by adding a small amount, thereby altering the properties of the cast alloy", + "A processing technique used to refine grain structure through rapid solidification", + "A dopant that modifies the electronic structure of semiconductors by introducing energy levels in the band gap" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the bolts on the gear hobbing machine were mistakenly made of T12 steel instead of 45 steel and the quenching process for 45 steel was still applied, what microstructure and properties will be obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite and ferrite mixture with moderate strength", + "Fully martensitic structure with uniform high hardness", + "Martensite with retained austenite and carbides, leading to non-uniform hardness", + "Bainitic structure with good toughness but insufficient hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, the lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.44 Å", + "3.52 Å", + "4.17 Å", + "4.02 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can you distinguish between 45 steel and HT150 metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Observing the color difference in fracture surfaces under UV light", + "Measuring the Vickers hardness at identical indentation loads", + "Comparing the fracture surface roughness with profilometry", + "Analyzing the acoustic emission frequency during fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal having a cubic structure has a density of 2.6g/cm³, an atomic weight of 87.62g/mol, and a lattice parameter of 6.0849 Å. One atom is associated with each lattice point. Determine the crystal structure of the metal from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "hcp", + "bcc", + "fcc", + "simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the solidification theory, which of the following describes the characteristics of a typical ingot structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The typical ingot structure shows coarse equiaxed crystals in the outer layer and fine columnar crystals in the center", + "The typical ingot structure consists of uniformly distributed columnar crystals throughout, with no distinct zoning pattern", + "The typical ingot structure features fine equiaxed crystals in the outer layer, columnar crystals extending inward from the surface, and coarse equiaxed crystals in the center", + "The typical ingot structure exhibits alternating layers of fine and coarse equiaxed crystals due to periodic cooling rate variations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Germanium to which 5 × 10^22 m^-3 Sb atoms have been added is an extrinsic semiconductor at room temperature, and virtually all the Sb atoms may be thought of as being ionized (i.e., one charge carrier exists for each Sb atom). The electrical conductivity of this material, assuming electron and hole mobilities of 0.1 and 0.05 m^2/V-s, respectively, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "400 (Ω·m)^-1", + "800 (Ω·m)^-1", + "1600 (Ω·m)^-1", + "200 (Ω·m)^-1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can the lever rule be used to analyze the relative content of each phase in the horizontal section of a ternary equilibrium phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lever rule is applicable due to the constant chemical potential gradient across phases", + "The lever rule can be used because the ternary system reduces to a binary system on the horizontal section", + "The lever rule applies because the composition of each phase is fixed at a given temperature on the horizontal section", + "The lever rule works because the horizontal section represents an isothermal plane where Gibbs phase rule allows phase fraction calculation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the structural characteristics of chain silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chain silicates consist of [SiO4] tetrahedra sharing 2 or 3 oxygen atoms, forming single chains ([Si2O6]4-) or double chains ([Si4O11]6-) with Si:O ratios of 1:3 and 4:11 respectively", + "Chain silicates are built from [SiO4] tetrahedra sharing all 4 oxygen atoms, creating infinite chains with a fixed Si:O ratio of 1:4", + "Chain silicates feature alternating [SiO4] and [AlO4] tetrahedra sharing 3 oxygen atoms, resulting in a variable Si:O ratio between 1:2.5 and 1:3", + "Chain silicates contain isolated [SiO4] tetrahedra linked by metal cations, maintaining a strict 1:4 Si:O ratio throughout the structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficient for aluminum in silicon is D_{\\mathrm{Al}} in_{\\mathrm{Si}}=3 × 10^{-16} cm^{2} / s at 300 K (note that 300 K is about room temperature). What is a reasonable value for D_{\\mathrm{Al} \\text { in } \\mathrm{Si}} at 600 K? Note: Rather than performing a specific calculation, you should be able to justify your answer from the options below based on the mathematical temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient decreases exponentially with temperature due to increased atomic vibrations impeding diffusion", + "D_Al in Si remains constant because the activation energy for diffusion becomes negligible above 500K", + "D_Al in Si increases linearly with temperature, reaching exactly 6 × 10^-16 cm²/s at 600K", + "D_Al in Si follows an Arrhenius relationship, resulting in a value significantly higher than 6 × 10^-16 cm²/s at 600K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of octahedral void number to O2- number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1:1", + "2:1", + "1:2", + "4:1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which electron subshell is being filled for the actinide series?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4f subshell", + "6d subshell", + "7s subshell", + "5f subshell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: When the grain size of annealed pure iron is 16 per mm², the yield strength σₛ = 100 N/mm²; when the grain size is 4096 per mm², σₛ = 250 N/mm². Find the value of yield strength σₛ when the grain size is 256 per mm².", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "150 N/mm²", + "175 N/mm²", + "200 N/mm²", + "125 N/mm²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the contact lens thickness likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to the product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because thicker lenses have greater surface area for oxygen adsorption", + "Yes, because increased thickness provides more diffusion pathways through the polymer matrix", + "No, because increasing thickness decreases the concentration gradient driving diffusion", + "No, because thicker lenses increase the diffusion path length while keeping flux constant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the thermodynamic conditions of crystallization phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ΔS>0 at the melting temperature Tm", + "ΔH<0 at constant pressure, indicating exothermic crystallization", + "ΔG<0 with ΔT>0, where ΔT is the undercooling below Tm", + "dG/dT=0 at the equilibrium melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "FCC crystal, pure bending occurs on the (110) plane around the [001] axis, what kind of dislocations will form (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[001]/2", + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[111], Burgers vector=a[110]/2", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[110]/2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the resistance (shear stress) that dislocation slip needs to overcome is 9.8×10^5 Pa for copper, the shear modulus G of copper is 4×10^10 Pa, and the lattice constant is 0.55 nm. How thick is the low-dislocation-density layer on the surface of copper? It is known that copper has a face-centered cubic structure, and the Burgers vector length is 0.36/√2 nm = 0.255 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.24×10^-6 m", + "4.14×10^-7 m", + "8.28×10^-7 m", + "2.07×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The nitriding temperature of steel is generally chosen to be close to but slightly below the eutectoid temperature of the Fe-N system (590°C), why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient in α-Fe is higher than that in γ-Fe", + "To avoid the formation of brittle γ'-Fe4N phase", + "The solubility of nitrogen is maximized in the α-Fe phase", + "To maintain the steel's hardness by preventing austenite formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that CaCl2 is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Cl substitutes for O2-, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form and how many of the vacancies are created for every Cl- added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "oxygen vacancies; one vacancy per two Cl- ions", + "calcium vacancies; one vacancy per Cl- ion", + "oxygen vacancies; two vacancies per Cl- ion", + "calcium vacancies; one vacancy per two Cl- ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Fe_xO, Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}=0.1, what is the value of x in Fe_xO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.9565", + "0.9478", + "0.9652", + "0.9357" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation occurs through nucleation and growth mechanisms with significant composition changes, following Fick's laws of diffusion.", + "Martensitic transformation involves long-range atomic diffusion and results in equiaxed grain structures, similar to recrystallization processes.", + "Martensitic transformation is a diffusionless, shear-type phase transformation that occurs in both pure metals and alloys, and is controlled by interface processes.", + "Martensitic transformation is exclusively a bulk diffusion-controlled process that requires high temperature thermal activation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the chief difference between heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The difference lies in their crystal structure: heat-treatable alloys are primarily BCC while non-heat-treatable are FCC", + "Non-heat-treatable alloys contain alloying elements that form stable compounds, preventing phase transformations upon heating", + "Heat-treatable alloys have higher melting points than non-heat-treatable alloys due to their complex microstructure", + "Heat-treatable alloys can undergo precipitation hardening or martensitic transformation, while non-heat-treatable alloys rely solely on cold working for strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How are continuous fibers typically oriented in fibrous composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Randomly oriented for isotropic properties", + "Partially oriented to optimize fracture toughness", + "Aligned along the principal stress direction", + "Orthogonally layered for through-thickness reinforcement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term stoichiometric?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stoichiometric describes compounds where the sum of ionic radii matches the unit cell dimensions", + "Stoichiometric refers to materials with perfect crystalline structure without any defects", + "Stoichiometric means having exactly the ratio of anions to cations as specified by the chemical formula for the compound", + "Stoichiometric indicates materials that exhibit both ionic and covalent bonding characteristics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The lattice constant of a copper crystal is $a=0.362\\mathrm{nm},$ the density is $\\rho=8.98~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3},$ and the relative atomic mass is 63.55. Determine the crystal structure of copper from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "body-centered cubic structure", + "face-centered cubic structure", + "hexagonal close-packed structure", + "diamond cubic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Plastic deformation of metal polycrystals requires at least how many independent slip systems to be activated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "six", + "four", + "five", + "three" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The formation of nuclei in a homogeneous liquid phase through conditions such as structural fluctuations and energy fluctuations is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "heterogeneous nucleation", + "homogeneous nucleation", + "spinodal decomposition", + "Ostwald ripening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By what mechanism do metal materials conduct heat?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal radiation emitted by excited atoms at the surface", + "Lattice vibrations (phonons) propagating through the crystal structure", + "Combination of electron and phonon contributions with equal importance", + "Free electron movement transferring kinetic energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basic principle of grain refinement by adding a modifier?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The modifier increases the viscosity of the melt, slowing down grain growth kinetics", + "The modifier forms coherent interfaces with low interfacial energy, enabling heterogeneous nucleation", + "The modifier reacts with impurities to reduce nucleation barriers in the bulk liquid", + "The modifier alters the solid-liquid interface curvature to promote equiaxed growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In MgS, the unit cell parameter a=0.5201 nm, and the anions are in contact with each other. What is the radius of S2-?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.260 nm", + "0.184 nm", + "0.177 nm", + "0.368 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which has the higher modulus of elasticity, MgO or magnesium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both have similar moduli because they share the same base element", + "Magnesium due to its metallic bonding and higher ductility", + "MgO due to its strong ionic bonding and high melting point", + "Magnesium when measured at cryogenic temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the methods of polymer alloying?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polymer alloying methods are strictly limited to physical blending techniques like melt mixing and solution casting", + "Chemical copolymerization is the only effective method for creating polymer alloys with stable phase structures", + "The preparation methods of polymer alloys can be divided into physical methods and chemical methods, with melt blending being the most common physical method", + "Interpenetrating polymer networks are considered a physical blending method due to their mechanical entanglement nature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does pure metal grow in a planar manner during solidification under a positive temperature gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Latent heat release automatically stabilizes the solid-liquid interface geometry", + "Surface tension forces dominate at the atomic scale to maintain planar growth", + "The positive temperature gradient creates a thermodynamic barrier to dendritic formation", + "The protrusion into superheated liquid experiences higher melting rate due to thermal conductivity differences" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade W6Mo5Cr4V2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a high-speed steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, where carbon content is implied but not specified", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a tool steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, but no carbon content", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a stainless steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, similar to 316L but with tungsten", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a high-speed steel with 0.85% C, 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, what are the basic approaches to refining grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increasing cooling rate, adding alloying elements, and electromagnetic stirring", + "increasing undercooling, adding nucleating agents, and vibration crystallization", + "decreasing nucleation barrier, applying ultrasonic treatment, and thermal cycling", + "controlling solidification front velocity, introducing grain refiners, and mechanical agitation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following alloy tool steels has the best comprehensive mechanical properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr12", + "9SiCr", + "5CrMnMo", + "W18Cr4V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic weight considers electron binding energy contributions, while atomic mass only accounts for nucleons", + "Atomic mass is measured in unified atomic mass units (u), whereas atomic weight is dimensionless", + "Atomic mass refers to the mass of a single atom, while atomic weight is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes based on their natural abundance", + "Atomic mass is used for individual isotopes, while atomic weight applies to pure elements only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods to prevent secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increase cooling rate during solidification", + "control sintering temperature", + "apply external magnetic field during annealing", + "use single crystal precursor materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which is the most closely packed plane of a body-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "111", + "110", + "100", + "112" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can Al3+ partially replace Si4+ in the silicon-oxygen framework in silicate crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al3+ and Si4+ have identical ionic radii allowing direct substitution", + "The [AlO4]5- tetrahedron has the same charge as [SiO4]4- units", + "Al3+ forms [AlO4]5- tetrahedra with oxygen and follows Pauling's rules for partial substitution", + "Aluminum and silicon have identical electronegativity values enabling complete substitution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Shape memory alloy components undergo plastic deformation in the (1) state and recover their original shape after (2).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress is reached when the Burgers vector aligns with the slip direction", + "Dislocation motion initiates when the applied stress exceeds the theoretical shear strength of the perfect crystal", + "Plastic deformation begins when the Schmid factor reaches its maximum value of 0.5", + "Yield occurs when the stress component normal to the slip plane reaches a critical value" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the ambient temperature likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because higher temperature would decrease oxygen solubility in the cornea tissue according to Henry's law", + "Yes, because higher temperature increases oxygen diffusivity through the Arrhenius relationship", + "Only if the temperature increase is accompanied by higher humidity to prevent corneal dehydration", + "No, because the diffusion area would decrease due to thermal expansion of corneal proteins" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Carbon atoms take 10 hours to diffuse into the surface of pure iron material at ${800}^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ to a depth of $0.1\\mathfrak{c m}$. The time required to achieve the same carbon depth at $900^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is: (The diffusion activation energy of carbon atoms in fcc iron is $137520\\mathrm{J/mol}$.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.4 hr", + "2.7 hr", + "1.35 hr", + "10.8 hr" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of diffusionless phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation involves atomic diffusion over long distances, resulting in composition gradients between phases", + "There is a shape change caused by uniform shear, with coordinated atomic motion preserving chemical composition", + "The process requires thermal activation to overcome an energy barrier, following Arrhenius kinetics", + "The new phase forms by nucleation and growth, with interface mobility controlled by solute drag effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basic condition expressed by the first law of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "J=-D(dc/dx)", + "dc/dt=0", + "∂c/∂t=D(∂²c/∂x²)", + "ΔG=0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The bolts on the gear hobbing machine should have been made of 45 steel, but T12 steel was mistakenly used, and the annealing process for 45 steel was followed. What structure and performance will be obtained in this case?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lamellar pearlite with spheroidal carbides, resulting in improved machinability but reduced wear resistance", + "Fully spheroidized pearlite, providing optimal toughness for bolt applications", + "Lamellar pearlite and networked carbides, leading to potential quenching cracks", + "Martensitic structure due to insufficient annealing temperature, causing brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electrons that occupy the outermost filled shell are called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "conduction electrons", + "valence electrons", + "core electrons", + "hybridized electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the mass fraction of cementite in pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.11", + "0.25", + "0.33", + "0.89" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared with pure iron, how do the strength and hardness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Same as pure iron", + "Lower", + "Higher", + "Depends on carbon content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Use the phase rule to explain why a ternary alloy can exhibit four-phase equilibrium:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Four-phase equilibrium occurs when the chemical potential gradients balance out, independent of the phase rule constraints", + "Ternary alloys can exhibit four-phase equilibrium because the Gibbs phase rule is modified to f=c-p+3 for metallic systems", + "The phase rule allows for four-phase equilibrium when the degrees of freedom (f) reach zero in a ternary system (c=3), satisfying f=c-p+2 with p=4", + "This is only possible under non-equilibrium conditions where the phase rule doesn't apply" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The imperfect dislocation caused by inserting or removing a close-packed plane is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shockley", + "Frank", + "Stair-rod", + "Lomer-Cottrell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "同质多晶现象是指", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a single crystal can simultaneously exhibit multiple lattice structures due to quantum fluctuations", + "different chemical compositions can form identical crystal structures under specific processing conditions", + "chemical substances with the same composition form crystals with different structures under different thermodynamic conditions", + "the phenomenon where impurities induce structural transitions while maintaining the same space group" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The steady-state diffusion flux through a metal plate is 5.4 × 10^{-10} kg/m^{2}-s at a temperature of 727°C (1000 K) and when the concentration gradient is -350 kg/m^{4}. Calculate the diffusion flux at 1027°C (1300 K) for the same concentration gradient and assuming an activation energy for diffusion of 125,000 J/mol. The diffusion flux at 1027°C (1300 K) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.21 × 10^{-9} kg/m^{2}-s", + "5.4 × 10^{-10} kg/m^{2}-s", + "1.74 × 10^{-8} kg/m^{2}-s", + "9.87 × 10^{-7} kg/m^{2}-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold plastic deformation, the plasticity and toughness of metal:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Remain unchanged as plastic deformation only affects elastic properties", + "Increase as strain hardening improves atomic bonding strength", + "Decrease due to dislocation entanglement and increased defect density", + "First increase then decrease due to competing effects of dislocation multiplication and annihilation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Meissner effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of Cooper pairs leading to zero electrical resistance", + "Partial magnetic flux penetration accompanied by reduced resistivity in type-II superconductors", + "Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility reversal at the Curie point", + "Complete expulsion of magnetic fields below Tc due to perfect diamagnetism in the superconducting state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The volume change rate during the γ-Fe→α-Fe transformation (given the lattice constant of γ-Fe α=0.3633nm, and the lattice constant of α-Fe α=0.2892nm) is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.128", + "0.886", + "0.796", + "1.254" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a pre-annealed metal polycrystal, the true stress-strain curve in the plastic region can be approximately expressed as ∇σ_T= kε_T^n, where k and n are empirical constants, referred to as the strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent, respectively. If there are two materials, A and B, with roughly equal k values, but n_A=0.5 and n_B=0.2, which one has a higher dislocation density at the same plastic strain, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Material A, because higher n indicates more efficient dislocation storage", + "Material B, because lower n indicates faster dislocation accumulation", + "Both have equal dislocation density since k values are equal", + "Cannot determine without knowing the initial dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What is the magnetic permeability for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.260 x 10^-3 T·m/A", + "1.260 x 10^-6 T·m/A", + "1.260 x 10^-3 H/m", + "1.260 x 10^-6 H/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the general properties of glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Its viscosity follows Arrhenius temperature dependence at all temperatures", + "It exhibits a sharp melting point like crystalline materials", + "The transformation process is reversible and gradual", + "The glass transition temperature is a material constant independent of cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于同质异构体的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical compositions are the same but form different crystal structures due to different thermodynamic conditions", + "Different chemical compositions that form identical crystal structures under the same processing conditions", + "Materials with identical crystal structures but different chemical compositions due to alloying effects", + "Materials that transform between different crystal structures without any change in temperature or pressure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the atomic arrangement and bonding in ordered alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic arrangement is determined by the ratio of covalent to metallic bond character, with higher covalent character leading to more ordered structures", + "Ordered arrangements occur when the enthalpy of mixing is positive, favoring solute-solvent interactions over like-atom interactions", + "The greater the bonding energy between dissimilar atoms, the more likely they are to form disordered solid solutions", + "Atomic ordering requires the solute atoms to have larger radii than the solvent atoms to create lattice strain fields" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of translucent materials in terms of their appearance and light transmittance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Translucent materials completely absorb all visible light wavelengths above their absorption edge, only transmitting wavelengths below this threshold.", + "Translucent materials exhibit specular transmission with minimal scattering, allowing clear image formation similar to transparent materials but with reduced intensity.", + "The degree of translucency is primarily determined by the material's bandgap energy, with wider bandgaps resulting in higher translucency.", + "Light is transmitted diffusely through translucent materials (there is some internal light scattering). Objects are not clearly distinguishable when viewed through a translucent material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A bubble with a radius of $5\\times10^{-8}\\mathrm{m}$ forms at a depth of $20\\mathrm{cm}$ in a quartz glass melt. The melt density is $2200\\mathrm{kg/m}^{3}$, the surface tension is $0.29\\mathrm{N/m}$, and the atmospheric pressure is $1.01\\times10^{5}\\mathrm{Pa}$. What is the minimum internal pressure required to form this bubble?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.17 × 10^5 Pa", + "117.04 × 10^5 Pa", + "29.4 × 10^5 Pa", + "220.8 × 10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under non-equilibrium crystallization conditions, which of the following statements is correct regarding the formation of divorced eutectic structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Divorced eutectics form more easily in hypereutectic alloys due to primary phase nucleation barriers", + "Alloys near the eutectic point show higher divorced eutectic tendency due to constitutional undercooling", + "The divorced eutectic formation is primarily controlled by the cooling rate rather than composition position", + "The divorced eutectic morphology results from insufficient diffusion time for solute partitioning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the common method to refine grains in casting process (the first method)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase the cooling rate", + "Add grain refiners (e.g., TiB2)", + "Apply mechanical vibration during solidification", + "Use directional solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Tf of the glass phase in ceramics is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "viscous flow temperature", + "glass transition temperature", + "melting point of crystalline phase", + "sintering onset temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When foreign components enter the crystal structure, occupying part of the host crystal phase's lattice sites or interstitial positions, while still maintaining a single crystal phase, such a crystal is called a solid solution.", + "A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals where the secondary component forms distinct crystalline regions within the primary matrix.", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid quenching that exhibits composition gradients across grain boundaries.", + "Any polycrystalline material containing solute atoms segregated at dislocations or grain boundaries." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does constitutional supercooling have on crystal growth morphology?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Constitutional supercooling promotes planar growth by stabilizing the solid-liquid interface", + "It causes solute segregation but has negligible effect on growth morphology", + "It leads to cellular or dendritic growth by creating localized undercooled regions ahead of the interface", + "Constitutional supercooling only affects growth rate, not morphology" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the influencing factors of the glass transition temperature of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Molecular weight has a direct proportionality effect on glass transition temperature above the critical entanglement molecular weight", + "Crystallinity percentage is the dominant factor, with glass transition temperature increasing linearly with crystallinity", + "Crosslinking density shows an inverse square relationship with glass transition temperature in all polymer systems", + "Chain flexibility and intermolecular forces are the primary determinants, with plasticizers having negligible effect below 5% concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vacancy formation energy of aluminum is 0.76 eV/vacancy, and the lattice constant of aluminum at 25°C is 0.405 nm, at what temperature will the vacancy concentration in aluminum be 1000 times that at 25°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "298K", + "434K", + "527K", + "362K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The minimum recrystallization temperature of iron is estimated to be:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.4 × melting point (615 K)", + "723 K", + "0.6 × melting point (923 K)", + "Iron's Curie temperature (1043 K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the crystal growth morphology related to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation density", + "Bulk modulus", + "Surface energy anisotropy", + "Interface structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in orientation relationship between growth during recrystallization and growth during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both processes maintain Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationships with their parent phases", + "Recrystallization growth maintains a strict Burgers orientation relationship, while solidification growth has random orientation", + "Solidification growth follows a specific orientation relationship due to dendritic growth patterns, while recrystallization is random", + "Recrystallization shows no orientation relationship due to strain-induced boundary migration, while solidification maintains cube-on-cube orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The property of polymers that allows them to change conformation is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Viscoelasticity", + "Flexibility", + "Conformational Entropy", + "Tacticity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An organic compound has the composition w_C=62.1%, w_H=10.3%, w_O=27.6%. What is the possible name of the compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "C₃H₈O (propanol)", + "C₂H₅OH (ethanol)", + "CH₃COOH (acetic acid)", + "CH₃COCH₃ (acetone)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the ion O2-?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6", + "1s2 2s2 2p4", + "1s2 2s2 2p5", + "1s2 2s2 2p4 3s2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the process of injection molding used to form plastic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The plastic is first vulcanized under high pressure before being injected into the mold", + "The raw materials are impelled by a ram through a heating chamber, and finally into the die cavity", + "A rotating screw both melts and conveys the material forward into the mold cavity", + "The material is extruded through a die to form continuous profiles before being cut to length" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the types of material bonding affect the mechanical properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds generally result in higher hardness than covalent bonds due to their delocalized electron structure", + "Ionic bonded materials exhibit superior plasticity compared to metallic bonded materials because of their symmetrical crystal structure", + "Van der Waals bonding leads to higher elastic modulus than metallic bonding in crystalline materials", + "Covalent bonding typically produces materials with lower strength than molecular bonding due to weaker bond energies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the additional pressure on a curved surface and how is its sign determined?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The additional pressure follows the Young-Laplace equation but with inverted sign convention for concave/convex surfaces", + "The additional pressure is proportional to the elastic modulus of the material, with sign determined by the Poisson's ratio", + "The additional pressure is determined by surface tension and curvature, with positive sign for convex surfaces and negative for concave surfaces", + "The additional pressure depends solely on the contact angle of the liquid, with positive sign for θ<90° and negative for θ>90°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which two characteristics of the component ions determine the crystal structure of a ceramic compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The magnitude of the electrical charge on each ion and the relative sizes of the cations and anions", + "The electronegativity difference between ions and the coordination number of the compound", + "The ionic radii ratio and the thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent elements", + "The bond dissociation energy and the Pauling electronegativity values of the elements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of porous electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Opaque", + "Transparent", + "Translucent", + "Variable depending on pore size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Rubber is an excellent damping material and friction material due to its outstanding", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress in bcc metals", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient for nanocrystalline materials", + "The strain-rate sensitivity exponent (m-value) in superplastic deformation", + "The stacking fault energy in austenitic stainless steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ionic compound $\\mathbf{MgO}$, the cation most likely to replace $\\mathbf{Mg}^{2+}$ in the compound (given the radii (nm) of each cation: (${\\bf Mg}^{2+}$) 0.066, ($\\mathbb{C}a^{2+}$) 0.099, ($\\mathrm{Li^{+}}$) 0.066, ($\\mathbf{Fe}^{\\mathbf{2+}}$) 0.074) is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ca2+ due to its identical charge state and similar electronegativity", + "Li+ due to its identical ionic radius and lower charge density", + "Fe2+ due to its similar charge state and closest ionic radius", + "None of the above, as no cation can replace Mg2+ in MgO" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the thermodynamic theory of diffusion, the driving force of the diffusion process is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "chemical potential gradient", + "concentration gradient", + "temperature gradient", + "stress gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A process where abnormal grain growth occurs after primary recrystallization, driven by surface energy minimization in thin films", + "The formation of new strain-free grains through nucleation and growth after cold working, replacing deformed grains", + "A phenomenon where certain crystallographic orientations grow preferentially due to anisotropic grain boundary energies", + "The coarsening of precipitates during aging treatment through Ostwald ripening mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role of Cottrell atmosphere in strengthening metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cottrell atmosphere refers to the formation of solute-rich zones around screw dislocations in FCC metals, which increases the critical resolved shear stress required for plastic deformation.", + "Cottrell atmosphere: In BCC crystals (such as carbon steel), small-sized atoms like C and N preferentially distribute in the tensile stress region of edge dislocations, pinning the dislocations. To move the dislocations, they must be torn away from the pinning effect, requiring additional stress, thereby increasing the material's strength.", + "Cottrell atmosphere describes the clustering of vacancies around edge dislocations in HCP metals, creating a local stress field that impedes dislocation motion and enhances yield strength.", + "Cottrell atmosphere involves the segregation of large substitutional atoms to compressive stress regions of mixed dislocations in BCC metals, effectively increasing the Peierls-Nabarro stress." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The process in which a single solid phase simultaneously precipitates two new solid phases with different compositions and crystal structures is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "martensitic", + "peritectic", + "spinodal decomposition", + "eutectoid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the dissolution of another element in a pure metal (assuming no new phase is formed) cause changes in properties due to microstructural changes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strength increases due to lattice distortion, while ductility decreases due to hindered dislocation motion", + "Both strength and ductility increase as the solute atoms provide additional slip systems", + "The electrical conductivity improves due to electron scattering reduction at solute sites", + "Elastic modulus decreases significantly while maintaining the original yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'superstructure (superlattice)'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A secondary crystalline structure formed due to surface reconstruction in thin films", + "A complex lattice composed of the sublattices of each component in an ordered solid solution", + "A periodic arrangement of dislocations that creates a metastable lattice configuration", + "The dominant lattice structure that emerges when two materials form an incoherent interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the [0001] direction in a hexagonal crystal (in units of lattice constants a and c)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "L = c", + "L = √(a² + c²)", + "L = a", + "L = √(3)a + c" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the mass fraction of α ferrite in pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.82", + "0.93", + "0.77", + "0.89" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are amorphous polymers transparent, while predominantly crystalline polymers appear opaque or, at best, translucent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amorphous polymers have higher density which prevents light scattering", + "Crystalline regions absorb visible light wavelengths more strongly", + "Light scattering at crystalline-amorphous interfaces due to refractive index differences", + "Crystalline domains create charge separation that interacts with photons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the structural characteristics of island silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[Si04] shares 0 O2-, the shape is tetrahedral, the complex anion group is [Si04], and the Si:O ratio is 1:4", + "[Si04] shares 1 O2-, the shape is octahedral, the complex anion group is [Si06], and the Si:O ratio is 1:6", + "[Si04] shares 2 O2-, the shape is tetrahedral, the complex anion group is [Si04], and the Si:O ratio is 1:2", + "[Si04] shares 0 O2-, the shape is octahedral, the complex anion group is [Si06], and the Si:O ratio is 1:4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "a≠b≠c,α≠β≠γ crystals belong to the crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows decreased yield strength with finer grain size because of increased grain boundary sliding", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size where grain boundary diffusion dominates", + "The Hall-Petch relationship demonstrates linear proportionality between yield strength and the square root of grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of Cu element in aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primarily increases electrical conductivity while slightly reducing density", + "Forms intermetallic compounds that significantly increase hardness but reduce ductility", + "Enhances strength through solid solution and precipitation strengthening, while improving heat resistance", + "Acts as a grain refiner to improve toughness by preventing grain growth during heat treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The methods for strengthening metal materials include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Elastic modulus enhancement", + "Surface hardening", + "Phase transformation toughening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aluminum specimen, the dislocation density within the grains was measured to be 5×10^9/cm². Assuming all dislocations are concentrated on the subgrain boundaries; each subgrain has a regular hexagonal cross-section. The misorientation angle between subgrains is 5°, and if all dislocations are edge dislocations with b = a/2 [101], the magnitude of the Burgers vector is equal to 2×10^-10 m. What is the dislocation spacing on the subgrain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "46×10^-10 m", + "11.5×10^-10 m", + "23×10^-10 m", + "5.75×10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that CaO is added as an impurity to Li2O. If the Ca2+ substitutes for Li+, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form and how many vacancies are created for every Ca2+ added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lithium vacancies, one per Ca2+", + "Oxygen vacancies, two per Ca2+", + "Lithium interstitials, one per Ca2+", + "Schottky defect pairs (Li+ and O2- vacancies), one pair per Ca2+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The solubility of substitutional solid solutions is related to atomic size factor, electron concentration factor, and which of the following factors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "surface energy anisotropy", + "lattice vibration frequency", + "thermal expansion coefficient", + "electronegativity factor" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of deformation amount on metal properties under uniaxial compression?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both hardness and ductility increase proportionally with deformation", + "Yield strength increases while fracture toughness remains constant", + "Dislocation density decreases leading to improved electrical conductivity", + "Strain hardening occurs but the effect saturates at 5% deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the main uses of superconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The main use of superconductors is in structural engineering for building lightweight bridges and skyscrapers, taking advantage of their high strength-to-weight ratio.", + "Superconductors are primarily used in high-temperature applications like jet engine components and thermal barrier coatings due to their zero resistance property at elevated temperatures.", + "Superconductors can not only be used in superconducting generators, but also prove effective in applications such as superconducting motors, superconducting power transmission, superconducting energy storage, maglev trains, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, and nuclear fusion.", + "Superconductors find their most important application in consumer electronics as replacement materials for silicon chips, enabling faster computing speeds at room temperature." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a certain low-carbon steel with σ₀=64 kPa, K=393.7 kPa·μm^(1/2), and a grain diameter of 50 μm, what is the yield strength of this low-carbon steel according to the Hall-Petch formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "207.4 kPa", + "155.6 kPa", + "89.3 kPa", + "119.7 kPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the activation energy Q for Zn2+ diffusion in ZnS is 48856 J/mol, and D0=3×10−15 cm2/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 750°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.2×10−12 cm2/s", + "9.6×10−4 cm2/s", + "1.8×10−3 cm2/s", + "4.9×10−5 cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the kinetic conditions of crystalline phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation occurs when the atomic vibration frequency matches the Debye frequency of the material", + "The kinetic condition is satisfied when the cooling rate exceeds 1000 K/s to prevent nucleation of competing phases", + "The transformation requires the system's free energy to be lower in the crystalline phase than in the parent phase at the transformation temperature", + "The critical condition is achieving zero lattice mismatch between the parent and crystalline phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Fe3C compound, each unit cell contains how many C and Fe atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 C atoms and 12 Fe atoms", + "2 C atoms and 6 Fe atoms", + "1 C atom and 3 Fe atoms", + "8 C atoms and 24 Fe atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes discontinuous precipitation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A precipitation process where solute atoms cluster randomly without any specific orientation relationship to the matrix", + "A continuous precipitation process where solute atoms uniformly distribute throughout the matrix without distinct phase boundaries", + "A spinodal decomposition mechanism resulting in compositionally modulated structures without nucleation", + "A phase transformation where solute atoms diffuse along grain boundaries forming distinct precipitate cells with sharp interfaces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], what is the Burgers vector of the unit dislocation causing the slip (taking the lattice constant a=0.2nm)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/√2[110] (0.141 nm)", + "a[100] (0.2 nm)", + "a/2[110] (0.141 nm)", + "a/2[111] (0.173 nm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Li alloy microstructure shows 28% eutectic and 72% primary β. What is the composition of the alloy and is it hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.73% Li, hypoeutectic", + "17.46% Li, hypereutectic", + "22.1% Li, hypoeutectic", + "12.5% Li, hypereutectic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of thermal insulation material is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship applies to nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10nm", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs due to increased dislocation activity at ultra-fine grain sizes", + "Grain boundary sliding becomes the dominant deformation mechanism below 100nm grain size", + "The critical grain size for inverse Hall-Petch behavior is material-independent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reason why a base-centered lattice cannot exist in the cubic system is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The base-centered arrangement would destroy the cubic system's characteristic 4L3 symmetry", + "Base-centering would create unequal lattice parameters (a≠b≠c) in the cubic system", + "The coordination number of atoms would become inconsistent in a base-centered cubic lattice", + "Base-centering would violate the minimum atom packing efficiency requirement for cubic systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system listed below has the following interaxial angle relationship?\n\\[\n\\alpha \\neq \\beta \\neq \\gamma \\neq 90^{\\circ}\n\\]", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is independent of crystal orientation in FCC metals", + "CRSS decreases with increasing temperature due to enhanced dislocation mobility", + "CRSS is higher for edge dislocations than screw dislocations in BCC metals at room temperature", + "CRSS follows Schmid's law only for single crystals, not polycrystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The melting point of copper T_m=1385K, at an undercooling of △T=0.2T_m, crystalline copper is obtained through homogeneous nucleation. What is the critical nucleus radius at this temperature? (ΔH=1628J/cm³, γ=1.77×10⁻⁵J/cm²)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.543 nm (incorrectly using surface energy γ=3.54×10⁻⁵J/cm²)", + "2.174 nm (using ΔT=0.1T_m instead of 0.2T_m)", + "1.087 nm", + "1.632 nm (miscalculating ΔH as 2442J/cm³)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When polycrystalline metal is heated to a relatively high temperature and held, the grains will grow. The grain growth mode is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation climb controlled by vacancy diffusion", + "Grain boundary migration driven by surface energy minimization", + "Atomic shuffling through coordinated shear transformations", + "Collective rearrangement of atoms via liquid-like interfaces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The manner in which the crystal interface advances into the liquid phase during crystallization is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "crystal growth mechanism", + "solidification front velocity", + "interface diffusion coefficient", + "latent heat dissipation rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Complete the following statement regarding conditions that must be satisfied in order for a solid solution to exhibit extensive solubility. The solute and host species must have a very [w] sizes.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "similar", + "identical", + "complementary", + "compensating" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of extended dislocations in stainless steel. Given the lattice constant of stainless steel a = 0.356 nm, shear modulus G = 10×10^6 N/cm^2, and stacking fault energy γ_I = 15×10^-6 J/m^2. The equilibrium width of extended dislocations d_0 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.36×10^-5 m", + "2.24×10^-5 m", + "5.6×10^-6 m", + "1.12×10^-5 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of 2% Cu is rapidly cooled from 520°C to 27°C and held for 3 hours, forming G.P. zones with an average spacing of 1.5×10^-6 cm. Given that the diffusion coefficient of Cu in Al at 27°C is D=2.3×10^-25 cm²/s, and assuming the process is diffusion-controlled, estimate the quenched vacancy concentration of the alloy.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.069×10^-6", + "4.035×10^-6", + "1.613×10^-5", + "2.3×10^-25" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the alloy phase and structural characteristics of ZrFe2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ZrFe2 is an intermetallic compound with simple hexagonal structure where Zr and Fe atoms alternate in layers", + "ZrFe2 is a Laves phase with complex cubic structure where Fe tetrahedrons form interconnected networks and Zr occupies the gaps", + "ZrFe2 is a solid solution with face-centered cubic structure where Zr and Fe atoms randomly occupy lattice sites", + "ZrFe2 is a topologically close-packed phase with body-centered cubic structure where Fe atoms form octahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of ferrous alloys that limits their utilization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Negative temperature coefficient of resistivity", + "Higher stacking fault energy compared to FCC metals", + "Lower dislocation mobility than ceramic materials", + "Anomalous Hall effect at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Bromium has two naturally occurring isotopes: { }^{79} Br, with an atomic weight of 78.918 amu, and { }^{81} Br, with an atomic weight of 80.916 amu. If the average atomic weight for Br is 79.903 amu, what are the fraction-of-occurrences of these two isotopes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.493 for 79Br and 0.507 for 81Br", + "0.507 for 79Br and 0.493 for 81Br", + "0.500 for both isotopes", + "0.600 for 79Br and 0.400 for 81Br" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of cold-worked copper has a ductility (%EL) of 25%. If its cold-worked radius is 10mm (0.40 in.), what was its radius before deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12.5mm (0.492 in.)", + "11.2mm (0.441 in.)", + "9.8mm (0.386 in.)", + "10.6mm (0.424 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For α-Fe slightly below 910°C, the lattice constant α=0.2892nm, what is the atomic radius of α-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1252nm", + "0.1446nm", + "0.1028nm", + "0.1364nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density of the (100) plane in a face-centered cubic crystal, given the atomic radius r=(√2/4)a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.707", + "0.555", + "0.866", + "0.785" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, do the following: (1) state whether it is possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other; (2) if it is possible, note which has the higher melting temperature and then cite reason(s) for your choice; and (3) if it is not possible to decide, then state why. Polytetrafluoroethylene having a density of 2.14 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000 g/mol; PTFE having a density of 2.20 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The PTFE with lower density (2.14 g/cm3) has higher melting temperature due to chain entanglement effects", + "The PTFE with higher density (2.20 g/cm3) has higher melting temperature due to increased crystallinity", + "Cannot be determined because molecular weight is the dominant factor for melting temperature", + "Both have identical melting temperatures since they are the same polymer with equal molecular weights" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between the effects of slip and twinning, these two metal plastic deformation mechanisms, on the crystal orientation relationship?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both mechanisms equally alter the crystal orientation through dislocation movement", + "Twinning creates a mirror-image orientation while slip preserves the original orientation", + "Slip causes greater orientation change due to cumulative dislocation motion", + "Neither mechanism affects orientation as deformation occurs along crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number-average degree of polymerization $n_{\\eta}$ of this polymer material, given the number-average relative molecular mass $\\overline{M}_{n} = 21150$ and the mass of each repeating unit $\\overline{m} = 62.50$. The number-average degree of polymerization is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "211.5", + "338", + "62.5", + "1352" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the filtrate loss of clay slurry adsorbed with the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict the strength σLu of a β-SiC whisker-reinforced composite with a volume fraction φf=0.1, given the average fiber stress σf=5320MPa and the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "700MPa", + "532MPa", + "539.6MPa", + "76MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At the same temperature, when the α phase (85% A, 10% B, 5% C) and β phase (10% A, 20% B, 70% C) each account for 50%, what is the composition of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "48.5% A, 14.5% B, 37% C", + "47.5% A, 15% B, 37.5% C", + "47.5% A, 14.5% B, 38% C", + "47.5% A, 14% B, 38.5% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors determine what fabrication technique is used to form polymeric materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "whether the polymer is thermoplastic or thermosetting; if thermoplastic, the softening temperature; atmospheric stability; the geometry and size of the finished product", + "molecular weight distribution; crystallinity degree; glass transition temperature; thermal conductivity", + "polymer chain length; crosslinking density; dielectric constant; optical transparency", + "Young's modulus; Poisson's ratio; impact strength; coefficient of thermal expansion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that activation polarization controls both oxidation and reduction reactions, determine the rate of corrosion of metal M (in mol/cm2-s) given the following corrosion data: For Metal M: V(M/M2+)=-0.47 V, i0=5x10-10 A/cm2, β=+0.15; For Hydrogen: V(H+/H2)=0 V, i0=2x10-9 A/cm2, β=-0.12.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.64x10-13 mol/cm2-s", + "1.32x10-12 mol/cm2-s", + "5.28x10-14 mol/cm2-s", + "3.96x10-13 mol/cm2-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the magnetic properties of a substance and the filling of electrons outside the atomic nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials with partially filled d-orbitals always show paramagnetism regardless of temperature", + "Substances with completely filled electron shells exhibit ferromagnetism due to strong electron correlation effects", + "Diamagnetism occurs only in materials with completely empty outer electron shells", + "The magnetic moment of an atom is solely determined by its nuclear spin configuration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To obtain a casting with uniform composition and performance, which zone should be expanded?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the equiaxed crystal zone", + "the columnar crystal zone", + "the chill zone", + "the transition zone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ionic crystal structure, the positive and negative ions form:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bravais lattice", + "coordination polyhedron", + "unit cell", + "crystallographic plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition of the alloy if eutectoid cementite exists in addition to proeutectoid cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.11 wt% C", + "0.76 wt% C", + "0.83 wt% C", + "1.43 wt% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How to eliminate work hardening phenomenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying reverse stress equal to yield strength", + "Immediate quenching in liquid nitrogen", + "Subsequent recrystallization treatment", + "Controlled oxidation at elevated temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, what is the lattice parameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.3802 Å", + "3.8567 Å", + "3.8567 nm", + "4.3802 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the performance characteristics of graphite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Graphite exhibits anisotropic thermal conductivity with high in-plane conductivity but low through-plane conductivity", + "Graphite demonstrates isotropic mechanical properties due to its uniform layered structure", + "Graphite shows metallic bonding characteristics leading to high electrical resistivity", + "Graphite possesses high surface energy resulting in poor lubricating properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two desirable characteristics of glasses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "viscoelastic behavior and shape memory effect", + "high fracture toughness and anisotropic thermal expansion", + "crystalline microstructure and electrical conductivity", + "optical transparency and ease of fabrication" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature (298 K), assuming an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom, the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.43 × 10^-8", + "3.04 × 10^-16", + "1.22 × 10^-15", + "6.08 × 10^-16" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a method to improve wetting at the solid-liquid interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reducing the liquid's thermal conductivity", + "Increasing elastic modulus of the solid", + "Applying hydrostatic pressure to the liquid", + "Changing surface roughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the term 'Lomer-Cottrell dislocation'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A glissile dislocation formed by the interaction of perfect dislocations on parallel slip planes in BCC crystals, enabling cross-slip mechanisms", + "A sessile dislocation formed by the reaction of two partial dislocations on intersecting {111} planes in FCC crystals, creating an immobile configuration with stacking faults", + "A special type of edge dislocation that forms at grain boundaries in HCP crystals, responsible for deformation twinning", + "A mobile dislocation configuration in FCC crystals where three perfect dislocations combine to form a superdislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy, at what temperature does austenite first begin to transform on cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "727°C", + "795°C", + "850°C", + "680°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes uphill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Uphill diffusion refers to atomic movement in crystalline materials under tensile stress", + "Uphill diffusion occurs when atoms move against concentration gradient due to chemical potential gradient", + "Uphill diffusion describes vacancy-assisted diffusion in high-temperature alloys", + "Uphill diffusion is the phenomenon where dopants segregate to grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of Cu at 4.6%, after solution treatment at 550°C, the α phase contains x(Cu)=2%. When reheated to 100°C and held for a period, the precipitated θ phase spreads throughout the entire alloy volume. The θ phase has an fcc structure with r=0.143nm, and the average spacing between θ particles is 5nm. If the Cu atoms in the α phase can be neglected after θ precipitation, how many Cu atoms does each θ particle contain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "227.4 atoms/particle", + "75.8 atoms/particle", + "303.2 atoms/particle", + "151.6 atoms/particle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using the dislocation theory of plastic deformation, explain why the strength of metallic materials increases with finer grain size. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows that yield strength is inversely proportional to the square root of grain size. This is because smaller grains have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, leading to more grain boundary area that must be overcome by dislocations during plastic deformation, thus increasing the material's strength.", + "Finer grain sizes increase the density of grain boundaries, which act as barriers to dislocation motion. Since grain boundaries are regions of high energy, they absorb dislocations and prevent their propagation, effectively increasing the material's yield strength by requiring higher stress to move dislocations across these boundaries.", + "During plastic deformation of metallic polycrystalline materials, coarse grains accumulate a larger number of dislocations at grain boundaries, creating a significant stress field that can activate dislocation sources in adjacent grains, allowing deformation to continue. In contrast, fine grains accumulate fewer dislocations at grain boundaries, requiring a greater external force to activate dislocation sources in adjacent grains for deformation to proceed. Therefore, finer-grained materials require a larger external force to undergo plastic deformation, meaning that the strength of the material increases with finer grain size.", + "In fine-grained materials, the increased number of grain boundaries leads to more effective dislocation pinning points. These pinning points restrict dislocation movement by creating local stress fields that oppose the applied stress, thereby increasing the critical resolved shear stress required for plastic deformation and enhancing the material's strength." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does hydrogen fluoride (HF) have a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride (HCl) (19.4°C vs. -85°C), even though HF has a lower molecular weight?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HF forms stronger hydrogen bonds due to higher electronegativity difference between H and F", + "HCl has lower boiling point because chlorine's larger atomic radius reduces intermolecular forces", + "The higher dipole moment of HF leads to stronger dipole-dipole interactions than in HCl", + "Fluorine's smaller atomic size allows closer packing of HF molecules, increasing London dispersion forces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the forgeability of HT150 and annealed 20 steel:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has better forgeability due to its higher carbon content improving hot workability", + "Annealed 20 steel has better forgeability because its lower carbon content reduces cracking risk during deformation", + "Both materials have similar forgeability as they are in annealed condition", + "HT150 cannot be forged while annealed 20 steel has moderate forgeability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the meaning of the steel grade T12A?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "T12A is a titanium alloy with 12% aluminum content", + "T12A is a carbon tool steel, wc=1.2% high-grade quality steel", + "T12A is a stainless steel grade with 12% chromium content", + "T12A is a structural steel with tensile strength of 1200 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phenomena of superheating and supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Superheating and supercooling correspond, respectively, to heating or cooling above or below a phase transition temperature without the occurrence of the transformation.", + "Superheating occurs when a material's temperature exceeds its melting point while remaining solid, whereas supercooling is the suppression of crystallization below the freezing point.", + "These phenomena describe the hysteresis effect in first-order phase transitions, where the transition temperature depends on the direction of temperature change.", + "Superheating is the temperature overshoot during rapid heating, while supercooling refers to the undercooling required for nucleation in solidification processes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When using X-ray detection, how does the diffraction of polymer texture appear?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffuse rings consisting of broad peaks", + "Sharp discrete spots forming Laue patterns", + "Concentric circles with uniform intensity distribution", + "Elliptical patterns showing preferred orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexibility of polymer materials mainly depends on the mobility of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mobility of pendant phenyl rings", + "The degree of crystallinity in the amorphous regions", + "The entanglement density of polymer chains", + "The reptation dynamics of chain ends" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Rubber exhibits which physical state at -70℃?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Supercooled liquid", + "Viscoelastic phase", + "Crystalline solid", + "Glass transition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of carbon in high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Forms alloy carbides to enhance hardness and wear resistance through martensitic transformation", + "Primarily increases the steel's ductility by stabilizing austenite at room temperature", + "Acts as a grain refiner to improve toughness by reducing prior austenite grain size", + "Enhances corrosion resistance by forming passive chromium carbide layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of diffusion always accompanies the crystallization process of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dissimilar atoms", + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion", + "Self-diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher tensile strength and why? Syndiotactic polystyrene having a number-average molecular weight of 600,000 g/mol; atactic polystyrene having a number-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both polymers have equal tensile strength as molecular weight differences are compensated by tacticity effects", + "The atactic polystyrene has higher tensile strength because lower molecular weight polymers have better chain mobility", + "The syndiotactic polystyrene has higher tensile strength due to its higher crystallinity and molecular weight", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the degree of polymerization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the most densely packed direction in a body-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<111>", + "<100>", + "<110>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Zinc selenide has a band gap of 2.58 eV. Over what range of wavelengths of visible light is it transparent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.70-0.90 μm (only transparent to near-infrared light)", + "0.38-0.48 μm (only transparent to violet/blue light)", + "0.48-0.70 μm (transparent to all visible light)", + "0.30-0.70 μm (transparent to UV and visible light)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy for the diffusion of carbon in chromium is 111,000 J/mol. Given that the diffusion coefficient at 1400 K is 6.25 × 10^{-11} m²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1100 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.6 × 10^{-12} m²/s", + "1.2 × 10^{-11} m²/s", + "6.25 × 10^{-12} m²/s", + "3.8 × 10^{-13} m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the solid solution method of carbon in ferrite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial", + "Substitutional", + "Vacancy diffusion", + "Interstitialcy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the microscopic mechanisms of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial and substitutional mechanisms", + "Fick's first and second laws", + "Grain boundary sliding and dislocation climb", + "Thermal vibration and vacancy migration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal undergoes allotropic transformation during cooling from high temperature to room temperature with volume expansion, the atomic coordination number of the low-temperature phase is () compared to that of the high-temperature phase.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Unpredictable, depending on the specific crystal structure change", + "Higher, because volume expansion allows more coordination space", + "Identical, as coordination number is independent of phase transformations", + "Lower, due to decreased atomic packing efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The negative sign of the diffusion flux indicates that diffusion proceeds from high concentration to low concentration, and the driving force for diffusion in this process is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature gradient (thermal force)", + "Concentration gradient (Fick's first law)", + "Chemical potential gradient (chemical force)", + "Stress gradient (mechanical force)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of Babbitt alloy in terms of lubrication principle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It exhibits solid lubrication properties due to the low shear strength of tin crystals in its microstructure", + "It belongs to friction under the lubricating film, relying on the lubricating film formed between the shaft and the bearing bush to reduce friction", + "It functions through hydrodynamic lubrication where the rotating shaft creates a pressurized oil film", + "It operates on boundary lubrication principles where direct metal-to-metal contact occurs through protective oxide layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the activation energies of substitutional diffusion and interstitial diffusion.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both diffusion mechanisms have identical activation energies under equilibrium conditions", + "The activation energy of substitutional diffusion is smaller because it involves vacancy mechanisms", + "The activation energy of interstitial diffusion is smaller due to smaller atomic displacement required", + "Substitutional diffusion has lower activation energy in FCC structures but higher in BCC structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the properties of elements change from left to right within the same period in the periodic table?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionization energy decreases, metallic character strengthens", + "Electron affinity decreases, atomic radius increases", + "Electronegativity decreases, non-metallic character weakens", + "Ionization energy increases, metallic character weakens" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following iron-carbon alloys and associated microstructures has the highest tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.80 wt% C with tempered martensite (200°C tempering)", + "0.40 wt% C with lower bainite", + "0.60 wt% C with fine pearlite", + "0.25 wt% C with upper bainite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the conditions for spinodal decomposition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the alloy is quenched rapidly from a high temperature to room temperature, creating a supersaturated solid solution that decomposes via spinodal mechanism.", + "When the alloy composition falls within the spinodal region and the temperature is below the critical point, leading to spontaneous phase separation without nucleation.", + "In any binary system where the free energy of mixing is positive, regardless of the temperature or diffusion conditions.", + "In a binary alloy phase diagram with a miscibility gap, the composition free energy curve has a range where ∂²G/∂x²<0, the temperature is sufficiently high for solute atoms to diffuse." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains an excess of vacancies, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Negative climb", + "Positive climb", + "No climb occurs", + "Lateral slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 12.8mm (0.505 in.) and gauge length of 50.80mm (2.000 in.) is pulled in tension until fracture occurs. The diameter at the point of fracture is 6.60mm (0.260 in.), and the fractured gauge length is 72.14mm (2.840 in.). What is the ductility in terms of percent reduction in area?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "73.4%", + "68.2%", + "42.0%", + "53.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a superconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A conductor with resistance lower than copper at room temperature", + "A material with perfect diamagnetism and zero resistivity at all temperatures", + "A material exhibiting zero electrical resistance below its critical temperature", + "A quantum material showing Meissner effect only in thin film form" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following sets of quantum numbers can determine the spatial position and energy of an electron in an atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Principal quantum number n, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si", + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, and magnetic quantum number mi", + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, and spin angular momentum quantum number si", + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The ordered structure formation temperature of any alloy is _____ the disordered structure formation temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Equal to", + "Higher than", + "May be lower or higher than", + "Lower than" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes cross-slip and its characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip refers to the simultaneous or alternating slip of two or more slip planes along a common slip direction, resulting in zigzag or wavy slip lines due to screw dislocations moving between planes.", + "Cross-slip is the phenomenon where edge dislocations change their slip plane under stress, creating straight parallel slip lines on the material surface.", + "Cross-slip occurs when dislocations bypass obstacles by climbing out of their original slip plane, leading to curved slip traces on the surface.", + "Cross-slip describes the cooperative movement of multiple dislocations on the same slip plane, producing intersecting slip lines with sharp angles." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are degrees of freedom in phase diagrams?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dimensionality of the phase diagram minus the number of phase boundaries intersecting at that point", + "The number of thermodynamic parameters required to fully describe the system's state at any given point on the diagram", + "The difference between the number of components and the number of phases present in the system", + "The maximum number of intensive variables that can be changed independently without altering the number of phases in equilibrium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which structure would you expect BeO to have?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "zinc blende", + "sodium chloride", + "fluorite", + "cesium chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit cell is the smallest unit that can fully reflect the characteristics of the crystal structure, whose shape and size are consistent with the corresponding unit parallelepiped.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest geometric shape that can be stacked to fill all space without gaps", + "The smallest volume containing all crystallographic information necessary to reconstruct the full crystal", + "The smallest repeating unit that preserves the complete symmetry of the crystal lattice", + "The smallest structural unit that exhibits the macroscopic properties of the bulk material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the conditions for clay slurry peptization is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The zeta potential exceeds 30 mV", + "The medium is alkaline", + "The clay particles are isoelectric", + "The slurry temperature exceeds 100°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron titanate, FeTiO3, forms in the ilmenite crystal structure that consists of an HCP arrangement of O2- ions. Which type of interstitial site will the Fe2+ ions occupy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "trigonal bipyramidal sites", + "tetrahedral sites", + "cubic sites", + "octahedral sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the positive direction of a dislocation line is defined as the original opposite direction, what will happen to the Burgers vector of this dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector will reverse its direction", + "The Burgers vector magnitude will double", + "The Burgers vector will remain unchanged", + "The Burgers vector will rotate by 90 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics and mechanisms of dispersion strengthening (age strengthening)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It is the strengthening caused by grain boundary obstruction of dislocation motion, following the Hall-Petch relationship for grain size dependence.", + "It is the strengthening caused by solute atoms distorting the crystal lattice, where the size difference between solute and solvent atoms is the key factor.", + "It is the strengthening caused by fine dispersed second phases hindering dislocation motion. This includes the shearing mechanism and the bypassing mechanism.", + "It is the strengthening caused by dislocation entanglement and forest dislocation interactions, where dislocation density is the primary controlling factor." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystallographic characteristics of martensitic transformation are manifested as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "maintaining coherent relationship", + "achieving complete recrystallization", + "forming equiaxed grain structure", + "exhibiting superplastic behavior" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the steady-state creep data for an iron at a stress level of 140 MPa (20,000 psi) and knowing that the stress exponent n for this alloy is 8.5, what is the steady-state creep rate at 1300 K and a stress level of 83 MPa (12,000 psi)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.62 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "2.15 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "4.31 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "1.72 × 10^{-1}h^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main use of controlled expansion alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-temperature structural components requiring creep resistance", + "Sealing in electric vacuum applications where thermal expansion matching is critical", + "Biomedical implants needing corrosion resistance and biocompatibility", + "Magnetic shielding applications requiring specific permeability characteristics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A green body with an initial particle size of 5μm is sintered for 2h to reach x/r=0.1. If sintering continues until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when material transport occurs via dissolution-precipitation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "128h", + "8h", + "32h", + "512h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What can SiC ceramics be used for?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-temperature structural components in aerospace engines", + "Primary load-bearing elements in civil engineering bridges", + "Biocompatible implants for orthopedic applications", + "Transparent optical windows for infrared systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the carbon content of pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.77%", + "0.83%", + "0.67%", + "2.11%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the similarities between solid solutions, lattice defects, and non-stoichiometric compounds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They are all point defects with structures identical to the host crystal phase", + "They all involve substitutional atoms replacing host atoms in the lattice", + "They all result in significant changes to the crystal's unit cell parameters", + "They all require the presence of interstitial atoms to maintain charge neutrality" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains vacancies below the equilibrium concentration, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Negative climb", + "Positive climb", + "No climb occurs", + "Lateral slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In face-centered cubic packing, the number of atoms in the unit cell is (5), it has (6) _ tetrahedral voids, (7) _ octahedral voids.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 atoms, 4 tetrahedral voids, 8 octahedral voids", + "4 atoms, 8 tetrahedral voids, 4 octahedral voids", + "8 atoms, 8 tetrahedral voids, 4 octahedral voids", + "8 atoms, 4 tetrahedral voids, 8 octahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the same wing component and alloy, compute the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 4.0 mm (0.16 in.).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "365 MPa (53,000 psi)", + "288 MPa (41,500 psi)", + "230 MPa (33,400 psi)", + "320 MPa (46,400 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Complete the following statement regarding conditions that must be satisfied in order for a solid solution to exhibit extensive solubility. The solute and host species must attempt to pack with [x] crystal structure.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a similar (or the same)", + "a complementary", + "a distorted version of the host", + "an energetically favorable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When kaolinite clay [Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4] is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, chemical water is driven off. Under these circumstances, what is the composition of the remaining product (in weight percent Al2O3)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45.9% Al2O3 by weight", + "39.5% Al2O3 by weight (neglecting OH group mass loss)", + "52.3% Al2O3 by weight (assuming complete SiO2 loss)", + "48.7% Al2O3 by weight (based on typical metakaolin composition)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Nickel is alloyed with Th having ${\\boldsymbol{w}}_{\\mathrm{Th}}$ of 0.01 to form an alloy, which is then made into powder, pressed into the desired shape, and sintered into the final product, during which Th is completely oxidized. Calculate the volume fraction of $\\mathrm{ThO}_{2}$ produced in this Th-Ni material. Given the density of $\\mathrm{ThO}_{2}$ is $9.86~\\mathrm{g/cm^{3}}$, Ni is $8.98~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}$, and Th is $11.72~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0084", + "0.0096", + "0.0107", + "0.0072" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which category of compounds do nylon and polysulfone belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon-chain organic polymers", + "Heterochain organic polymers", + "Elemental organic compounds", + "Inorganic polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The maximum solid solubility (mole fraction) of nitrogen in γ-Fe is x_N=10.3×10^-2. Given that N atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites, what is the percentage of octahedral interstitial sites occupied by N atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.3%", + "12.5%", + "20.6%", + "5.15%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The yield strength of Mg alloy is 180 MPa, E is 45 GPa. What is the maximum load that will not cause plastic deformation of a 10 mm × 2 mm Mg plate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1800 N", + "9000 N", + "3600 N", + "8100 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, what is the fundamental principle of grain refinement by vibration and stirring?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mechanical agitation disrupts solute diffusion layers, creating constitutional undercooling zones for nucleation", + "Vibration reduces surface tension while stirring increases undercooling, both promoting heterogeneous nucleation", + "Vibration and stirring increase nucleation by providing additional energy for nucleation work and fragmenting existing crystals", + "The primary mechanism is thermal homogenization which reduces local superheating and promotes uniform nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The packing density of a simple cubic crystal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in annealed copper is typically 10^6 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in cold-worked aluminum is typically 10^8 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in single crystal silicon is typically 10^10 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in heavily deformed steel is typically 10^12 cm^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a smooth interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A liquid-solid interface with complete atomic disorder and no preferred crystallographic orientation.", + "It is another type of solid-liquid interface where the atoms on the solid-phase interface are arranged into a flat atomic plane, specifically a certain crystallographic plane.", + "An interface between two amorphous phases where atomic positions are completely randomized.", + "A solid-solid interface where both phases maintain their crystal structure but with significant lattice mismatch." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the critical resolved shear stress τc for the {111}[110] slip system in pure copper is 1MPa, what stress should be applied in the [001] direction to produce slip in the [101] direction on the (111) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.45MPa", + "1.73MPa", + "1.00MPa", + "3.46MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between kinks and jogs produced when two dislocations intersect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Kinks are permanent defects that impede dislocation motion, while jogs are temporary and easily annihilated", + "Both kinks and jogs are identical defects that form when dislocations cross-slip", + "Kinks are temporary deviations that remain in the slip plane, while jogs require climb motion to move", + "Jogs lie within the original slip plane while kinks create out-of-plane segments" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of diffusionless phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interface-controlled growth, partial composition change, intermediate transformation rate, semi-coherent interface", + "Atomic diffusion required, gradual composition change, temperature-dependent kinetics, random crystallographic orientation", + "Shape change caused by uniform shear, same chemical composition, fast transformation at low temperatures, specific orientation relationship", + "Massive nucleation, complete composition homogenization, diffusion-limited kinetics, isotropic morphology" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the precipitation sequence of Al-Cu alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "GP zones → θ′ → θ′′ → θ", + "GP zones → θ′′ → θ′ → θ", + "θ′′ → GP zones → θ′ → θ", + "θ′ → GP zones → θ′′ → θ" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If water molecules pass through a membrane with a steady state flux of [j] mole/(m² day), how long will it take, in hours, for [m] kg of water to pass through a [a] square centimeter of the membrane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "t = [m] × 1000 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 24) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 10000) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 × 3600 / ([a] × [j] × 18) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18) hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polypropylene is polymerized from propylene, with the chemical formula C3H6. Crystalline polypropylene belongs to the monoclinic crystal system, with lattice constants α = 0.665 nm, b = 2.096 nm, c = 0.65 nm, α = γ = 90°, β = 99.3°, and a density ρ = 0.91 g/cm³. The number of C and H atoms in the unit cell of crystalline polypropylene is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "34 C atoms and 68 H atoms", + "36 C atoms and 72 H atoms", + "35 C atoms and 70 H atoms", + "32 C atoms and 64 H atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following three substances, which one is the least likely to form glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2O·2SiO2", + "Na2O·SiO2", + "NaCl", + "All three substances have equal glass-forming ability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From the perspective of bonding, which of the following best describes the characteristics of ceramic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed covalent-metallic bonding, high elastic modulus, excellent creep resistance, isotropic behavior", + "Metallic bonding dominant, moderate hardness, good electrical conductivity, anisotropic properties", + "Van der Waals forces predominant, low density, high fracture toughness, variable thermal expansion", + "Primarily covalent and ionic bonds, high hardness, low ductility, excellent thermal stability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity corresponding to the glass transition temperature Tg is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for dislocation motion in pure aluminum at room temperature", + "The yield strength of fully annealed copper single crystal", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for edge dislocations in bcc iron", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the expression for the modulus of elasticity for a hybrid composite in which all fibers of both types are oriented in the same direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "E_cl = E_m V_m + E_f1 V_f1 + E_f2 V_f2", + "E_cl = (E_f1 V_f1 + E_f2 V_f2) / (V_f1 + V_f2)", + "E_cl = E_m V_m + (E_f1 + E_f2)(V_f1 + V_f2)", + "E_cl = (E_m V_m + E_f1 V_f1 + E_f2 V_f2) / (V_m + V_f1 + V_f2)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are strong carbide-forming elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese", + "titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium", + "nickel, cobalt, copper, aluminum", + "silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reason why glass is isotropic is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The long-range disorder of the glass structure exhibits statistical homogeneity macroscopically", + "The rapid quenching process aligns all molecular dipoles in random orientations", + "The covalent network structure prevents preferential crystallographic directions", + "The absence of grain boundaries eliminates anisotropic effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What final heat treatment process can be used for decorative wires for indoor electric lights after processing to ensure they are easily deformable and have high electrical conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening at 300°C for 2 hours", + "Recrystallization annealing at 0.5Tm for 1 hour", + "Martensitic quenching followed by tempering", + "Normalizing at 900°C with air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component in the form of a wide plate is to be fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 77.0 MPa √m (70.1 ksi √m) and a yield strength of 1400 MPa (205,000 psi). The flaw size resolution limit of the flaw detection apparatus is 4.0 mm (0.16 in.). If the design stress is one half of the yield strength and the value of Y is 1.0, determine whether or not a critical flaw for this plate is subject to detection.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical flaw is detectable because it exceeds the resolution limit when accounting for stress concentration effects", + "The critical flaw is not detectable because its calculated size is below the apparatus resolution limit", + "The critical flaw becomes detectable when considering the alloy's strain hardening behavior", + "The critical flaw detection depends on the plate thickness, which is not specified" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of atoms in the critical nucleus for copper with a face-centered cubic crystal structure (a=0.3615nm).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "512", + "128", + "216", + "456" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, what is the fundamental principle of grain refinement through modification treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Introducing alloying elements to lower the melting point and facilitate faster nucleation", + "Increasing the cooling rate to achieve higher nucleation density through thermal gradients", + "Adding a modifier to promote heterogeneous nucleation by reducing the critical undercooling required for solidification", + "Applying mechanical vibration during solidification to break dendrites and create more nucleation sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If crystalline regions exist in polymer materials, then their melting point is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Directly proportional to the degree of crystallinity", + "Independent of molecular weight distribution", + "Determined solely by the strongest covalent bonds in the polymer", + "Inversely related to the lamellar thickness of crystallites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Most polymers and ionic ceramics have energy band gap structures that are most similar to those of", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for dislocation motion in BCC metals", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal", + "The stress required for twinning in HCP metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation, assuming the new phase nucleus is spherical and the volume free energy change per atom ΔGv=200ΔT/Tc (J/cm³), the critical transformation temperature Tc=1000K, the strain energy Es=4 J/cm³, the coherent interface energy γ_coherent=40×10⁻⁷ J/cm², and the incoherent interface energy γ_incoherent=400×10⁻⁷ J/cm², calculate ΔT when ΔG_coherent* = ΔG_incoherent*. The correct ΔT is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21K", + "42K", + "10.5K", + "84K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.0 kg of a 99.6 wt % Fe-0.4 wt % C alloy that is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid. How many kilograms of proeutectoid ferrite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.22 kg", + "0.98 kg", + "0.83 kg", + "1.04 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A diffusion-controlled process where small grains dissolve to feed the growth of larger grains along temperature gradients", + "A uniform grain growth process driven by surface energy reduction, resulting in equiaxed grain structure", + "The nucleation of new grains at high temperatures, replacing the original deformed microstructure", + "An abnormal growth process where a few large grains grow at the expense of fine grains, with pores enclosed within the grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After metal undergoes cold plastic deformation, this phenomenon is called deformation strengthening or:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "strain hardening", + "work hardening", + "dislocation strengthening", + "precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A thick steel sheet of area 400 cm^{2} is exposed to air near the ocean. After a one-year period it was found to experience a weight loss of 375g due to corrosion. To what rate of corrosion, in both mpy and mm / \\mathrm{yr}, does this correspond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.5 mm/yr (59.1 mpy)", + "0.94 mm/yr (37.0 mpy)", + "1.2 mm/yr (46.7 mpy)", + "0.75 mm/yr (29.5 mpy)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For aluminum, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv at 30 K is 0.81 J/mol-K, and the Debye temperature is 375 K. Estimate the specific heat at 425 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "923 J/kg-K", + "0.81 J/mol-K", + "1.12 kJ/kg-K", + "24.2 J/mol-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does an alloy of eutectic composition form a microstructure consisting of alternating layers of the two solid phases upon solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The eutectic reaction requires simultaneous nucleation of both phases in a periodic pattern", + "The alternating layers form to maximize interfacial energy between the phases", + "The layered structure minimizes the diffusion path length during solid-state phase separation", + "The layered morphology results from preferential crystal growth along specific crystallographic directions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of silicon carbide that is 10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 0.6 cm thick and is resting on two supports 7.5 cm apart. The sample breaks when a deflection of 0.09mm is recorded. The flexural modulus for silicon carbide is 480 GPa. Assuming no plastic deformation occurs, what is the flexural strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "552 MPa", + "276 MPa", + "138 MPa", + "413 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the seven crystal systems, the number of crystal systems belonging to the highest crystal category is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion in BCC iron is lower than in FCC iron at 900°C", + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion in FCC iron is lower than in BCC iron at 900°C", + "Both crystal structures show identical vacancy diffusion activation energies at 900°C", + "The comparison cannot be made without knowing the exact impurity content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the time t required for spinodal decomposition to occur over a diffusion distance of λ_m/2=50 nm (with λ_m=100 nm) at 550K, given the interdiffusion coefficient D=-2.4×10^-18 m²/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "347.2 s", + "86.8 s", + "173.6 s", + "1.04×10^3 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the relative atomic mass of an element not always a whole number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the atomic mass unit is defined relative to carbon-12, which itself has a non-integer mass", + "Because different isotopes contain varying numbers of neutrons while having the same number of protons", + "Due to relativistic effects that cause mass defects in atomic nuclei", + "Because electron cloud contributions to atomic mass vary with chemical environment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A green body has an initial particle size of 5μm. After sintering for 2h, x/r=0.1. If sintering proceeds until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when the process is driven by diffusion mass transfer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16h", + "8h", + "64h", + "32h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The active layer and passive layer of a thermostatic bimetal strip are respectively", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite and retained austenite", + "Pearlite and ferrite", + "Bainite and cementite", + "Austenite and martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polycrystals, grain boundaries are divided into large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries. What is the typical identification angle for distinguishing between large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10°", + "15°", + "5°", + "20°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can increase the number of dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying high-temperature annealing above the recrystallization temperature", + "Subjecting the material to cyclic loading below the yield strength", + "Performing rapid quenching from the solution treatment temperature", + "Introducing coherent precipitates through aging treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Germanium to which 10^24 m^-3 As atoms have been added is an extrinsic semiconductor at room temperature, and virtually all the As atoms may be thought of as being ionized (i.e., one charge carrier exists for each As atom). Is this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "n-type due to electron donation from As atoms substituting Ge sites", + "p-type due to hole creation from As atoms occupying interstitial positions", + "n-type but with reduced carrier concentration due to As-As pairing", + "p-type due to formation of As-vacancy complexes acting as acceptors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Germanium to which 5 × 10^22 m^-3 Sb atoms have been added is an extrinsic semiconductor at room temperature, and virtually all the Sb atoms may be thought of as being ionized (i.e., one charge carrier exists for each Sb atom). Is this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "p-type due to Sb atoms forming acceptor levels", + "p-type due to Ge vacancies created during doping", + "n-type but with minority carriers dominating conduction", + "n-type due to Sb acting as a donor impurity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a screw dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A dislocation where the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector", + "A defect where atomic planes spiral around the dislocation line like a screw thread", + "A linear defect where the Burgers vector is perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "A type of dislocation that only occurs in BCC crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is one of the two basic phases that make up the room-temperature equilibrium structure of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite", + "Ferrite (α)", + "Pearlite", + "Austenite (γ)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A strain-hardened Cu single crystal has a resolved shear stress of 14MPa. Given the shear modulus G=40GPa and Burgers vector b=0.256 nm, calculate the dislocation density of the Cu single crystal.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.869×10¹² m⁻²", + "3.738×10¹² m⁻²", + "9.345×10¹¹ m⁻²", + "2.803×10¹² m⁻²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When elongating from L to 2L, the engineering strain εe and true strain εT are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both strains equal 100%", + "εe = 69.3%; εT = 100%", + "εe = 50%; εT = ln(2)", + "εe = 100%; εT = 69.3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are types of cementite that may exist in iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primary cementite, eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite", + "Primary cementite, proeutectoid cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite", + "Eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite, tertiary cementite", + "Primary cementite, eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite, tertiary cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the categories of high elastic alloys by composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "shape memory alloys, superalloys, amorphous alloys", + "aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys", + "steel, copper alloys, nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys", + "high-carbon steels, maraging steels, precipitation-hardened alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that brass containing ${w_{\\mathrm{Zn}}}=0.30$ requires $^{1\\textrm{h}}$ to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $400^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, and $2\\textrm{h}$ at $390^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the time required to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $420^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.26 h", + "0.15 h", + "0.40 h", + "0.50 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Do all atoms have a net magnetic moment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transition metal atoms always have a net magnetic moment regardless of electron configuration", + "All atoms inherently possess a net magnetic moment due to nuclear spin", + "All atoms have a net magnetic moment when placed in an external magnetic field", + "Only atoms with unpaired electrons exhibit a net magnetic moment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared to pure iron, how do the plasticity and toughness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher due to reduced dislocation density", + "Lower due to carbon interstitial strengthening", + "Unchanged as both are BCC structures", + "Higher only under dynamic loading conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a component defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Component defects arise when dopant atoms segregate at grain boundaries, forming secondary phases that alter the material's electrical properties.", + "When foreign atoms occupy lattice sites in a crystal, creating localized strain fields that distort the surrounding lattice structure, this is termed a component defect.", + "In solid solutions with non-equivalent substitution, in order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the crystal, vacancies or interstitial ions are inevitably generated in the crystal. This type of crystal defect is called a component defect.", + "The spontaneous formation of Frenkel pairs (vacancy-interstitial combinations) in pure crystals due to thermal fluctuations constitutes a component defect." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is another function that a transistor may perform in an electronic circuit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "As a superconducting element in cryogenic systems", + "As a photon emitter in optoelectronic devices", + "As a piezoelectric transducer in sensors", + "As a variable resistor in analog circuits" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the concentration of component defects mainly depend on?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallographic orientation", + "Solid solubility", + "Dislocation density", + "Grain boundary energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the order of magnitude wavelength for visible light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size of 10nm", + "The Hall-Petch relationship applies equally to both crystalline and amorphous materials", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is independent of temperature", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two types of voids in the closest packing of equal spheres?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Octahedral and tetrahedral voids", + "Hexagonal close packing and face-centered cubic close packing", + "Interstitial and substitutional voids", + "Bravais and non-Bravais voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes one of the essential reasons for the high hardness of martensite related to its crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal structure creates strong covalent bonds between iron atoms", + "The high carbon content forms interstitial carbides that pin dislocations", + "The tetragonal distortion increases the Peierls stress required for dislocation motion", + "The absence of close-packed planes reduces the number of available slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a 3000-kg load is applied to a 10-mm-diameter ball in a Brinell test of a steel, an indentation of 3.1mm is produced. Estimate the tensile strength of the steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "137,000 psi", + "194,000 psi", + "225,000 psi", + "158,000 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is structural steel further subdivided?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Engineering structural steel (ordinary carbon structural steel, ordinary low-alloy steel) and mechanical component steel (carburizing steel, quenched and tempered steel, spring steel, rolling bearing steel)", + "Ferritic steel (low carbon, medium carbon, high carbon) and austenitic steel (stainless, heat-resistant, cryogenic)", + "Primary structural steel (beams, columns) and secondary structural steel (fasteners, connectors)", + "Weldable structural steel (S-series) and non-weldable structural steel (T-series)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of atomic arrangement in ordered alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An ordered solid solution where atoms occupy specific sublattices, forming a superlattice structure", + "A random distribution of atoms with short-range ordering but no long-range periodicity", + "A complete segregation of constituent elements into distinct crystalline phases", + "A disordered solid solution with statistical atomic distribution obeying Vegard's law" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a metallic bond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electrostatic attraction between fixed positive ions and delocalized valence electrons", + "The bonding force between metal atoms formed by the interaction between metal cations and free electrons", + "A covalent-like bond formed by overlapping d-orbitals in transition metals", + "A hybrid bond combining ionic character from s-electron transfer and covalent character from p-orbital overlap" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a BCC single crystal, which of the following statements is true regarding the surface energy for a (100) plane compared to a (110) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The surface energy for a (100) plane is greater than that for a (110) plane because the (110) plane has a higher packing density", + "The surface energy for a (100) plane is less than that for a (110) plane because the (100) plane has lower atomic coordination", + "Both planes have equal surface energy due to equivalent atomic arrangements in BCC crystals", + "The (110) plane has higher surface energy because it contains more broken bonds per unit area" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for aluminum are 3.8 x 10^7 (Ω·m)^-1 and 0.0012 m^2/V·s, respectively. Assuming a density of 2.7 g/cm^3, what is the number of free electrons per aluminum atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.00 electron/al atom", + "3.28 electrons/al atom", + "4.12 electrons/al atom", + "2.71 electrons/al atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for tungsten?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent with partial ionic character", + "Metallic", + "Van der Waals with metallic resonance", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent with d-orbital overlap" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does constitutional supercooling occur during the solidification of multicomponent alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the thermal conductivity of the solid phase exceeds that of the liquid phase", + "Because the latent heat of fusion cannot be dissipated quickly enough through the solid phase", + "Due to solute partitioning creating a composition gradient that locally depresses the liquidus temperature below the actual temperature", + "As a result of anisotropic surface energy causing preferential crystal growth directions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of SiO2 in commercial oxide glasses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acts as an intermediate oxide that can be both former and modifier", + "Functions primarily as a flux to lower the melting temperature", + "Serves as a network modifier by breaking Si-O bonds", + "Acts as a network former by forming continuous 3D tetrahedral structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is tool steel further classified?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "By application: cutting tools, dies, and measuring instruments", + "By carbon content: low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high-carbon tool steel", + "By heat treatment method: annealed, quenched, and tempered tool steel", + "By alloying elements: tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium-based tool steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a polymer-matrix fiber-reinforced composite, why must there be a strong bond between fiber and matrix at their interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To increase the composite's thermal conductivity through enhanced phonon coupling", + "To maximize stress transfer efficiency and prevent interfacial debonding under shear loads", + "To allow for reversible fiber-matrix sliding that improves impact energy absorption", + "To match the elastic moduli of fiber and matrix phases for uniform strain distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a tensile force is applied along the [0001] direction of a hexagonal close-packed single crystal, what are the possible deformations and the primary mode of deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Elastic deformation followed by brittle fracture due to zero resolved shear stress on the (0001) slip plane", + "Plastic deformation via prismatic slip systems with Burgers vector [1120]", + "Twinning deformation on {1012} planes due to high critical resolved shear stress", + "Dislocation climb-assisted plasticity at elevated temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is the fiber texture represented?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "", + "", + "{h k l}", + "[h k l]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A plate of an alloy steel has a plane-strain fracture toughness of 50 MPa·{m}^{1 / 2}. If it is known that the largest surface crack is 0.5mm long, and that the value of Y is 1.1 , which of the following can be said about this plate when a tensile stress of 1200 MPa is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fracture behavior cannot be determined without knowing the fatigue limit", + "The plate will not fracture because the applied stress is below the yield strength", + "The plate will undergo plastic deformation but not fracture", + "The plate will fracture due to exceeding the critical stress intensity factor" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of $\\mathrm{CaF}_{2}$ is $\\rho=3.18~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}$, the relative atomic mass of $\\mathrm{Ca}$ is $A_{\\mathrm{r}}=40.08$, and the relative atomic mass of $\\mathrm{F}$ is $A_{\\mathrm{r}}=19.00$. What is the lattice constant $a$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.546 nm", + "0.463 nm", + "0.382 nm", + "0.618 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perpendicular", + "Parallel", + "At a 45° angle", + "The relationship depends on the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of dispersion in a transparent medium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dispersion is the phenomenon where all wavelengths of light experience identical refractive indices in a transparent medium.", + "Dispersion in a transparent medium refers to the scattering of light due to microscopic inhomogeneities in the material's density.", + "Dispersion describes the uniform speed of electromagnetic waves regardless of their wavelength when passing through a transparent medium.", + "Dispersion in a transparent medium is the phenomenon wherein the index of refraction varies slightly with the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an interstitial solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A metastable solution where solute atoms cluster in lattice defects, exhibiting short-range ordering and increased hardness", + "A solid solution formed when solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the lattice, creating local distortions while preserving overall crystal symmetry", + "A solid solution where solute atoms occupy the interstitial sites of the solvent lattice, maintaining the host crystal structure and requiring solute atomic radii <0.59 times the solvent radius", + "A solution where solute atoms preferentially segregate to grain boundaries, forming discontinuous precipitates that enhance creep resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the mass fraction of pearlite that forms in an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.25 wt% C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.42", + "0.25", + "0.31", + "0.17" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes a first-order phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phase transition occurs when the Gibbs free energies of the two phases become equal, accompanied by a discontinuity in the first derivative of entropy with respect to temperature.", + "The free energy curves of the two phases intersect at the transition temperature, with continuous first derivatives but discontinuous second derivatives of free energy.", + "During the phase transition, the chemical potentials of the two phases are equal, but the first-order partial derivatives of the chemical potential are not equal. A first-order phase transition involves latent heat and changes in volume.", + "Both phases maintain identical chemical potential and its first derivatives during the transition, with the distinction appearing only in higher-order thermodynamic quantities." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar packing fraction (ppf) on the (110) plane for CaF2 (with the fluorite structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.524", + "0.785", + "0.699", + "0.906" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of butadiene to styrene repeat units in a copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 350,000 g/mol and a degree of polymerization of 4425?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.75", + "1.0", + "1.25", + "0.5" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If carburizing steel at 870°C, how much time is needed to obtain the same carburized layer thickness as carburizing at 927°C for 10h (ignoring the difference in carbon solubility at 927°C and 870°C)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15.2h", + "19.8h", + "24.6h", + "10.0h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pairs of polymers, which one is more likely to crystallize? (d) Block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) copolymer; graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) copolymer", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Graft poly(chloroprene-isobutylene) because chloroprene segments can form crystalline domains", + "Block poly(acrylonitrile-isoprene) due to its regular chain arrangement allowing better packing", + "Both have equal crystallization tendency as they contain similar polar/nonpolar ratios", + "Neither can crystallize due to their copolymer nature disrupting regularity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for copper are 6.0 x 10^7 (Ω·m)^-1 and 0.0030 m^2/V·s, respectively. The number of free electrons per cubic meter for copper at room temperature is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.50 x 10^29 m^-3", + "6.25 x 10^28 m^-3", + "1.25 x 10^29 m^-3", + "3.13 x 10^28 m^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of Pyrex glass is 10^9 Pa·s at 1400°C and 10^13 Pa·s at 840°C. To facilitate forming, approximately what temperature is required for the glass to reach a viscosity of 10^5 Pa·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1680°C", + "3094.2°C", + "2150°C", + "2750°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of solid-state phase transformation in metals in terms of growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Maintains isotropic interface energy regardless of crystallographic orientation", + "Follows classical nucleation theory with spherical growth fronts under all conditions", + "Shows linear growth kinetics controlled solely by bulk diffusion coefficients", + "Exhibits habit plane phenomena, with specific microstructural morphologies such as plate-like or needle-like" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As temperature decreases, the fraction of total number of atoms that are capable of diffusive motion", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy concentration increases", + "The activation energy for diffusion decreases", + "The atomic vibration frequency becomes harmonic", + "The dislocation density reaches a critical threshold" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Martensite is a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe3C", + "γ-Fe", + "α-Fe", + "δ-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The mass fractions of total ferrite and total cementite in an iron-carbon alloy are 0.88 and 0.12, respectively. Is this a hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypereutectoid, because cementite forms before pearlite", + "Hypoeutectoid, because ferrite is the dominant phase", + "Hypereutectoid, because the carbon content is above 0.76 wt%", + "Hypoeutectoid, because the alloy contains less than 6.7 wt% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines wetting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The complete spreading of a liquid on a solid surface when the contact angle approaches 0°", + "When the surface tension of a liquid is lower than the surface energy of a solid, spontaneous wetting occurs", + "When the Gibbs free energy of the system decreases after a solid comes into contact with a liquid, it is called wetting", + "A phenomenon where liquid molecules preferentially adsorb to solid surfaces due to van der Waals forces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and the next nearest Cl− ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.278nm", + "0.482nm", + "0.390nm", + "0.564nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 275°C and holding for 1s, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Undercooled austenite (w_C=0.77%)", + "Martensite (w_C=0.8%)", + "Bainite (w_C=0.77%)", + "Pearlite (w_C=0.8%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are functions of the matrix phase in a polymer-matrix fiber-reinforced composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To provide the primary load-bearing capability through its high elastic modulus", + "To chemically bond with fiber surfaces creating covalent crosslinks", + "To prevent fiber-fiber contact by maintaining precise inter-fiber spacing", + "To absorb impact energy through plastic deformation of the matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the crystallochemical factors affecting the glass formation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cooling rate, viscosity at melting point, and thermal expansion coefficient", + "Atomic radius mismatch, electronegativity difference, and coordination number", + "The size and arrangement of complex anion groups, bond strength, and bond type", + "Cation charge density, Pauling's rules, and Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the meaning of the steel grade 38CrMoAlA?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "38CrMoAlA is a nitriding-specific steel (quenched and tempered steel), wc=0.38%, wc=1.00%, WM=0.2%, 0A=0.9%, wsi=0.3%, wM=0.45%", + "38CrMoAlA is a high-speed tool steel with 0.38% carbon, 1.00% chromium, 0.20% molybdenum, and 0.90% aluminum", + "38CrMoAlA is a stainless steel containing 38% chromium, 1% molybdenum, and 0.9% aluminum for corrosion resistance", + "38CrMoAlA is a low-alloy structural steel with 0.38% carbon, 1.00% manganese, 0.20% silicon, and 0.90% aluminum" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of Al2O3 is 3.8g/cm3. How many atoms are contained in 1g of Al2O3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.95×10^22", + "1.18×10^22", + "5.90×10^22", + "3.54×10^22" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10 cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. The critical resolved shear stress is known to be 0.1 kgf/mm², and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215]. What is the rotation law and rotation axis when slip begins?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "F→[100], rotation axis [215]×[100]=[015]", + "F→[110], rotation axis [215]×[110]=[115]", + "F→[111], rotation axis [215]×[111]=[633]=[211]", + "F→[111], rotation axis [215]×[101]=[317]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A uniform grain growth process driven solely by temperature increase", + "An abnormal growth process where a few large grains grow at the expense of fine grains", + "The initial stage of recrystallization where dislocation density decreases", + "A process identical to primary recrystallization but occurring at higher temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the process of recrystallization in plastically deformed metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "For plastically deformed metals, during the reheating process, when the temperature exceeds the recrystallization temperature, new grains with low defect density are formed, restoring their properties such as strength to the pre-deformation level, while the phase structure remains unchanged.", + "Recrystallization involves the formation of new phases with different crystal structures, accompanied by significant changes in chemical composition and mechanical properties.", + "During recrystallization, dislocations are completely eliminated, resulting in a perfect single crystal structure with zero defects.", + "Recrystallization occurs at temperatures below the melting point, where the metal transforms into an amorphous state before reforming crystalline grains." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit of diffusion flux is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/cm2·s", + "cm2/s", + "g/cm3·s", + "J/mol·K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion is the dominant mechanism for substitutional alloying elements in FCC metals", + "Vacancy diffusion requires higher activation energy than interstitial diffusion due to lattice distortion", + "Both mechanisms exhibit the same temperature dependence as described by the Arrhenius equation", + "Vacancy diffusion becomes negligible above the Debye temperature of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the theoretical density of α-Fe (given a=0.286nm for α-Fe, Ar(Fe)=55.85, NA=6.023×10²³). The theoretical density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.8740 g/cm³", + "7.9276 g/cm³", + "8.9123 g/cm³", + "7.1234 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between fibrous structure and texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fibrous structure refers to atomic-scale defects, while texture describes grain boundary arrangements", + "Both terms describe the same phenomenon but are used in different material systems", + "Fibrous structure involves physical elongation of microstructural features, while texture describes crystallographic orientation relationships", + "Texture is a 2D surface characteristic, while fibrous structure is a 3D bulk property" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the coordination number decreases, how does the atomic radius change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "First expands then contracts due to bond angle distortion", + "The radius expands because of decreased interatomic repulsion", + "Remains unchanged as it's an intrinsic property", + "The radius contracts due to reduced electron shielding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the differences between allotropic transformation and recrystallization transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The key difference lies in diffusion mechanisms: vacancy diffusion dominates recrystallization while interstitial diffusion controls allotropic transformation", + "Both processes are identical in mechanism but differ in driving forces: stress for recrystallization vs temperature for allotropic transformation", + "Recrystallization requires nucleation of new phases like allotropic transformation, but with different activation energies", + "Allotropic transformation involves changes in crystal structure and is thermodynamically driven, while recrystallization only rearranges existing grains without phase change" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and temperature, and explains the physical meaning of each parameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D=αTexp(-Q/RT), where α is the thermal diffusivity; Q is the energy barrier; R is the reaction constant; T is working temperature", + "D=D0exp(-Q/kT), where D0 is the diffusion constant; Q is the activation energy per atom; k is Boltzmann's constant; T is absolute temperature", + "D=D0Texp(-Q/RT), where D0 is the frequency factor; Q is the thermal activation energy; R is the material constant; T is process temperature", + "D=D0exp(-Q/RT), where D0 is the pre-exponential factor representing atomic vibration frequency; Q is the activation energy per mole; R is the universal gas constant; T is absolute temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the equilibrium crystallization process of the Fe-0.4%C alloy and indicate the phase composition at room temperature. Which of the following is the correct phase composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α+γ", + "γ+Fe3C", + "α+Fe3C", + "α+γ+Fe3C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the basic types of dislocations and their characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge dislocation: Burgers vector parallel to dislocation line, creates tensile strain field. Screw dislocation: Burgers vector perpendicular to dislocation line, creates shear strain field.", + "Edge dislocation: slip direction parallel to dislocation line, extra quarter-plane of atoms. Screw dislocation: slip direction at 45° to dislocation line, helical atomic arrangement.", + "Edge dislocation: slip direction perpendicular to dislocation line (⊥), extra half-plane of atoms. Screw dislocation: slip direction parallel to dislocation line, spiral atomic arrangement around the line.", + "Both types have slip directions at 45° to dislocation lines; edge dislocations create compressive strain while screw dislocations create torsional strain." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the recovery mechanism at medium temperatures of 0.3~0.5Tm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization nuclei form at prior grain boundaries, consuming deformed matrix", + "Vacancy diffusion dominates, leading to dislocation climb and polygonization", + "Grain boundary migration becomes the primary mechanism for dislocation reduction", + "Dislocations glide on slip planes, causing opposite sign dislocations to annihilate and rearrange within tangles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the factors affecting the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic size difference ≤15%, different valences, and similar thermal expansion coefficients", + "Ionic size difference ≤25%, same valence, and similar electronegativity", + "Ionic size difference ≤40%, same coordination number, and similar melting points", + "Ionic size difference ≤15%, same valence, and identical crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Pure zirconium requires 40 h and 1 h of isothermal annealing at 553°C and 627°C respectively to complete recrystallization. The recrystallization activation energy of this material is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.86×10^5 J/mol", + "2.45×10^5 J/mol", + "3.08×10^5 J/mol", + "4.12×10^5 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of special ceramics is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs when grain size exceeds 100nm due to dislocation pile-up dominance", + "Grain boundary sliding becomes the primary deformation mechanism below 10nm grain size", + "The critical grain size for transition between Hall-Petch and inverse behavior is material-independent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As a result of what reason, 'compositional defects' are inevitably produced in the crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal vibration of atoms at equilibrium positions", + "Dislocation movement during plastic deformation", + "Vacancy diffusion in high-temperature annealing", + "Doping of non-equivalent ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given erf(0.71)=0.68, what is the value of x/(2√(Dt))?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.355", + "0.68", + "1.42", + "0.71" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the difference in properties between the diffusing element and the solvent metal affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Property differences have no effect when temperature exceeds the melting point", + "The smaller the difference in properties, the larger the diffusion coefficient", + "Only the atomic radius difference affects the diffusion coefficient", + "The greater the difference in properties, the larger the diffusion coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for tungsten?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When yield strength drops below 100 MPa", + "800°C (1472°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (1450°C)", + "1200°C (2190°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the dislocation density in a certain crystal is known to be ρ=10^6~10^7 cm/cm^3, and the average length of F-R dislocation sources measured experimentally is 10^-4 cm, determine the number of F-R dislocation sources in the dislocation network.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "n=10^6~10^7 per cm^3", + "n=10^10~10^11 per cm^3", + "n=10^2~10^3 per cm^3", + "n=10^14~10^15 per cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can a material have a positive index of refraction less than unity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, near absorption resonances where the real part of refractive index can dip below unity", + "Yes, in certain metamaterials with engineered negative permeability", + "Yes, in highly anisotropic crystals where the effective refractive index varies with direction", + "No, because the phase velocity of light cannot exceed c in any material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals that have undergone pre-cold plastic deformation, recrystallization annealing should be performed before further cold plastic deformation, and the annealing temperature is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The glass transition temperature (Tg)", + "0.6Tm", + "0.4Tm", + "The temperature where yield strength equals ultimate tensile strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The main reason why it is difficult to form a single-phase structure in polymer alloys is that the alloy has", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Most polymer pairs exhibit positive heat of mixing due to incompatible solubility parameters", + "The high viscosity of molten polymers prevents adequate diffusion for homogeneous mixing", + "The entropic contribution to mixing is significantly reduced due to the large molecular weight of polymers", + "Crystallinity in semi-crystalline polymers creates thermodynamic barriers to single-phase formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the microstructures of HT150 and annealed 20 steel. Which of the following correctly describes their microstructures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150: F+P+G (graphite); 20 steel: F+P", + "HT150: P+B; 20 steel: F+P", + "HT150: F+P; 20 steel: F+P+G (graphite)", + "HT150: F+P+G (graphite); 20 steel: F+P+Fe3C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between matrix and dispersed phases in a composite material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both phases contribute equally to the overall density of the composite material", + "The dispersed phase has higher elastic modulus than the matrix phase in all composites", + "The matrix phase is a continuous phase that surrounds the noncontinuous dispersed phase", + "The matrix phase always determines the electrical conductivity regardless of the dispersed phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is special ceramics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Traditional ceramics modified with polymer additives to enhance ductility", + "Ceramics that exhibit superconductivity at room temperature through special doping techniques", + "Ceramics produced using high-purity synthetic raw materials to achieve superior properties compared to traditional ceramics", + "Ceramics processed using only natural raw materials but with nanostructured grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which kind of fracture (ductile or brittle) is associated with transgranular crack propagation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ductile fracture with significant plastic deformation", + "Brittle fracture with transgranular propagation", + "Ductile fracture along grain boundaries", + "Brittle fracture with intergranular propagation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the unit dislocation a/2 [101] can combine with the Shockley partial dislocation [121] to form a Frank partial dislocation, what is the Burgers vector of the newly formed Frank partial dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/3 [111]", + "a/2 [111]", + "a/6 [121]", + "a/3 [101]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the electrokinetic potential of clay colloids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The total surface charge density of clay particles when suspended in an electrolyte solution", + "The potential difference between the adsorption layer and diffuse layer during relative movement in a charged colloidal system", + "The maximum zeta potential achievable before colloidal flocculation occurs", + "The equilibrium redox potential at the clay-water interface under standard conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the main differences between amorphous and crystalline substances in terms of internal atomic arrangement and properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amorphous materials actually possess hidden crystalline domains that explain their mechanical properties, while perfect crystals are purely theoretical constructs", + "Both crystalline and amorphous materials have long-range atomic order, but only crystals show anisotropic properties due to their perfect lattice symmetry", + "Crystalline materials exhibit long-range atomic order and sharp melting points, while amorphous materials show short-range order only and undergo glass transition", + "The key difference is that crystalline materials always have higher density than amorphous forms of the same composition due to more efficient atomic packing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strength of industrial pure copper is $\\sigma{\\mathrm{s}}=70\\mathrm{MPa}$, with a grain size of $N{\\mathbf{A}}=18$ per $\\nearrow\\mathbf{mm}^{2}$; when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=4025$ per $/\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}$, $\\pmb{\\sigma{\\mathrm{s}}=95\\mathrm{MPa}}$; calculate the yield strength ${\\pmb{\\sigma}}{\\mathfrak{s}}$ when $N{\\mathrm{A}}=260$ per $\\scriptstyle\\left/\\mathbf{mm}^{2}\\right.$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "78.3 MPa", + "65.2 MPa", + "82.7 MPa", + "71.4 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The aging of polymer materials involves structural changes such as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cross-linking and scission", + "crystallization and plasticization", + "hydrogen bonding and chain alignment", + "oxidation and thermal degradation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, what is the composition of the first solid to form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15% Sn", + "8% Sn", + "2% Sn", + "19% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are common types of alloy that passivate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and Inconel 718", + "316L stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy", + "Cast iron and brass", + "Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy and Cu-Ni bronze" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 54.8 MPa √m (50 ksi √m.) is exposed to a stress of 1030 MPa(150,000 psi). Will this specimen experience fracture if the largest surface crack is 0.5mm ( 0.02 in.) long? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.0.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the stress intensity factor (40.9 MPa√m) exceeds the fracture toughness", + "Yes, because the crack length exceeds the critical flaw size for this stress level", + "No, because the alloy's yield strength (1450 MPa) prevents crack propagation", + "No, because the critical stress intensity factor (1380 MPa) exceeds the applied stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Into what categories can polymer materials be classified by application?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, composites, blends", + "Structural, functional, smart, biodegradable, conductive", + "Plastics, rubber, fibers, adhesives, coatings", + "Organic, inorganic, hybrid, natural, synthetic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming carbon atoms are all located in the octahedral interstices of γ-Fe, at 1000°C, 1.7 weight percent of carbon atoms are dissolved in γ-Fe. Calculate how many carbon atoms are present in 100 unit cells and determine the proportion of octahedral interstices occupied by carbon atoms (the atomic weight of iron is 55.85, and the atomic weight of carbon is 12.01).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16 carbon atoms and 4% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "32 carbon atoms and 8% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "64 carbon atoms and 16% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "8 carbon atoms and 2% of octahedral interstices occupied" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following elements are commonly used to improve hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, B", + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, C", + "Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, B", + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Al, B" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For screw dislocations, which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of the dislocation line direction, Burgers vector, and dislocation motion direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector, but the dislocation line is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is parallel to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is parallel to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In engineering, it is often considered that the grain size of steel does not grow when heated to 760°C, but will significantly grow at 870°C. If the original grain diameter of the steel is 0.05 mm, the empirical formula for grain growth is D^(1/n)−D0^(1/n)=c t, where D is the grain diameter after growth; D0 is the original grain diameter; c is the proportionality constant; t is the holding time. Given that at 760°C, n=0.1, c=6×10^(−16), the grain diameter of steel with a carbon content of 0.8% after holding at 760°C for 1 hour is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0524 mm", + "0.0508 mm", + "0.0492 mm", + "0.0516 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of $\\mathbf{M}_{\\mathbf{g}}\\mathbf{O}$ is $3.58\\:\\mathbf{g}/\\mathrm{cm}^{3}$, and its lattice constant is $0.42\\mathfrak{n m}$. Determine the number of Schottky defects per unit cell of $\\mathbf{M}_{\\mathbf{g}}\\mathrm{O}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0523", + "0.0421", + "0.0287", + "0.0369" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the three categories of ceramic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Oxides; Carbides; Nitrides", + "Glass; Ceramics; Glass-ceramics", + "Structural; Functional; Bioceramics", + "Traditional; Advanced; Amorphous" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Tungsten-cobalt carbide is a composite material of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "WC and Co", + "W2C and Co", + "WC and Co3W", + "W2C and Co3W" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of continuous casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The process produces a continuous strand with uniform cross-section, ideal for secondary forming operations, with consistent chemical composition throughout.", + "The technique allows for rapid solidification rates, resulting in fine-grained microstructures similar to those achieved through powder metallurgy.", + "Continuous casting enables precise control over dendrite arm spacing, making it superior to ingot casting for producing single-crystal components.", + "This method significantly reduces porosity compared to traditional casting, achieving densities comparable to hot isostatic pressing." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the center of gravity rule?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The rule applies only to isomorphous systems where components have complete solid solubility", + "The composition of a two-phase alloy can be determined by the lever rule along the tie-line", + "In ternary systems, the center of gravity represents the average composition of all possible phases", + "For an alloy in three-phase equilibrium, its composition point must lie at the centroid position of the conjugate triangle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the diffusion coefficient of intrinsic diffusion and temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D=D0exp(-(ΔHf + ΔHm)/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-ΔHm/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-ΔHf/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-(ΔHf/2 + ΔHm)/RT)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the temperature increases from 20℃ to 1020℃, the lattice constant expands by (4 × 10^-4)%, and the density decreases by 0.012%. Assuming the total mass remains unchanged, the total volume change rate ΔV/V is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.016%", + "0.004%", + "0.012%", + "0.008%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do dislocations strengthen metallic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations create vacancies that harden the material through solid solution strengthening", + "Dislocations increase the elastic modulus by reducing atomic spacing", + "Dislocation motion is hindered by other dislocations, requiring higher stress for plastic deformation", + "Dislocations reduce grain boundary mobility, preventing recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the differences between pearlite, bainite, and spheroidite relative to microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite and bainite both form layered structures, while spheroidite is distinguished by its martensitic matrix", + "Pearlite consists of spherical cementite, bainite has alternating layers, and spheroidite forms needle-like structures", + "All three structures have identical cementite morphology but differ in ferrite crystal structure", + "Pearlite has alternating layers of α-ferrite and cementite, bainite forms needle-like cementite in α-ferrite matrix, and spheroidite has spherical cementite particles in α-ferrite matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the crystallographic direction in the diamond structure defined by the points (0,0,0) and $(\\frac{3}{4},\\frac{3}{4},\\frac{1}{4})$. Which of the following is the correct crystallographic direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[111]", + "[331]", + "[311]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes Sorbite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A high-temperature austenite decomposition product characterized by spheroidized cementite particles in a ferrite matrix", + "A product of medium-temperature pearlite transformation, composed of lamellar ferrite and cementite, with smaller interlamellar spacing and thinner layers", + "A metastable transition phase between pearlite and bainite with unique dislocation substructures", + "An ultra-fine pearlite variant formed under extreme quenching conditions with nanometer-scale lamellae" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does crystal slip usually occur on the most closely packed atomic planes and directions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The most closely packed planes have the highest elastic modulus, making them more resistant to deformation", + "Slip occurs where the Burgers vector is minimized, which coincides with the most closely packed directions", + "The highest atomic density planes require the least energy for dislocation movement due to maximum interplanar spacing", + "Close-packed directions have the lowest surface energy, facilitating dislocation glide" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A thermally activated diffusion-controlled transformation that follows classical nucleation and growth kinetics", + "A diffusionless phase transformation occurring through coordinated atomic shear, resulting in a characteristic lenticular microstructure", + "A reversible displacive transformation that always results in perfect crystallographic registry between parent and product phases", + "An interface-controlled transformation where the rate is determined by atomic mobility across the phase boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Visible light having a wavelength of 5 x 10^-7 m appears green. What is the frequency of a photon of this light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6 x 10^14 s^-1", + "1.5 x 10^15 s^-1", + "3 x 10^8 m/s", + "1.67 x 10^-15 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For alloy C with atomic weight 127.3 g/mol, density 9.23 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.142 mm, its crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)", + "Face-centered cubic (FCC)", + "Body-centered cubic (BCC)", + "Simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Where should hydrogen atoms be located in the aluminum lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries where hydrogen can be trapped by defects", + "Tetrahedral interstices because hydrogen's small radius fits better in smaller voids", + "Substitutional sites replacing aluminum atoms to form stable hydrides", + "Octahedral interstices due to their larger size compared to tetrahedral sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The first law of diffusion applies to steady-state diffusion, and its mathematical expression can be written as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "J=-D(d^2c/dx^2)", + "J=Ddc/dx", + "J=-D(dc/dx)^2", + "J=-Ddc/dx" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do commercial oxides such as windows and beverage glass require the addition of CaO to SiO2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ca2+ ions break the SiO2 network structure, reducing bond density and lowering Tg for easier processing", + "CaO increases the refractive index to improve optical clarity in window glass", + "Calcium ions enhance the glass network connectivity by forming additional Si-O-Ca bonds", + "CaO acts as a flux to completely dissolve the silica network at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Inverse spinel structure的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inverse spinel structure: It belongs to the tetragonal crystal system, where oxygen ions form a body-centered cubic arrangement. Divalent cations A and trivalent cations B are randomly distributed in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites.", + "Inverse spinel structure: It belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, where oxygen ions form a hexagonal close-packed arrangement. Trivalent cations B occupy all octahedral sites, while divalent cations A are distributed in tetrahedral sites.", + "Inverse spinel structure: It belongs to the cubic crystal system, where oxygen ions form a face-centered cubic arrangement. Divalent cations A occupy all tetrahedral sites, while trivalent cations B fill all octahedral sites.", + "Inverse spinel structure: It belongs to the cubic crystal system, where oxygen ions can be considered to be arranged in a cubic close-packed structure. Divalent cations A occupy octahedral sites, while trivalent cations B are half-filled in octahedral sites and half-filled in tetrahedral sites." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A liquid cast iron has a density of 7.65 g/cm3. Immediately after solidification, the density of the solid cast iron is found to be 7.71 g/cm3. What is the percent volume change that occurs during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.77%", + "0.78%", + "0.77%", + "0.83%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the twinning mechanism in the analysis of the mechanisms and manifestations of plastic deformation in materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning is a mode of plastic deformation that occurs when a crystal cannot undergo slip, involving uniform shear deformation with mirror-symmetric crystal parts", + "Twinning is an elastic deformation mechanism where atoms temporarily shift positions but return to original locations after stress removal", + "Twinning occurs when dislocations pile up at grain boundaries, causing localized lattice rotation without symmetry", + "Twinning is a diffusion-controlled process where atoms migrate to create new crystal orientations under stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two possible adverse consequences of internal residual stresses in metal components?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reduced thermal conductivity and increased hardness", + "Distortion and fracture", + "Enhanced corrosion resistance and improved ductility", + "Decreased yield strength and accelerated creep" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these two microconstituents are 0.286 and 0.714, respectively. What is the concentration of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.77%", + "0.55%", + "0.22%", + "0.40%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the (100) interplanar spacing of a face-centered cubic metal? (a is the lattice constant)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "d=a/√2", + "d=a/2", + "d=a/√3", + "d=a" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What property must the medium exhibit for slurry peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acidic", + "Alkaline", + "Neutral", + "Depends on the zeta potential of the particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is the range of high, medium, and low alloy steels usually divided?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High alloy steel: wMe>20%, medium alloy steel: wMe=10%~20%, low alloy steel: wMe<10%", + "High alloy steel: wMe>15%, medium alloy steel: wMe=8%~15%, low alloy steel: wMe<8%", + "High alloy steel: wMe>5%, medium alloy steel: wMe=2%~5%, low alloy steel: wMe<2%", + "High alloy steel: wMe>10%, medium alloy steel: wMe=5%~10%, low alloy steel: wMe<5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the primary differences between addition and condensation polymerization techniques?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The degree of polymerization in addition reactions is limited by stoichiometric balance, unlike in condensation polymerization", + "Condensation polymers always contain heteroatoms in the backbone whereas addition polymers are exclusively carbon-based", + "Addition polymerization produces water as a byproduct while condensation polymerization does not generate any small molecules", + "Addition polymerization requires an initiator while condensation polymerization proceeds spontaneously at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does Mg2[SiO4] belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Island", + "Chain", + "Sheet", + "Framework" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that contains 99.7 lb_{m} copper, 102 lb_{m} zinc, and 2.1 lb_{m} lead?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{at}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{at}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{wt}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{wt}%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For pure iron carburized at $950\\mathrm{\\textperthousand}$, it is desired to achieve a carbon content of $\\mathfrak{w}{1}\\left(\\mathbb{C}\\right)=0,9\\%$ at a depth of $0.1\\mathrm{mm}$. Assuming the surface carbon content remains at $w{2}\\left(\\mathsf{C}\\right)=1.20\\%$, and the diffusion coefficient $D_{\\mathtt{Y F e}}{=}10^{{-}10}\\ensuremath{\\mathbf{m}}^{2}/\\mathbf{s},$, calculate the minimum carburization time required to meet this requirement.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "81.75 s", + "654 s", + "163.5 s", + "327 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that CaO is added as an impurity to CaCl2. If the O2- substitutes for Cl-, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form and how many of these vacancies are created for every O2- added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Calcium vacancies, 2 per O2-", + "Chlorine vacancies, 1 per O2-", + "Chlorine interstitials, 1 per O2-", + "Oxygen vacancies, 0.5 per O2-" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do real solid solutions often not conform to Vegard's law?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because Vegard's law only applies to liquid solutions, not solid solutions", + "Due to the strict requirement of Vegard's law for identical atomic radii of constituent elements", + "Because Vegard's law assumes ideal mixing behavior that neglects electron concentration effects", + "Owing to the mathematical limitation of Vegard's law to binary systems only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the inherent grain size of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The grain size stabilized by Zener pinning at 0.8Tm of the material", + "The initial grain size observed immediately after austenitization at Ac3 temperature", + "The minimum achievable grain size through severe plastic deformation", + "The grain size measured after heating to 930°C ± 10°C for 8 hours followed by cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is deformation texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The preferential alignment of crystal orientations due to plastic deformation", + "The surface roughness pattern caused by mechanical working", + "The change in optical properties during strain hardening", + "The residual stress distribution after cold working" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, what are the compositions of the α phase and γ phase in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999; γ: wC=0.0046, wFe=0.9954", + "α: wC=0.002, wFe=0.998; γ: wC=0.002, wFe=0.998", + "α: wC=0.0046, wFe=0.9954; γ: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999", + "α: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999; γ: wC=0.022, wFe=0.978" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the periodic table, how do the properties of elements in the same main group change from top to bottom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The metallic character decreases as atomic orbitals become more diffuse", + "The ionization energy increases due to stronger nuclear shielding effects", + "The electron affinity becomes more negative with increasing principal quantum number", + "The atomic radius decreases as additional electron shells are filled" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the volume fraction crystallinity and density of two crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene samples as φ₁=51.3%, φ₂=74.2% and ρ₁=2.144 g/cm³, ρ₂=2.215 g/cm³, respectively, what are the densities of completely crystalline and completely amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ρ_c = 2.296 g/cm³ and ρ_a = 1.984 g/cm³", + "ρ_c = 2.215 g/cm³ and ρ_a = 2.144 g/cm³", + "ρ_c = 2.144 g/cm³ and ρ_a = 2.215 g/cm³", + "ρ_c = 1.984 g/cm³ and ρ_a = 2.296 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the general structural zones of an ingot?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "chill zone, columnar crystal zone, and central equiaxed crystal zone", + "nucleation zone, dendritic growth zone, and homogenization zone", + "surface zone, transition zone, and core zone", + "solidification front, mushy zone, and fully solidified region" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a φ5mm carbon steel sample with a carbon mass fraction of w_c=0.012, after quenching at 860°C and then tempering, which of the following describes how the microstructure changes during the tempering process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Above 300°C, rapid carbide coarsening occurs while α-phase remains in highly dislocated state", + "Between 100-200°C, ε-carbides precipitate causing significant hardness increase due to coherent strain fields", + "At 200-300°C, retained austenite transforms into fresh martensite rather than tempered martensite", + "During tempering below 100°C, carbon atoms cluster forming carbon-rich regions without carbide precipitation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the equivalent time required to achieve the same carburization depth at 1000°C (1273K) as 10 hours at 900°C (1173K), given Q=32900 cal/mol and R=1.987 cal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.214 h", + "1.832 h", + "5.647 h", + "3.299 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron containing 0.05 % C is heated to 912 degrees C in an atmosphere that produces 1.20 % C at the surface and is held for 24 h. The carbon content at 0.05 cm beneath the surface if the iron is FCC is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.72 % C", + "1.12 % C", + "0.95 % C", + "0.05 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After water interacts with clay, what can be found around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electric double layer with fixed charge density", + "Hydrated cations in Stern layer", + "Loosely bound water", + "Free water molecules with bulk properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can shot peening and surface rolling significantly improve the fatigue limit of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The treatments create a smoother surface finish that reduces stress concentration factors", + "The surface treatments increase the elastic modulus of the material, making it more resistant to cyclic deformation", + "The mechanical impacts refine the grain structure throughout the entire material volume, improving overall strength", + "The processes create a work-hardened surface layer with compressive stresses that counteract tensile stresses and delay crack initiation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is drying shrinkage greater for slip cast or hydroplastic products that have smaller clay particles?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Smaller particles have higher surface energy, leading to stronger capillary forces during drying", + "Smaller particles exhibit greater elastic deformation under compressive stresses during drying", + "The Van der Waals forces between smaller particles are more sensitive to moisture content", + "Smaller clay particles have lower packing density, creating more void spaces for water retention" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an FCC single crystal, which of the following statements about the surface energy for (100) and (111) planes is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both planes have equal surface energy since they are crystallographically equivalent in FCC", + "The (111) plane has higher surface energy because it contains more broken bonds per unit area", + "The (100) plane has higher surface energy due to lower atomic packing density compared to (111)", + "The (100) plane has lower surface energy because its surface reconstruction is more energetically favorable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can't Cr12MoV steel be turned into stainless steel through heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because Cr is the main factor that makes steel corrosion-resistant. It can increase the electrode potential of the steel. If its mass fraction is small (below 13 %), the electrode potential cannot be significantly increased, nor can a single-phase structure be formed, so the corrosion resistance of the steel cannot be significantly improved.", + "Because the Mo content in Cr12MoV forms stable carbides that prevent chromium from diffusing to form a passive layer, making heat treatment ineffective for improving corrosion resistance.", + "Because the V element in Cr12MoV preferentially reacts with oxygen during heat treatment, consuming the oxygen needed for passive film formation on chromium.", + "Because the carbon content in Cr12MoV is too high, which leads to excessive carbide precipitation during heat treatment, reducing the effective chromium content available for corrosion resistance." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the composition of HT150 and annealed 20 steel. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The main compositional difference is the presence of chromium in 20 steel for corrosion resistance", + "Both materials have nearly identical phosphorus and sulfur content due to modern refining processes", + "HT150 has higher carbon content but lower silicon content than annealed 20 steel", + "Annealed 20 steel contains more carbon than HT150 to achieve its higher strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the minimum recrystallization temperature of iron, 723 K, select the recrystallization annealing temperature for iron:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "T=723 K", + "T=823∼923 K", + "T=1023∼1123 K", + "T=623 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which electron subshell is being filled for the rare earth series of elements on the periodic table?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4d", + "5d", + "6s", + "4f" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于再结晶退火的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization annealing: For plastically deformed metals, during the reheating process, when the temperature exceeds the recrystallization temperature, new grains with low defect density are formed, restoring properties such as strength to their pre-deformation levels, while the phase structure remains unchanged.", + "Recrystallization annealing involves heating cold-worked metals above their melting point to eliminate dislocations and restore ductility, resulting in a complete phase transformation to austenite.", + "During recrystallization annealing, the primary mechanism is diffusion-controlled grain boundary migration, which always leads to a decrease in both strength and hardness compared to the cold-worked state.", + "Recrystallization annealing temperature is strictly defined as 0.4 times the absolute melting temperature of the material, regardless of prior deformation level or alloy composition." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is it still necessary to develop ledeburitic steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because its eutectic microstructure provides better corrosion resistance than martensitic steels", + "To achieve ultra-high hardness (>65 HRC) while maintaining sufficient toughness for cutting tool applications", + "To combine the formability of austenitic steels with the strength of pearlitic steels", + "For applications requiring exceptional creep resistance at temperatures above 1000°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the physical meaning of the equilibrium partition coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dimensionless number characterizing solute trapping efficiency at ultra-rapid solidification rates", + "The thermodynamic parameter describing solute solubility limits in crystalline lattices at room temperature", + "The diffusion coefficient ratio between solute atoms in liquid and solid phases during non-equilibrium cooling", + "The ratio of solute concentrations in solid and liquid phases at equilibrium, determining solute redistribution during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of allotriomorphic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Allotriomorphic transformation is primarily a phase change that occurs in pure components in the solid state, with no compositional changes, controlled by short-range diffusion processes", + "Allotriomorphic transformation involves long-range diffusion and significant compositional changes, typically observed in alloy systems", + "Allotriomorphic transformation is a surface phenomenon requiring liquid phase participation, commonly seen in rapid solidification processes", + "Allotriomorphic transformation is governed by dislocation motion and results in anisotropic grain growth patterns" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the pair of polymers: branched and syndiotactic polypropylene with a degree of polymerization of 5000; linear and isotactic polypropylene with a degree of polymerization of 3000, which one has a higher tensile modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The branched and syndiotactic polypropylene due to its higher degree of polymerization", + "The linear and isotactic polypropylene due to its more regular chain packing", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the crystallinity percentages", + "They would have identical tensile moduli since both are polypropylene" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes metal glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A crystalline metal with glass-like optical properties achieved through nanostructuring", + "A composite material combining glass fibers with a metallic matrix for enhanced strength", + "A transparent metallic alloy created through rapid quenching techniques", + "A solid formed when metal solidifies from a liquid state, retaining the same structure as the liquid metal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what temperature or temperature range is eutectic cementite formed and what is the reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1495°C, peritectic reaction: L+δ→γ", + "727°C, eutectoid reaction: γ→(α+Fe3C)", + "1148°C, eutectic reaction: L→(γ+Fe3C)", + "912°C, allotropic transformation: α→γ" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the face-centered cubic crystal structure, the close-packed plane is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{111} plane", + "{110} plane", + "{100} plane", + "{112} plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes up-hill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The accelerated diffusion observed in nanomaterials due to high surface-to-volume ratio", + "The diffusion of atoms from a low concentration to a high concentration region, driven by the chemical potential gradient", + "The temperature-dependent reversal of diffusion direction in binary alloys", + "The anomalous diffusion behavior caused by vacancy clustering in irradiated materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For annealed pure iron with a grain size of $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=250$ grains/mm², calculate its yield strength $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}$ based on the given data: when $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=16$ grains/mm², $\\sigma_{\\textrm{s}}=100$ MPa; when $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=4~096$ grains/mm², $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}=250\\mathrm{MPa}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "210.6 MPa", + "175.2 MPa", + "89.3 MPa", + "129.5 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing fraction for BCC lithium in the (100) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.740", + "0.680", + "0.589", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Niobium (Nb) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.143nm and an atomic weight of 92.91g/mol. What is the theoretical density for Nb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.57 g/cm³", + "7.82 g/cm³", + "9.14 g/cm³", + "8.48 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Although the relative molecular mass of HF is relatively low, why is the boiling temperature of HF (19.4 ℃) higher than that of HCl (-85 ℃)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HF forms hydrogen bonds while HCl only has dipole-dipole interactions", + "The higher electronegativity difference in HF leads to stronger ionic character", + "HF has a larger molecular surface area allowing more London dispersion forces", + "The smaller size of fluorine creates stronger orbital overlap in HF" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Al-Mg alloy, $x_{\\mathrm{Mg}}=0.05$, what is the mass fraction of Mg ($w_{\\mathrm{Mg}}$) in the alloy (given that the relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.31 and Al is 26.98)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0453", + "0.0500", + "0.0431", + "0.0472" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the bubble density in tungsten wire increases from 100/cm² to 400/cm², the tensile strength can approximately double, because bubbles can hinder dislocation motion. Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism by which bubbles impede dislocation motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mechanism by which bubbles hinder dislocation motion is that when dislocations pass through bubbles, they cut the bubbles, increasing the area of the bubble-metal interface. This requires additional external shear stress to perform work, thereby enhancing the strength of tungsten metal.", + "Bubbles act as pinning points that physically block dislocation motion through elastic strain field interactions, similar to how precipitates strengthen alloys through Orowan bowing mechanism.", + "The increased bubble density reduces the mean free path of electrons, which indirectly affects dislocation mobility through changes in the Fermi surface and electronic drag effects.", + "Bubbles create compressive stress fields that repel dislocations through long-range elastic interactions, analogous to the strengthening mechanism in misfit-hardened alloys." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What causes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "uneven particle size distribution in the initial powder", + "presence of trace amounts of glass-forming oxides", + "application of external magnetic field during sintering", + "exact stoichiometric ratio of constituent elements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the actual tensile strength of ceramics lower than the theoretical yield strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Due to stress concentration at inherent microcracks exceeding theoretical strength", + "Because ceramic powders have lower packing density than metal powders", + "Owing to the absence of dislocation movement in ceramic crystal structures", + "Due to the higher elastic modulus of ceramics compared to metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the number of clusters containing 10 atoms in 1cm³ of copper at its melting point temperature. The atomic volume of liquid copper is 1.6×10⁻²⁹m³, the surface energy is 0.177J/m², and the melting point is 1356K. The number of clusters is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.64×10¹² cm⁻³", + "1.13×10¹⁴ cm⁻³", + "3.72×10⁸ cm⁻³", + "8.85×10¹⁰ cm⁻³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an n-type semiconductor:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs is higher than its hole mobility due to smaller effective mass", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs is primarily limited by ionized impurity scattering at 300K", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs shows a T^3/2 temperature dependence due to acoustic phonon scattering", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs decreases with increasing temperature above room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the degree of supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical undercooling required to bypass all heterogeneous nucleation sites", + "The maximum temperature drop achievable before nucleation occurs in an ideal undercooled liquid", + "The difference between glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature in amorphous alloys", + "The temperature difference between the melting point and the actual solidification start point under rapid cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Contrast the manner in which stress relaxation and viscoelastic creep tests are conducted. Which of the following correctly describes the difference?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both tests apply constant stress but measure different parameters: stress relaxation tracks modulus changes while creep tracks permanent deformation", + "Stress relaxation tests maintain constant strain while measuring stress decay, whereas creep tests maintain constant stress while measuring strain increase", + "Stress relaxation uses compressive loading while creep uses tensile loading, with both maintaining constant crosshead speed", + "The key difference lies in temperature control: stress relaxation requires isothermal conditions whereas creep tests allow temperature fluctuations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the formation and movement characteristics of Frank partial dislocations in face-centered cubic crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frank partial dislocations originate from impurity segregation, with Burgers vectors perpendicular to the slip plane, but can still glide through thermal activation.", + "Frank partial dislocations result from shear deformation, with Burgers vectors parallel to the slip plane, enabling them to glide easily through the crystal lattice.", + "Frank partial dislocations form through vacancy condensation, with Burgers vectors at 60° to the slip plane, allowing both glide and climb mechanisms.", + "Frank partial dislocations are caused by the removal or insertion of a close-packed plane, and their Burgers vector is perpendicular to the slip plane. Therefore, Frank partial dislocations cannot glide but can only climb." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly compares the coherency during the transformations of bainite, pearlite, and martensite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three transformations maintain full coherency with the parent phase through invariant plane strain", + "Pearlite transformation has no coherency, while bainite and martensite transformations have shear coherency and produce surface relief", + "Only martensite maintains coherency via shear deformation, while pearlite and bainite lose coherency through diffusion", + "Bainite transformation is fully coherent like martensite, while pearlite develops partial coherency at colony boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes intrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress-induced diffusion where lattice defects migrate under applied mechanical load", + "Atomic movement caused by external impurities creating excess vacancies in the lattice", + "Grain boundary diffusion that dominates at lower temperatures due to reduced activation energy", + "Diffusion driven by thermal vacancies in a perfect crystal lattice, requiring both vacancy formation and migration energies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a quenched alloy, precipitation begins to form from the supersaturated solid solution after aging at $15^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ for 1h. If aging is performed at $100^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, precipitation starts after $1\\mathfrak{min}$. To prevent precipitation within 1 day after quenching, at what temperature should the alloy be maintained? (Hint: Apply the Arrhenius rate equation)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "323K (50°C)", + "273K (0°C)", + "298K (25°C)", + "243K (-30°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In fiber-reinforced composites, which of the following fibers have relatively good performance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alumina fiber (polycrystalline)", + "Polyethylene fiber (ultra-high molecular weight)", + "Steel fiber (austenitic stainless grade)", + "Carbon fiber (high modulus grade)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the density is increased to 10^10 mm^-2 by cold working, what would be the chain length of dislocations in 1000 mm^3 of material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.5 x 10^7 light-years", + "3.1 x 10^6 km", + "1.0 x 10^10 mm", + "6.2 x 10^6 miles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficient of O in Al2O3, D0(O) = 0.19 m^2/s, and the activation energy Q = 636 kJ/mol, what is its diffusion coefficient D at a temperature of 2000 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "636 m^2/s", + "1.2×10^-15 m^2/s", + "0.19 m^2/s", + "4.7×10^-18 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Linear polymers can be reused and are called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "thermoplastic", + "thermosetting", + "elastomeric", + "cross-linked" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic insulator contains $1\\%$ (by volume) of pores after sintering, with the pores being cubes of side length $13.7\\mathrm{mm}$. If during the manufacturing process, the powder can be pressed to contain $24\\%$ pores, what should the size of the mold be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "13.7 mm", + "15.0 mm", + "17.2 mm", + "12.5 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\n| σ_f (MPa) | P |\n|-----------|---|\n| 70 | 0.10 |\n| 60 | 0.15 |\n\nCompute the flexural strength for a completely nonporous specimen of this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "82.6 MPa", + "95.3 MPa", + "110.4 MPa", + "77.9 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a perfect dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A dislocation with zero strain energy in its core region", + "A dislocation whose Burgers vector equals a lattice vector", + "A dislocation that perfectly follows the crystal symmetry planes", + "A dislocation whose Burgers vector magnitude equals the interatomic spacing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In substitutional solid solution alloys, the diffusion of solute atoms is achieved through .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Collective oscillation of electron clouds", + "Direct interstitial hopping between lattice sites", + "Vacancy-mediated atomic exchange", + "Grain boundary sliding mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the relationship between grain diameter and annealing time d²=kt, given that the grain diameter is 23μm after annealing for 30 minutes, the value of the constant k is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.76 μm²/s", + "35.3 μm/min", + "529 μm²", + "17.6 μm²/min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A stress-strain test is performed on an aligned fibrous composite such that the force is applied in the longitudinal direction. During the initial stage of the test, which phase bears most of the load?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Load distribution is equal between fibers and matrix in the elastic region", + "The matrix carries most load initially due to better strain compatibility with testing equipment", + "The load is primarily borne by the fibers due to their higher elastic modulus", + "Interfacial shear stress dominates the initial load transfer mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the effect of cooling rate on metal microstructure, how should the solidification be controlled to obtain an amorphous structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Use a two-stage cooling process with initial slow cooling followed by rapid quenching", + "Maintain the molten metal just below its melting point for extended periods to allow atomic rearrangement", + "Apply high pressure during solidification to suppress crystal nucleation", + "Cool the molten metal at a rate exceeding its critical cooling rate for crystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a disordered solid solution transforms into an ordered solid solution, the general trend in the change of alloy properties is: electrical conductivity", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increases due to reduced electron scattering", + "decreases due to enhanced lattice periodicity", + "remains unchanged as Fermi level is preserved", + "first increases then decreases with ordering parameter" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does chemical composition affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher atomic number elements enhance diffusion by increasing atomic vibrations", + "Alloying elements always increase diffusion by creating more vacancies", + "Chemical composition has no effect on diffusion coefficient", + "The addition of chemical elements hinders diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The usage state of plastic is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress-strain curve of a ductile polymer shows no yield point under standard testing conditions", + "The glass transition temperature (Tg) of an amorphous polymer is the temperature at which it becomes completely liquid", + "The viscoelastic behavior of polymers is best described by Hooke's law alone", + "The elastic modulus of a polymer is primarily determined by its degree of crystallinity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a congruent phase transformations there are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No change in crystal structure symmetry", + "Simultaneous change in both composition and crystal structure", + "Only change in composition while maintaining the same crystal structure", + "A discontinuous change in free energy with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following electrical characteristics for both intrinsic and p-type extrinsic indium phosphide ( \\mathrm{InP} ) at room temperature, calculate the electron and hole mobilities:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "μₑ = 0.05 m²/V·s, μₕ = 1.25 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.02 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.50 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 1.25 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.05 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.50 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.02 m²/V·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{Ca}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial calcium atom", + "Calcium vacancy in the crystal lattice", + "Ca atom located at the Ca atom site", + "Calcium substitutional defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of void does the Cs+ ion occupy in CsCl crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cubic", + "Octahedral", + "Tetrahedral", + "Trigonal bipyramidal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In ionic crystals, the diffusion rate of cations is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion rates are identical due to charge neutrality requirements", + "Anions diffuse faster because their larger polarizability facilitates bond breaking", + "The activation energy for cation diffusion is always lower due to smaller ionic radii", + "Cations diffuse slower in oxides but faster in halides due to coordination effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an AB-type compound crystal with a face-centered cubic structure, the molecular weight of the AB compound is 26, and its measured density is 2.6g/cm3. Based on this, the unit cell parameter of the AB crystal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.38nm", + "0.52nm", + "0.41nm", + "0.45nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the meaning of the steel grade 16Mn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16Mn is a high-carbon tool steel with 16% Mn content for wear resistance", + "16Mn is a low-alloy structural steel, wc=0.16%, wMn=1.4%", + "16Mn represents a stainless steel grade with 16% Cr and balanced Mn", + "16Mn indicates a dual-phase steel with 16% ferrite and 84% martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phenomenon of abnormal growth of a few grains occurring when normal growth is inhibited after the completion of recrystallization", + "A second stage of recrystallization that occurs at higher temperatures than primary recrystallization", + "The process where previously recrystallized grains undergo further refinement through additional heat treatment", + "The simultaneous occurrence of recrystallization and grain growth during thermal processing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method to refine grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding grain refiners (e.g., TiB2)", + "Decreasing the pouring temperature", + "Increasing the cooling rate", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of an extended dislocation in Al. Given the lattice constant of Al a = 0.404 nm, shear modulus G = 3×10^6 N/cm^2, and stacking fault energy γ_I = 166×10^-6 J/m^2. The equilibrium width is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.45×10^-7 m", + "1.23×10^-7 m", + "7.82×10^-7 m", + "3.91×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, is it possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other? Linear and syndiotactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol; linear and atactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 750,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the higher molecular weight of atactic PP compensates for its lower tacticity", + "Yes, syndiotactic PP always has higher Tm due to its regular chain packing", + "Yes, atactic PP has higher Tm because its higher molecular weight dominates", + "No, because tacticity and molecular weight effects cannot be separated in this comparison" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for atomic diffusion", + "The temperature gradient across the material", + "The interfacial energy between the phases", + "The free energy difference between the new and old phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the arrangement of silicon-oxygen frameworks in silicate crystals and silicate glasses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Silicate glasses maintain short-range order similar to crystals, but with varying bond angles that disrupt medium-range order", + "Both silicate crystals and glasses exhibit long-range order in silicon-oxygen frameworks, but with different symmetry elements", + "In silicate crystals, the silicon-oxygen frameworks are arranged in an orderly manner according to certain symmetrical rules; in silicate glasses, the arrangement of silicon-oxygen frameworks is disordered", + "The primary difference lies in the coordination number of silicon atoms: 4 in crystals and variable in glasses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Homogeneous nucleation of crystal nuclei relies on which of the following to provide nucleation work equivalent to the interfacial energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "surface tension gradient", + "lattice vibration amplitude", + "energy fluctuation", + "critical undercooling temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Linear polymers can be reused and are also called what kind of plastic; cross-linked polymers cannot be reused and are called what kind of plastic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermosetting, thermoplastic", + "Thermoplastic, thermosetting", + "Elastomer, thermoplastic", + "Thermoplastic, elastomer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are residual thermal stresses introduced into a glass piece when it is cooled?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Owing to the Poisson's ratio effect creating shear stresses during thermal contraction", + "Because the glass transition temperature causes sudden volume expansion during cooling", + "As a result of crystallization-induced phase transformation stresses during cooling", + "Due to differential cooling rates between surface and interior regions causing non-uniform contraction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relative content of each phase when an alloy containing 0.40% C is cooled to room temperature under equilibrium conditions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w_α=92%; w_Fe3C=8%", + "w_α=88%; w_Fe3C=12%", + "w_α=96%; w_Fe3C=4%", + "w_α=94%; w_Fe3C=6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical nickel wire 2.0 mm(0.08 in.) in diameter and 3 × 10^{4}mm (1200 in.) long. When a load of 300N(67 lb^{2}) is applied and assuming that the deformation is totally elastic, what is its elongation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.9 mm (0.27 in.)", + "13.8 mm (0.53 in.)", + "27.6 mm (1.06 in.)", + "3.45 mm (0.13 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the corrosion of engineering materials and bonding?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The rate of corrosion is inversely proportional to the strength of covalent bonds in the material", + "Corrosion is primarily a surface phenomenon unrelated to bulk material bonding", + "Corrosion involves the breaking of metallic bonds and formation of ionic bonds with environmental elements", + "Corrosion resistance depends solely on the density of metallic bonds per unit volume" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a solution, which of the following is present in the higher concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in single-crystal silicon wafer used for semiconductor fabrication", + "The dislocation density in cold-worked aluminum (AA6061) after 50% reduction", + "The dislocation density in annealed pure copper (99.99%) at room temperature", + "The dislocation density in rapidly solidified metallic glass ribbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 00Cr18Ni10?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "00Cr18Ni10 is an austenitic stainless steel, with Wc≤0.08%, WCr=18%, WNi=8%", + "00Cr18Ni10 is a ferritic stainless steel, with Wc≤0.03%, WCr=18%, WNi=10%", + "00Cr18Ni10 is an austenitic stainless steel, with Wc≤0.03%, WCr=18%, WNi=10%", + "00Cr18Ni10 is a duplex stainless steel, with Wc≤0.03%, WCr=18%, WNi=10%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a common method for strengthening metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying uniform tensile stress", + "Increasing elastic modulus", + "Reducing dislocation density", + "Grain refinement strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are thermal conductivities higher for crystalline than noncrystalline ceramics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Noncrystalline ceramics have higher thermal expansion coefficients that disrupt phonon transmission pathways", + "The higher density of crystalline ceramics provides more atoms per unit volume to conduct heat through electron transport", + "Crystalline ceramics have long-range ordered atomic structures that allow efficient phonon propagation with minimal scattering", + "Crystalline ceramics contain fewer grain boundaries that would otherwise reflect thermal vibrations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After recrystallization is completed, grain growth can be divided into which two types?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary; secondary", + "normal; abnormal", + "continuous; discontinuous", + "isotropic; anisotropic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the lattice constant a=0.3625nm of a face-centered cubic solid solution and the average atomic mass A=10.56×10^-23g of the component atoms, what is the theoretical density ρ of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.42 g·cm^-3", + "8.87 g·cm^-3", + "9.31 g·cm^-3", + "6.98 g·cm^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains the error in the concept: 'Because the direction of each jump of solid atoms is random, the diffusion flux is zero under any circumstances.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The statement ignores the thermodynamic driving forces that create biased atomic jumps in non-equilibrium systems", + "Solid state diffusion cannot occur through random jumps due to lattice constraints", + "Diffusion flux is always non-zero due to quantum tunneling effects at atomic scales", + "The randomness assumption is incorrect as atoms follow predetermined diffusion paths in crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "One liquid and one solid", + "One liquid and two solid", + "Two liquids and one solid", + "Three solid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the hardness and microstructure in an eutectoid steel that has been heated to 300°C, quenched to 300°C and held for 10s, and finally quenched to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HRC=58 with tempered martensite and some pearlite", + "HRC=45 with a mixture of bainite and retained austenite", + "HRC=66 and the microstructure is all martensite", + "HRC=40 with predominantly upper bainite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the aggregate particles become bonded together in cements during setting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Via electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particle surfaces", + "By mechanical interlocking of angular aggregate particles", + "Through surface hydration reactions forming interparticle C-S-H gels", + "Through thermal sintering of cement particles during exothermic reactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In iron-carbon alloys, the five possible types of cementite, listed in order of formation temperature from high to low, are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary; secondary; eutectic; eutectoid; tertiary", + "eutectic; primary; secondary; eutectoid; tertiary", + "primary; eutectic; secondary; eutectoid; tertiary", + "eutectic; primary; eutectoid; secondary; tertiary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the [10 0] crystal direction in a hexagonal crystal (in units of lattice constants a and c)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "L = a", + "L = sqrt(a² + c²)", + "L = sqrt(3)*a", + "L = sqrt(a² + (c/2)²)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which category of compounds do silicone resins and silicone rubbers belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon-chain organic polymers", + "Heterochain organic polymers", + "Element-organic compounds", + "Inorganic polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural modulus of alumina is 45 × 10^{6} psi and its flexural strength is 46,000 psi. A bar of alumina 0.3 in. thick, 1.0 in. wide, and 10 in. long is placed on supports 7 in. apart. Determine the amount of deflection at the moment the bar breaks, assuming that no plastic deformation occurs. The deflection is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0355 in.", + "0.0421 in.", + "0.0186 in.", + "0.0278 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the minimum recrystallization temperature of copper being 542 K, what is the recrystallization annealing temperature for copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "800-900 K", + "542-600 K", + "400-500 K", + "643-743 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature, a sheet of iron (with a melting point of 1538°C) is bent back and forth. What phenomenon will occur as the bending continues?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening occurs initially, followed by fracture due to dislocation accumulation", + "Recrystallization occurs, leading to grain refinement and improved ductility", + "Phase transformation from α-Fe to γ-Fe occurs due to mechanical stress", + "The iron sheet will soften due to dynamic recovery at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Both MgO (NaCl-type structure) and Li2O (anti-fluorite-type structure) are based on the cubic close packing of oxygen, and the cations are in the gaps of this arrangement. Why are Frenkel-type point defects the main defects in Li2O?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li occupies octahedral voids which are larger, facilitating ion movement to interstitial sites", + "The anti-fluorite structure inherently creates more cation vacancies than anion vacancies", + "Li's small ionic radius allows easy diffusion through the oxygen sublattice", + "The high polarizability of oxygen ions in Li2O promotes cation displacement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When all the electrons in an atom occupy the lowest possible energy states, the atom is said to be in its:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size where grain boundary sliding dominates deformation", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows decreased yield strength with finer grain size because smaller grains have more defects per unit volume", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch relationship is temperature-independent as it only considers geometric constraints on dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the meaning of the rolling texture {110}<112> in face-centered cubic alloy α-brass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It describes a deformation texture where {110} slip planes are activated during cold rolling", + "It represents a recrystallization texture where {110} planes align with the annealing direction", + "It indicates a wire texture with <112> fiber axis parallel to the drawing direction", + "It is a sheet texture where {110} plane is parallel to the rolling plane and <112> direction is parallel to the rolling direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the physical meaning of diffusion activation energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy barrier that must be overcome during atomic jumps, which is the obstruction posed by surrounding atoms", + "The total kinetic energy of diffusing atoms when they reach the melting point of the material", + "The energy difference between the vacancy formation energy and the atomic jump energy", + "The minimum energy required to break all atomic bonds in the diffusion path simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal test bar with a length of 20cm and a cross-sectional area of 4cm² is fixed at the upper end and subjected to a tensile force of 980N at the lower end. At what angle θ is the shear stress maximum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "30°", + "45°", + "60°", + "0°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High cross-linking density and amorphous structure", + "Low glass transition temperature and high elasticity", + "High molecular weight and chain configurations enabling high crystallinity", + "Low molecular weight and branched chain structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the difference in molecular chemistry between silicone polymers and other polymeric materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of silicon atoms gives silicone polymers higher crystallinity than conventional polymers", + "Silicone polymers exhibit higher thermal conductivity due to their silicon-oxygen backbone structure", + "Silicone polymers have a backbone of alternating silicon-oxygen bonds, while most polymers have carbon-carbon backbones", + "Silicone polymers achieve their flexibility through carbon double bonds in the backbone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade GCr15SiMn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "GCr15SiMn is a spring steel containing 15% Cr and 1% Si for improved elasticity", + "GCr15SiMn is a tool steel with high carbon content (1.5%C) and 15% Cr for corrosion resistance", + "GCr15SiMn is a rolling bearing steel, wc=1.5%, Wc=1%, wsi=0.5%, WM=1.05%", + "GCr15SiMn is a stainless steel with 15% Cr and Mn added for austenite stabilization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal test bar with a length of 20cm and a cross-sectional area of 4cm² is fixed at the upper end, and a tensile force of 980N is applied at the lower end. What are the normal stress and shear stress on a plane that forms a 0° angle with the central axis of the metal test bar?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "normal stress σθ=245MPa; shear stress τθ=245MPa", + "normal stress σθ=245MPa; shear stress τθ=0", + "normal stress σθ=0; shear stress τθ=245MPa", + "normal stress σθ=0; shear stress τθ=0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the average spacing λ of Fe3C particles, given the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume N_v=1.43×10^13 1/m^3.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "41.2 μm", + "28.6 μm", + "51.8 μm", + "64.3 μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of order strengthening in alloys from a microstructure perspective and provides an example?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In ordered alloys, the formation of superdislocations requires simultaneous movement of partial dislocations, increasing the critical resolved shear stress. Example: Ni3Al intermetallic compounds in nickel-based superalloys.", + "Order strengthening occurs when solute atoms preferentially occupy interstitial sites, creating lattice strain fields that impede dislocation motion. Example: Carbon in ferritic steels.", + "The mechanism involves formation of coherent precipitates with different crystal structures from the matrix, generating interfacial dislocations. Example: θ' phase in Al-Cu alloys.", + "It results from the difference in elastic modulus between ordered domains and the matrix, causing stress concentration at phase boundaries. Example: Pearlite in eutectoid steels." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic structure refers to individual atoms whereas crystal structure refers to the periodic arrangement of unit cells", + "Atomic structure describes electron configurations while crystal structure describes atomic arrangements in solids", + "Atomic structure is about nuclear composition while crystal structure is about electron density distributions", + "Atomic structure determines chemical properties while crystal structure determines mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is high-speed steel generally not used for die-casting molds, and why was the steel grade 3Cr2W8V developed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-speed steel lacks sufficient thermal conductivity for efficient heat dissipation in die-casting applications", + "The tungsten content in high-speed steel causes excessive carbide precipitation at die-casting temperatures", + "High-speed steel's superior hardness leads to unacceptable tool brittleness under cyclic thermal loading", + "3Cr2W8V was specifically developed to optimize the cost-performance ratio for aluminum die-casting" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A heat-treated part is made of 55 steel with an effective thickness of 10 mm, requiring a quenched and tempered hardness of HRC 32-37. Using oil quenching and tempering can also achieve the hardness specified in the drawing. Analyze whether this treatment method is reasonable.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The method is reasonable because oil quenching achieves the specified hardness range with better dimensional stability than water quenching", + "The method is reasonable since the hardness requirement is relatively low and oil quenching can prevent excessive distortion", + "The method is not reasonable because oil quenching will produce pearlite instead of martensite, compromising mechanical properties despite meeting hardness requirements", + "The method is not reasonable because 55 steel requires water quenching to achieve full hardness before tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between the carriers in intrinsic semiconductors and doped semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The carrier mobility is identical in both cases, only the carrier concentration differs", + "Intrinsic semiconductors only have electrons as carriers, while doped semiconductors introduce holes through doping", + "Doped semiconductors eliminate all intrinsic carriers, creating purely donor or acceptor-based conduction", + "Intrinsic semiconductors have equal electron-hole pairs, while doped semiconductors have majority carriers determined by dopant type (electrons for n-type, holes for p-type)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider the diffusion of water vapor through a polypropylene (PP) sheet 2mm thick. The pressures of H₂O at the two faces are 1 kPa and 10 kPa, which are maintained constant. Assuming conditions of steady state, what is the diffusion flux [in cm³(STP)/cm²-s] at 298 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.42 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "1.71 × 10^{-6} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "1.71 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "8.55 × 10^{-8} cm³(STP)/cm²-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The process follows a diffusionless, shear-type phase transformation", + "The transformation occurs through atomic diffusion at elevated temperatures", + "It involves nucleation and growth mechanisms similar to precipitation hardening", + "The phase change is characterized by a significant volume expansion due to interstitial diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does increasing the degree of crystallinity of a semicrystalline polymer affect its tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Remains unchanged as amorphous regions dominate mechanical properties", + "Decreases because crystallites act as stress concentrators", + "Increases due to stronger intermolecular forces in crystalline regions", + "First increases then decreases due to crystal size exceeding critical defect size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum bar 125mm (5.0 in.) long and having a square cross section 16.5mm (0.65 in.) on an edge is pulled in tension with a load of 66,700N(15,000 lb) and experiences an elongation of 0.43 mm(1.7 × 10^{-2} in.). Assuming that the deformation is entirely elastic, the modulus of elasticity of the aluminum is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "71.2 GPa (10.4 × 10^{6} psi)", + "35.6 GPa (5.2 × 10^{6} psi)", + "142.4 GPa (20.8 × 10^{6} psi)", + "107.8 GPa (15.6 × 10^{6} psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors significantly affects atomic diffusion in crystalline solids by increasing the diffusion coefficient along grain boundaries and reducing activation energy for diffusion along dislocation pipes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystal defects", + "Elastic modulus", + "Thermal conductivity", + "Surface roughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the effect of polymer molecular weight on the viscous flow temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the molecular weight is smaller, the internal frictional resistance between molecular chains is reduced, making the relative movement of molecular chains easier, thus lowering the viscous flow temperature.", + "Higher molecular weight polymers exhibit lower viscous flow temperatures due to increased chain entanglement facilitating segmental motion.", + "Viscous flow temperature is independent of molecular weight but directly proportional to the degree of crystallinity in the polymer.", + "The viscous flow temperature decreases with molecular weight up to the critical entanglement molecular weight, then increases due to reptation dynamics." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the third criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Consequences of failure in terms of human safety and economic loss", + "Statistical variability of applied loads and material strengths", + "Accuracy of measurement of mechanical forces and/or material properties", + "Temperature dependence of material properties under service conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949 nm and contains one vacancy per 500 Pb atoms. The number of vacancies per gram of Pb is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.49 × 10^18 vacancies/g", + "1.16 × 10^19 vacancies/g", + "2.91 × 10^18 vacancies/g", + "5.82 × 10^18 vacancies/g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the Burgers vector of the shortest unit dislocation in an FCC crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/2<111>", + "a<100>", + "a/√2<110>", + "a/2<110>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In fluorite, what type of voids are entirely occupied by F- ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Trigonal bipyramidal", + "Octahedral", + "Cubic", + "Tetrahedral" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the phenomenon called when a metal with finer grains exhibits higher strength and hardness but lower plasticity and toughness compared to the same metal with coarser grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Hall-Petch effect", + "Grain refinement strengthening", + "Precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After heating T8 steel wire to 870°C and holding for 1h, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite with 0.8% C", + "Ferrite with 0.77% C", + "Austenite with 0.77% C", + "Pearlite with 0.77% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between a vertical section of a ternary phase diagram and a binary phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vertical section of a ternary diagram can never represent true phase equilibria, while a binary diagram always does", + "Binary diagrams show temperature-composition relationships, while ternary vertical sections show pressure-composition relationships", + "The main difference is that binary diagrams have two independent variables, while ternary vertical sections have three", + "Vertical sections of ternary diagrams are projections of 3D space onto 2D, while binary diagrams are inherently 2D representations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the periodic table, what are the differences in atomic structure of elements in the same period from left to right?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing nuclear charge is offset by greater electron-electron repulsion, resulting in larger atomic radius", + "Both nuclear charge and electron shielding increase proportionally, maintaining constant atomic radius", + "Nuclear charge increases but additional electron shells compensate, keeping atomic radius unchanged", + "Nuclear charge increases while electron shielding remains constant, leading to decreased atomic radius" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in critical shear stress between slip and twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip requires higher critical shear stress due to dislocation nucleation energy", + "The critical shear stress for twinning is typically 5-10 times higher than for slip", + "Twinning and slip have identical critical shear stress values in most crystal systems", + "The difference depends solely on the elastic modulus of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of material structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship in nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10nm", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect observed in ultra-fine grained metals", + "The constant yield strength plateau in severely deformed materials", + "The linear proportionality between hardness and dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of silicon carbide that is 10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 0.6 cm thick and is resting on two supports 7.5 cm apart. The sample breaks when a deflection of 0.09mm is recorded. The flexural modulus for silicon carbide is 480 GPa. Assuming no plastic deformation occurs, what is the force that caused the fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "663.5 N", + "2654 N", + "1327 N", + "3981 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], if the slip is caused by an edge dislocation, what is the direction of the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[112]", + "[111]", + "[121]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a crystal has a high density of line defects (dislocations) or planar defects (grain boundaries, twin boundaries, etc.), its strength will significantly increase. What are these phenomena called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening", + "Work hardening and Hall-Petch effect", + "Dislocation pinning and Zener drag", + "Strain hardening and grain boundary strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which ions in plagioclase Na(AlSi3O8) and anorthite Ca(Al2Si2O8) can substitute for each other?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only Al3+ in plagioclase substitutes for Si4+ in anorthite", + "Na+ and Al3+ in plagioclase substitute for Ca2+ and Si4+ in anorthite", + "Only Na+ in plagioclase substitutes for Ca2+ in anorthite", + "Na+ and Si4+ in plagioclase substitute for Ca2+ and Al3+ in anorthite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a negative temperature gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A thermodynamic state where the temperature decreases with increasing energy in a population-inverted system", + "A thermal profile where the temperature increases with depth in a solidifying alloy, indicating faster cooling at the surface", + "The condition in a heat-treated steel where the core temperature exceeds the surface temperature during quenching", + "In the liquid phase at the crystallization front, the distribution where the temperature gradually decreases from the solid-liquid interface toward the interior of the liquid phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the probability of annealing twin formation and the stacking fault energy of the crystal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The twinning stress in HCP metals is inversely proportional to the c/a ratio", + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism in FCC metals at room temperature", + "The critical resolved shear stress for twinning decreases with increasing temperature in BCC metals", + "Twinning and slip always occur simultaneously in all crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold plastic deformation, the strength and hardness of metal (23)—", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "first increase then decrease due to strain hardening saturation", + "decrease as atomic bonds weaken under strain", + "remain unchanged as it's an intrinsic property", + "increase due to dislocation entanglement and grain refinement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Seawater, which covers the majority of the earth, is composed primarily of molecules of H_{2} \\mathrm{O} and equal numbers of \\mathrm{Na}^{+}ions and \\mathrm{Cl}^{-}ions. Suppose we have a thoroughly mixed solution (containing these species only) at 25^{\\circ} C. How many components and how many phases are in such a system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 component, 1 phase", + "1 component, 2 phase", + "2 component, 1 phase", + "3 component, 1 phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Divorced eutectic的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Divorced eutectic is a special case where eutectic phases completely separate into distinct layers due to high cooling rates", + "Divorced eutectic occurs when one phase in the eutectic attaches to primary crystals while the other phase appears separately, losing characteristic eutectic features", + "Divorced eutectic results from the complete suppression of one eutectic phase when composition deviates from eutectic point", + "Divorced eutectic describes the phenomenon where eutectic phases maintain their structure but grow independently of primary crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a diffusion couple composed of pure chromium and pure iron, after 1 hour of diffusion, the Matano plane moved by 1.52×10^(-3) cm. It is known that the ratio of the square of the distance moved by the Matano plane to the diffusion time is a constant. Determine the moving speed of the Matano plane.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.52×10^(-3)/3600 cm/s", + "1.52×10^(-3)/7200 cm/s", + "(1.52×10^(-3))^2/3600 cm/s", + "1.52×10^(-3) cm/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the closest packing of equal-sized spheres, which crystal plane should the close-packed planes of cubic close packing be parallel to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110)", + "(100)", + "(111)", + "(001)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel with BCC crystal structure containing 0.001% N is nitrided at 550°C for 5h. If the nitrogen content at the steel surface is 0.08%, the nitrogen content at 0.25mm from the surface is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.049% N", + "0.062% N", + "0.035% N", + "0.071% N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients of carbon in titanium measured at different temperatures are 2×10−9cm2/s (736℃), 5×10−9cm2/s (782℃), and 1.3×10−8cm2/s (838℃). The activation energy for diffusion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "152.3 kJ/mol", + "189.5 kJ/mol", + "2.34×10^6 J/mol", + "2342787 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following oxides is expected to have the largest solid solubility in \\mathrm{Al}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The oxide with the closest ionic radius to Al³⁺", + "The oxide with the same crystal structure as Al₂O₃", + "The oxide forming the most stable ternary phase with Al₂O₃", + "The oxide with the highest melting point in the series" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The strong outer sheets of sandwich panels are separated by a layer of material that is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a metallic honeycomb structure with anisotropic stiffness", + "a ceramic foam with negative Poisson's ratio", + "a viscoelastic polymer with strain-rate dependent modulus", + "a syntactic foam with controlled porosity distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum plate 0.5 cm thick is to withstand a force of 50,000N with no permanent deformation. If the aluminum has a yield strength of 125 MPa, what is the minimum width of the plate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16 cm", + "4 cm", + "8 cm", + "2 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 6 mol% of MgO is added to the UO2 lattice to form a substitutional solid solution, what is its solid solution formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "U0.94Mg0.06O2.06", + "U0.94Mg0.06O2", + "U0.94Mg0.06O1.94", + "U0.94Mg0.06O1.97" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A typical paper clip weighs 0.59g and consists of BCC iron. The number of unit cells in the paper clip is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.592 × 10^21 cells", + "3.185 × 10^21 cells", + "6.370 × 10^21 cells", + "4.778 × 10^21 cells" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can the lifespan of tungsten filaments be prolonged by adding second-phase particles?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Introducing micron-sized Al2O3 particles (r=1μm, f=5%) to enhance dislocation density through Orowan strengthening", + "Adding nano-sized ThO2 particles (r=10nm, f=2%) to create Zener pinning effect, limiting grain growth to Dlim=4r/3f=67nm", + "Incorporating La2O3 particles (r=50nm, f=1%) to form protective oxide layers on the filament surface", + "Doping with K bubbles (r=100nm, f=0.5%) to create elongated grain structures through bubble dragging" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the proeutectoid phase for an iron-carbon alloy in which the mass fractions of total ferrite and total cementite are 0.92 and 0.08, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite (1.2 wt% C)", + "Cementite (6.7 wt% C)", + "Pearlite (0.76 wt% C)", + "α ferrite (0.65 wt% C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Titanium (Ti) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.16 x 10^-28 m^3", + "3.62 x 10^-29 m^3", + "1.058 x 10^-28 m^3", + "5.29 x 10^-29 m^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of aluminum is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 28.1 degrees with the tensile axis. The most favored slip direction makes an angle of 62.4 degrees with the tensile axis. If plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of 1.95 MPa (280 psi), what is the critical resolved shear stress for aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.45 MPa (65 psi)", + "1.95 MPa (280 psi)", + "1.10 MPa (158 psi)", + "0.80 MPa (114 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the total migration distance S of carbon atoms at 20%, given the transition frequency r=2.1×10^-9/s, transition step length of 2.53×10^-10m, and time of 4h.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.12×10^-16m", + "3.82×10^-14m", + "1.53×10^-10m", + "7.65×10^-15m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In terms of lattice constant, what is the atomic diameter in a BCC crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/√2", + "a/2", + "(√3/2)a", + "(√3/4)a" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose one Schottky defect is present in every tenth unit cell of MgO. MgO has the sodium chloride crystal structure and a lattice parameter of 0.396 nm. The density of the ceramic is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.650 g/cm^3", + "3.978 g/cm^3", + "4.512 g/cm^3", + "4.205 g/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of non-stoichiometric compounds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The deviation from stoichiometry in these compounds is always caused by Schottky defects; their defect concentration follows Arrhenius behavior but is unaffected by atmospheric conditions; they exhibit metallic conductivity when defects are present.", + "Non-stoichiometric compounds have fixed composition ratios like stoichiometric compounds, but their properties vary due to point defects; their electrical conductivity is always higher than stoichiometric counterparts; defect formation is independent of temperature.", + "Non-stoichiometric compounds exhibit variable composition due to interstitial defects only; their defect concentration is solely determined by the cooling rate during synthesis; they are exclusively insulators regardless of defect type.", + "The formation and defect concentration of non-stoichiometric compounds are related to the nature and pressure of the atmosphere; they can be regarded as solid solutions of higher-valent and lower-valent compounds; the defect concentration is related to temperature, which can be seen from the equilibrium constant; non-stoichiometric compounds are all semiconductors." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the visible spectrum, an electrical insulator that is a single crystal and without porosity is normally:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density decreases exponentially with annealing temperature", + "The yield strength increases linearly with grain size according to Hall-Petch relationship", + "The electrical conductivity of pure metals is primarily limited by phonon scattering at room temperature", + "The fracture toughness of ceramics is inversely proportional to the square root of grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 5CrMnMo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5CrMnMo is a high-speed steel with 0.5% C, 5% Cr, 1% Mn and 0.25% Mo", + "5CrMnMo is a cold work tool steel with wc=5%, wCr=1%, wMn=0.75%, wMo=0.1%", + "5CrMnMo is a stainless steel containing 5% Cr, 1% Mn and 0.5% Mo", + "5CrMnMo is a hot forging die steel, wc=0.5%, 0.75Cr, 10Mm=1.4%, wMo=0.25%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the most notable characteristic of ledeburitic steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Unique ability to form martensite without quenching", + "Exceptionally high ductility and toughness at room temperature", + "Presence of eutectic ledeburite structure in the as-cast microstructure", + "Ultra-low carbon content (<0.02 wt%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The number-average molecular weight of a polypropylene is 1,000,000g / mol. What is the degree of polymerization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "47600", + "23760", + "11900", + "35700" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes primary banded structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primary banded structure results from alternating layers of ferrite and pearlite formed during slow cooling, where dark bands represent pearlite and light bands represent ferrite under standard metallographic etching.", + "Primary banded structure is formed by dendrites during solidification and becomes banded after hot rolling; under CuCl2 etching, the dark bands are dendrite trunks (with less solute), while the light bands are often interdendritic regions enriched with impurities, also known as original bands.", + "Primary banded structure is caused by preferential diffusion of carbon atoms along specific crystallographic planes during annealing, creating periodic variations in microhardness that appear as bands under etching.", + "Primary banded structure arises from spinodal decomposition in certain alloy systems, producing nanoscale compositional fluctuations that manifest as alternating bands under high-resolution TEM observation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When compressed from h to 0.9h, the engineering strain εe and true strain εT are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "εe = -11.1%; εT = -10.5%", + "εe = -10%; εT = -9.5%", + "εe = -10%; εT = -10.5%", + "εe = -9.1%; εT = -9.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If manufacturing a continuous aluminum fiber cable with epoxy resin as the matrix and a volume fraction of 0.30, predict the electrical conductivity of the cable. The electrical conductivity of aluminum is $3.8\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$, and the electrical conductivity of epoxy resin is $10^{-11}~\\mathrm{S/m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "$3.8\\times10^{6}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$1.14\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$1.14\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$3.8\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{S/m}$" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compress the above-mentioned cold-rolled sheet from 1cm thickness to 0.6cm, calculate the total engineering strain ε.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ε ≈ -40%", + "ε ≈ -55%", + "ε ≈ -60%", + "ε ≈ -30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider the ideal barium titanate \\left(\\mathrm{BaTiO}_{3}\\right) structure. What is the coordination number of the \\mathrm{Ti}^{4+} ion in terms of surrounding \\mathrm{O}^{2-} ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 (tetrahedral coordination)", + "6 (octahedral coordination)", + "8 (cubic coordination)", + "12 (face-centered cubic coordination)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire (with a diameter of 1 mm) is coated with a layer of copper (total diameter of 2 mm). What is the thermal expansion coefficient of this composite material? The elastic modulus of steel is E_st=205 GPa, and that of copper is E_cu=110 GPa; their expansion coefficients are α_st=1.1×10⁻⁶/°C, α_Cu=17×10⁻⁶/°C respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15×10⁻⁶/°C", + "9.1×10⁻⁶/°C (体积平均法计算值)", + "17×10⁻⁶/°C (仅考虑铜层)", + "1.1×10⁻⁶/°C (仅考虑钢芯)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol V_{Na}'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vanadium substitutional defect in sodium lattice", + "Neutral sodium vacancy defect", + "Sodium interstitial with a positive charge", + "Sodium ion vacancy with a single negative charge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Interstitial phase的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial phase: A ceramic compound formed by ionic bonding between metal and non-metal atoms, where the non-metal atoms occupy tetrahedral or octahedral voids in the metal lattice.", + "Interstitial phase: A solid solution where solute atoms occupy the regular lattice sites of the solvent metal, forming a substitutional alloy with complex crystal structures.", + "Interstitial phase: A metastable compound formed when the atomic radius ratio $R_{\\mathrm{X}}/R_{\\mathrm{M}}>0.59$, where non-metal atoms distort the metal lattice to form complex interstitial structures.", + "Interstitial phase: A compound formed between non-metal atoms (X) and transition metal atoms, when the ratio of atomic radii of the metal element (M) to the non-metal element (X) $R_{\\mathrm{X}}/R_{\\mathrm{M}}<0.59$, the non-metal atoms are located in the interstices of the metal atoms and exhibit a relatively simple crystal structure, it is called an interstitial phase." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'component'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest structural unit that retains the properties of a material", + "Each element (metal, non-metal) that constitutes an alloy", + "The ratio of different phases present in a microstructure", + "Any constituent that can be mechanically separated from a composite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for nylon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bonding with van der Waals forces", + "Metallic bonding with covalent network", + "Primary covalent bonds with secondary hydrogen bonding", + "Pure covalent bonding only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of crystal structure on solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The difference in crystal structure can be compensated by adjusting the atomic size factor to achieve complete solubility", + "Only when the two components have the same crystal structure can they form an infinite (or continuous) solid solution", + "Crystal structure similarity is necessary but not sufficient for forming extensive solid solutions", + "Different crystal structures can form infinite solid solutions if their electronegativity difference is less than 0.4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Pseudo-eutectoid的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pseudo-eutectoid structures form when non-equilibrium cooling causes near-eutectoid alloys to fully transform into eutectoid microstructure", + "Pseudo-eutectoid refers to the formation of metastable phases during rapid solidification of hypereutectic alloys", + "Pseudo-eutectoid is observed when pearlite forms in hypoeutectoid steels due to incomplete diffusion", + "Pseudo-eutectoid describes the co-existence of proeutectoid ferrite and cementite in hypereutectoid steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the ionic radius of O2- is 0.14nm and that of Fe3+ is 0.069nm, their radius ratio is 0.492. What type of crystal structure can be formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A2X structure, tetragonal crystal system", + "AX structure, cubic crystal system", + "AX2 structure, hexagonal crystal system", + "A2X3 structure, trigonal crystal system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate quenching process in the manufacturing route of round dies made from 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating to 1050-1070°C followed by polymer quenching", + "Heating to 780-800°C followed by water quenching", + "Heating to 920-940°C followed by air cooling", + "Heating to 850-870°C followed by oil quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the configuration of polymer chains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The average molecular weight distribution of polymer chains in solution", + "The temporary physical entanglement of polymer chains under mechanical stress", + "The spatial geometric arrangement of atoms in polymers fixed by chemical bonds", + "The dynamic folding pattern of polymer chains determined by secondary interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the differences between twinning and slip in the plastic deformation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both twinning and slip occur through dislocation motion, but twinning involves partial dislocations while slip uses perfect dislocations; twinning produces larger strain increments than slip at comparable stress levels", + "Twinning involves atomic displacements that produce a mirror image of the crystal structure, while slip preserves the original orientation; twinning requires higher stress than slip but results in lower strain per deformation event", + "Slip systems are determined by the Burgers vector and slip plane, whereas twinning systems depend on the twin plane and shear direction; twinning can accommodate strain in directions where slip systems are inactive", + "Twinning creates new grain boundaries while slip does not; the critical resolved shear stress for twinning is typically lower than for slip due to the cooperative nature of atomic movements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vector representing the direction and magnitude of atomic displacement during elastic deformation, calculated from the strain tensor components", + "An important vector describing the characteristics of a dislocation, which comprehensively reflects the magnitude and direction of the total distortion within the dislocation region; it also represents the amount of relative sliding of the crystal after the dislocation has swept through", + "The resultant vector of all atomic bond distortions in a unit cell under applied stress, used to predict plastic deformation onset", + "A lattice translation vector that minimizes the energy of a grain boundary, determined by coincident site lattice theory" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that FCC rhodium is produced as a 1-mm thick sheet, with the (111) plane parallel to the surface of the sheet. How many (111) interplanar spacings d_{111} thick is the sheet? See Appendix A for necessary data.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.281 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "4.563 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "9.126 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "1.141 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the concept of Superstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Superstructure denotes the macroscopic arrangement of grains in polycrystalline materials that exhibit preferential orientation", + "Superstructure describes the hierarchical organization of crystalline defects that form during rapid solidification processes", + "Superstructure refers to the periodic arrangement of atoms in an ordered solid solution that produces additional diffraction lines due to its distinct lattice constant compared to the disordered state", + "Superstructure represents the metastable phase configuration achieved through severe plastic deformation techniques" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the usual slip planes for face-centered cubic metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{111}", + "{110}", + "{100}", + "{112}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the differences in the atomic stacking modes and packing densities between face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both have ABAB stacking but FCC allows more deformation modes due to cubic symmetry", + "FCC has higher packing density (0.82) due to more efficient tetrahedral voids utilization compared to HCP (0.74)", + "HCP achieves higher density (0.78) through anisotropic compression of octahedral sites along the c-axis", + "FCC: ABCABC stacking with 12 nearest neighbors; HCP: ABAB stacking with 12 nearest neighbors - identical coordination but different slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In CaS, the unit cell parameter a=0.567 nm, and the anions and cations are in contact with each other. The radius of S2- is known to be 0.177 nm. What is the radius of Ca2+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.213 nm", + "0.142 nm", + "0.107 nm", + "0.284 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the drift velocity of a free electron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The drift velocity of a free electron is equal to the Fermi velocity of electrons in the material", + "The drift velocity of a free electron is the instantaneous maximum velocity achieved during electron scattering events", + "The drift velocity of a free electron is the average electron velocity in the direction of the force imposed by an electric field", + "The drift velocity of a free electron represents the actual speed of electron movement through the crystal lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two thermal properties of a liquid medium that influence its quenching effectiveness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal conductivity and heat capacity", + "Viscosity and surface tension", + "Thermal diffusivity and boiling point", + "Specific heat and density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a general property of glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous change in properties during transformation", + "Sharp melting point at a defined temperature", + "Crystalline long-range order in atomic arrangement", + "Definite glass transition temperature for all compositions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why may there be significant scatter in the fracture strength for some given ceramic material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the fracture strength is primarily determined by grain boundary diffusion rates", + "Because ceramic materials exhibit significant plastic deformation before fracture", + "Due to variations in elastic modulus between different specimens", + "Due to the probabilistic nature of critical flaw distribution in brittle ceramics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Complete the following statement regarding conditions that must be satisfied in order for a solid solution to exhibit extensive solubility. The solute and host species must feature [z] ability to attract electrons (electronegativity). (z = ?)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a significantly different", + "a similar", + "an identical", + "a complementary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the process to effectively purify a solid solution alloy rod?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Apply rapid quenching followed by annealing at eutectic temperature", + "Repeatedly perform zone melting and use directional slow solidification", + "Use centrifugal casting with multiple remelting cycles", + "Alternate between solution treatment and precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is the range of high, medium, and low carbon steels usually divided?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High carbon steel: wC>0.60%, medium carbon steel: wC=0.25%~0.60%, low carbon steel: wC≤0.25%", + "High carbon steel: wC>0.80%, medium carbon steel: wC=0.30%~0.80%, low carbon steel: wC≤0.30%", + "High carbon steel: wC>0.50%, medium carbon steel: wC=0.20%~0.50%, low carbon steel: wC≤0.20%", + "High carbon steel: wC>0.40%, medium carbon steel: wC=0.15%~0.40%, low carbon steel: wC≤0.15%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions is concentration polarization rate controlling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the temperature exceeds the melting point of the electrode material", + "When the reaction rate is high and/or the concentration of active species in the liquid solution is low", + "When the applied current density is below the limiting current density", + "When the electrolyte viscosity is higher than 10 cP at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics and mechanisms of multiphase strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Multiphase strengthening occurs primarily through grain boundary pinning effects, where the second phase particles inhibit dislocation motion regardless of their relative strength compared to the matrix phase.", + "Multiphase strengthening: When the relative content of the second phase is on the same order of magnitude as the matrix, strengthening occurs. The degree of strengthening depends on the quantity, size, distribution, and morphology of the second phase, and if the strength of the second phase is lower than that of the matrix, it may not contribute to strengthening.", + "The effectiveness of multiphase strengthening is determined solely by the hardness difference between phases, with maximum strengthening achieved when the second phase is at least 50% harder than the matrix.", + "Multiphase systems strengthen materials through stress-induced transformation of the second phase, with strengthening proportional to the volume fraction of transformable phases present in the microstructure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares white and nodular cast irons with respect to composition and heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "White iron--3.0 to 4.5 wt% C with no Si, requiring tempering at 600°C. Nodular cast iron--identical composition to white iron but with slow cooling to form spheroidal graphite.", + "White iron--1.0 to 2.5 wt% C and 1.0 to 3.0 wt% Si. Requires quenching to form martensite. Nodular cast iron--3.0 to 4.5 wt% C, less than 1.0 wt% Si, and added Ni. Annealing at 900°C is essential for ductility.", + "Both contain 2.5 to 4.0 wt% C, but white iron has higher Si (2.0-3.0 wt%) for graphite suppression. Nodular iron requires rapid cooling after adding Mg/Ce to prevent graphite formation.", + "White iron--2.5 to 4.0 wt% C and less than 1.0 wt% Si. No heat treatment; however, cooling is rapid during solidification. Nodular cast iron--2.5 to 4.0 wt% C, 1.0 to 3.0 wt% Si, and a small amount of Mg or Ce. A heat treatment at about 700°C may be necessary to produce a ferritic matrix." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the principal difference between natural and artificial aging processes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Natural aging occurs at ambient temperature while artificial aging requires elevated temperatures to accelerate precipitation kinetics", + "Natural aging relies on vacancy diffusion whereas artificial aging is driven by dislocation climb mechanisms", + "Artificial aging produces finer precipitates due to higher nucleation rates at elevated temperatures", + "Natural aging achieves full thermodynamic equilibrium while artificial aging results in metastable phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using the carburization equation, calculate the value of erf(x/(2√(Dt))) given the surface carbon content ρs=1.2%, initial carbon content ρ0=0.1%, and target carbon content ρ(x,t)=0.45%.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.625", + "0.682", + "0.745", + "0.550" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the cooling process of the melt, which of the following are the three different phase transition processes that can occur?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nucleation; Grain growth; Martensitic transformation", + "Recrystallization; Glass transition; Spinodal decomposition", + "Solidification; Polymorphic transformation; Eutectic reaction", + "Crystallization; Vitrification; Phase separation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In homogeneous nucleation, assuming the nucleus shape is a cube with side length a, given σ and ΔGv, the critical nucleation work is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32σ³/ΔGv²", + "16σ³/ΔGv²", + "24σ²/ΔGv", + "8σ³/ΔGv²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What influence does the presence of alloying elements (other than carbon) have on the shape of a hardenability curve?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements create a steeper hardness drop-off due to enhanced thermal conductivity during quenching", + "The curve becomes more linear as alloying elements reduce the temperature dependence of phase transformations", + "Alloying elements cause multiple inflection points in the curve due to competing precipitation mechanisms", + "Alloying elements produce a more gradual hardness decrease by retarding non-martensitic transformations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the type of bonding affect the mechanical properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds generally result in higher hardness than covalent bonds due to their delocalized electron structure", + "Ionic materials exhibit superior plasticity compared to metals because ion mobility enables dislocation movement", + "Covalent bonding leads to lower elastic modulus than metallic bonding due to directional bond characteristics", + "Van der Waals bonded materials show higher fracture toughness than metallic systems due to energy dissipation mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A Brinell hardness measurement, using a 10-mm-diameter indenter and a 500-kg load, produces an indentation of 4.5mm on an aluminum plate. What is the Brinell hardness number (HB) of the metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "119.2", + "59.6", + "14.9", + "29.8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the crystal structure of diamond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simple cubic with body-centered carbon atoms, forming alternating layers of simple cubic and BCC arrangements", + "HCP with octahedral interstices, where carbon atoms occupy both the HCP lattice sites and octahedral voids", + "BCC with tetrahedral interstices, where carbon atoms are positioned at the BCC lattice points and tetrahedral voids", + "FCC with tetrahedral interstices, where carbon atoms are located at the bonding points of the FCC lattice and four non-adjacent tetrahedral interstice positions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of potassium, which has the BCC structure and one atom per lattice point, is 0.855 g/cm3. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.09 g/mol. The lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.774 x 10^-10 m", + "3.774 x 10^-8 cm", + "5.3355 x 10^-10 m", + "5.3355 x 10^-8 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Recrystallization的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization temperature is always 0.4 times the melting temperature (in Kelvin) for all metallic systems", + "Recrystallization is primarily driven by the reduction of surface energy in polycrystalline materials", + "Recrystallization occurs when dislocations rearrange into low-angle grain boundaries during plastic deformation", + "Recrystallization involves the formation of new strain-free grains that replace the deformed microstructure upon heating" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following polymers would be suitable for the fabrication of cups to contain hot coffee?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polypropylene (Tg ~-10°C, low cost food-grade availability)", + "PET polyester (Tg ~70°C, excellent barrier properties)", + "Polycarbonate (Tg ~150°C, high optical clarity)", + "Crosslinked polyethylene (Tg ~-25°C, superior chemical resistance)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the different atomic arrangement structures at the interface, which of the following are the three types of interfaces that phase interfaces in solids can be divided into?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perfect, partial, mixed", + "Elastic, plastic, viscoelastic", + "Grain boundary, twin boundary, phase boundary", + "Coherent, semi-coherent, incoherent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a van der Waals bond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A physical bond formed by intermolecular attractive forces generated by instantaneous dipole moments and induced dipole moments", + "A covalent bond formed by electron sharing between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms", + "A metallic bond formed by delocalized electrons in transition metal oxides", + "An ionic bond formed by electrostatic attraction between permanent dipoles in ceramic materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the third component affect binary diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The third component always reduces the binary diffusion coefficient due to increased atomic packing density", + "The third component can either increase or decrease the binary diffusion coefficient depending on its interaction with the diffusing species", + "The third component has negligible effect as diffusion primarily depends on the binary pair interaction", + "The third component always accelerates binary diffusion by creating additional vacancy sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 727°C, the maximum carbon content in the equilibrium state of iron-carbon alloy is w_C=0.0218% for ferrite and w_C=0.77% for austenite. Where are the carbon atoms located in the ferrite and austenite crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In ferrite: octahedral sites; In austenite: tetrahedral sites", + "In ferrite: tetrahedral sites; In austenite: octahedral sites", + "In both phases: octahedral sites but with different site geometries", + "In both phases: tetrahedral sites but with different site geometries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Extended dislocation的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Extended dislocations are primarily observed in BCC crystals due to their high Peierls stress and asymmetric core structure", + "In FCC crystals, extended dislocations form because the perfect dislocation spontaneously splits into two partials with a stacking fault in between to lower the total energy", + "The width of an extended dislocation is determined solely by the Burgers vector magnitude of the perfect dislocation", + "Extended dislocations cannot cross-slip because their partial dislocations must recombine before changing slip planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the density of fully crystalline polyethylene (PE) is 1.01 g/cm³ and that of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is 0.96 g/cm³, what is the size of the 'free space' in HDPE?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.05 g/cm³", + "0.048 cm³/g", + "0.96 cm³/g", + "0.052 cm³/g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary phase diagram, the eutectic point is (6) phase equilibrium, and the degree of freedom is (7).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "four; 0", + "three; 1", + "two; 2", + "three; 0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the thermodynamic condition for uphill diffusion to occur?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "∂²G/∂x²>0", + "∂G/∂x>0", + "∂μ/∂x=0", + "∂²G/∂x²<0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What determines the characteristic color of a metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The work function of the metal surface under standard conditions", + "The energy gap between valence and conduction bands in the metal's electronic structure", + "The dominant frequency of phonon vibrations at room temperature", + "The distribution of wavelengths of the nonabsorbed light radiation that is reflected" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reaction of forming mullite from Al2O3 and SiO powders is controlled by diffusion and conforms to the Jander equation. The experiment was conducted under constant temperature conditions. When the reaction proceeded for 1 hour, it was measured that 15% of the reactants had reacted. In how much time will all the reactants be converted into products?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "100h", + "44.44h", + "6.67h", + "359.63h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic condition for the formation of single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using a seed crystal with identical lattice parameters to the target single crystal", + "Ensuring the liquid metal has extremely high purity (>99.999%) before solidification", + "Applying a strong magnetic field during solidification to align all crystal orientations", + "Maintaining a precisely controlled cooling rate that allows only one nucleation event to occur" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that the active slip system in a face-centered cubic crystal is (111)[011], if the slip dislocation is a pure screw dislocation, what is the direction of the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[101]", + "[111]", + "[011]", + "[110]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the plastic deformation of metals, after twinning occurs, the crystal orientations on both sides of the twin plane exhibit (11), and the crystal undergoes (12) shear. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (11) and (12)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "mirror symmetry; directional", + "asymmetric relationship; non-uniform", + "symmetric relationship; uniform", + "random orientation; localized" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy formation energy (E_v) and interstitial atom formation energy (E_i) of Al are 0.76 eV and 3.0 eV, respectively. What is the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies to the equilibrium concentration of interstitial atoms in Al at 500°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.314×10^12", + "2.463×10^7", + "1.642×10^21", + "4.026×10^14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density of the (111) plane in a face-centered cubic crystal, given the atomic radius r=(√2/4)a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.90", + "0.78", + "1.15", + "0.58" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a disadvantage brought by the work hardening phenomenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "causes difficulty in plastic deformation", + "reduces elastic modulus significantly", + "increases dislocation mobility", + "decreases yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are advantages of cold working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A high quality surface finish", + "Increased ductility due to dislocation annihilation", + "Improved corrosion resistance from oxide layer formation", + "Reduced yield strength from thermal relaxation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of Cu at 4.6% undergoes solution treatment at 550°C, resulting in the α phase containing x(Cu)=2%. After reheating to 100°C and holding for a period, θ phase precipitates uniformly throughout the alloy volume. The θ phase has an fcc structure with r=0.143 nm, and the average spacing between θ particles is 5 nm. Calculate the number of θ phase particles per cm³ in the alloy.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8×10¹⁸ particles/cm³", + "4×10¹⁸ particles/cm³", + "2×10¹⁹ particles/cm³", + "1.6×10¹⁹ particles/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the common macrostructural defects in steel ingots?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface oxidation layers and decarburization zones extending 2-3mm deep", + "Dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries and vacancy clusters in the crystal lattice", + "Macrosegregation patterns including normal segregation and inverse segregation, along with shrinkage cavities and porosity", + "Thermal stress-induced microcracks with 10-50μm spacing in the columnar zone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization refer to deformation at high temperatures, where (18) occurs simultaneously during the deformation process. Which of the following correctly fills in the blank (18)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "phase transformation and precipitation", + "dislocation multiplication and annihilation", + "grain growth and refinement", + "work hardening and softening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for solid xenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent", + "Metallic", + "van der Waals", + "Ionic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals and alloys that do not undergo phase transformations in the solid state, can their grain size be changed without remelting? What methods can be used to alter it?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Direct isothermal holding at 0.9Tm for extended periods", + "Cold deformation followed by recrystallization annealing", + "Applying high-frequency ultrasonic vibration during solidification", + "Controlled martensitic transformation through rapid quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In terms of the lattice constant, what is the atomic diameter in the HCP crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "√(8/3) times the lattice constant 'a'", + "Equal to the lattice constant 'a'", + "Equal to the height 'c' of the unit cell", + "√(3/2) times the lattice constant 'a'" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between cement and concrete?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Concrete consists of an aggregate of particles that are bonded together by a cement", + "Cement is a composite material while concrete is a pure ceramic compound", + "Concrete is the precursor material that hardens to form cement", + "Cement contains reinforcement fibers while concrete does not" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both have identical thermal conductivity", + "Random poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymer", + "Alternating poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymer", + "Cannot be determined without molecular weight data" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the total cost for carburizing 500 gears at 900°C (1173K) for 10 hours, given the cost is 1000 yuan per hour?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10000 yuan", + "500000 yuan", + "11730 yuan", + "9000 yuan" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between diffusion flux and concentration gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exponential (Arrhenius relationship)", + "Inversely proportional (Le Chatelier's principle)", + "Proportional (Fick's first law)", + "Logarithmic (Nernst equation)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The metal iridium has an FCC crystal structure. Given the interplanar spacing for the (220) set of planes is 0.1357 nm, what is the atomic radius for an iridium atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0960 nm", + "0.1919 nm", + "0.1357 nm", + "0.2714 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching 1.2% steel to obtain martensite and a small amount of retained austenite structure, what changes will occur when heated to 180°C and held for 2 hours?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Retained austenite transforms into lower bainite with characteristic needle-like morphology", + "Fine carbides begin to precipitate from the martensite laths, which are easily etched and appear dark", + "Martensite decomposes into ferrite and cementite through a diffusionless transformation", + "The structure remains unchanged as this temperature is below the tempering range" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A Gu–30%Zn brass plate is cold rolled by 25%, reducing its thickness to 1 cm. Subsequently, the plate is further reduced to a thickness of 0.6 cm. What is the total cold deformation degree?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "25%", + "40%", + "64%", + "55%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares white and nodular cast irons with respect to microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "White iron--Cementite forms continuous network; Nodular iron--Graphite spheroids in austenitic matrix", + "White iron--Pearlite matrix with dispersed graphite; Nodular iron--Graphite flakes in ferritic matrix", + "White iron--There are regions of cementite interspersed within pearlite; Nodular cast iron--Nodules of graphite are embedded in a ferrite or pearlite matrix", + "White iron--Martensitic structure with retained austenite; Nodular iron--Bainitic matrix with spheroidal cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At low temperatures, the diffusion that generally occurs in solid materials is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion", + "Extrinsic diffusion", + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does Cv become virtually independent of temperature at temperatures far removed from 0 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anharmonic effects cause phonon scattering to saturate, limiting energy absorption", + "The electron contribution to heat capacity dominates over phonon contributions at high temperatures", + "All lattice vibration modes are fully excited, making the heat capacity approach the classical Dulong-Petit limit", + "Thermal expansion reduces the density of states available for energy storage" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is aging treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A process to accelerate precipitation hardening by heating above solvus temperature", + "The process of treating the precipitation of a supersaturated solid solution", + "A method to improve ductility by reducing dislocation density through annealing", + "A surface treatment technique to enhance corrosion resistance through oxide layer formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does temperature affect atomic diffusion in metals or alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic vibrations reduce diffusion barrier height Q at higher temperatures according to Q=Q0(1-αT)", + "Diffusion coefficient follows Arrhenius behavior with D=D0e^(-Q/RT), showing exponential temperature dependence", + "Temperature affects only the pre-exponential factor D0 through thermal expansion effects", + "Diffusion becomes temperature-independent above the Debye temperature due to phonon saturation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In which fields can ceramic materials be applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Flexible electronic displays and stretchable sensors", + "Structural load-bearing components in aircraft engines", + "Thermal insulation and wear-resistant coatings", + "All of the above applications are correct" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture the vehicle body itself?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-purity alumina (99.9% Al2O3) with controlled grain boundary diffusion", + "Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with 8 mol% Y2O3 doping", + "Silicon carbide reinforced with 30 vol% carbon nanotubes", + "Borosilicate glass with precisely engineered thermal expansion coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a simple cubic crystal is twisted by an angle θ around the [001] axis, what kind of dislocation will form (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[100], Burgers vector=a[010]", + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[110]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[100]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Brittleness resulting from retained austenite decomposition during cryogenic treatment", + "Irreversible brittleness due to carbide precipitation at martensite lath boundaries below 300°C", + "Reversible brittleness caused by impurity segregation at austenite grain boundaries during 450-650°C tempering", + "Temporary embrittlement caused by hydrogen absorption during electrochemical processing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the slip direction of face-centered cubic metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<100>", + "<111>", + "<110>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the methods of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain refinement strengthening", + "Martensitic transformation without alloying", + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Recrystallization annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A carbon steel, under equilibrium cooling conditions, obtains a microstructure consisting of 50% pearlite and 50% ferrite. If this alloy is heated to 730°C, what microstructure will be obtained under equilibrium conditions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite + Austenite", + "100% Austenite", + "Austenite + Ferrite (F+A)", + "Ferrite + Cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of aluminum crystal, the coordination number of each aluminum atom on the (111) plane is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The coordination number is 12, same as the bulk FCC structure", + "The coordination number is 6, forming a hexagonal arrangement", + "The coordination number is 4, resembling tetrahedral bonding", + "The coordination number is 3, similar to graphene-like structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A thermosetting polymer containing glass beads is required to deflect 0.5mm when a force of 500 N is applied. The polymer part is 2 cm wide, 0.5 cm thick, and 10 cm long. If the flexural modulus is 6.9 GPa, determine the minimum distance between the supports.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "48 mm (neglecting glass bead reinforcement effect)", + "35 mm (using shear modulus instead of flexural modulus)", + "41 mm", + "29 mm (assuming linear deflection beyond elastic limit)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the characteristics of the room temperature tensile curve of low-carbon steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shows continuous yielding behavior similar to aluminum alloys", + "Exhibits distinct upper and lower yield points due to Cottrell atmospheres", + "Demonstrates a linear stress-strain relationship until fracture", + "Displays strain hardening immediately after elastic deformation without yield point phenomenon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under the same degree of supercooling, compare the critical radius, critical nucleation work, and critical nucleus volume between homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical radius is the same; the critical nucleation work is higher for homogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleus volume is also larger for homogeneous nucleation", + "The critical radius is smaller for heterogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleation work is the same; the critical nucleus volume is smaller for homogeneous nucleation", + "The critical radius is larger for homogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleation work is higher for heterogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleus volume is the same", + "All three parameters (critical radius, nucleation work, and nucleus volume) are smaller for heterogeneous nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The main resistances to solid-state phase transformation are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface tension and dislocation density", + "Activation energy and lattice vibration energy", + "Interfacial energy and elastic strain energy", + "Gibbs free energy difference and stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential difference in second-phase strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strengthening phase particles create additional stress fields that directly impede dislocation motion through long-range interactions", + "The dispersed strengthening phase particles force dislocations to cut through or bypass them, requiring additional work", + "The second phase increases the overall elastic modulus of the material, making dislocation nucleation more difficult", + "The phase boundaries act as perfect sinks for dislocations, eliminating strain fields in the matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one important difference between continuous cooling transformation diagrams for plain carbon and alloy steels regarding the position of the pearlite-proeutectoid noses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Plain carbon steels show a single nose while alloy steels show double noses in their CCT diagrams", + "The pearlite-proeutectoid noses for alloy steels are positioned at higher temperatures than for plain carbon steels", + "The pearlite-proeutectoid noses for plain carbon steel alloys are positioned at shorter times than for the alloy steels", + "The nose positions are identical but the transformation kinetics differ due to carbon diffusion rates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The loss of ductility in alloys when exposed to high temperatures for prolonged periods, caused by grain boundary segregation of impurities.", + "A phenomenon where rapid cooling of steel causes excessive hardness and brittleness due to martensite formation, which can be mitigated by tempering.", + "When some steels are tempered within a certain temperature range, their impact toughness significantly decreases compared to being tempered at lower temperatures. This embrittlement phenomenon is called temper brittleness.", + "An irreversible embrittlement occurring in low-alloy steels when tempered below 300°C, resulting from carbide precipitation at dislocations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under conditions where cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+. Which one of the following crystalline defects would you expect to form in order to maintain charge neutrality?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cu2+ vacancies", + "Cu+ interstitials", + "O2- vacancies", + "O2- interstitials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main mass transfer mechanisms in solid-state sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface diffusion dominated by curvature gradients", + "Plastic deformation via dislocation motion", + "Grain boundary sliding controlled by creep", + "Evaporation-condensation mass transfer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Does diffusion always proceed from high concentration to low concentration? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because Fick's first law explicitly states diffusion flux is proportional to the negative concentration gradient", + "No, because in spinodal decomposition diffusion occurs against the concentration gradient due to chemical potential gradients", + "Only in isotropic materials, as anisotropic materials exhibit direction-dependent diffusion behavior", + "Yes, but only when temperature gradients are absent from the system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the liquid-solid interfacial energy of pure liquid nickel σ=2.53×10^-5 J/cm^2, the critical nucleus radius r*=1 nm, the melting point of pure nickel Tm=1726 K, the heat of fusion ΔLm=18075 J/mol, the molar volume Vs=6.6 cm^3/mol, and the undercooling ΔT=319 K, calculate the critical nucleation work ΔG*.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.12×10^-18 J", + "3.18×10^-18 J", + "5.30×10^-19 J", + "1.06×10^-18 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How should the cooling rate of high iron composition (P<1.38) in the burning zone be controlled?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cooling rate should be appropriately slowed down", + "The cooling rate should be maximized to prevent iron oxidation", + "The cooling rate should match the thermal conductivity of pure iron", + "The cooling rate should follow the Arrhenius equation for phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following elements are commonly used to improve the tempering stability of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "V, W", + "Cr, Mo", + "Ni, Mn", + "Si, Co" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 627°C (i.e., 900K), what is the solubility of Fe3C particles with a radius of 100nm in α-Fe? The interfacial energy of Fe3C is known to be 0.71 J/m², and the molar volume of Fe is 23.4×10^-6 m³/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.894×10^-3", + "4.217×10^-3", + "3.509×10^-3", + "5.632×10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for the formation of spheroidite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The net reduction in ferrite-cementite phase boundary area", + "The minimization of interfacial energy through curvature effects", + "The reduction in dislocation density during annealing", + "The thermodynamic instability of lamellar cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what equation does the expression for interplanar spacing (d_{ ext {hkl }}) reduce for crystals having cubic symmetry, given that (a,(b), and c are the lattice parameters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/d = (h + k + l)/a", + "d = a/√(h² + k² + l²)", + "1/d² = (h² + k² + l²)/a²", + "d = a/(h + k + l)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can the lever rule be applied in binary phase diagrams but not in the vertical sections of ternary phase diagrams?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ternary phase diagrams inherently have curved tie-lines that prevent linear composition measurements", + "Vertical sections in ternary diagrams represent non-equilibrium conditions where the lever rule is invalid", + "The lever rule only applies to isothermal sections, not vertical sections in phase diagrams", + "Because ternary systems require additional composition variables that violate the lever rule's fundamental assumptions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the mechanism of crystal growth during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "There are three growth mechanisms: continuous growth, two-dimensional nucleation and lateral growth via steps, and growth via screw dislocations", + "Crystal growth occurs primarily through homogeneous nucleation followed by isotropic expansion of crystallites", + "The dominant mechanism is diffusion-limited aggregation where atoms randomly attach to the crystal surface", + "Growth proceeds exclusively through layer-by-layer deposition controlled by surface energy minimization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of iron in cobalt are 1.1 × 10^{-5} m^{2}/s and 253,300 J/mol, respectively. At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient have a value of 2.1 × 10^{-14} m^{2}/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1273 K (1000°C)", + "1518 K (1245°C)", + "1798 K (1525°C)", + "1123 K (850°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the sintering process, the mass transfer method that only changes the pore shape without causing shrinkage of the green body is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "surface diffusion", + "viscous flow", + "evaporation-condensation", + "volume diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution can be formed when the atomic radius of the solute is similar to that of the solvent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Substitutional", + "Interstitial", + "Intermetallic", + "Amorphous" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microscopic mechanisms of diffusion in crystalline solids include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation climb-controlled diffusion", + "Exchange mechanism", + "Grain boundary sliding", + "Nabarro-Herring creep" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In substitutional solid solutions, by what mechanism do solute atoms diffuse?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "dislocation climb", + "interstitial diffusion", + "grain boundary sliding", + "the vacancy mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aluminum specimen, the dislocation density within the grains was measured to be 2×10^12 m^−2. Assuming all dislocations are edge dislocations and are entirely concentrated at subgrain boundaries (i.e., low-angle grain boundaries), with their Burgers vector b=a/2⟨110⟩. If the cross-sections of the subgrain boundaries are all regular hexagons, and the tilt angle between subgrains is 2°, calculate the dislocation spacing at the subgrain boundary (given the lattice constant of aluminum a=0.404 nm). The dislocation spacing D is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.094 nm", + "8.188 nm", + "16.376 nm", + "5.796 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An alternating copolymer is known to have a number-average molecular weight of 250,000g / mol and a degree of polymerization of 3420 . If one of the repeat units is styrene, which of the following is the other repeat unit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ethylene", + "Propylene", + "Tetrafluoroethylene", + "Vinyl chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a slip system in a crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The primary mechanism for twinning deformation in BCC crystals", + "The system governing elastic deformation through atomic bond stretching", + "A combination of a slip plane and a slip direction on that plane", + "A mathematical model predicting dislocation nucleation sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the calculation formulas for the diffusion coefficient of interstitial atoms in face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic crystals (expressed in terms of lattice constant)? The interstitial diffusion calculation formula is D=α²PΓ, where α is the distance between adjacent parallel crystal planes, P is the jump probability in a given direction, and Γ is the atomic jump frequency.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Face-centered cubic crystal (fcc): D_fcc=(a²Γ)/24; Body-centered cubic crystal (bcc): D_bcc=(a²Γ)/12", + "Face-centered cubic crystal (fcc): D_fcc=(a²Γ)/12; Body-centered cubic crystal (bcc): D_bcc=(a²Γ)/24", + "Face-centered cubic crystal (fcc): D_fcc=(a²Γ)/6; Body-centered cubic crystal (bcc): D_bcc=(a²Γ)/8", + "Face-centered cubic crystal (fcc): D_fcc=(a²Γ)/8; Body-centered cubic crystal (bcc): D_bcc=(a²Γ)/6" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between cast iron and carbon steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cast iron has higher thermal conductivity due to its graphite flakes acting as phonon scattering centers", + "Carbon steel exhibits better corrosion resistance because its microstructure forms a passive oxide layer", + "The key difference is in their carbon solubility limits: 0.77% for steel vs 4.3% for cast iron at eutectic temperature", + "Cast iron contains silicon as a mandatory alloying element while carbon steel does not" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the orthorhombic system, the possible types of space lattices are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P, I, C", + "P, 1, F", + "P, C, F", + "P, F, I, C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is Critical deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical strain required to initiate dynamic recrystallization during hot working", + "The maximum strain a material can withstand before fracture at room temperature", + "The deformation threshold where dislocation density reaches saturation point", + "The minimum pre-deformation required to cause recrystallization when heated above the recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes multiple slip and its slip lines?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Multiple slip describes the phenomenon where slip lines from different grains align perfectly, forming continuous straight lines across grain boundaries.", + "Multiple slip occurs when a single slip system activates in multiple directions simultaneously, creating intersecting slip lines with identical crystallographic indices.", + "Multiple slip refers to the simultaneous or alternating slip of two or more different slip systems. Their slip lines are either parallel or intersect at a certain angle.", + "Multiple slip is the sequential activation of slip systems under increasing stress, where each new slip system creates parallel slip lines to the previous ones." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For spherical Al2O3 particles with a diameter of 1μm surrounded by excess MgO particles, the formation of spinel is observed. At a constant temperature, 20% of the Al2O3 reacts in the first hour. Using the Jander equation, calculate the time required for complete reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "194.62 h", + "25.00 h", + "5.00 h", + "100.00 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do solid solution alloys usually grow in a dendritic manner during solidification under a positive temperature gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Positive temperature gradients inherently favor faceted growth morphologies", + "Rapid heat extraction causes spontaneous branching of crystal facets", + "Solute partitioning reduces interfacial energy anisotropy below critical levels", + "Constitutional supercooling creates an unstable interface that promotes dendritic growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential similarity between work hardening, fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and second-phase strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All rely on introducing phase boundaries to block dislocation propagation", + "All increase the elastic modulus of the material by altering atomic bonding", + "All involve hindering dislocation movement, increasing the resistance to dislocation glide", + "All primarily affect the material's thermal conductivity rather than mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do crystal structures not possess 5-fold or higher than 6-fold symmetry axes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher symmetries require atomic vibrations that disrupt crystal stability", + "5-fold symmetry violates the crystallographic restriction theorem by creating gaps in the lattice", + "The Born-von Karman boundary conditions prohibit such symmetries in periodic structures", + "These symmetries would require impossible bond angles in close-packed structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for lead?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-33°C (-27°F)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "0.3 x melting temperature (97.5°C/207.5°F)", + "Room temperature (20°C/68°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium (In) has a tetragonal unit cell for which the a and c lattice parameters are 0.459 and 0.495 nm, respectively. The atomic weight of indium is 114.82 g/mol; what is its theoretical density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.47 g/cm³", + "6.89 g/cm³", + "7.52 g/cm³", + "7.31 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 65 degrees with the tensile axis. The most favored slip direction makes an angle of 30 degrees with the same tensile axis. If plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of 2.5 MPa (355 psi), what is the critical resolved shear stress for zinc?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.17 MPa (315 psi)", + "1.25 MPa (180 psi)", + "0.91 MPa (130 psi)", + "3.54 MPa (510 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes uphill diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion against the concentration gradient driven by chemical potential gradient, observed in spinodal decomposition", + "Enhanced diffusion along grain boundaries due to excess free energy", + "Anomalous fast diffusion in amorphous materials due to structural disorder", + "Temperature-dependent diffusion reversal in intermetallic compounds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of van der Waals bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Van der Waals bonds are directional covalent interactions with intermediate strength.", + "Van der Waals bonds are formed through molecular forces, and the molecular forces are very weak.", + "Van der Waals bonds result from electron transfer between atoms, creating strong ionic attractions.", + "Van der Waals bonds exhibit metallic bonding characteristics with delocalized electrons." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hall-Petch formula σ=σ₀+kd⁻¹/², given σ₀=55.3MPa, k=272MPa·μm¹/², d=39.8μm, the yield strength σ after annealing for 90 minutes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "98.4MPa", + "113.7MPa", + "76.2MPa", + "327.3MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the molecular structures of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastics consist entirely of linear chains, while thermosets have both branched and crosslinked structures", + "Both thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers can form crosslinked structures, but thermosets have higher crosslink density", + "Thermoplastic polymers have linear and branched structures, while thermosetting polymers form 3D crosslinked networks upon curing", + "The molecular structure difference only appears at high temperatures where thermoplastics become branched" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can increase the number of nuclei during solidification, and what is the reason for the increase in the number of nuclei?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Introduce dislocations. Dislocations act as preferential nucleation sites due to their strain fields.", + "Apply external pressure. Pressure increases atomic packing density, creating more favorable nucleation sites.", + "Use slower cooling rates. Slow cooling allows more time for nuclei to form and stabilize.", + "Increase undercooling. Higher undercooling provides greater driving force for nucleation, reducing the critical nucleus size." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From the perspective of wettability, which reinforcement should be selected for aluminum matrix composites, given that the wettability of molten aluminum on β-SiC is higher than that on Al2O3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "β-SiC whiskers due to superior wettability", + "Al2O3 short fibers for better thermal stability", + "Equal preference as wettability difference is negligible", + "Neither, as both require expensive surface treatments" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of cast iron and carbon steel in terms of mechanical properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon steel demonstrates lower yield strength but higher strain hardening capacity compared to cast iron, which shows brittle fracture behavior under all loading conditions.", + "Cast iron exhibits higher tensile strength than carbon steel due to its graphite inclusions, while maintaining comparable compressive strength and superior impact toughness.", + "Both cast iron and carbon steel show nearly identical stress-strain curves in tension, with cast iron having slightly better ductility owing to its heterogeneous microstructure.", + "Cast iron has low tensile strength, compressive strength similar to steel with the same matrix, and poor plasticity and toughness; carbon steel has higher strength and better plasticity and toughness." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the critical temperature Tc of a superconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature at which the resistance abruptly drops to zero", + "The temperature at which the material becomes completely diamagnetic", + "The highest temperature at which Cooper pairs can form", + "The temperature where the Meissner effect is first observed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the types of defects in metal crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All crystal defects can be classified as either point defects or planar defects, with no distinction between line and volume defects", + "Schottky defects are line defects; Frenkel defects are volume defects; twin boundaries are point defects; stacking faults are planar defects", + "Vacancies and interstitials are volume defects; dislocations are point defects; grain boundaries are line defects; voids are planar defects", + "Point defects include vacancies and interstitials; dislocations are line defects; grain boundaries are planar defects; voids are volume defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the primary microconstituent that forms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Proeutectoid cementite", + "Primary α-ferrite", + "Eutectic mixture of α-ferrite and Fe3C", + "Primary Fe3C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the strict orientation relationship between the new phase and the parent phase in the characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The main orientation relationships between martensite and the parent phase are: 1 K·S relationship; 2 G-T relationship; 3 Nishiyama relationship", + "The orientation relationship is determined solely by the Bain strain mechanism without any crystallographic constraints", + "A perfect cube-on-cube orientation relationship is maintained during the transformation", + "The orientation relationship follows the same rules as diffusion-controlled phase transformations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an aligned fibrous composite, when a stress is applied in a direction that is parallel to the fibers, what is the reinforcement efficiency?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fiber-matrix interface strength exceeds the matrix yield strength", + "The critical fiber length is exactly 10 times the fiber diameter", + "The fiber aspect ratio is greater than the stress transfer length ratio", + "The composite strain matches the matrix plastic deformation onset" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the correct type of cast iron and heat treatment method for diesel engine crankshafts, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "White iron, Ni-Hard 4, austempering", + "Gray iron, HT250, stress relief annealing", + "Ductile iron, QT800-2, quenching and tempering", + "Malleable iron, 450-10, normalizing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Spherical Al2O3 particles with a diameter of 1μm are surrounded by excess MgO particles, and the formation of spinel is observed. At a constant temperature, 20% of the Al2O3 reacts in the first hour. Using the Ginstling equation, calculate the time required for complete reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "100.00 h", + "25.00 h", + "5.00 h", + "68.12 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the atomic radius in cm for a BCC metal with a0=0.3294 nm and one atom per lattice point?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.866 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.647 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.143 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.426 x 10^-8 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the magnitude of the voltage generated in an Fe/Fe2+ concentration cell with Fe2+ concentrations of 0.5 M and 2 × 10^-2 M?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0414 V", + "0.0828 V", + "0.0207 V", + "0.0591 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Al-4.5%Cu alloy as an example, which of the following describes the microstructural transformation during 130% aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "During 130% aging, the Al-4.5%Cu alloy directly forms the equilibrium θ phase without going through any metastable phases, due to the high aging temperature accelerating diffusion.", + "After quenching, the aluminum alloy forms a supersaturated solid solution. Subsequent heating and holding will cause the sequential precipitation of GP zones, θ′′, θ′, and θ phases within the solid solution. Among these, α and θ are equilibrium phases; GP zones, θ′′, and θ′ are metastable phases.", + "The aging process leads to the formation of GP zones first, followed by the simultaneous precipitation of θ′ and θ phases, skipping the θ′′ phase due to the high copper content.", + "At 130% aging, the alloy undergoes spinodal decomposition instead of precipitation hardening, resulting in a modulated structure without distinct phases." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector for a NaCl-type structure crystal with a lattice constant a=0.4151 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2076 nm", + "0.4151 nm", + "0.5870 nm", + "0.2935 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the types of quenching methods?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Graded quenching", + "Martempering (martensite tempering)", + "Single-liquid quenching", + "Austenitizing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which method can be used to eliminate the difficulties caused by work hardening in subsequent processing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying higher strain rates during deformation", + "Solution heat treatment", + "Cold working followed by aging", + "Recrystallization annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al2O3 specimen with a square cross-section of side length 12mm in a three-point bending test, the distance between the two supports is 40mm. Given the material's fracture strength σfs=352.6 MPa, the load at fracture Ff is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7608.6 N", + "5077.4 N", + "20309.8 N", + "10154.9 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the dislocation name, Burgers vector, dislocation nature, formation method, and motion state of the Frank partial dislocation in FCC crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frank partial dislocation; 1/2 <110>; screw type; formed by vacancy condensation; can glide and climb", + "Shockley partial dislocation; 1/6 <112>; mixed type; formed by shear deformation; can glide on {111} planes", + "Frank partial dislocation; 1/3 <111>; edge type; formed by inserting or removing a {111} layer; can only climb", + "Perfect dislocation; 1/2 <110>; edge type; formed by plastic deformation; can glide on {111} planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic conditions for the crystallization of binary alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermodynamic condition: ΔG<0; structural condition: r0; structural condition: rr*; energy condition: A>ΔG_max; composition condition", + "Thermodynamic condition: ΔG<0; structural condition: r>r*; energy condition: A>ΔG_max; composition condition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Spinodal decomposition的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spinodal decomposition requires the presence of a miscibility gap but does not involve composition fluctuations", + "Spinodal decomposition occurs when a material undergoes a first-order phase transition through nucleation and growth mechanism", + "Spinodal decomposition: A transformation in which a solid solution decomposes into two solid solutions with the same structure as the parent phase but different compositions through uphill diffusion", + "Spinodal decomposition is characterized by the formation of precipitates with crystal structures different from the parent phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are advantages of hot working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Improved surface finish compared to cold working", + "Large deformations are possible, which may be repeated", + "Higher dimensional accuracy than cold working", + "Significant strain hardening effects are achieved" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of materials, which has the larger thermal conductivity? Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) (DP =1000); linear and syndiotactic polystyrene (DP=1000)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polystyrene due to lower density from bulky phenyl groups reducing phonon scattering", + "Linear and syndiotactic polystyrene due to its more rigid phenyl side groups", + "Both have equal thermal conductivity as they share identical syndiotactic configuration", + "Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) due to higher crystallinity from chlorine's steric effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the relative Burgers vector-dislocation line orientations for edge, screw, and mixed dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector and dislocation line are perpendicular for edge dislocations, parallel for screw dislocations, and neither perpendicular nor parallel for mixed dislocations", + "The Burgers vector and dislocation line are parallel for edge dislocations, perpendicular for screw dislocations, and neither perpendicular nor parallel for mixed dislocations", + "The Burgers vector and dislocation line are perpendicular for both edge and screw dislocations, but parallel for mixed dislocations", + "The Burgers vector magnitude determines whether the orientation is parallel (large magnitude) or perpendicular (small magnitude) regardless of dislocation type" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 550°C and holding for 1s, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite (γ-Fe) with 0.8% C", + "Pearlite (α-Fe + Fe3C) with 0.8% C", + "Bainite (α-Fe + Fe3C) with 0.8% C", + "Martensite with 0.8% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do monovalent alkali metal oxides reduce the viscosity of silicate melts?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Charge compensation effects reduce the overall bond strength in the melt", + "Alkali metals preferentially bond with silicon, creating more fluid Si-O-Al structures", + "The large ionic radius of alkali metals physically disrupts the silicate network structure", + "Monovalent cations increase the O/Si ratio by providing 'free oxygen', causing depolymerization of silicate networks" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ZrO2 solid solution, cations form an fcc structure, and O2- ions are located at tetrahedral interstitial sites. Given that 100 cations form 25 unit cells, and each unit cell has a total of 8 tetrahedral interstitial sites, what is the percentage of tetrahedral interstitial sites occupied by O2- ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50.0%", + "75.0%", + "92.9%", + "25.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some metal alloy is known to have electrical conductivity and electron mobility values of 1.5 × 10^{7} (Ω·m)^{-1} and 0.0020 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. Through a specimen of this alloy that is 35 mm thick is passed a current of 45 A. What magnetic field would need to be imposed to yield a Hall voltage of -1.0 × 10^{-7} V?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.32 tesla", + "1.16 tesla", + "0.29 tesla", + "0.58 tesla" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are Schottky defects the predominant point defects in MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high melting point of MgO thermodynamically favors Schottky defect formation", + "The similar ionic radii of Mg2+ and O2- favor vacancy pair formation over interstitials", + "The octahedral site occupancy of Mg2+ creates high energy barriers for interstitial formation", + "The rock salt structure inherently prevents Frenkel defects through its symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the most densely packed plane in a BCC crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.9069", + "0.8332", + "0.6802", + "0.7405" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of grain boundaries based on their structural features?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perfect crystalline structure with no defects—low diffusion rate due to ordered atomic arrangement.", + "Numerous defects such as dislocations and vacancies—high grain boundary diffusion rate. Enrichment of trace elements and impurities.", + "Amorphous structure with isotropic properties—uniform distribution of alloying elements.", + "High-angle boundaries acting as perfect mirrors for electron diffraction—no segregation of impurities." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Zn2+ diffuses in ZnS, the diffusion coefficient at 563°C is 3×10−4cm2/s, and at 450°C it is 1.0×10−4cm2/s. The activation energy for diffusion and D0 are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Q=41200J/mol, D0=5×10−14cm2/s", + "Q=32570J/mol, D0=1×10−12cm2/s", + "Q=48856J/mol, D0=3×10−15cm2/s", + "Q=55000J/mol, D0=8×10−16cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Al-Cu phase diagram, given $K=0.16$, $m=3.2$. If the solidification rate of the casting is $R=3\\times10^{-4}~\\mathrm{cm/s}$, the temperature gradient is $G=30^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}/\\mathrm{cm}$, and the diffusion coefficient is $D=3\\times10^{-5}~\\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\\mathrm{s}$, what is the extreme value of $\\scriptstyle{\\mathcal{W}}_{\\mathrm{Cu}}$ in the alloy that maintains planar interface growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1542", + "0.2018", + "0.1744", + "0.1896" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does deformation by drawing of a semicrystalline polymer affect its tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases due to molecular chain alignment and strain-induced crystallization", + "Decreases because the drawing process introduces microvoids and defects", + "Remains unchanged as the crystalline domains prevent structural reorganization", + "Initially decreases then increases due to competing mechanisms of chain slippage and orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical ingot structure usually consists of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alternating layers of austenite and ferrite", + "Homogeneous dendritic structure throughout", + "Surface fine grain zone", + "Radially aligned columnar crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At the Curie temperature, the saturation magnetization abruptly diminishes. Which of the following magnetic material types will have Curie temperatures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals decreases with increasing temperature", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for dislocation motion in BCC metals is temperature independent", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient for nanocrystalline materials increases with grain size refinement", + "The stacking fault energy in HCP metals determines their deformation twinning propensity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes homoaddition polymerization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A chain-growth polymerization mechanism where monomers add to the active site without rearrangement, preserving the monomer's double bond character in the polymer backbone.", + "A polymerization process where identical monomers add to a growing chain in alternating orientations, creating a stereoregular polymer structure.", + "A copolymerization technique where two chemically similar monomers are added sequentially to control polymer tacticity.", + "A polymerization reaction involving a single monomer is called homoaddition polymerization, abbreviated as homoaddition; the resulting polymer has the same composition as its monomer." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the theoretical density of CsCl?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.38 g/cm³", + "3.99 g/cm³", + "4.02 g/cm³", + "4.15 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interface energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=2090 J/cm^3 at 900°C, what is the critical nucleus radius?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.78 nm", + "0.478 nm", + "0.239 nm", + "2.39 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the atomic radius in cm for an FCC metal with a0=4.0862 A and one atom per lattice point?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.0486 x 10^-8 cm", + "2.8894 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.0243 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.4447 x 10^-8 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of the room temperature tensile curve of aluminum alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exhibits continuous yielding without a distinct yield point", + "Shows a sharp yield drop similar to low-carbon steel", + "Demonstrates a double yield point phenomenon", + "Has a yield plateau followed by strain hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does temperature affect atomic diffusion in crystalline solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion decreases at higher temperatures as atomic vibrations reduce available interstitial sites", + "The higher the temperature, the greater the diffusion coefficient due to increased thermal energy overcoming activation barriers", + "Temperature has no effect on diffusion in crystalline solids due to fixed lattice positions", + "Diffusion initially increases then decreases above a critical temperature as lattice vibrations become chaotic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the minimum radius of an atom that will just fit into the tetrahedral interstitial site in FCC nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "√(3/4) × a/4 (0.382 Å)", + "0.414 × r_Ni (0.352 Å)", + "0.2797 Å", + "0.225 × a (0.352 Å)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the purpose of quenching and tempering in the process route of making round dies from 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To form a dual-phase microstructure of ferrite and pearlite for better machinability", + "To refine grain size and improve toughness while maintaining moderate hardness", + "To obtain tempered martensite, ensuring high hardness and high wear resistance after heat treatment", + "To induce precipitation hardening through the formation of chromium carbides" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'electronegativity'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state", + "A parameter indicating the ability of an element to attract electrons when forming compounds or solid solutions with other elements", + "A measure of the tendency of an atom to donate electrons during ionic bond formation", + "The potential energy between two atoms when their electron clouds overlap in covalent bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "High-density polyethylene may be chlorinated by inducing the random substitution of chlorine atoms for hydrogen. If this substitution occurs for 5% of all the original hydrogen atoms, the concentration of Cl (in wt%) that must be added is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20.3 wt%", + "5.0 wt%", + "35.7 wt%", + "10.6 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of alloying elements in bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bainitic transformation exhibits the most extensive alloy element redistribution due to its intermediate transformation temperature", + "All three transformations involve complete diffusion of alloying elements to achieve equilibrium composition", + "Only martensitic transformation shows complete solute trapping with no diffusion, while pearlite and bainite both involve partial diffusion", + "In pearlitic transformation, alloying elements are redistributed through diffusion, while in bainitic transformation and martensitic transformation, alloying elements do not diffuse" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum atomic fraction of Zn or Sn that can be dissolved in Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn solid solutions, given the limiting electron concentration for Cu-based solid solutions is 1.36?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "28% Zn and 10% Sn", + "42% Zn and 18% Sn", + "30% Zn and 15% Sn", + "36% Zn and 12% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What elements is carbon steel mainly composed of?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe, C, Mn, and Si", + "Fe, C, and Mn", + "Fe, C, and Si", + "Fe and C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What usually breaks first when a polymer material fractures under force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline domains in semi-crystalline polymers", + "Secondary intermolecular forces between chains", + "Covalent bonds in the polymer backbone", + "Entanglements between polymer chains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of slurry fluidity for clay adsorbed with the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For MgO, Al2O3, and Cr2O3, the radius ratios of cations to anions are 0.47, 0.36, and 0.40, respectively. Is it possible for Al2O3 and Cr2O3 to form continuous solid solutions? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because their cation/anion radius ratios differ by less than 15% and they share the same crystal structure", + "No, because Al³⁺ and Cr³⁺ have different electronic configurations which prevent complete solubility", + "Only at high temperatures, as their thermal expansion coefficients differ significantly", + "No, because Cr2O3 has a different coordination number than Al2O3 despite similar structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the use of tin-based and lead-based babbitt alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tin-based alloys exhibit better fatigue resistance at high speeds due to their higher thermal conductivity", + "Lead-based alloys are preferred for high-load applications because of their superior hardness", + "Tin-based alloys contain antimony which forms hard cuboids that improve wear resistance at all speeds", + "Lead-based alloys should never be used in marine environments due to rapid galvanic corrosion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a first-order phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase transition where the crystal structure changes without any latent heat absorption or release", + "A phase transition characterized by a discontinuous change in the first derivative of Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature", + "A phase transition where the free energies of the old and new phases are equal before and after the transition, but their first-order partial derivatives are unequal", + "A phase transition exhibiting a divergence in the second derivative of Gibbs free energy while the first derivative remains continuous" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, what is the fundamental principle of refining grain size by increasing undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher undercooling decreases surface energy at solid-liquid interface", + "Increasing undercooling raises nucleation rate exponentially while limiting growth rate linearly", + "Undercooling promotes columnar grain formation by directional heat extraction", + "The Gibbs-Thomson effect becomes dominant at high undercooling levels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The basic raw materials of traditional ceramics and its structure are composed of which of the following combinations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "clay, silica, feldspar / crystalline phase, vitreous phase, porosity", + "kaolin, silica, alumina / crystalline phase, amorphous phase, voids", + "clay, quartz, feldspar / crystalline phase, glass phase, gas phase", + "kaolin, quartz, feldspar / crystalline domains, glassy matrix, pores" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs along specific crystallographic planes while twinning involves coordinated atomic movement", + "Twinning requires higher stress than slip due to simultaneous atomic movement", + "Slip preserves crystal orientation while twinning creates mirror-image lattice regions", + "Both mechanisms involve dislocation motion but twinning occurs at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is completely graphitized, what type of cast iron structure is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite + graphite", + "F+G (graphite)", + "Ferrite + cementite", + "Austenite + graphite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of aluminum is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 28.1 degrees with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 62.4 degrees, 72.0 degrees, and 81.1 degrees with the same tensile axis. Which of these three slip directions is most favored?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three slip directions are equally favored due to crystal symmetry", + "The slip direction with the largest angle (81.1°) to the tensile axis", + "The slip direction with the angle closest to 45° (72.0°) to the tensile axis", + "The slip direction with the smallest angle (62.4°) to the tensile axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the Burgers vector of the shortest unit dislocation in BCC crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/2<111>", + "a<100>", + "a/2<110>", + "a<111>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose one Schottky defect is present in every tenth unit cell of MgO. MgO has the sodium chloride crystal structure and a lattice parameter of 0.396 nm. The number of anion vacancies per cm3 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.22 × 10^21 vacancies/cm^3", + "1.61 × 10^21 vacancies/cm^3", + "8.05 × 10^20 vacancies/cm^3", + "4.03 × 10^20 vacancies/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing coefficient in a hexagonal close-packed unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.02%", + "74.05%", + "52.40%", + "63.66%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size number of 8, the number of grains per square inch at a magnification of 100 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64 grains/in.^2", + "256 grains/in.^2", + "128 grains/in.^2", + "512 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar packing fraction (ppf) on the (110) plane for ZnS (with the zinc blende structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.625", + "0.555", + "0.416", + "0.492" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪个是面心立方金属的一个特定滑移系？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(100)[110]", + "(110)[111]", + "(111)[110]", + "(111)[112]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In UO2 crystals, the diffusion of O2- proceeds via the mechanism.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "vacancy", + "interstitial", + "dopant point defect", + "Frenkel defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the maximum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 90 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 67 W/m·K for TiC and Ni, respectively. The maximum thermal conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64.3 W/m·K", + "58.2 W/m·K", + "27.6 W/m·K", + "31.0 W/m·K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the number-average molecular weight for a polystyrene with a degree of polymerization of 25,000?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.60 x 10^6 g/mol", + "1.30 x 10^6 g/mol", + "2.60 x 10^3 kg/mol", + "1.04 x 10^6 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the actual packing density of α-Fe (given that for every 200 iron atoms there is 1 H atom, rFe=0.1241nm, rH=0.036nm, a=0.286nm):", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.7124", + "0.7231", + "0.6982", + "0.6845" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth is primarily driven by surface energy minimization, causing smaller grains to dissolve while larger grains grow, similar to Ostwald ripening in liquid solutions.", + "Grain growth occurs when dislocations rearrange to form subgrain boundaries, leading to a reduction in overall grain size due to recrystallization during annealing.", + "Grain growth is the process in which the average grain size of a strain-free material continuously increases during heat treatment without altering its distribution. Within the bulk, grain sizes grow uniformly, and pores remain at grain boundaries or grain boundary junctions during grain growth.", + "Grain growth involves the migration of grain boundaries to reduce strain energy, resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution with distinct populations of small and large grains." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that pure titanium at 900°C is β-Ti (bcc structure) with a lattice constant a=0.3307nm. The interplanar spacing of the (112) plane is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.191 nm", + "0.135 nm", + "0.330 nm", + "0.165 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a new phase in a solid-state phase transformation precipitates from the parent phase as spherical particles, and the change in free energy per unit volume is $10^{8}\\mathrm{~J~}\\cdot\\mathrm{~m~}^{-3}$, the specific surface energy is $1~\\mathrm{J}\\cdot\\mathrm{m}^{-2}$, and the strain energy is negligible, what is the diameter of the new phase particles when the surface energy is $1\\%$ of the volume free energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2×10⁻⁵ m", + "3×10⁻⁸ m", + "6×10⁻⁶ m", + "6×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is copper not considered for the cylindrical rod subjected to a tensile load of 29,000 N (6500 lb) with a maximum allowed elongation of 1.3mm (0.05 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Copper's elastic modulus is too low to prevent excessive elongation", + "Copper's yield strength is insufficient to withstand the applied stress", + "Copper's FCC structure causes excessive dislocation movement under load", + "Copper's high thermal conductivity leads to premature failure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists all the crystal planes included in the {110} crystal plane family in the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)(100)(010)(001)", + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)(111)(111)", + "(110)(101)(011)", + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At a eutectic point on a binary temperature-composition phase diagrams, how many phases are present when the system is at equilibrium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2 (liquid + single solid solution phase)", + "2 (two distinct solid phases)", + "3 (liquid + two solid phases)", + "1 (single homogeneous liquid phase)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are preferred for semiconducting devices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nanocrystalline composites with quantum confinement effects", + "Polycrystalline materials with optimized grain boundary passivation", + "Amorphous thin films with precisely engineered defect states", + "Single crystals with controlled dopant segregation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does ferromagnetic behavior cease above the Curie temperature for ferromagnetic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal energy exceeds the exchange interaction energy, disrupting long-range magnetic order", + "The crystal structure undergoes a phase transition to paramagnetic symmetry", + "Electron spins become randomly oriented due to quantum fluctuations", + "The magnetic domains dissolve into single-domain nanoparticles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a p-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Depends on the dopant concentration", + "Electrons", + "Equal concentration of both", + "Holes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the sufficient conditions for the formation of a critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Achieving supersaturation ratio S>1 and temperature below melting point", + "Formation of an embryo with r≥rk and acquisition of nucleation work with A≥A* (critical nucleation work)", + "Local free energy minimum and positive curvature of the Gibbs free energy surface", + "Activation energy barrier overcome and chemical potential difference Δμ>0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes stored energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The total potential energy difference between the deformed and annealed states of a material", + "A small portion of the energy consumed during cold deformation exists within the deformed crystal in the form of elastic strain energy and structural defect energy", + "The energy required to initiate recrystallization in a cold-worked metal", + "The excess free energy stored primarily as vacancies and dislocations after plastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a batch of approximately 10,000 pieces of 45 steel gears subjected to relatively low contact stress but requiring good wear resistance on the teeth and minimal heat treatment deformation, which surface treatment should be selected?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electroplating with hard chromium", + "Carburizing followed by quenching", + "Nitriding", + "High-frequency surface quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following measures can be taken to improve the strength of stainless steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying grain growth inhibitors to maintain small grain size in austenitic steels", + "Increasing chromium content above 20% to enhance dislocation mobility", + "Solution annealing at 1100°C followed by rapid quenching for all types", + "Work hardening combined with low-temperature tempering for martensitic grades" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For \\mathrm{UO}_{2} with fluorite structure, the lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.2885 Å", + "5.470 Å (CaF₂ lattice parameter)", + "5.128 Å (hypothetical UO₂ with NaCl structure)", + "5.420 Å (ZrO₂ lattice parameter)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can improve the corrosion resistance of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding 13% chromium to form a passive oxide layer", + "Increasing the carbon content to enhance hardness", + "Introducing sulfur to form protective sulfide films", + "Reducing grain size through severe plastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the dislocation density ρ when the shear strength is $42\\mathrm{MPa}$. The dislocation density ρ can be calculated using the formula ρ = (τ̄/αGb)^2, where α is a constant (typically taken as 0.5). Substituting τ̄ = 42×10^6 Pa, G = 50×10^9 Pa, and b = 3.12×10^-10 m, the dislocation density ρ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.5×10^11 m^-2", + "3.2×10^14 m^-2", + "42×10^9 m^-2", + "7.3×10^12 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the function of alloying elements in tool steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They form solid solution strengthening phases that increase ductility", + "They combine with carbon to form hard carbide compounds", + "They lower the melting point to improve castability", + "They create amorphous regions to enhance toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 6kg of austenite with a carbon content of w_c=0.45% is slowly cooled below 727%, what is the proeutectoid phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "proeutectoid cementite", + "proeutectoid ferrite", + "pearlite", + "ledeburite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The driving force for the coarsening of precipitates is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Gibbs free energy difference between different particles", + "The surface energy reduction of the precipitate-matrix interface", + "The elastic strain energy minimization in the matrix", + "The chemical potential gradient between large and small precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between slip and twinning in terms of deformation continuity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs through discrete atomic plane shifts, while twinning involves continuous lattice rotation", + "Slip preserves crystal orientation, whereas twinning changes the orientation of the deformed region", + "Slip can proceed continuously while twinning cannot proceed continuously", + "Both slip and twinning are continuous processes but operate on different crystallographic systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As the porosity of refractory ceramic bricks increases, what happens to the thermal insulation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal insulation decreases because porosity reduces structural integrity", + "Thermal insulation increases due to increased air pockets acting as insulators", + "Thermal conductivity increases proportionally with porosity", + "No significant change occurs as porosity affects mechanical properties more than thermal properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The usage state of synthetic fibers is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress-strain curve shows linear elasticity up to 5% strain", + "Dislocation density reaches 10^12 cm^-2 at yield point", + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism at room temperature", + "Strain hardening coefficient (n) exceeds 0.5 in the plastic regime" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Visible light having a wavelength of 6 x 10^-7 m appears orange. What is the frequency of a photon of this light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2 x 10^15 s^-1", + "5 x 10^14 s^-1", + "1.8 x 10^6 m/s", + "3.6 x 10^8 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, which of the following phases exist in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α phase only", + "γ phase only", + "α + γ phases", + "δ + γ phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of extrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Extrinsic diffusion shows temperature-independent behavior because it is controlled by fixed impurity concentrations.", + "Extrinsic diffusion has higher activation energy than intrinsic diffusion due to additional vacancy formation energy.", + "The activation energy of extrinsic diffusion only includes the energy of particle migration, and extrinsic diffusion dominates at low temperatures.", + "The diffusion coefficient for extrinsic diffusion follows an Arrhenius relationship with the same slope as intrinsic diffusion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes dislocation slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A stress-independent diffusion process that occurs at temperatures above the recrystallization point", + "The spontaneous rearrangement of atomic planes to minimize system energy without external stress", + "The collective motion of vacancies leading to permanent deformation in crystalline materials", + "Under a certain stress, the movement of dislocations where the dislocation line moves along the slip plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a mixed dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is always perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector is always parallel to the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector can be either perpendicular or parallel depending on the slip system", + "Neither perpendicular nor parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reinforcing effect is best when the diameter of the fine particle phase in fine-grained composites is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the dislocation pinning effect exceeds the grain boundary strengthening effect", + "When the Orowan strengthening mechanism becomes dominant over Hall-Petch strengthening", + "When the particle spacing matches the critical resolved shear stress", + "When the particle diameter is approximately equal to the Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of high-temperature recovery and its driving force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-temperature mechanism: involves dislocation annihilation through cross-slip. Driving force: reduction of strain energy in the crystal lattice", + "High-temperature mechanism: involves recrystallization and grain growth. Driving force: reduction of interfacial energy through grain boundary migration", + "High-temperature mechanism: dominated by vacancy diffusion. Driving force: minimization of free energy through entropy maximization", + "High-temperature mechanism: corresponds to polygonization (dislocation slip + climb). Driving force: release of stored energy (mainly lattice distortion energy) generated during cold deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity of PbS is 25 (Ω·m)^{-1}, whereas the electron and hole mobilities are 0.06 and 0.02 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. What is the intrinsic carrier concentration for PbS at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.21 × 10^{21} m^{-3}", + "3.13 × 10^{20} m^{-3}", + "1.95 × 10^{21} m^{-3}", + "7.81 × 10^{19} m^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure of Ni is face-centered cubic, and its atomic radius is r=0.1243 nm. What is the lattice constant of Ni?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1243 nm", + "0.2486 nm", + "0.4301 nm", + "0.3516 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After recrystallization is completed, grain growth can be divided into:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "continuous; discontinuous", + "primary; secondary", + "isotropic; anisotropic", + "normal; abnormal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2 belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single-chain (pyroxene)", + "Double-chain (amphibole)", + "Layered (phyllosilicate)", + "Framework (tectosilicate)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microscopic mechanisms of diffusion in crystalline solids include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial mechanism", + "Dislocation climb mechanism", + "Surface diffusion mechanism", + "Grain boundary sliding mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that H70 brass [w(Zn)=30%] requires 1 hour to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, and 2 hours at 390°C, calculate the time required to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 420°C.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.52 h", + "0.26 h", + "0.13 h", + "0.39 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a perfect dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector magnitude equals the atomic radius", + "The dislocation line terminates at a grain boundary", + "The Burgers vector is an integer multiple of the lattice vector", + "The dislocation creates a stacking fault in FCC crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum carbon content possible for a plain carbon steel that must have an impact energy of at least 200 J at -50°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.11% C", + "0.25% C", + "0.35% C", + "0.50% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strengths of pure iron with average grain diameters of $1\\mathrm{mm}$ and $0.0625\\mathrm{mm}$ are 112.7 MPa and 196 MPa respectively, what is the yield strength of pure iron with an average grain diameter of $0.0196\\mathrm{mm}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "178.6 MPa", + "224.8 MPa", + "310.4 MPa", + "283.255 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are factors affecting the solubility of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electronegativity difference >1.7 and FCC structure", + "Atomic size difference <15% and same crystal structure", + "Valence electron concentration = 1.36 and BCC structure", + "All of the above meet Hume-Rothery rules" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A crystal with space group Fm3m has a:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "simple cubic structure with octahedral voids", + "body-centered cubic structure", + "hexagonal close-packed structure", + "face-centered cubic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that polyethylene belongs to the body-centered orthorhombic structure, with lattice constants a=0.740nm, b=0.493nm, c=0.253nm, and two molecular chains passing through a unit cell. The density ρc of fully crystalline polyethylene is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.01 g/cm³", + "0.92 g/cm³", + "1.16 g/cm³", + "0.85 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Carburize industrial pure iron at 920°C. If the carbon concentration on the workpiece surface remains constant, i.e., w_C=1.2%, the diffusion coefficient D=1.5×10^-11 m^2/s, and carburize for 10h. If the carburized layer depth is defined as the distance from the surface to where the carbon mass fraction is 0.2%, the carburized layer depth is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.36 mm", + "0.72 mm", + "2.88 mm", + "1.44 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the necessary condition for forming an ordered solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precise stoichiometric ratio", + "High quenching temperature", + "Slow cooling rate", + "Large atomic size mismatch" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on microstructural analysis, the volume of graphite in a gray cast iron accounts for 12%, and the volume of ferrite accounts for 88%. Determine the value of ωC (given that the density of graphite ρG=2.2 g/cm³, and the density of ferrite ρα=7.8 g/cm³).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.042", + "0.037", + "0.028", + "0.051" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Al2O3-SiO2 system, why is it necessary to strictly prevent the mixing of Al2O3 in silica bricks, otherwise the refractoriness of silica bricks will be greatly reduced?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al2O3 reacts with SiO2 to form low-melting-point mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) at high temperatures", + "Al2O3 causes lattice distortion in cristobalite, reducing its thermal stability", + "Al2O3 forms an amorphous phase with SiO2 that has poor thermal shock resistance", + "Al2O3 in the SiO2 system can significantly increase the amount of liquid phase, leading to a substantial decrease in the eutectic point temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes inverse segregation in the macrosegregation of ingots?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inverse segregation is caused by rapid cooling rates that prevent solute diffusion, leading to uniform solute distribution throughout the ingot cross-section.", + "Inverse segregation occurs when the solute-depleted liquid phase moves toward the ingot center due to thermal convection, creating a higher purity zone near the surface.", + "Inverse segregation: It still follows the distribution coefficient relationship, but after the formation of a large number of dendrites, the solute-enriched liquid phase will flow backward along the interdendritic channels to the vicinity of the initially solidified ingot surface, resulting in an abnormal composition distribution from the surface to the center.", + "Inverse segregation results from gravity-driven sedimentation of solute-rich phases during solidification, accumulating at the bottom of the ingot." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes peritectoid and eutectoid reactions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both reactions involve liquid phase transformation, differing only in the number of product phases", + "Peritectoid involves two solids forming one new solid phase, while eutectoid involves one solid decomposing into two new solids", + "Peritectoid is a solid-gas reaction, eutectoid is a solid-liquid reaction", + "They are identical reactions occurring at different temperature ranges in phase diagrams" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram, which of the following carbon contents is greater than that of cast iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.76%C (eutectoid composition)", + "1.5%C (typical tool steel composition)", + "2.11%C (maximum solubility in austenite)", + "4.3%C (eutectic composition)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do temperature indicators made from a coiled metal strip that uncoils when the temperature increases work?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strip is made of a single metal alloy that undergoes a phase transformation at the target temperature, causing the uncoiling", + "Two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded, causing differential expansion that uncoils the strip", + "The strip is pre-stressed to uncoil when thermal energy overcomes the yield strength of the material", + "A shape memory alloy is used that returns to its original straight shape when heated above its transformation temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching 1.2% steel to obtain martensite and a small amount of retained austenite structure, what changes will occur when heated to 300°C and held for 2h?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The retained austenite transforms into pearlite while the martensite remains unchanged", + "Both the retained austenite and martensite decompose into ferrite and coarse cementite", + "The retained austenite decomposes into α plus fine carbides while martensite remains stable at this temperature", + "The retained austenite decomposes and transforms into α plus fine carbides, and the martensite also decomposes into α plus fine carbides, with the original martensite morphology becoming less distinct" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From the perspective of bonding, which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of polymer materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polymer materials: primarily covalent bonds within molecules, with intermolecular forces mainly consisting of molecular bonds and hydrogen bonds", + "Polymer materials: primarily ionic bonds within molecules, with strong intermolecular metallic bonding", + "Polymer materials: primarily metallic bonds within molecules, with weak van der Waals forces between chains", + "Polymer materials: mixed covalent and ionic bonds within molecules, with dipole-dipole interactions dominating intermolecular forces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching, 1.2% steel obtains a martensite and a small amount of retained austenite structure. What changes will occur when heated to 680°C and held for 2 hours?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbides are distributed in granular form within the ferrite matrix, resulting in a granular pearlite structure", + "The retained austenite transforms into fresh martensite due to thermal activation", + "A fully spheroidized cementite structure forms in a ferrite matrix", + "The structure remains largely unchanged as this temperature is below Ac1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two metallographic morphologies of martensite in quenched steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Plate martensite and twinned martensite", + "Lath martensite and acicular martensite", + "Bainitic martensite and tempered martensite", + "Ferritic martensite and austenitic martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following locations may be preferred nucleation sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "locations with perfect crystallographic symmetry and minimum lattice strain", + "regions with the highest elastic modulus and lowest dislocation density", + "areas exhibiting maximum Schmid factor values under applied stress", + "original grain boundaries, newly formed high-angle grain boundaries during deformation or those gradually formed through subgrain growth, and the vicinity of second-phase particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the rules of ionic valence, when all tetrahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valence cations should be filled in the interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 3:2, such as Al2O3", + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 2:1, such as TiO2", + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 1:1, such as NaCl", + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 1:2, such as CaF2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a single crystal sample of Mg is subjected to tensile testing, the three slip directions form angles of $38^{\\circ}, 45^{\\circ}, 85^{\\circ}$ with the tensile axis, respectively, while the normal to the basal plane forms an angle of $60^{\\circ}$ with the tensile axis. If plastic deformation is first observed at a tensile stress of $2.05\\,\\mathrm{MPa}$, what is the critical resolved shear stress of $\\mathrm{Mg}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.775 MPa", + "1.025 MPa", + "0.8077 MPa", + "2.05 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the spinel (MgAl2O4) structure, O2- forms a cubic close packing, and Mg2+ ions fill", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch coefficient (k) is a universal constant for all metallic materials, approximately 0.7 MPa·m^1/2", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size exceeds 100 nm due to the transition to dislocation-free deformation", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs below 10 nm grain size because grain boundary sliding becomes the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are likely to be the preferred nucleation sites for recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "original grain boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries formed during deformation", + "low-angle grain boundaries and twin boundaries", + "single crystal regions with minimal dislocation density", + "regions with maximum stored energy but no pre-existing boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the effect of grain boundaries on material deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries strengthen metal materials at room temperature but weaken them at high temperatures", + "Grain boundaries always increase material hardness regardless of temperature due to dislocation pinning", + "Grain boundaries reduce yield strength by providing easy paths for dislocation movement", + "Grain boundaries have negligible effect on deformation as most dislocations occur within grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly compares the characteristics of carbon steel and alloy steel in terms of performance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "While alloy steel generally has better corrosion resistance, carbon steel maintains superior toughness at cryogenic temperatures due to reduced interstitial effects", + "Carbon steel exhibits higher thermal conductivity than alloy steel due to its simpler composition, but alloy steel surpasses it in all mechanical properties", + "The yield strength of medium carbon steel (0.3-0.6% C) typically exceeds that of low-alloy steels (e.g., 4140) when both are in the annealed condition", + "Alloying elements in steel primarily improve machinability, while carbon content determines the ultimate tensile strength regardless of heat treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to have an iron-carbon alloy for which the mass fractions of total cementite and pearlite are 0.039 and 0.417, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the carbon content required for 0.039 cementite (0.28 wt%) is within the range that can form 0.417 pearlite", + "Yes, because cementite and pearlite can coexist at any composition in the iron-carbon system", + "No, because the required carbon compositions for these mass fractions (0.28 wt% C for cementite and 0.33 wt% C for pearlite) are different", + "No, because pearlite cannot form at compositions below 0.76 wt% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of a crystal structure with a coordination number of 6 for a monoatomic substance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.523", + "0.680", + "0.740", + "0.602" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between nucleation and growth during solidification and nucleation and growth during recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Growth during recrystallization follows the same crystallographic relationship as solidification growth", + "Nucleation in both cases requires overcoming the same activation energy barrier", + "The driving force for both processes is the reduction of interfacial energy", + "The nucleation sites are identical in both processes, occurring preferentially at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于固溶强化的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening increases yield strength by impeding dislocation motion through lattice strain fields, while simultaneously reducing ductility due to restricted dislocation mobility", + "Solid solution strengthening primarily works by increasing the elastic modulus through solute-induced electron cloud distortion, making the material more resistant to elastic deformation", + "The effectiveness of solid solution strengthening is determined mainly by the difference in atomic radii between solute and solvent atoms, with larger differences always producing greater strengthening", + "Solid solution strengthening occurs when solute atoms preferentially segregate to grain boundaries, preventing grain boundary sliding and thus increasing high-temperature strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the copolymer of PVC vinyl chloride $(C_{2}H_{3}C)$ and PVA vinyl alcohol $(C_{4}H_{5}C)_{2}$, the ratio of vinyl chloride to vinyl alcohol is 10:1. If the average molar mass of the copolymer molecular chain is $5000 \\bar{g}/mol$, find its degree of polymerization (DP).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "248", + "310", + "192", + "275" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method for refining grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding nucleating agents", + "Increasing cooling rate", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration", + "Using coarse-grained mold materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Point out the errors in the following concept and select the correct option: (9) If 10,000 nucleation agents are added to an undercooled liquid, then 10,000 grains will form after crystallization.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of grains equals the number of nucleation agents because each agent initiates one grain", + "The number of grains will be less than 10,000 due to competitive growth and coalescence", + "The number of grains will be exactly 10,000 if the undercooling is precisely controlled", + "The number of grains will be orders of magnitude higher due to secondary nucleation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于晶界和界面能的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interfacial energy of grain boundaries decreases with increasing misorientation angle between adjacent grains, reaching a minimum at 45° due to optimal atomic packing.", + "Grain boundaries exhibit lower energy than free surfaces because they involve fewer broken bonds, resulting in interfacial energies typically an order of magnitude smaller than surface energies.", + "A grain boundary is the interface between grains of the same composition and structure. Atoms at the interface are in a broken-bond state and possess excess energy. The average excess energy per unit area of the interface is called interfacial energy.", + "Twin boundaries have higher interfacial energy than random high-angle grain boundaries because their precise crystallographic alignment creates more strained atomic configurations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Silver plating is required on alumina ceramic parts. It is known that at 1000°C, γ_{Al2O3(s)} = 1.00 mN/m, γ_{Ag(L)} = 0.92 mN/m, and γ_{Ag(L)-Al2O3(s)} = 1.77 mN/m. Can liquid silver wet the surface of alumina ceramic parts? What methods can be used to improve the wettability between them?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because γ_{Ag(L)} < γ_{Al2O3(s)}, satisfying the thermodynamic condition for wetting. Adding flux can further enhance wettability.", + "No, because the contact angle θ = 146.8° > 90° indicates non-wetting. Surface roughening can improve wettability by increasing effective surface area.", + "No, because γ_{Ag(L)-Al2O3(s)} > γ_{Al2O3(s)}. Pre-depositing a thin nickel layer can promote silver wetting through interfacial alloying.", + "Yes, because the spreading coefficient S = γ_{sv} - γ_{sl} - γ_{lv} is positive. Oxygen plasma treatment can reduce the contact angle." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the diffusivity of oxygen gas by decreasing the contact lens porosity likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because decreasing porosity reduces diffusion path tortuosity, increasing effective diffusivity", + "No, because oxygen diffusivity in polymers is primarily determined by free volume, not porosity", + "Yes, because lower porosity means more direct pathways for oxygen molecules to travel through", + "No, because increased porosity creates more void spaces that facilitate faster oxygen transport" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the effect of strain energy on the shape of the new phase. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strain energy can influence the shape of the new phase", + "Strain energy only affects the nucleation rate, not the morphology", + "The shape is solely determined by interfacial energy minimization", + "Strain energy causes all new phases to form as perfect spheres" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure with point group $\\bf F m3m$ belongs to the crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy formation decreases with increasing temperature due to enhanced atomic vibrations", + "The activation energy for vacancy formation is independent of temperature but depends on crystal structure", + "The activation energy for vacancy formation increases with temperature due to stronger atomic bonds", + "The activation energy for vacancy formation shows a non-monotonic temperature dependence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is an application of solidification theory in the crystallization of metallic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Improving corrosion resistance via eutectic point adjustment", + "Enhancing electrical conductivity by rapid quenching", + "Ingot structure control through cooling rate manipulation", + "Increasing tensile strength through martensitic transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the wire drawing die made of high-carbon high-chromium steel wears out, the inner hole has a slight oversize. What heat treatment can be used to reduce the inner hole diameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nitriding at 500°C for 5 hours", + "Annealing at 750°C followed by slow cooling", + "Tempering at 300°C for 2 hours", + "Water quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the aggregate particles become bonded together in clay-based mixtures during firing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Direct solid-state diffusion bonding occurs between clay particles at high temperatures", + "A liquid phase forms during firing, infiltrates particle pores, and becomes a glassy bonding phase upon cooling", + "Surface hydroxyl groups on clay particles chemically react to form covalent bonds", + "Partial melting creates interlocking crystal structures that mechanically bond particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do the diffusion activation energies of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen in body-centered cubic iron differ (84 kJ/mol, 75 kJ/mol, and 13 kJ/mol, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic radii decrease from carbon to hydrogen, allowing easier diffusion through BCC iron's interstitial sites", + "The electronegativity differences with iron decrease from carbon to hydrogen, reducing bonding strength", + "The mass difference causes quantum tunneling effects to dominate for hydrogen diffusion", + "The octahedral site preference energy decreases from carbon to hydrogen in BCC lattices" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.25 mm(0.01 in.) and having a tip radius of curvature of 1.2 × 10^{-3} mm(4.7 × 10^{-5} in.) when a stress of 1200 MPa(174,000 psi) is applied. The theoretical fracture strength is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2 × 10^3 MPa (1.74 × 10^5 psi)", + "3.5 × 10^4 MPa (5.1 × 10^6 psi)", + "8.9 × 10^4 MPa (1.29 × 10^7 psi)", + "2.4 × 10^3 MPa (3.48 × 10^5 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 100000 N is applied to a 10mm × 20mm iron bar having a yield strength of 400 MPa. What will happen to the bar?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bar will fracture immediately due to stress concentration at the edges", + "The bar will undergo elastic deformation only, as the stress is below the ultimate tensile strength", + "The bar will plastically deform because the applied stress of 500 MPa exceeds the yield strength of 400 MPa", + "The bar will exhibit creep behavior due to the high stress level" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can rapid changes in external temperature cause many ceramic devices to crack or break?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Due to phase transformations in the ceramic microstructure under thermal shock", + "Due to the low thermal conductivity of ceramics causing localized thermal stresses", + "Because rapid temperature changes exceed the elastic modulus of ceramic materials", + "Because most ceramics are mainly composed of crystalline and glass phases, and the thermal expansion coefficients of these two phases differ significantly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the kinking mechanism in the analysis of the mechanisms and manifestations of plastic deformation in materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A grain boundary sliding process that accommodates strain through localized shear band formation", + "A twinning-like deformation mode where symmetric lattice reorientation occurs through coordinated dislocation motion", + "A stress-induced phase transformation mechanism that creates zigzag patterns in the crystal structure", + "A localized lattice rotation mechanism where edge dislocations of the same sign accumulate, generating bending stress that forms asymmetric kink bands" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of diffusion-type phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic diffusion occurs with composition changes, but the transformation rate is primarily controlled by interfacial energy rather than diffusion speed", + "Atomic diffusion occurs during transformation with composition changes, and the rate is diffusion-controlled, but significant shape changes accompany the volume changes", + "No atomic diffusion occurs, but the transformation shows composition changes due to spinodal decomposition mechanisms", + "Atomic diffusion occurs with composition changes, rate is diffusion-controlled, and only volume changes occur without shape alteration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As a metal is strain hardened, its ductility", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increases due to dislocation annihilation during dynamic recovery", + "decreases", + "remains constant as strain hardening only affects yield strength", + "first increases then decreases as dislocations rearrange into low-angle grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit cell for uranium (U) has orthorhombic symmetry, with a, b, and c lattice parameters of 0.286, 0.587, and 0.495 nm, respectively. If its density, atomic weight, and atomic radius are 19.05 g/cm³, 238.03 g/mol, and 0.1385 nm, respectively, what is the atomic packing factor for uranium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.623", + "0.536", + "0.487", + "0.682" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pairs of polymers, which one is more likely to crystallize and why? (c) Network phenol-formaldehyde; linear and isotactic polystyrene", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Network phenol-formaldehyde is more likely to crystallize due to its highly crosslinked structure providing regular repeating units", + "Linear and isotactic polystyrene is more likely to crystallize because its regular chain structure allows for efficient packing", + "Both polymers are equally likely to crystallize as they both have regular molecular structures", + "Neither polymer can crystallize because they both contain aromatic rings that disrupt chain packing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Nb-W be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements are BCC with similar atomic radii (Nb: 1.43Å, W: 1.41Å)", + "No, due to significant differences in their electronegativity values (Nb: 1.6, W: 2.36)", + "Yes, since both are refractory metals with high melting points (>2400°C)", + "No, because their crystal structures are incompatible (Nb: BCC, W: FCC)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the quasicrystalline structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A structure with perfect translational symmetry but lacking rotational symmetry", + "A structure that can be fully described by conventional unit cells with long-range periodicity", + "A structure with 5-fold symmetry that can be constructed using two types of rhombuses following specific matching rules", + "A disordered structure with complete absence of both translational and rotational symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Curie temperature (358°C)", + "0.4 times the melting point (491°C)", + "The recrystallization temperature (600°C)", + "418°C (785°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the surface tension of alumina under vacuum is approximately 0.9 N/m, the surface tension of liquid iron is 1.72 N/m, and the interfacial tension between liquid iron and alumina under the same conditions is 2.3 N/m, what is the contact angle and can liquid iron wet alumina?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "90°, partial wetting", + "35.5°, can wet", + "144.5°, cannot wet", + "180°, complete non-wetting" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between △L/L and sintering time in the dissolution-precipitation mass transfer process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "△L/L∝t^(1/2)", + "△L/L∝t^(1/3)", + "△L/L∝ln(t)", + "△L/L∝exp(-kt)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Schottky vacancy的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vacancy formed by the migration of a displaced atom to the outer surface or internal interface (such as grain boundaries, etc.) is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed when an atom moves to an interstitial site within the crystal lattice is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed by the simultaneous removal of a cation-anion pair in ionic crystals is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed when an atom is displaced to a nearby lattice site without leaving the crystal is called a Schottky vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of the heat treatment process for high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The process primarily involves cryogenic treatment to enhance carbide precipitation, followed by single tempering at moderate temperature", + "The most prominent features are very high quenching heating temperature, high tempering temperature, multiple tempering cycles, and preheating during quenching heating", + "Characterized by low-temperature austenitizing to prevent grain growth, with water quenching for maximum hardness", + "Utilizes isothermal transformation after quenching to form bainite, achieving a balance of hardness and toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a parallel-plate capacitor having an area of 3225 mm2 (5 in.2), a plate separation of 1mm (0.04 in.), and a material having a dielectric constant of 3.5 positioned between the plates. What is the capacitance of this capacitor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1 pF", + "10 nF", + "1 μF", + "100 pF" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the commonly used diffusion mechanisms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation pipe diffusion and vacancy mechanism", + "Grain boundary diffusion and surface diffusion", + "Vacancy mechanism and interstitial mechanism", + "Interstitialcy mechanism and substitutional diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength of brittle materials can be expressed by the following formula: \n\n$$\n\\sigma_{\\mathrm{m}}=2\\sigma_{\\mathrm{0}}\\bigg(\\frac{\\ell}{r}\\bigg)^{\\frac{1}{2}}\n$$\n\nWhere, $\\sigma_{0}$ is the nominal applied tensile stress; $l$ is the length of the surface crack or half the length of an internal crack; $r$ is the radius of curvature at the crack tip; and $\\sigma_{\\infty}$ is actually the maximum stress caused by stress concentration at the crack tip. Now assume that the critical length of the surface crack in $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ ceramic is $l = 2\\times10^{-3}\\mathrm{mm}$, its theoretical fracture strength is $\\frac{E}{10}$, where $E$ is the elastic modulus of the material and is $393\\mathrm{GPa}$. When a tensile stress of $275\\mathrm{MPa}$ is applied to the $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ ceramic specimen, what is the critical radius of curvature $r_{\\mathfrak{c}}$ at the crack tip that causes fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.39 nm", + "1.23 nm", + "2.45 nm", + "3.14 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes constitutional supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simultaneous occurrence of thermal and solute gradient effects during solidification", + "Rapid cooling below the glass transition temperature without crystallization", + "Thermal gradient-induced undercooling ahead of a solidification front", + "During crystallization, a supercooled zone forms in the liquid phase near the solid-liquid interface due to component redistribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of Al2O3 is 3.8g/cm3. How many atoms are present in 1 mm3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.24×10^20", + "1.12×10^20", + "5.6×10^19", + "3.36×10^20" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Introducing high-valence W6+ into NiO will generate vacancies of which ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial W6+ ions", + "Vacancies of O2- ions", + "Vacancies of Ni2+ ions", + "Both Ni2+ and O2- vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a simple cubic lattice solid solution with a lattice constant α=0.3nm, the flux of A atoms J_A = -1.5×10² atoms/(m²·s), and the flux of B atoms J_B = -1.5×10³ atoms/(m²·s), what is the marker plane velocity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.62×10⁻¹⁰ m/s", + "2.43×10⁻²⁵ m/s", + "3.24×10⁻¹⁰ m/s", + "4.86×10⁻²⁵ m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of strain aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strain aging: After the first stretching, if a second stretching is performed immediately, the yield stage does not appear on the stress-strain curve. However, if the low-carbon steel specimen after the first stretching is left at room temperature for a period of time before the second stretching, the yield stage reappears on the stress-strain curve. Nevertheless, the yield strength upon re-yielding is higher than that during the initial yielding. This experimental phenomenon is called strain aging.", + "Strain aging refers to the gradual decrease in ductility of a material when subjected to cyclic loading at elevated temperatures, caused by the precipitation of secondary phases along grain boundaries.", + "Strain aging is the phenomenon where dislocations become pinned by interstitial atoms during deformation, leading to immediate work hardening but no subsequent change in mechanical properties over time.", + "Strain aging describes the recovery of original yield strength when a cold-worked material is annealed at high temperatures, due to dislocation annihilation and recrystallization." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of alloying elements in high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "W increases ductility, Cr improves corrosion resistance, Mo enhances electrical conductivity, Co reduces thermal expansion coefficient", + "W improves the red hardness of the steel, Cr enhances hardenability, Mo reduces the second type of temper brittleness, Co delays the precipitation and aggregation of carbides during tempering, that is, improves tempering stability", + "W forms stable carbides to increase hardness, Cr improves oxidation resistance, Mo enhances creep resistance, Co increases magnetic permeability", + "W refines grain structure, Cr lowers transformation temperature, Mo improves fatigue strength, Co increases elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polyethylene polymer materials, the C一H chemical bond belongs to", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bond length is shorter than in diamond due to sp2 hybridization", + "The bond energy is higher than C一C bonds due to hydrogen's electronegativity", + "The bond exhibits partial ionic character (15%) according to Pauling's scale", + "The bond angle deviates from 109.5° due to polymer chain constraints" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes glass phase separation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The process where crystalline phases nucleate and grow within an amorphous glass matrix during heat treatment.", + "A homogeneous glass phase may, within certain temperature and composition ranges, separate into two mutually insoluble or partially soluble glass phases that coexist.", + "The spontaneous formation of periodic density fluctuations in glass due to thermodynamic instability.", + "The irreversible chemical reaction between two different glass compositions when brought into contact at high temperatures." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a crystal, the defect formed by simultaneously creating a vacancy and an interstitial atom is called ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defect", + "Frenkel defect", + "Interstitial defect", + "Dislocation defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a powder compact with an average particle size of 5μm, after sintering for 2 hours, the neck growth rate x/r=0.1. If grain growth is not considered, how much time is needed to sinter the compact to a neck growth rate x/r=0.2 via material transport by flow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8h", + "4h", + "2h", + "16h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the number of atoms per cubic meter in chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.18 × 10^{29} atoms/m^3", + "6.02 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3", + "8.33 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3", + "7.19 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is one of the two basic phases that make up the room-temperature equilibrium microstructure of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite", + "Martensite", + "Austenite", + "Cementite (Fe3C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen 7.5mm in diameter of an S-590 alloy is exposed to a tensile load of 9000 N. At approximately what temperature will the steady-state creep be 10^{-2}h^{-1}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "730°C", + "650°C", + "925°C", + "815°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the volume of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.95 in^3", + "6.00 in^3", + "10.37 in^3", + "12.57 in^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO has a NaCl-type structure. The ionic radius of Mg2+ is 0.078nm, and the ionic radius of O2- is 0.132nm. The density (ρ) of MgO is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.326 g/cm³", + "3.613 g/cm³", + "2.891 g/cm³", + "5.217 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the density of amorphous polyethylene ρa=0.854 g/cm³, the density of typical commercial low-density polyethylene ρ=0.920 g/cm³, and the density of fully crystalline polyethylene ρc=1.01 g/cm³, the mass fraction of the crystalline region wc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "38.2%", + "46.6%", + "52.4%", + "64.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What mainly occurs during the high-temperature recovery of cold-worked metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation annihilation", + "Recrystallization", + "Polygonization", + "Grain boundary migration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From a molecular perspective, which of the following best explains the mechanism by which clay minerals become hydroplastic when water is added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the clay's surface hydroxyl groups, creating a lubricating layer that allows sheet slippage", + "Intercalated water molecules disrupt van der Waals forces between clay sheets while maintaining primary covalent bonds, enabling plastic deformation", + "Hydration of exchangeable cations increases ionic repulsion between clay layers, overcoming their electrostatic attraction", + "Capillary action draws water into clay's nanopores, reducing internal friction through hydrodynamic lubrication" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of cast iron and heat treatment method should be used for the machine tool bed, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Malleable cast iron (KTH350-10), normalizing", + "Ductile cast iron (QT600-3), quenching and tempering", + "White cast iron (Ni-Hard), solution treatment", + "Gray cast iron (HT250), stress relief annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a body-centered cubic structure, can a dislocation with Burgers vector $a[100]$ decompose into $\\frac{a}{2}[111]+\\frac{a}{2}[1\\overline{1}\\overline{1}]$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, as this decomposition reduces strain energy in BCC crystals", + "No, because the vector sum does not equal the original Burgers vector", + "Possible, if the dislocation is under high shear stress conditions", + "Yes, because both partial dislocations have equal magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If unidirectional continuous fibers are unevenly distributed but all well-aligned in parallel, will it affect the elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, it increases modulus because densely packed fibers create synergistic reinforcement", + "Yes, it decreases modulus due to stress concentration effects in sparsely distributed regions", + "No effect, as the average modulus follows the rule of mixtures regardless of local fiber distribution", + "Only affects transverse modulus but not longitudinal modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If different atomic planes in a crystal are represented by letters such as A, B, C, D, etc., the stacking sequence of atoms in a face-centered cubic crystal is _(1)_, and the stacking sequence of atoms in a hexagonal close-packed crystal is _(2)_. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) ABACABAC...; (2) ABABAB", + "(1) ABABAB...; (2) ABCABCABC", + "(1) ABCABCABC...; (2) ABABAB", + "(1) ABCABCABC...; (2) ABCABCABC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the changes occurring during recrystallization annealing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "During annealing, the dislocation density decreases, deformed grains transform into equiaxed grains, residual stresses are eliminated, and strength and hardness are reduced", + "Annealing causes dislocation density to increase initially due to thermal activation, followed by grain boundary migration that increases hardness", + "Recrystallization annealing primarily increases the elastic modulus by eliminating vacancies while maintaining the original grain morphology", + "The process creates a textured microstructure with elongated grains to enhance directional mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 20 grains/square inch are observed at a magnification of 400, what is the ASTM grain size number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.3", + "8.6", + "10.2", + "7.9" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in carbides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bond with partial covalent character", + "Pure covalent bond", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Hybrid bond with dominant ionic character" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Nickel has a face-centered cubic structure with an atomic radius of r_Ni=0.1246 nm. Determine the number of atoms per 1 mm^2 on the (110) plane of nickel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.21×10^12 atoms/mm^2", + "1.14×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "1.62×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "8.47×10^12 atoms/mm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes secondary banded structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Secondary banding occurs due to dendritic segregation during solidification, creating alternating solute-rich and solute-poor regions", + "Secondary banding results from rapid quenching causing alternating layers of martensite and retained austenite", + "Secondary banding is a product of solid-state transformation where white bands are proeutectoid ferrite and black bands are pearlite under nitric acid alcohol etching", + "Secondary banding is an artifact of TEM sample preparation causing alternating thick and thin regions in the foil" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the meaning of continuous precipitation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous precipitation: as the new phase forms, the composition of the parent phase continuously changes from a supersaturated state to a saturated state", + "Continuous precipitation: the new phase forms with constant composition while the parent phase remains supersaturated", + "Continuous precipitation: simultaneous nucleation of multiple phases leading to discontinuous composition changes", + "Continuous precipitation: a sudden phase transformation where the parent phase composition jumps to equilibrium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following measures can be taken to accelerate the formation of mullite in a diffusion-controlled reaction conforming to the Jander equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing the temperature gradient across the sample to enhance mass transport", + "Adding excess SiO2 to shift the reaction equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle", + "Reducing particle size of reactants to increase surface area for diffusion", + "Introducing a small amount of MgO to form a liquid phase at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the significance of the TTT diagram for eutectoid carbon steel in practical heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Provides exact transformation times for bainite formation under non-isothermal conditions", + "Determines the maximum hardness achievable through martensitic transformation at any temperature", + "Predicts the critical cooling rate required to avoid pearlite formation during continuous cooling", + "Shows the equilibrium phases present at different carbon concentrations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a diffusion couple, if it is interstitial diffusion, will the Kirkendall effect occur?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because all diffusion mechanisms involve vacancy exchange", + "No, because interstitial diffusion does not require vacancy formation", + "Yes, but only in body-centered cubic structures", + "No, but marker movement will still be observed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the heat treatment conditions (temperature, time, cooling rate, etc.) for φ25 hot-rolled eutectoid steel during annealing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hold at 760°C for 1h, furnace cooling", + "Hold at 720°C for 2h, air cooling", + "Hold at 800°C for 30min, water quenching", + "Hold at 680°C for 4h, controlled cooling at 50°C/h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The essence of crystals is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The existence of a well-defined unit cell with translational symmetry", + "The presence of long-range atomic order and sharp diffraction peaks", + "The periodic repetition of particles in three-dimensional space", + "The minimum energy configuration of atoms in a solid state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Cu's ka (λ=0.1542 nm), the first line of Cr's X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured at 2θ=64.6°. If the lattice constant a of (bcc) Cr is 0.2885 nm, what are the Miller indices corresponding to these spectral lines?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110)", + "(200), (020), or (002)", + "(211)", + "(111)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in diffusion activation energy between interstitial atoms and substitutional atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion activation energy of interstitial atoms is much smaller than that of substitutional atoms", + "The diffusion activation energy is identical for both mechanisms since both involve atomic jumps", + "Substitutional diffusion requires lower activation energy due to larger available lattice sites", + "Interstitial diffusion shows higher activation energy because it requires breaking more atomic bonds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers on the basis of mechanical characteristics upon heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermosetting polymers show greater thermal expansion coefficients than thermoplastics, leading to faster softening at elevated temperatures", + "Both polymer types soften upon initial heating, but thermosets develop higher elastic modulus upon cooling due to crystalline domain formation", + "Thermoplastic polymers exhibit reversible softening upon heating due to breaking of secondary bonds, while thermosetting polymers undergo irreversible crosslinking that prevents softening at any temperature", + "The glass transition temperature marks the softening point for thermoplastics, while thermosets maintain rigidity until reaching decomposition temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are sources of internal residual stresses in metal components?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Plastic deformation processes", + "Uniform cooling from elevated temperature", + "Elastic deformation below yield point", + "Isotropic thermal expansion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: The critical nucleus size of aluminum r*=94.5 nm, atomic volume V0=1.66×10^-29 m^3. Calculate the number of atoms Nr* in a nucleus with radius r*.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.12 × 10^8", + "1.06 × 10^8", + "4.24 × 10^8", + "3.18 × 10^8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the interdiffusion coefficient D for the A-B binary system at 550K with molar fractions x_A=0.6 and x_B=0.4, given D_B^AB=9×10^-12 cm²/s, D_A^AB=2×10^-12 cm²/s, and d²G/dx_B²=-95.325?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-9.5×10^-13 cm²/s", + "3.6×10^-12 cm²/s", + "1.8×10^-11 m²/s", + "-2.4×10^-18 m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main structural types (subtypes) of silicate crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isolated, cyclic, single-chain, double-chain, sheet", + "Island, group, chain, layer, framework", + "Orthosilicate, metasilicate, phyllosilicate, tectosilicate", + "Monomer, dimer, oligomer, polymer, network" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the intermediate crystal zone in the ingot structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The intermediate zone consists of columnar crystals formed due to preferential growth perpendicular to the mold wall when nucleation rate is exceeded by growth rate", + "The intermediate zone contains equiaxed crystals resulting from uniform cooling conditions and homogeneous nucleation throughout the melt", + "The intermediate zone exhibits dendritic structures with secondary arms due to constitutional undercooling and solute redistribution", + "The intermediate zone shows amorphous characteristics caused by rapid quenching effects from the mold wall" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the repeat unit molecular weight for poly(vinyl chloride)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64.47 g/mol", + "62.49 g/mol", + "58.44 g/mol", + "60.05 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the close-packed plane of an FCC unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{110}", + "{111}", + "{100}", + "{112}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does the magnitude of the saturation magnetization decrease with increasing temperature for ferromagnetic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The increased temperature causes domain wall motion to become irreversible, leading to permanent loss of magnetization", + "The atomic thermal vibrational motions counteract the coupling forces between the adjacent atomic dipole moments, causing some magnetic dipole misalignment", + "The Curie temperature represents the point where all magnetic domains simultaneously lose their orientation", + "Thermal expansion reduces the density of magnetic atoms per unit volume, directly lowering saturation magnetization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the elastic modulus of sintered alumina is $370\\mathrm{GPa}$ when its porosity is $5\\%$, if the elastic modulus of another sintered alumina is $270~\\mathrm{GPa}$, what is its porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27.0 GPa", + "14.2%", + "19.6%", + "5.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the drift velocity of electrons in silicon at room temperature when the magnitude of the electric field is 500 V/m?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "36.25 m/s", + "145 m/s", + "72.5 m/s", + "1.45 × 10^3 m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Kirkendall effect的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Kirkendall effect: A phenomenon in substitutional solid solutions where the relative diffusion of atoms of two components at different rates causes the migration of marker planes", + "Kirkendall effect: A phenomenon where vacancy diffusion dominates interstitial diffusion in FCC metals at high temperatures", + "Kirkendall effect: The preferential diffusion of smaller atoms through grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials", + "Kirkendall effect: The formation of voids due to equal but opposite diffusion fluxes in binary alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the initial grain size of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The grain size measured at the Ac3 temperature", + "The smallest observable grain size in fully austenitized steel", + "The grain size when pearlite-to-austenite transformation is just completed", + "The average grain size after complete recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Cross-slip的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip is the simultaneous activation of two different slip systems in a crystal", + "Cross-slip occurs when dislocations bypass obstacles by climbing out of their original slip plane", + "Cross-slip is the process where a dislocation line transfers from one slip plane to another", + "Cross-slip requires the presence of stacking faults in the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do alloy tool steels have higher wear resistance and hot hardness than carbon steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The higher carbon content in alloy tool steels directly increases both hardness and thermal conductivity", + "Alloy tool steels contain elements like Cr, Mo, and V that form stable carbides with high hardness and thermal stability", + "Alloying elements reduce grain boundary mobility, preventing recrystallization at elevated temperatures", + "Solid solution strengthening from alloying elements dominates over carbide formation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes pearlitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phase transformation in which the austenite of Fe-C alloy simultaneously transforms into the eutectoid structure of ferrite and cementite below the eutectoid transformation temperature during cooling.", + "The diffusionless martensitic transformation that occurs in Fe-C alloys when rapidly quenched below the martensite start temperature.", + "The precipitation of cementite from supersaturated ferrite during aging of low-carbon steels at intermediate temperatures.", + "The discontinuous decomposition of austenite into alternating layers of ferrite and cementite that occurs only in hypereutectoid steels." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of transparent materials in terms of their appearance and light transmittance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transparent materials absorb all wavelengths of visible light equally, resulting in their colorless appearance.", + "Transparent materials exhibit total internal reflection when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, making them appear opaque under certain conditions.", + "The refractive index of transparent materials must be exactly 1.0 to achieve perfect light transmission without any scattering.", + "Virtually all of the incident light is transmitted through transparent materials, and one can see clearly through them." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of amorphous metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal conductivity: lower conductivity increases critical cooling rate by slowing heat dissipation", + "Elastic modulus of the solid phase: higher modulus promotes faster cooling rates required for amorphous formation", + "Viscosity of liquid metal: the higher the viscosity, the more difficult the atomic diffusion, making it easier to retain the liquid metal structure", + "Crystal structure of the primary phase: FCC metals have higher glass-forming ability due to their close-packed planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector in diamond cubic silicon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.920 Å", + "5.431 Å", + "2.715 Å", + "3.840 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the height of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 4 in. × 10 in. × 20 in. casting if the H / D of the riser is 1.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "h ≥ 8.94 in.", + "h ≥ 6.67 in.", + "h ≥ 15 in.", + "h ≥ 10 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Al-Cu be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because their atomic radii differ by less than 15%", + "No, due to their different crystal structures at room temperature", + "Yes, as both elements are FCC and have similar electronegativities", + "No, because their valence electron concentrations differ significantly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 4-in-diameter sphere of liquid copper is allowed to solidify, producing a spherical shrinkage cavity in the center of the casting. The volume and diameter of the shrinkage cavity in the copper casting are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "shrinkage volume: 2.563 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.56 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 3.418 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.84 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 0.855 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.08 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 1.709 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.30 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a brass alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 345 MPa (50,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 103 GPa (15.0 x 10^6 psi). If the original specimen length is 76mm (3.0 in.), what is the maximum length to which it can be stretched without causing plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "76.10mm (2.996 in.)", + "76.34mm (3.006 in.)", + "76.50mm (3.012 in.)", + "76.25mm (3.01 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical metal alloy has a grain diameter of 2.4 × 10^{-2} mm. After a heat treatment at 575^{\\circ} C for 500min, the grain diameter has increased to 7.3 × 10^{-2} mm. Compute the time required for a specimen of this same material (i.e., \\mathrm{d}_{0}=2.4 × 10^{-2}mm ) to achieve a grain diameter of 5.5 × 10^{-2}mm while being heated at 575^{\\circ} C. Assume the N grain diameter exponent has a value of 2.2. The time required is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "184 min", + "246 min", + "317 min", + "412 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of metal materials at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fine grain strengthening improves both strength and ductility due to increased grain boundary sliding", + "Grain size refinement increases yield strength but reduces fracture toughness at room temperature", + "Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size drops below 100nm due to dislocation starvation", + "Ultrafine grains ( <1μm) exhibit superior creep resistance compared to coarse grains at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The intercepts of a crystal plane on the x, y, and z axes are a/3, b/2, and c, respectively. The Miller indices of this crystal plane are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(236)", + "(321)", + "(123)", + "(632)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The positional relationship between the screw dislocation line and the Burgers vector is (7), the positional relationship between the edge dislocation line and the Burgers vector is (8), and the dislocation whose dislocation line intersects obliquely with the Burgers vector is (9). Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (7), (8), and (9)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel; perpendicular; mixed dislocation", + "perpendicular; parallel; partial dislocation", + "parallel; parallel; edge dislocation", + "perpendicular; perpendicular; screw dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for bronze (a copper-tin alloy)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primarily covalent bonding with partial ionic character due to electronegativity difference", + "Pure metallic bonding with delocalized electrons", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent bonding with directional character", + "Secondary metallic bonding with primary van der Waals interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold deformation, the control of grain size after recrystallization is related to several factors. Among these, which one is the most significant?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Original grain size before deformation", + "Degree of cold deformation", + "Recrystallization temperature", + "Presence of trace impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: 1273 K with D = 9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s and 1473 K with D = 2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s. What is the magnitude of D at 1100°C (1373 K)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s", + "2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s", + "5.4 x 10^-15 m^2/s", + "1.7 x 10^-14 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A circular specimen of MgO is loaded using a three-point bending mode. What is the minimum possible radius of the specimen without fracture, given that the applied load is 425N (95.5 lb), the flexural strength is 105 MPa (15,000 psi), and the separation between load points is 50 mm (2.0 in)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.0 mm (0.16 in)", + "3.2 mm (0.13 in)", + "5.6 mm (0.22 in)", + "2.8 mm (0.11 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Kaolinite belongs to the layered silicate structure, and its structural feature is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased ductility with decreasing grain size due to enhanced dislocation mobility", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows a linear increase in yield strength with the inverse square root of grain size, valid down to the nanoscale", + "The Hall-Petch relationship describes a logarithmic dependence of hardness on grain boundary density", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below 100nm grain size due to dislocation starvation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electrical conductivity of an extrinsic semiconductor is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primarily determined by the intrinsic carrier concentration", + "Inversely proportional to the mobility of minority carriers", + "Directly proportional to the square root of dopant concentration", + "Independent of temperature above 300K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During liquid-solid phase transformation, the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is related to the contact angle θ. When , the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is reduced by half compared to the homogeneous nucleation barrier.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC iron at 300K", + "The Peierls stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC iron at 300K", + "The theoretical shear strength of perfect BCC iron crystal", + "The yield strength of polycrystalline iron with 0.1% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the application condition of the first law of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Steady-state diffusion with constant concentration gradient", + "Non-steady state diffusion with time-dependent flux", + "Diffusion in systems with chemical reactions occurring", + "All diffusion processes regardless of boundary conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares gray and malleable cast irons with respect to microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both exhibit continuous graphite networks in pearlitic matrices with identical morphology", + "Both contain spheroidal graphite nodules dispersed in austenitic matrix", + "Gray iron--Graphite clusters in bainitic matrix. Malleable iron--Graphite flakes in martensitic matrix", + "Gray iron--Graphite flakes in ferrite/pearlite matrix. Malleable iron--Graphite clusters in ferrite/pearlite matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion can an edge dislocation undergo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip", + "Climb", + "Twinning", + "Diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role of Mn element in aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The primary role of Mn is to scavenge iron impurities by forming dense Fe-Mn precipitates that settle out of the melt, allowing production of ultra-high purity aluminum (>99.99%) for semiconductor applications.", + "Manganese forms strong intermetallic compounds with aluminum that significantly increase the alloy's elastic modulus, making it the preferred choice for structural aerospace applications where stiffness is critical.", + "Mn acts as a powerful grain refiner in aluminum alloys through heterogeneous nucleation, with its effectiveness peaking at 5-7% concentration where it achieves maximum grain boundary pinning.", + "Manganese has low solubility in aluminum, resulting in limited solid solution strengthening capability. The second phase MnAl6 in the Al-Mn system has electrochemical properties similar to aluminum, providing good corrosion resistance. Therefore, manganese is often added to rust-proof aluminum alloys, with its wMn generally not exceeding 2%." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fick's first law describes the characteristics of steady-state diffusion, where the concentration does not vary with ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion", + "The pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation", + "The stacking fault energy of the material", + "The Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why must rivets of a 2017 aluminum alloy be refrigerated before they are used?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To prevent premature precipitation hardening that would make them too brittle for riveting", + "To reduce thermal expansion during installation for better dimensional accuracy", + "To maintain the metastable supersaturated solid solution state until forming is complete", + "To slow down the diffusion of copper atoms and preserve workability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a nickel (Ni) crystal with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and a lattice constant of 0.3524 nm, which crystal plane family has an interplanar spacing of 0.1246 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{111}", + "{200}", + "{220}", + "{311}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the atomic number of an element is 32, which of the following best describes the strength of its metallic character based on its electron configuration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strong metallic character due to complete d-orbital filling", + "Weak metallic character with predominant covalent bonding", + "Transition metal with variable metallic character", + "Pure non-metal with no metallic properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the meaning of the steel grade 08F?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "08F is a plain carbon structural steel, wc=0.08% rimmed steel", + "08F denotes a stainless steel with 8% chromium content and free-machining properties", + "08F represents a high-strength low-alloy steel with 0.8% carbon and ferritic microstructure", + "08F indicates a tool steel with 0.08% vanadium and forged microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role of Suzuki atmosphere in strengthening metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Suzuki atmosphere enhances grain boundary strengthening by preferential segregation of solute atoms to grain boundaries", + "Suzuki atmosphere increases dislocation density by introducing interstitial impurities that pin dislocations through Cottrell atmospheres", + "Suzuki atmosphere reduces stacking fault energy in FCC crystals by segregating alloying elements to stacking fault regions, requiring higher stress for dislocation motion", + "Suzuki atmosphere creates short-range ordering that increases the Peierls stress for dislocation movement in BCC metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 100000 N is applied to a 10mm × 20mm iron bar having a tensile strength of 480 MPa. What will happen to the bar?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bar will fracture immediately due to brittle failure", + "The bar will experience necking because the applied stress of 500 MPa exceeds the tensile strength of 480 MPa", + "The bar will undergo elastic deformation but not yield, as the stress is below the yield strength", + "The bar will plastically deform but not neck, as the stress is only slightly above the tensile strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A common polymer has C2H2Cl2 as its monomer, with an average molecular weight of 60000u (using the relative atomic masses of the elements as Ar(C)=12, Ar(H)=1, Ar(Cl)=35.5). What is the mass of the monomer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "194u/mol", + "97u/mol", + "48.5u/mol", + "60000u/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the partial pressure of surrounding oxygen is increased, how will the density of the non-stoichiometric compound Zn1+xO change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase due to incorporation of interstitial oxygen atoms", + "Decrease due to formation of zinc vacancies", + "Remain unchanged as the crystal structure is unaffected", + "First decrease then increase due to competing defect mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting atomic diffusion in crystalline solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature and vacancy concentration", + "Crystal structure and solid solution type", + "Grain size and dislocation density", + "All of the above" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of work hardening in metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alignment of crystal lattices along the deformation direction reduces atomic spacing and increases bonding strength", + "The increase in dislocation density during plastic deformation creates barriers to further dislocation motion, leading to increased strength", + "The formation of metastable phases during deformation provides additional strengthening through precipitation effects", + "The reduction in grain boundary area due to deformation-induced grain elongation decreases diffusion pathways" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly points out the errors in the concept: 'If there is no diffusion flow in a solid, it means that atoms are not diffusing.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The statement is correct because no diffusion flow directly implies no atomic movement", + "The statement is incorrect because diffusion can occur through vacancy mechanisms without net flow", + "The statement is incorrect because grain boundary diffusion always creates measurable flow", + "The statement is correct because Fick's first law requires concentration gradient for any diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the most close-packed direction in a face-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<100>", + "<111>", + "<110>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When an electric field is applied, in which direction are the free electrons accelerated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In the same direction as the electric field", + "Opposite to the direction of the electric field", + "Perpendicular to both electric and magnetic fields", + "Random direction due to thermal motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the relationship d²=kt and k=17.6μm²/min, what is the grain diameter d after annealing for 60 minutes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1056μm", + "32.5μm", + "17.6μm", + "60μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2 in. × 8 in. × 10 in. iron casting is produced and, after cooling to room temperature, is found to weigh 43.9 lb. The percent shrinkage that must have occurred during solidification is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.1%", + "6.8%", + "1.7%", + "3.4%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following electron configurations is for an inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship demonstrates reduced yield strength with finer grains because of increased grain boundary sliding", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch effect becomes invalid below 10nm grain size due to the inverse Hall-Petch phenomenon", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is a universal constant for all metallic materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes traditional materials and advanced materials (new materials)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Advanced materials must contain at least one nanoscale component, whereas traditional materials are exclusively microscale or larger", + "The distinction is purely chronological, with materials discovered before 1950 classified as traditional and those after as advanced", + "Traditional materials are those with well-established processing techniques and widespread applications, while advanced materials exhibit superior properties but require further development for industrial-scale production", + "Traditional materials have isotropic properties while advanced materials are always anisotropic by design" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The kinetics of the austenite-to-pearlite transformation obey the Avrami relationship. Using the fraction transformed-time data given here, determine the total time required for 95% of the austenite to transform to pearlite:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "28.2 s", + "42.3 s", + "35.7 s", + "56.8 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of Al3+ replacing Si4+ on the composition of silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The substitution creates excess positive charge, requiring incorporation of anions like F- for charge balance", + "The replacement is isovalent and requires no additional charge compensation", + "The structural units lose electrical neutrality, requiring larger cations like K+ to enter the structure", + "The Al3+ substitution increases the polymerization degree of silicate tetrahedra" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these microconstituents are 0.20 and 0.80, respectively. What is the concentration of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.45%", + "0.61%", + "0.77%", + "0.30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell edge lengths?\n\na=b ≠ c", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tetragonal only", + "Hexagonal only", + "Both tetragonal and hexagonal", + "Tetragonal and rhombohedral" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the atomic number of an element is 32, based on its electron configuration, which period does it belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fourth period", + "The third period", + "The fifth period", + "The sixth period" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a unit dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A perfect dislocation that can dissociate into partial dislocations", + "A dislocation with the smallest possible Burgers vector magnitude in a crystal", + "A dislocation that conserves the total number of atomic planes", + "A dislocation whose Burgers vector equals a lattice vector" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many p electrons are in the outermost orbital of Group VIIA elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 p electron", + "7 p electrons", + "3 p electrons", + "5 p electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a face-centered cubic crystal has a unit dislocation with b=α/2[1̄01] and a partial dislocation with b=a/6[121̄], these two dislocations meet and undergo a dislocation reaction. Which of the following is the Burgers vector of the resulting dislocation and the type of the resulting dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bŝ=a/6[112̄]; this dislocation is a Shockley partial dislocation", + "bŝ=a/3[1̄11]; this dislocation is a Frank partial dislocation", + "bŝ=a/2[1̄10]; this dislocation is a perfect dislocation", + "bŝ=a/6[1̄1̄2]; this dislocation is a stair-rod dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the theoretical packing density of α-Fe (given rFe=0.1241nm, a=0.286nm)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.6802", + "0.7405", + "0.6844", + "0.7241" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium has two naturally occurring isotopes: { }^{113} In with an atomic weight of 112.904 amu, and { }^{115} \\mathrm{In} with an atomic weight of 114.904 amu. If the average atomic weight for In is 114.818 amu, what are the fraction-of-occurrences of these two isotopes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fraction-of-occurrence of { }^{113}In is 0.043 and { }^{115}In is 0.957", + "The fraction-of-occurrence of { }^{113}In is 0.957 and { }^{115}In is 0.043", + "The fraction-of-occurrence of { }^{113}In is 0.500 and { }^{115}In is 0.500", + "The fraction-of-occurrence of { }^{113}In is 0.250 and { }^{115}In is 0.750" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes constitutional supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The sudden drop in temperature when a pure metal reaches its eutectic point during solidification", + "A phenomenon where the local melting point depression due to solute segregation creates a supercooled zone ahead of the solidification front", + "The cooling rate required to prevent diffusion of solute atoms during rapid solidification processes", + "The temperature difference between the liquidus and solidus lines in a phase diagram under non-equilibrium conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of ionic bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exhibit directional bonding with moderate strength, similar to covalent bonds", + "Show saturation behavior but no directionality, with intermediate bond strength", + "The absence of directionality and saturation, with very strong bonding forces", + "Demonstrate both directionality and saturation, like metallic bonds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To dissolve MgF2 into LiF, what type of vacancies (anion or cation) need to be introduced into LiF?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anion vacancies to compensate for the lower charge of Mg2+ compared to Li+", + "Cation vacancies to accommodate the larger ionic radius of Mg2+", + "Equal numbers of anion and cation vacancies to maintain charge neutrality", + "No vacancies needed as MgF2 can directly substitute into LiF lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between constitutional supercooling and the resulting structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The greater the tendency for constitutional supercooling, the easier it is to form a dendritic structure", + "Higher solute concentration reduces constitutional supercooling by stabilizing the solid-liquid interface", + "Constitutional supercooling promotes planar growth by suppressing solute redistribution", + "The constitutional supercooling zone expands with increasing thermal gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at its melting temperature of 1084°C (1357 K), assuming an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom. The correct fraction is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.28 × 10^-4", + "4.56 × 10^-4", + "9.12 × 10^-4", + "1.82 × 10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes annealing twin and its formation mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Annealing twins are curved twin boundaries formed during grain growth in HCP metals like Mg and Zn", + "Annealing twins are deformation-induced twins that form during cold working of BCC metals like Fe and W", + "Annealing twins are lamellar twins with straight {111} interfaces formed during recrystallization annealing of cold-worked FCC metals like Cu and Ni", + "Annealing twins are stacking faults created during rapid quenching of austenitic steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the reason for the increase in strength caused by the proliferation of line defects and planar defects in crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The defects create additional slip systems that accommodate plastic deformation", + "The defects increase the elastic modulus by altering atomic bonding configurations", + "The increase in both types of defects significantly hinders the movement of dislocations, thereby enhancing strength", + "The defects promote dynamic recovery processes that refine grain structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is interstitial diffusion normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial atoms have higher activation energy for diffusion due to stronger lattice distortions", + "Vacancy diffusion requires pre-existing defects while interstitial diffusion can occur in perfect crystals", + "Interstitial sites have lower coordination number, reducing atomic interaction resistance", + "The concentration gradient for interstitial impurities is typically steeper than for vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fraction of lattice sites that are Schottky defects for sodium chloride at its melting temperature (801°C), assuming an energy for defect formation of 2.3 eV?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.23 × 10^{-5}", + "4.03 × 10^{-6}", + "2.15 × 10^{-7}", + "6.78 × 10^{-4}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Taking the tensile curve of low-carbon steel as an example, which of the following best explains the phenomenon of work hardening according to dislocation theory?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation annihilation at grain boundaries reduces strain energy, causing the observed stress drop after yielding", + "The yield plateau in low-carbon steel is caused by dynamic strain aging where solute atoms temporarily pin dislocations, leading to localized softening", + "Work hardening occurs due to the formation of immobile dislocation tangles that impede further dislocation motion, requiring higher stress for continued plastic deformation", + "The initial elastic modulus decreases with strain due to dislocation multiplication, resulting in apparent hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can increase the number of nuclei during the solidification process, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase the holding temperature above the liquidus to homogenize the melt", + "Add grain refiners to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites", + "Decrease the melt viscosity to allow faster atomic diffusion", + "Increase the cooling rate to enhance the degree of undercooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the Inconel and nickel pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Corrosion is unlikely as both alloys are in the same galvanic series bracket", + "Nickel will corrode due to its lower nobility compared to Inconel", + "Inconel will corrode preferentially due to its complex alloy composition", + "Severe galvanic corrosion will occur due to seawater electrolyte" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When observing the microstructure of eutectoid steel, it is found that the figure shows different densities of cementite lamellae. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the carbon content in these areas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The observed difference indicates non-uniform carbon distribution in the parent austenite", + "Dense lamellae regions result from higher cooling rates during transformation", + "The carbon content variation is due to local fluctuations in the eutectoid reaction kinetics", + "Sparse lamellae areas correspond to regions that underwent partial spheroidization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the length increases from L to 1.1L, what are the engineering strain εe and true strain εT?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "εe = ΔL/L0; εT = ln(λ)", + "εe = 10%; εT = ln(1.1)", + "εe = 0.1; εT = 0.095", + "εe = 10%; εT = 9.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting the viscosity of the melt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature and the composition of the melt", + "Crystalline structure and thermal conductivity of the solid phase", + "Surface tension and cooling rate during solidification", + "Applied shear stress and elastic modulus of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the intrinsic magnetic moment of a substance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The residual magnetic moment after removing an applied field (remanence)", + "The maximum magnetization achievable when all atomic dipoles are perfectly aligned", + "The magnetic moment per unit volume under saturation conditions", + "The sum of all atomic magnetic moments in the absence of an external magnetic field" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an intermediate phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A solid solution phase with properties intermediate between the two pure components", + "A metastable phase that forms during rapid cooling and transforms to equilibrium phases upon annealing", + "A compound formed by two pure components with a structure different from theirs, whose composition lies between the two pure components", + "A transition region between two phases in a phase diagram where properties gradually change" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From the following two glaze formulas, determine the difference in their melting temperatures. Glaze formula 1: 0.2K2O 0.2Na2O 0.4CaO 0.2PbO 0.3Al2O3 2.1SiO2; Glaze formula 2: 0.2K2O 0.2MgO 0.6CaO 1.1Al2O3 10.0SiO2", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The melting temperature of glaze formula 1 > the melting temperature of glaze formula 2", + "The melting temperature of glaze formula 1 < the melting temperature of glaze formula 2", + "Both glazes have identical melting temperatures due to similar alkali content", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact heating rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following interfaces has the lowest interfacial energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Semi-coherent interface between a metal and a ceramic with 5% lattice mismatch", + "Coherent interface between two single-crystal metals with identical lattice parameters", + "Perfectly bonded amorphous-crystalline interface with no structural defects", + "Low-angle grain boundary (θ < 15°) in a pure metal with edge dislocations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of quartz (SiO2) is 2.65 Mg/m3. How many silicon atoms are there in 1 m3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.65×10^28 silicon atoms/m3", + "5.29×10^28 silicon atoms/m3", + "1.06×10^29 silicon atoms/m3", + "3.98×10^28 silicon atoms/m3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymer materials, what is the bond between molecules (secondary bond)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hydrogen bond", + "Covalent bond", + "Van der Waals forces", + "Ionic bond" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 20°C and holding, which of the following indicates its phases and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "M (w_C=0.8% in M)", + "M+B (w_C=0.8% in M, B)", + "M+P (w_C=0.77% in M, P)", + "M+A′ (w_C=0.77% in M, A′)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a rough interface have on the crystal growth morphology?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isotropic spherical growth morphology", + "Dendritic growth regardless of temperature gradient direction", + "Spiral growth due to screw dislocations at the interface", + "Planar growth under positive temperature gradient, dendritic growth under negative gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fraction recrystallized-time data for the recrystallization at 600°C of a previously deformed steel are tabulated here. Assuming that the kinetics of this process obey the Avrami relationship, the fraction recrystallized after a total time of 22.8 min is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.65", + "0.51", + "0.42", + "0.58" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 94 % pearlite and 6 % primary cementite at room temperature. Estimate the carbon content of the steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.124 % C", + "0.94 % C", + "0.77 % C", + "1.06 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When cold-drawn copper wire is used as lamp filament wire (requiring good toughness), what final heat treatment process should be adopted?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening treatment", + "Stress relief annealing (low-temperature annealing)", + "Solution treatment followed by quenching", + "Recrystallization annealing (high-temperature annealing)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The three mechanical states of linear amorphous polymers are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Linear regime; Nonlinear regime; Fracture regime", + "Crystalline state; Semi-crystalline state; Amorphous state", + "Elastic deformation; Plastic deformation; Viscoelastic deformation", + "Glassy state; High elastic state; Viscous flow state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a unit parallelepiped?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In a space lattice, the parallelepiped selected according to the selection principle is called the unit parallelepiped", + "A parallelepiped with edge lengths equal to the lattice parameters in all three dimensions", + "The smallest repeating unit that can generate the entire crystal structure through translation", + "A parallelepiped containing exactly one lattice point when centered on that point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6x10^-15 cm^2/s at 727C and is 1x10^-9 cm^2/s at 1400C. The activation energy q is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "72,100 cal/mol", + "48,500 cal/mol", + "59,230 cal/mol", + "63,800 cal/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interface energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=418 J/cm^3 at 1000°C, the energy required for the phase transition is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.36×10^-17 J", + "5.97×10^-18 J", + "2.09×10^-16 J", + "1.19×10^-17 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Na+ ion has an electron structure that is identical to which inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fluorine", + "argon", + "helium", + "neon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component is fabricated from an alloy that has a plane-strain fracture toughness of 62 MPa √m. It has been determined that this component fails at a stress of 250 MPa when the maximum length of a surface crack is 1.6 mm. What is the maximum allowable surface crack length (in mm) without fracture for this same component exposed to a stress of 250 MPa and made from another alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 51 MPa √m?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.96 mm", + "1.28 mm", + "1.08 mm", + "1.60 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are medium carbon (alloy) steels mostly used to manufacture gearbox gears for machine tools?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The specific heat capacity of medium carbon steels matches the thermal cycling requirements of machine tool gearboxes.", + "The lower carbon content prevents brittle fracture while maintaining sufficient hardness through alloying elements like chromium.", + "Medium carbon steels provide the optimal balance between thermal conductivity and wear resistance for gear applications.", + "Their working conditions are much better than those of automobiles, requiring certain toughness in the core and higher hardness on the surface." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the temperature increase needed for the diffusion rate of AI through Al2O3 to be 10 times that at 1000°C, given the activation energy Q is 477 kJ/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.6K", + "100K", + "477K", + "10K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The chemical behavior of S sometimes resembles that of a hexavalent element, while other times it resembles a tetravalent element. Which of the following explains the reason for this behavior of S?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sulfur exhibits d-orbital hybridization in certain compounds, enabling expansion of its valence shell beyond the octet rule", + "The outermost electron configuration of S allows variable electron sharing, exhibiting both hexavalent and tetravalent characteristics depending on the electronegativity of bonding partners", + "The atomic radius of S changes significantly when forming different compounds, altering its effective valence state", + "Sulfur's 3p orbitals can undergo sp³ hybridization, creating four equivalent orbitals that sometimes share all electrons and sometimes only two" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Extended dislocation的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The width of an extended dislocation is determined solely by the elastic modulus of the material", + "Extended dislocations occur when two perfect dislocations combine to form a single dislocation with double Burgers vector", + "Extended dislocations are formed by the interaction of edge and screw dislocations in FCC metals under high stress", + "A complete dislocation dissociates into two partial dislocations and the stacking fault between them, and this dislocation configuration is called an extended dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the atomic radius of a metal that has the body-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.181nm, what is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0382 nm^3", + "0.0271 nm^3", + "0.0123 nm^3", + "0.0486 nm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the total cost for carburizing 500 gears at 1000°C (1273K) for 3.299 hours, given the cost is 1500 yuan per hour?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4948.5 yuan", + "1500 yuan", + "3299 yuan", + "1273 yuan" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are some disadvantages of forming metals by extrusion as opposed to rolling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increased risk of hydrogen embrittlement during forming", + "Lower dimensional accuracy compared to rolling processes", + "Higher surface roughness due to die friction effects", + "Reduced formability for high-strength alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the characteristics of various alloy strengthening methods?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation pinning, phase transformation hardening, texture strengthening, and annealing softening", + "Grain boundary sliding, solid solution softening, precipitation hardening, and strain hardening", + "Twin boundary strengthening, vacancy hardening, order hardening, and recrystallization strengthening", + "Grain refinement strengthening, solid solution strengthening, multiphase strengthening, dispersion strengthening (age hardening), and work hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in the conduction mechanisms between intrinsic semiconductors and doped semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intrinsic semiconductors rely solely on thermal excitation for carrier generation, while doped semiconductors use both thermal and impurity ionization", + "Doped semiconductors have higher carrier mobility due to reduced lattice scattering compared to intrinsic semiconductors", + "Intrinsic semiconductors exhibit ambipolar conduction, whereas doped semiconductors show unipolar conduction dominated by majority carriers", + "The conduction mechanism is identical in both, with differences only in carrier concentration magnitudes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of a metal alloy 10 mm in diameter is stressed elastically in tension. A force of 15,000N produces a reduction in specimen diameter of 7 × 10^{-3} mm. Compute Poisson's ratio for this material if its elastic modulus is 100 GPa. The Poisson's ratio is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.367", + "0.275", + "0.420", + "0.183" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Al-Au be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements have FCC crystal structures", + "Yes, due to their similar electronegativity values", + "No, because their atomic radii differ by more than 15%", + "No, due to their large difference in valence electron concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does eutectic cementite have on the mechanical properties of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Enhances thermal conductivity without affecting mechanical properties", + "Improves both ductility and fatigue resistance", + "Decreases yield strength while increasing creep resistance", + "Increases hardness but reduces toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Most solid-phase reactions fall into:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical reaction kinetics range (due to strong covalent bonding in solids)", + "Diffusion kinetics range", + "Transition range (where both reaction and diffusion effects are comparable)", + "Surface-controlled kinetics range (due to limited active sites on solid surfaces)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Pb has a face-centered cubic structure with an atomic radius of 0.1750 nm. The volume of its unit cell is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1212 nm³", + "0.0848 nm³", + "0.1750 nm³", + "0.2165 nm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the conditions for the peptization of clay slurry is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exchange of original cations with monovalent alkali metal cations", + "Presence of divalent cations to enhance particle bridging", + "Maintaining pH below 4 to prevent colloidal stability", + "Addition of polyvalent anions to neutralize surface charges" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Mg-Cd be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only at high temperatures where entropy dominates", + "No, because Mg has significantly higher electronegativity than Cd", + "Yes, due to nearly identical atomic radii and crystal structures", + "No, due to their different positions in the periodic table" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) having a number-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol; linear polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 225,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both polymers have similar melting points as molecular weight differences compensate for structural effects", + "Syndiotactic PVC due to its higher molecular weight enhancing chain entanglement", + "Linear polyethylene due to its higher crystallinity from identical single-atom side groups", + "Syndiotactic PVC due to its stereoregular structure promoting better crystal packing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is dynamic undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The additional undercooling needed to overcome nucleation barrier in amorphous materials", + "The temperature difference between melting point and recalescence point during rapid solidification", + "The undercooling required to maintain crystal growth when interface kinetics dominate over diffusion", + "The transient undercooling caused by rapid heat extraction in laser processing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the three crystal structures of fcc, bcc, and hcp materials, the one most prone to forming twins during plastic deformation is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fcc (due to its high stacking fault energy promoting dislocation cross-slip)", + "bcc (because of its anisotropic elastic modulus facilitating shear deformation)", + "hcp (owing to its limited slip systems and low stacking fault energy)", + "All three structures show equal twinning propensity under equivalent strain conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a crosslinked copolymer consisting of 35 wt% ethylene and 65 wt% propylene, determine the fraction of both repeat unit types.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ethylene fraction: 0.35, Propylene fraction: 0.65", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.45, Propylene fraction: 0.55", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.28, Propylene fraction: 0.72", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.65, Propylene fraction: 0.35" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A copper single crystal is subjected to tension with the tensile axis along the [001] direction and σ=10^6 Pa. The force acting on a screw dislocation line with Burgers vector b=(a/2)[1̄01] on the (111) plane is: (Given a_Cu=0.36 nm)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.08×10^(-4) N/m", + "1.04×10^(-4) N/m", + "5.20×10^(-5) N/m", + "7.35×10^(-5) N/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold working, the dislocation density of $\\mathbf{A}\\mathbf{g}$ is $10^{12}/\\mathfrak{c m}^{2}$. Assuming that the recrystallization nucleus moves from a high-angle grain boundary into the deformed matrix, the minimum radius of curvature for the bulging grain boundary is: ($\\mathbf{A}\\mathbf{g}_{:}G=30\\mathrm{GPa},b=0.3\\mathrm{nm},\\gamma=0.4\\mathrm{J}/\\mathrm{m}^{2}$)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "29 nm", + "58 nm", + "14.5 nm", + "43.5 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Relative to electrons and electron states, what does the ms quantum number specify?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The spin moment on each electron", + "The principal energy level of the electron", + "The orbital angular momentum of the electron", + "The magnetic quantum number projection" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of nucleation rates between intragranular coherent disc-shaped nucleation and grain boundary incoherent double spherical cap-shaped nucleation, given the grain diameter Π=10^-3 m, temperature T=1000 K, and Boltzmann constant k=1.38×10^-23 J/K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.15×10^23", + "4.89×10^-12", + "2.27×10^-49", + "3.72×10^-31" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that pure titanium at 900°C is β-Ti (bcc structure) with a lattice constant a=0.3307nm, what is the (001) interplanar spacing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2867nm", + "0.3307nm", + "0.2339nm", + "0.1653nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical crystal structure types of metals are fcc, bcc, and hcp, with coordination numbers of (1), (2), and (3) respectively. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) 12; (2) 8; (3) 12", + "(1) 12; (2) 12; (3) 12", + "(1) 8; (2) 8; (3) 12", + "(1) 12; (2) 8; (3) 8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electron configuration (1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{7} 4 s^{2}) corresponds to which of the following categories?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transition metal (Co)", + "Alkaline earth metal (Ca)", + "Rare earth element (Nd)", + "Post-transition metal (Ga)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'solid solution'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A composite material formed by mechanical mixing of two or more solid phases, each retaining their original crystal structure.", + "A homogeneous mixture where the solute atoms randomly substitute for solvent atoms in the crystal lattice, but the lattice type may change depending on composition.", + "The atoms of the solute and the solvent occupy a common Bravais lattice, and this lattice type is the same as that of the solvent; the content of the components can vary within a certain range without causing a change in the lattice type.", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid quenching that maintains solute atoms in supersaturated solid solution regardless of equilibrium solubility limits." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the slip mechanism in the analysis of the mechanisms and manifestations of plastic deformation in materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip is the relative movement of a crystal along the slip direction on the slip plane under the action of shear stress", + "Slip is the permanent displacement of atomic planes due to tensile stress exceeding the yield strength", + "Slip occurs when dislocations move parallel to the Burgers vector under compressive stress", + "Slip is the cooperative rotation of crystal domains to relieve shear strain energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is dislocation intersection?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The elastic interaction between parallel dislocations leading to mutual repulsion", + "The point where two dislocations on the same slip plane combine to form a superdislocation", + "The phenomenon where dislocations moving on different slip planes meet and cut through each other during motion", + "The formation of dislocation loops when intersecting stacking faults meet" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Sintering的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Liquid phase sintering always results in higher density than solid state sintering due to enhanced capillary forces", + "Sintering requires the powder mixture to reach its eutectic temperature for effective bonding", + "The driving force for sintering is primarily the reduction of surface energy through particle coarsening", + "Sintering involves atomic diffusion leading to neck formation between particles without reaching the melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "High elastic alloys have:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Low stacking fault energy and high Peierls stress", + "High stacking fault energy and low Peierls stress", + "High stacking fault energy and high Peierls stress", + "Low stacking fault energy and low Peierls stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a rough interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It is any phase boundary that shows topological defects exceeding 10nm in height variation.", + "It is a solid-solid interface with irregular atomic arrangement caused by plastic deformation during mechanical processing.", + "It is a liquid-vapor interface exhibiting surface roughness due to thermal fluctuations and capillary waves.", + "It is a solid-liquid interface where the atomic arrangement on the solid-phase surface is uneven and rough, displaying no crystallographic plane characteristics." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Zinc has five naturally occurring isotopes: 48.63% of { }^{64} Zn with an atomic weight of 63.929 amu; 27.90% of { }^{66} Zn with an atomic weight of 65.926 amu^{\text {; }} 4.10% of { }^{67} Zn with an atomic weight of 66.927 amu ; 18.75% of { }^{68} Zn with an atomic weight of 67.925 amu ; and 0.62% of { }^{70} Zn with an atomic weight of 69.925 amu. What is the average atomic weight of Zn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64.927 amu", + "65.400 amu", + "66.123 amu", + "67.925 amu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cross-slip mechanism enabling dislocations to bypass obstacles in FCC metals", + "The motion of screw dislocations parallel to their Burgers vector at high temperatures", + "The movement of an edge dislocation perpendicular to the slip plane via vacancy diffusion", + "The collective glide of multiple dislocations under applied shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A common polymer has C2H2Cl2 as its monomer, with an average molecular weight of 60000u (using the relative atomic masses of the elements as Ar(C)=12, Ar(H)=1, Ar(Cl)=35.5). What is its degree of polymerization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "580", + "600", + "650", + "620" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given carburization for 10 hours at 927°C, calculate the time t2 required to achieve the same carburization thickness at 870°C. Known values: D1=15.99×10^-12 m²/s, D2=7.94×10^-12 m²/s.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "40.28 h", + "10.07 h", + "20.14 h", + "5.04 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the Tm of Cu is 1083°C, what is the estimated minimum recrystallization temperature of Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "198°C (based on cold-worked Cu conductivity data)", + "541.5°C (0.5×Tm in Kelvin)", + "325°C (common annealing temp for Cu alloys)", + "269.4°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fundamental reason for diffusion to occur in materials is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The driving force is always proportional to the square root of temperature", + "It occurs primarily due to vacancy concentration differences", + "The process is fundamentally governed by the second law of thermodynamics", + "Atomic vibrations create spontaneous directional movement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by C in α-Fe and γ-Fe, their locations, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: C: 0.077 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "C forms interstitial solid solutions in both α-Fe and γ-Fe, but the solubility is higher in α-Fe (BCC structure) because it has more tetrahedral interstitial sites than γ-Fe (FCC structure).", + "In both α-Fe and γ-Fe, C forms substitutional solid solutions due to the relatively small size difference between C and Fe atoms. The solubility is higher in γ-Fe because of its more open FCC structure.", + "In α-Fe, C forms an interstitial solid solution, with the maximum solubility (mole fraction) reaching 0.0218×10^-2 at 727°C and decreasing to 0.006×10^-2 at room temperature. The location of C in α-Fe is mostly at the octahedral interstitial centers. In γ-Fe, C forms an interstitial solid solution located at the octahedral interstitial centers, with the maximum solubility (mass fraction) being 2.11×10^-2.", + "The solubility of C in γ-Fe is higher than in α-Fe because C atoms preferentially occupy the larger tetrahedral interstitial sites in γ-Fe's FCC structure, while in α-Fe's BCC structure they are restricted to smaller octahedral sites." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the process of solid-state phase transformation, assuming the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}$ and growth rate $G$ are constants, the volume fraction of the new phase formed after time $t$ can be obtained using the Johnson-Mehl equation, i.e., $$ \\begin{array}{r}{\\varphi=1-\\exp\\left(-\\frac{\\pi}{3}\\dot{N}G^{3}t^{4}\\right)}\\end{array}$$ Given the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}=1~000/(\\mathrm{cm}^{3}\\bullet\\mathrm{s}),G=3\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{cm/s},$ calculate the time at which the phase transformation rate is the fastest.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "201 s", + "403 s", + "806 s", + "1.21 × 10^3 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Deposit a layer of boron film on the surface of a silicon crystal, then maintain the temperature at $1~200^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ to allow boron to diffuse into the silicon crystal. Given the concentration distribution curve as $$ c(x,t)=\\frac{M}{2\\sqrt{\\pi D t}}\\mathrm{exp}\\left(-\\frac{x^{2}}{4D t}\\right) $$ where $M{=}5\\times10^{10}\\mathrm{mol}/\\mathrm{m}^{2}$ and $D{=}4\\times10^{-9}\\mathrm{m}^{2}/\\mathrm{s}$, calculate the time required for the boron concentration to reach $1.7\\times10^{10}\\mathrm{mol}/\\mathrm{m}^{3}$ at a distance of $8\\mu\\mathrm{m}$ from the surface. The time required is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.8×10⁻⁴ s", + "1.4×10⁻⁴ s", + "5.6×10⁻⁴ s", + "8.0×10⁻⁴ s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the three common crystal structures of metals, which structure cannot serve as a space lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Body-centered cubic structure", + "Face-centered cubic structure", + "Hexagonal close-packed structure", + "All three can serve as space lattices" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a partial dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is not an integer multiple of the lattice vector", + "It involves only edge dislocations without screw components", + "The dislocation line terminates inside the crystal lattice", + "It occurs exclusively in FCC metals with stacking faults" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When designing plastic parts, compared to metals, which of the following are limiting factors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Low creep resistance at room temperature due to viscoelastic behavior", + "Higher Poisson's ratio leading to excessive lateral deformation", + "Lower fracture toughness compared to ceramic materials", + "Anisotropic thermal conductivity affecting heat dissipation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 20,000 N will cause a 1 cm × 1 cm bar of magnesium to stretch from 10 cm to 10.045 cm. The modulus of elasticity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "44.4 GPa", + "88.8 GPa", + "22.2 GPa", + "66.6 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If tension is applied along the [2 3] direction of an aluminum single crystal, which of the following is the double slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[1 0]－(111)[0 1]", + "(111)[0 1]－( 1)[101]", + "(110)[1 1]－(101)[1 1]", + "(111)[1 0]－( 1)[0 1]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A factory was conducting solution treatment on the jaw plates of a crusher made of high manganese steel. After heating at 1100°C, the plates were suspended with cold-drawn steel wires and transported by a crane to the quenching water tank. During transportation, the steel wire suddenly broke. This wire was new and had no defects. What is the cause of the steel wire fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Creep deformation occurred in the wire under constant load at elevated temperature", + "The wire's yield strength decreased below the load stress due to dynamic recrystallization during heating", + "Thermal expansion mismatch between the wire and jaw plate caused excessive stress", + "The high manganese steel's phase transformation induced shock waves that fractured the wire" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between recrystallization and solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization involves nucleation and growth of new grains with reduced dislocation density, while phase transformation requires overcoming an activation energy barrier for atomic rearrangement", + "Both processes result in new crystal structures, but recrystallization is driven by temperature while phase transformation is driven by pressure", + "Recrystallization only occurs in single-phase materials, whereas phase transformation requires multiphase systems", + "The key difference is that recrystallization preserves the original crystal structure while phase transformation changes it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some hypothetical metal, the equilibrium number of vacancies at 900^{\\circ} C is 2.3 × 10^{25} m^{-3}. If the density and atomic weight of this metal are 7.40g / {cm}^{3} and 85.5g / mol, respectively, the fraction of vacancies for this metal at 900^{\\circ} C is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.3 × 10^{-25}", + "4.41 × 10^{-4}", + "1.8 × 10^{-3}", + "6.02 × 10^{23}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a rough interface have on the crystal growth mode?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "step flow mechanism initiates", + "layer-by-layer growth dominates", + "continuous growth occurs", + "two-dimensional nucleation increases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the nucleation rate during the crystallization of actual metals as undercooling increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increases, but due to the limited undercooling capacity of metals, it does not exceed a certain maximum value", + "increases exponentially without limit as undercooling increases", + "first increases then decreases, forming a bell-shaped curve with undercooling", + "remains constant until reaching a critical undercooling point, then drops sharply" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of intrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intrinsic diffusion is primarily governed by grain boundary effects and becomes significant at temperatures below 0.5Tm.", + "The activation energy of intrinsic diffusion consists of two parts: vacancy formation energy and particle migration energy, and intrinsic diffusion dominates at high temperatures.", + "The diffusion coefficient for intrinsic diffusion follows an inverse temperature dependence due to lattice vibration effects.", + "Intrinsic diffusion occurs only in ionic materials where charge neutrality must be maintained during defect migration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a mixed dislocation line, what is the relationship between the direction of its slip motion and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel to both Burgers vector and dislocation line", + "Perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "At 45° to both edge and screw components", + "Coincides with the direction of maximum resolved shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions is activation polarization rate controlling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the electrolyte concentration is below 0.1M and the current density is high", + "When the diffusion rate is significantly slower than the charge transfer rate", + "Under high temperature conditions where thermal activation dominates", + "When the reaction rate is low and/or the concentration of active species in the liquid solution is high" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fraction of lattice sites that are Schottky defects for cesium chloride at its melting temperature (645°C), given an energy for defect formation of 1.86 eV?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.94 × 10^{-6}", + "7.87 × 10^{-6}", + "1.57 × 10^{-5}", + "4.72 × 10^{-6}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of Martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exhibits time-dependent transformation kinetics", + "Requires long-range diffusion of atoms", + "Presence of habit plane", + "Always results in increased ductility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the energy of attraction between a cation with a valence of +2 and an anion with a valence of -2, the centers of which are separated by a distance of 3.7nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-2.5 × 10^{-19} J", + "-6.2 × 10^{-20} J", + "-1.0 × 10^{-18} J", + "-3.7 × 10^{-19} J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Visible light having a wavelength of 5 x 10^-7 m appears green. What is the energy of a photon of this light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.98 x 10^-19 J (2.48 eV)", + "1.24 x 10^-19 J (0.77 eV)", + "6.63 x 10^-19 J (4.14 eV)", + "9.94 x 10^-19 J (6.20 eV)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for beryllium oxide (BeO) having 5 vol% porosity is 310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi). What is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "295 GPa (42.8 x 10^6 psi)", + "310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi)", + "326 GPa (47.3 x 10^6 psi)", + "342 GPa (49.6 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A certain powder compact has an average particle size of 2μm. After sintering to the highest temperature and holding for 0.5h, the measured grain size is 10μm. If the holding time is extended to 2h, what will the grain size be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.1μm (assuming n=3 grain growth kinetics)", + "20μm (using D²=kt relationship)", + "40μm (linear extrapolation of grain size with time)", + "5.7μm (inverse time dependence for abnormal grain growth)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly indicates the variation pattern of plasticity in clay lumps after adsorbing the different cations (use arrows to denote: small—large) H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following characteristics are displayed by soft magnetic materials in terms of magnetization and demagnetization fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Show significant hysteresis loss during cyclic magnetization processes", + "Exhibit strong magnetic anisotropy requiring precise crystallographic alignment", + "Magnetization and demagnetization may be achieved using relatively low applied fields", + "Require high coercivity fields to reverse magnetization direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are characteristics of covalent bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "directionality and saturation, and the bonding force is also very strong", + "non-directionality and high electrical conductivity", + "saturation only, with variable bond strength", + "directionality only, with weak bonding forces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature difference between the actual crystallization temperature and the theoretical melting temperature (ΔT=Tm−Tn), providing the driving force for solidification", + "The maximum possible cooling rate before nucleation occurs, as described by the TTT diagram", + "The temperature at which a liquid becomes metastable below its equilibrium freezing point, measured by DSC", + "The critical temperature gradient required to maintain planar solidification front stability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 0.85 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "About 600°C (1112°F)", + "About 727°C (1340°F)", + "About 912°C (1674°F)", + "About 777°C (1430°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When designing fiber composites, for a matrix with good plasticity, how can the coefficient of expansion of carbon fiber be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slightly lower", + "Very different", + "Slightly higher", + "The same" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold (Au) at 900°C, given the energy for vacancy formation is 0.98 eV/atom, the density is 18.63 g/cm³, and the atomic weight is 196.9 g/mol. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.21 × 10^{22} m^{-3} (using Boltzmann constant in J/mol·K instead of eV/K)", + "3.52 × 10^{24} m^{-3}", + "1.84 × 10^{25} m^{-3} (neglecting temperature conversion from °C to K)", + "5.63 × 10^{23} m^{-3} (using room temperature density instead of 900°C value)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic characteristics of silicate structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All oxygen atoms in silicate structures must be shared between two tetrahedra, resulting in exclusively 3D network structures", + "Silicate structures are primarily based on [SiO6] octahedra with edge-sharing configurations, leading to linear Si-O-Si bonds", + "The fundamental structural unit is the [SiO4] tetrahedron with silicon at the center, oxygen sharing between tetrahedra is limited to two, and Si-O-Si bonds exhibit bent geometry", + "Silicon atoms occupy the vertices of oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen shared by exactly three [SiO4] units" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main influencing factors of constitutional supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "partition coefficient k0, diffusion coefficient D, growth rate R, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity", + "cooling rate, solute concentration, elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient, and thermal expansion coefficient", + "melt cooling rate, impurity concentration C0, partition coefficient k0, diffusion coefficient D, growth rate R, and temperature gradient", + "impurity concentration C0, growth rate R, temperature gradient, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "108.14 g/mol", + "104.14 g/mol", + "100.00 g/mol", + "96.00 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to produce malleable cast iron in pieces having large cross-sectional dimensions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because malleable iron inherently has poor mechanical properties in large dimensions", + "Yes, by using specialized alloying elements that promote graphite formation throughout the cross-section", + "Yes, if the heat treatment time is extended proportionally to the section thickness", + "No, because the required rapid cooling rate for white iron formation cannot be achieved in thick sections" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When an embryo appears in an undercooled liquid, what can the total free energy change ΔG be written as?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ΔG=VΔGV+σS", + "ΔG=ΔH-TΔS", + "ΔG=4/3πr³ΔGV+4πr²σ", + "ΔG=ΔGV+σ" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the concentration of a solid solution affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lower the concentration, the easier the diffusion due to reduced lattice distortion", + "The higher the concentration, the easier the diffusion due to increased vacancy concentration", + "Diffusion coefficient is independent of concentration in solid solutions", + "The relationship follows an inverse square root dependence on concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In fiber composite materials, how should the diameter of carbon fibers be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Optimized for maximum fiber-matrix interface area", + "Large (50-100 μm)", + "Variable depending on matrix stiffness", + "Small (5-10 μm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is deformation texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "As the amount of plastic deformation increases, the phenomenon where a certain crystallographic orientation of different grains in a polycrystal tends to become consistent", + "The change in macroscopic texture caused by elastic deformation of crystalline materials under stress", + "The alignment of grain boundaries parallel to the deformation direction during plastic flow", + "The statistical distribution of grain sizes that develops during severe plastic deformation processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does Cv rise with increasing temperature at temperatures near 0 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The increasing thermal energy allows excitation of higher frequency phonon modes that were previously frozen out", + "The lattice vibrations begin to overcome the Debye temperature limit at these low temperatures", + "The electronic contribution to heat capacity becomes dominant as temperature approaches 0 K", + "The anharmonicity of atomic vibrations increases significantly near absolute zero" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For screw dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45-degree angle", + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "stress direction determines Burgers vector direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does secondary cementite have on the mechanical properties of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases hardness but reduces toughness; discontinuous granular form enhances strength, while continuous network form reduces strength", + "Uniformly increases all mechanical properties due to precipitation hardening effect", + "Decreases hardness but improves ductility by preventing dislocation movement", + "Has negligible effect as it only forms at grain boundaries without altering bulk properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is fine pearlite harder and stronger than coarse pearlite, which in turn is harder and stronger than spheroidite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fine pearlite has higher cementite content which directly increases hardness through solid solution strengthening", + "The increased phase boundary area in fine pearlite more effectively impedes dislocation motion compared to coarse pearlite", + "The smaller interlamellar spacing in fine pearlite increases the elastic modulus of the material", + "Spheroidite's lower strength is due to reduced carbon solubility in ferrite compared to pearlitic structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a smooth interface have on the crystal growth morphology?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spiral growth dominates due to screw dislocations, regardless of temperature gradient", + "Planar growth occurs under positive temperature gradient, while faceted dendrites form under negative gradient", + "Random dendritic growth occurs in all conditions due to interface instability", + "Isotropic spherical growth results from minimized surface energy at smooth interfaces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The index of refraction of corundum (Al₂O₃) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. The reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.757 and 1.779 in the direction of light propagation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.56 × 10^{-2}", + "1.23 × 10^{-4}", + "2.45 × 10^{-3}", + "3.87 × 10^{-5}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the bonding characteristics of metallic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic materials: Feature a unique hybrid of covalent and van der Waals bonds, explaining their exceptional optical properties", + "Metallic materials: Dominated by ionic bonds with covalent character, leading to high electrical conductivity but low thermal stability", + "Metallic materials: Primarily bonded by metallic bonds, most metals exhibit high strength and hardness, along with good plasticity", + "Metallic materials: Primarily held together by directional covalent bonds, resulting in anisotropic mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a space group?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The group of crystallographic point operations that leave at least one point fixed in a crystal lattice", + "A symmetry group formed by the combination of all symmetry elements (including microscopic symmetry elements) in a crystal structure", + "The mathematical description of atomic arrangements in amorphous materials", + "A set of symmetry operations that describe the external morphology of crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On what classes of alloys is a spheroidizing heat treatment normally used?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Medium- and high-carbon steels", + "Austenitic stainless steels", + "Aluminum-copper alloys", + "Titanium alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As an economic measure, using pure lead instead of lead-tin alloy to make solder for brazing iron, how does the melting point of pure lead compare to that of lead-tin alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The melting point remains unchanged because both are lead-based systems", + "The melting point of pure lead is higher than that of Sn-Pb alloy due to the eutectic effect", + "The melting point decreases due to elimination of tin's higher melting point influence", + "The melting point becomes range-bound rather than a single value" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For edge dislocations, which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of the dislocation line direction, Burgers vector, and dislocation motion direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector and perpendicular to the direction of motion", + "The dislocation line is perpendicular to both the Burgers vector and the direction of motion", + "The dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector and parallel to the direction of motion", + "All three vectors (dislocation line, Burgers vector, motion direction) are mutually perpendicular" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Gold (Au) forms a substitutional solid solution with silver (Ag). What weight percent of gold must be added to silver to yield an alloy that contains 5.5 × 10^{21} Au atoms per cubic centimeter, given the densities of pure Au and Ag are 19.32 and 10.49 g/cm³, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "23.4 wt%", + "15.9 wt%", + "10.2 wt%", + "18.7 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes heterogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nucleation occurring at preferential sites with lower activation energy than homogeneous nucleation", + "Random formation of nuclei in a perfectly pure melt without any interfaces", + "Phase transformation initiated by external pressure rather than thermal fluctuations", + "Simultaneous nucleation at multiple identical sites with equal probability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes non-equilibrium crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A process where crystallization occurs isothermally with infinite diffusion time", + "Crystallization that strictly follows equilibrium phase diagrams with complete solute redistribution", + "Crystallization occurring under conditions where diffusion cannot keep pace with solidification rates, leading to solute trapping", + "Crystallization that only occurs in amorphous materials through homogeneous nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of the space lattice in the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lattice parameters of the cubic crystal system are a=b=c, α=β=γ=90°", + "The lattice parameters satisfy a≠b≠c with α=β=γ=90°", + "The lattice parameters satisfy a=b≠c with α=β=90°, γ=120°", + "The lattice parameters satisfy a=b=c with α=β=γ≠90°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes solid solution strengthening and provides examples?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In solid solution strengthening, the key mechanism is the reduction of grain boundary mobility through solute segregation, analogous to the Zener pinning effect observed in second-phase particles.", + "Solid solution strengthening is primarily caused by the formation of coherent precipitates that impede dislocation motion, as seen in age-hardened aluminum alloys like Al-Cu systems.", + "The effectiveness of solid solution strengthening depends mainly on the difference in electronegativity between solute and solvent atoms, with larger differences creating stronger electrostatic barriers to dislocation glide.", + "Solid solution strengthening occurs when alloying atoms dissolved in the lattice interstices or lattice points, due to their different sizes compared to the matrix atoms, create stress fields that hinder dislocation movement. Examples include Cottrell atmospheres and Suzuki atmospheres." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于正常偏析（normal segregation）在铸锭宏观偏析（macro-segregation）中的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Normal segregation occurs when the initially solidified portion has lower solute content and the later solidified portion has higher solute content, following the alloy's distribution coefficient (k0<1), leading to macroscopic composition variations from surface to center.", + "Normal segregation is caused by rapid cooling rates that prevent solute diffusion, resulting in uniform solute distribution throughout the ingot cross-section.", + "Normal segregation refers to the preferential segregation of impurities to grain boundaries during solidification, creating microscopic composition variations.", + "Normal segregation occurs when the solute content is higher in the initially solidified portion due to inverse distribution coefficient (k0>1), creating a reversed composition gradient." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a glass fiber reinforced nylon composite, the volume fraction of E-glass fiber is 0.3. The elastic moduli of E-glass and nylon are 72.4 GPa and 2.76 GPa, respectively. What is the fraction of the load borne by the fibers in the composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.72", + "0.96", + "0.30", + "0.48" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that the kinetics of recrystallization for some alloy obeys the Avrami equation, and that the value of n in the exponential is 5.0. If, at some temperature, the fraction recrystallized is 0.30 after 100 min, what is the rate of recrystallization at this temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.42 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}", + "1.20 × 10^{-2} min^{-1}", + "8.76 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}", + "3.67 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute the number of electrons that each aluminum atom donates, on average, to a bulk piece of aluminum metal. Room temperature data for aluminum: The resistivity of aluminum is 2.63 × 10^{-8} Ω·m, the electron mobility of aluminum is 0.0012 m²/(V·s), the mass density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm³, and the atomic weight of aluminum is 27 g/mol. The number of electrons donated per aluminum atom is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.00 electron/atom", + "3.29 electron/atom", + "2.65 electron/atom", + "3.00 electron/atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the rules of ionic compound formation, when all octahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valence cations should be inserted in the interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 1:1, such as NaCl", + "The cation valence should be twice the anion valence, such as CaF2", + "The cation valence should equal the coordination number, such as ZnS", + "The cation valence should balance the total anionic charge, such as Al2O3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the forms of alloying elements in steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dissolved in matrix phases, forming strengthening precipitates, existing as free elements, and forming non-metallic inclusions", + "Only dissolved in austenite and forming carbides, with no free state possible", + "Exclusively forming intermetallic compounds and never dissolving in the matrix", + "Always forming solid solutions with iron and never creating inclusions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6x10^-15 cm^2/s at 727C and is 1x10^-9 cm^2/s at 1400C. What is the constant d0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.055 cm^2/s", + "1.2x10^-12 cm^2/s", + "6.7x10^-3 cm^2/s", + "2.4x10^-5 cm^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does K[AlSi3O8] belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chain", + "Sheet", + "Framework", + "Isolated tetrahedra" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many space groups can appear in crystal structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14", + "32", + "230", + "17" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical specimen of some hypothetical metal alloy that has a diameter of 10.0 mm(0.39 in.). A tensile force of 1500N(340 lb) produces an elastic reduction in diameter of 6.7 × 10^{-4} mm(2.64 × 10^{-5} in.). Compute the elastic modulus of this alloy, given that Poisson's ratio is 0.35. The elastic modulus is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "100 GPa", + "70 GPa (using shear modulus formula with Poisson's ratio)", + "210 GPa (assuming steel-like behavior without calculation)", + "150 GPa (incorrectly using diameter change as strain)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Barium titanate is an important ferroelectric ceramic, and its crystal type is perovskite structure. What lattice does it belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cubic", + "Tetragonal", + "Orthorhombic", + "Rhombohedral" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines resistive material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Semiconductor materials with precisely controlled doping levels", + "Materials exhibiting high elastic modulus but low electrical conductivity", + "Materials used in physical components that serve a resistive function in circuits", + "Materials showing negative temperature coefficient of resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect on crystal stability after forming a solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Creates localized stress fields that always reduce melting temperature", + "Increases lattice entropy leading to spontaneous amorphization", + "Stabilizes the crystal lattice and prevents certain polymorphic transitions", + "Induces systematic vacancy ordering that destabilizes the structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the size of defects relative to the crystal dimensions and their range of influence, into which categories can defects be classified?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Point defects, line defects, surface defects, and bulk defects", + "Atomic defects, linear defects, planar defects, and volumetric defects", + "Vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates", + "Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of a crystal with NaCl-type structure is 3.55g/cm³, what should its Burgers vector be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<110>/2", + "<100>/2", + "<111>/3", + "<110>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum mass fraction of proeutectoid cementite possible for a hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.067", + "0.021", + "0.232", + "0.117" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate density of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy that has a composition of 90 wt% Ti, 6 wt% Al, and 4 wt% V?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.52 g/cm³", + "4.38 g/cm³", + "3.95 g/cm³", + "4.78 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines the term 'compound' as it pertains to semiconducting materials and provides an example?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A crystalline structure formed by ionic bonding between group III and V elements (e.g., InSb)", + "A mixture of metallic and non-metallic elements that displays variable conductivity (e.g., Cu-doped SiO2)", + "Any material with a bandgap between 1-3 eV, regardless of elemental composition (e.g., amorphous Si)", + "A chemical combination of two or more elements with a fixed stoichiometric ratio, exhibiting semiconducting properties (e.g., GaAs)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bending test was performed on an aluminum oxide specimen with a circular cross section of radius 5.0 mm (0.20 in.), which fractured at a load of 3000 N (675 lb f) when the distance between the support points was 40 mm (1.6 in.). Another test is to be performed on a specimen of the same material with a square cross section of 15 mm (0.6 in.) length on each edge. If the support point separation is maintained at 40 mm (1.6 in.), at what load would you expect this specimen to fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "17,200 N (3870 lb f)", + "9,550 N (2150 lb f)", + "4,320 N (970 lb f)", + "22,500 N (5060 lb f)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an intermetallic compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A solid solution where metal atoms are randomly distributed in the crystal lattice", + "A compound formed between metals with a fixed stoichiometric ratio and distinct crystal structure", + "A mixture of two metals that retains the individual properties of each component", + "A metallic alloy with continuously variable composition range" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If copper (which has a melting point of 1085°C) homogeneously nucleates at 849°C, what is the critical radius given values of -1.77 × 10^9 J/m^3 and 0.200 J/m^2, respectively, for the latent heat of fusion and the surface free energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.15 nm", + "1.30 nm", + "0.85 nm", + "1.77 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the relationship d²=kt and k=17.6μm²/min, what is the grain diameter d after annealing for 90 minutes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "31.7μm", + "35.6μm", + "42.1μm", + "39.8μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An alternating copolymer is known to have a number-average molecular weight of 100,000g / mol and a degree of polymerization of 2210 . If one of the repeat units is ethylene, which of the following is the other repeat unit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "styrene", + "propylene", + "tetrafluoroethylene", + "vinyl chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the stacking fault energy Y=0.01 J/m², shear modulus G=7 × 10^10 Pa, lattice constant α=0.3 nm, Poisson's ratio v=0.3 for an fcc crystal, the equilibrium separation distance between the two partial dislocations $\\frac{a}{6}[11\\vec{2}]$ and $\\frac{a}{6}[2\\overline{{{1}}}\\overline{{{1}}}]$ is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.3926×10⁻⁹ m", + "2.7852×10⁻⁹ m", + "6.963×10⁻¹⁰ m", + "3.4815×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the direction of diffusion flow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Along the direction of decreasing free energy at constant temperature", + "From regions of low concentration to high concentration when temperature gradient exists", + "From regions of high chemical potential to low chemical potential", + "Opposite to the direction of increasing entropy in closed systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the defect reaction equation for the formation of Frenkel defects (Ag entering interstitial sites) in AgI?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "AgAg + Ii ↔ VAg + AgI", + "AgAg ↔ VAg + Ii", + "AgAg ↔ VAg + Agi", + "AgAg + VI ↔ Agi + II" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The solubility limit of carbon in ferrite at room temperature", + "The carbon content where cementite first appears during slow cooling of eutectoid steel", + "The maximum solubility limit of carbon in austenite at the eutectoid temperature", + "The carbon content where pearlite formation begins during continuous cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "450°C (842°F)", + "300°C (572°F)", + "600°C (1112°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the commonly referred terms 'ordinary steel', 'quality steel', and 'high-quality steel'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It's classified by alloying elements: Ordinary steel (no alloys), Quality steel (1-3% alloy content), High-quality steel (>3% alloy content)", + "It depends on carbon content: Ordinary steel (C≤0.25%), Quality steel (0.25%0.6%)", + "It's determined by yield strength: Ordinary steel (σs≤235MPa), Quality steel (235MPa<σs≤355MPa), High-quality steel (σs>355MPa)", + "It mainly refers to the difference in the mass fraction of phosphorus and sulfur: Ordinary steel (P≤0.045%, S≤0.05%), Quality steel (P≤0.035%, S≤0.035%), High-quality steel (P≤0.025%, S≤0.025%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The carbon content of Fe3CI, Fe3CII, Fe3CIII is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.69%", + "3.35%", + "4.45%", + "2.23%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of thermoplastic polymer materials from the perspective of polymer chain structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastic polymers exhibit crosslinked network structures that prevent chain slippage, resulting in permanent shape retention upon cooling", + "Thermoplastic polymers have linear and branched polymer chain structures, which soften upon heating and can be repeatedly processed and reshaped", + "Thermoplastic polymers contain ionic bonds between chains that break at elevated temperatures, allowing for reversible processing", + "Thermoplastic polymers possess crystalline domains connected by covalent bonds that melt completely at processing temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the drift velocity of electrons in germanium at room temperature when the magnitude of the electric field is 1000 V/m?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "480 m/s", + "1900 m/s", + "760 m/s", + "380 m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the density of fully crystalline polyethylene (PE) is 1.01 g/cm³ and that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the size of the 'free space' in LDPE?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.105 cm³/g", + "0.089 cm³/g", + "0.097 cm³/g", + "0.081 cm³/g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the coordination number of the cation in the compound Cr2O3, given r(Cr3+)=0.064nm, r(O2-)=0.132nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 (tetrahedral coordination)", + "6 (octahedral coordination)", + "8 (cubic coordination)", + "12 (close-packed coordination)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], indicate the direction of dislocation line movement during slip in the cases of pure edge dislocation and pure screw dislocation. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In the case of pure edge dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b; in the case of pure screw dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b", + "In both cases, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b", + "In the case of pure edge dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b; in the case of pure screw dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b", + "In both cases, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A copper block subjected to large cold deformation has a stored energy of 2×10^5 J·m^-3, and the typical value of high-angle boundary energy is 0.5 J·m^-2. According to the classical homogeneous nucleation theory, what is the critical nucleus size for recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1×10^-6 m", + "2.5×10^-6 m", + "1×10^-7 m", + "5×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the interparticle spacing λ, given the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume NV=1.43×10^13.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.7μm", + "2.4μm", + "3.1nm", + "4.2×10^-6 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: The volumetric latent heat of fusion for aluminum Lm=1.836×10^9 J/m^3, melting point Tm=993K, undercooling ΔT=19℃. What is the change in volumetric free energy ΔGV during the transformation from liquid to solid?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-3.51 × 10^7 J/m^3", + "-1.836 × 10^9 J/m^3", + "-6.72 × 10^7 J/m^3", + "-1.12 × 10^8 J/m^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the aging of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The surface oxidation phenomenon exclusive to rubber materials exposed to ozone", + "The reversible crystallization process in semi-crystalline polymers during thermal cycling", + "The time-dependent increase in elastic modulus due to molecular chain alignment under stress", + "The cross-linking and scission of polymer molecular chains under external factors, leading to performance degradation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution can albite Na(AlSi3O8) and anorthite Ca(Al2Si2O8) form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous substitutional solid solution", + "Interstitial solid solution", + "Limited substitutional solid solution", + "Intermetallic compound" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When using solder to join copper wires, scraping off the surface layer with a file can make the bond stronger. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Scraping creates microstructural defects that promote interdiffusion between copper and solder", + "Removing the oxide film increases the surface energy of copper, enhancing wettability by the solder", + "The file's abrasion generates localized heat that pre-activates the copper surface", + "Mechanical removal of the surface layer reduces galvanic potential differences" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Chromium has four naturally-occurring isotopes: 4.34% of { }^{50} \\mathrm{Cr}, with an atomic weight of 49.9460 amu, 83.79% of { }^{52} \\mathrm{Cr}, with an atomic weight of 51.9405 amu, 9.50% of { }^{53} \\mathrm{Cr}, with an atomic weight of 52.9407 amu, and 2.37% of { }^{54} \\mathrm{Cr}, with an atomic weight of 53.9389 amu. On the basis of these data, what is the average atomic weight of \\mathrm{Cr}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "52.0000 amu", + "51.9963 amu", + "51.9405 amu", + "52.9407 amu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a limitation of strain hardening as a strengthening method?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strain hardening significantly reduces electrical conductivity in all metallic alloys", + "Strain hardening increases dislocation density but does not alter the alloy's fundamental composition", + "Strain hardening causes permanent changes to the crystal structure type (e.g., FCC to BCC)", + "Strain hardening is ineffective for materials with high stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the microstructural products of eutectoid iron-carbon alloy (0.76 wt% C) specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 200°C/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite and bainite mixture", + "Only martensite forms", + "Austenite with retained martensite", + "Proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure of Ni is face-centered cubic, with an atomic radius of r=0.1243nm and a lattice constant of a=0.3516nm. What is the density of Ni?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.812 g/cm³", + "7.234 g/cm³", + "8.967 g/cm³", + "8.124 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the number-average relative molecular mass of polymers ($\\overline{{{\\cal M}_{n}}}$)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The weight-average molecular mass calculated by $\\widetilde{M_{w}}=\\sum_{i}{w_{i}M_{i}}/{\\sum{w_{i}}}$, where $w_{i}$ is the weight fraction of molecules with molecular weight $M_{i}$", + "The relative molecular mass of polymers weighted by number, $\\widetilde{M_{n}}=\\sum_{i}{N_{i}M_{i}}/{\\sum{N_{i}}}$, where $N_{i}$ is the molar fraction of molecules with molecular weight $M_{i}$", + "The harmonic mean of molecular masses, defined as $\\widetilde{M_{h}}=N/\\sum_{i}{(N_{i}/M_{i})}$, where $N$ is the total number of molecules", + "The geometric mean of molecular masses, calculated by $\\widetilde{M_{g}}=(\\prod_{i}{M_{i}^{N_{i}}})^{1/\\sum{N_{i}}}$ where $N_{i}$ is the number of molecules with molecular weight $M_{i}$" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion cannot be performed by a screw dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Climb", + "Glide", + "Cross-slip", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To predict the normalizing effect of φ25 eutectoid steel bars, how applicable is the isothermal transformation curve?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It provides exact phase transformation kinetics for normalizing", + "It can only provide an approximate estimation of the normalizing effect", + "It is completely inapplicable due to continuous cooling conditions", + "It gives precise hardness values after normalizing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods for controlling austenite grain size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Establish appropriate heating specifications, including controlling heating temperature and holding time, rapid short-term heating", + "Use cryogenic treatment to refine the grain structure through phase transformation", + "Apply high-frequency electromagnetic fields to disrupt grain boundary migration", + "Introduce nano-sized precipitates to pin grain boundaries during recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the resistance (shear stress) that dislocation slip needs to overcome is 1.5×10^8 Pa for 30-51=Fe alloy, the shear modulus G for 3% Si-Fe alloy is 3.5×10^11 Pa, and the lattice constant is 0.28 nm. How thick is the low-dislocation-density layer near the surface of the 3% Si-Fe alloy? It is known that iron-silicon alloy has a body-centered cubic structure, and the Burgers vector length is 0.28√3/2 nm = 0.242 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.22×10^-8 m", + "2.44×10^-8 m", + "9.76×10^-8 m", + "4.88×10^-8 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a nucleus with a radius of 2×10^-9 m is to be formed, what should the dislocation density at the nucleation site be? (G=4×10^10 Pa, b=0.25×10^-9 m)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4×10^17 m^-2", + "1.6×10^17 m^-2", + "2.5×10^18 m^-2", + "6.4×10^16 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A typical paper clip weighs 0.59g and consists of BCC iron. The number of iron atoms in the paper clip is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.54 × 10^22 atoms", + "1.27 × 10^22 atoms", + "3.18 × 10^21 atoms", + "6.37 × 10^21 atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials whose constituent particles are bound by which type of bond are generally expected to have the lowest melting temperatures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent", + "Metallic", + "Ionic", + "Van der Waals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can improve the strength of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Introducing coherent precipitates with lattice mismatch < 5%", + "Increasing the dislocation density through rapid quenching", + "Adding elements with identical atomic radii to the matrix", + "Applying high-temperature annealing to relieve internal stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do alloying elements improve hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They increase the activation energy for diffusion-controlled transformations", + "They decrease the stacking fault energy of the matrix phase", + "They enhance dislocation mobility during quenching", + "They promote heterogeneous nucleation at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the shape memory effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When certain metal materials are deformed and then heated above a specific temperature, the deformed metal materials return to their pre-deformation shape", + "The ability of a material to recover its original shape after plastic deformation when stress is removed, due to reversible phase transformations", + "A phenomenon where polymers regain their original shape upon heating due to entropic elasticity and crosslinking", + "The spontaneous return to original shape in metallic alloys caused by dislocation movement and twinning mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes eutectoid transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution into two phases with the same crystal structure", + "The transformation of a liquid phase into two different solid phases upon cooling", + "The process in which a single solid phase simultaneously precipitates two new solid phases with different compositions and crystal structures", + "The diffusionless transformation of a high-temperature phase into a martensitic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 277 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is 117 GPa. What is the maximum load that may be applied to a specimen having a cross-sectional area of 327 mm^2 without plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "38,100 N (incorrectly applying shear modulus formula)", + "90,500 N (using elastic modulus instead of yield stress)", + "277,000 N (ignoring unit conversion from mm² to m²)", + "86,700 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main purpose of normalizing 20 steel gears?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "reduce residual stresses", + "increase surface hardness", + "enhance corrosion resistance", + "improve machinability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If LiF is dissolved in MgF2, what type of vacancies (anion or cation) must be introduced into MgF2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anion vacancies", + "Cation vacancies", + "Both anion and cation vacancies", + "No vacancies required" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal stretched along the [131] axis, the resolved shear stress of the slip system (111)[10-1] under a tensile stress of 6.9×10^5 Pa is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0 Pa", + "2.8×10^5 Pa", + "4.1×10^5 Pa", + "5.7×10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After metal undergoes cold plastic deformation, this phenomenon is called deformation strengthening or:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cold working", + "strain hardening", + "dislocation strengthening", + "work hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of atomic radius difference on solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "If the difference in atomic radii of the elements forming the alloy exceeds 14%~15%, the solid solubility is extremely limited.", + "A 5%~7% atomic radius difference maximizes solid solubility by creating optimal lattice strain for defect stabilization.", + "Atomic radius difference has negligible effect on solid solubility compared to electronegativity differences.", + "Solid solubility increases proportionally with atomic radius difference up to 20% due to enhanced entropy of mixing." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the second main mechanism of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening by interstitial atoms", + "Grain boundary strengthening through Hall-Petch effect", + "Precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening", + "Work hardening through dislocation accumulation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, what is the relationship between its slip direction and the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "At 45° angle", + "Anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the characteristics of the phase transformation products in the solid-state phase transformation of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The products always reach thermodynamic equilibrium", + "The transformation follows classical nucleation theory exactly", + "There are metastable phases", + "The transformation occurs through liquid phase intermediates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical length Lc of Al2O3 short fibers, given a diameter of 10μm, tensile strength of 2275MPa, and interfacial shear strength τy approximated by the matrix yield strength of 76MPa. The critical length Lc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "299.3μm", + "149.7μm", + "598.6μm", + "75.0μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel bar 100mm (4.0 in.) long and having a square cross section 20mm (0.8 in.) on an edge is pulled in tension with a load of 89,000N (20,000 lb₀), and experiences an elongation of 0.10mm (4.0 × 10⁻³ in.). Assuming that the deformation is entirely elastic, the elastic modulus of the steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "112 GPa (16.2 × 10^6 psi)", + "223 GPa (31.3 × 10^6 psi)", + "446 GPa (64.7 × 10^6 psi)", + "69 GPa (10.0 × 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium (Be) has an HCP unit cell for which the ratio of the lattice parameters c/a is 1.568. If the radius of the Be atom is 0.1143 nm, determine the unit cell volume.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.64 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "3.92 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "4.87 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "4.12 × 10^{-23} cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the tensile strengths and number-average molecular weights for two polymers as follows: Tensile strength (MPa) 138, 184; Number average molecular weight (g/mol) 12600, 28100. Estimate the number average molecular weight (in g/mol) at a tensile strength of 141 MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15800 g/mol", + "13200 g/mol", + "14600 g/mol", + "11400 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what temperature or temperature range is secondary cementite formed, and through what reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1148~727°C, secondary precipitation reaction, γ→Fe3CII", + "727°C, eutectoid reaction, γ→α+Fe3C", + "1495°C, peritectic reaction, δ+γ→α", + "912°C, polymorphic transformation, γ→α" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the surface tension is 0.9 J/m², what is the additional pressure for curved surfaces with radii of curvature of 0.5 μm and 5 μm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.6×10^3 Pa", + "1.98×10^6 Pa", + "1.8×10^6 Pa", + "9.0×10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in.-diameter copper rod is reduced to 1.5 in. diameter, then reduced again to a final diameter of 1 in. In a second case, the 2-in.-diameter rod is reduced in one step from 2 in. to a 1 in. diameter. The % CW for both cases is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "56.25% for two-step, 75% for single-step", + "75% in both cases", + "43.75% for two-step, 75% for single-step", + "56.25% in both cases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can aluminum alloys be surface strengthened by carburizing or nitriding? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because aluminum's FCC structure cannot accommodate interstitial atoms", + "Yes, but only when using plasma-assisted techniques to break the oxide layer", + "Yes, because aluminum can form stable carbides and nitrides at high temperatures", + "No, because the dense oxide film on aluminum prevents effective diffusion of C/N atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a hybrid composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A composite combining ceramic and metallic phases at the nanoscale", + "A composite with two different fiber materials in a single matrix", + "A layered structure of two distinct polymer composites", + "A composite where the matrix itself is a hybrid material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The strength of titanium is found to be 65,000 psi when the grain size is 17 x 10^-6 m and 82,000 psi when the grain size is 0.8 x 10^-6 m. Determine the strength of the titanium when the grain size is reduced to 0.2 x 10^-6 m:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "78,300 psi (linear extrapolation error)", + "92,500 psi (Hall-Petch slope miscalculation)", + "103,670 psi", + "115,000 psi (ignoring saturation effect)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于 dendritic segregation 的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dendritic segregation occurs due to non-equilibrium solidification where high-melting-point components solidify first, creating intracrystalline composition gradients", + "Dendritic segregation is a surface phenomenon caused by preferential diffusion of solute atoms along grain boundaries during annealing", + "Dendritic segregation results from equilibrium solidification where solute atoms uniformly distribute between dendrite arms to minimize free energy", + "Dendritic segregation refers to the macroscopic composition variation caused by convection currents in the molten metal before solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polyvinyl chloride (C2H3Cl)n is dissolved in an organic solvent, with its C-C bond length set at 0.154nm, and the number of bonds in the chain x=2n. For a molecule with a molecular mass of 28500g, what is its root mean square length?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.17nm", + "3.28nm", + "5.92nm", + "4.65nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the strengthening mechanism of work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening is caused by the precipitation of secondary phases that block dislocation movement", + "Work hardening results from the reduction in grain size during cold working, increasing grain boundary strengthening", + "Work hardening occurs due to the formation of immobile dislocation tangles that impede further dislocation motion", + "Work hardening arises from the alignment of dislocations into low-energy configurations that resist deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution compound does Fe3C belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intermetallic compound with L12 ordered structure", + "Substitutional solid solution with FCC lattice", + "Interstitial compound with complex structure", + "Interstitial solid solution with BCC lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines surface tension?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy required to increase a material's surface area by one unit, equivalent to the force acting perpendicularly on a unit length line segment (N/m)", + "The maximum stress a liquid surface can withstand before fracture, measured in Pascals (Pa)", + "The interfacial energy between two immiscible liquids, expressed in Joules per cubic meter (J/m³)", + "The resistance of a solid surface to plastic deformation, quantified by hardness tests (kgf/mm²)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the driving forces for grain boundary migration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stored energy of deformation and the chemical potential difference across the grain boundary caused by grain boundary curvature", + "The difference in elastic modulus between adjacent grains and the surface energy anisotropy", + "The applied external stress and the temperature gradient across the grain boundary", + "The dislocation density difference and the lattice parameter mismatch between grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the interstitial phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A metastable phase where interstitial atoms preferentially segregate to grain boundaries", + "A solid solution phase where solute atoms randomly substitute for solvent atoms in the crystal lattice", + "A phase formed by interstitial atoms creating lattice distortions that enhance both strength and ductility", + "An intermediate phase where alloy components occupy interstitial sites with size constraints, exhibiting high hardness but poor plasticity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Symmetric tilt grain boundaries are composed of what type of dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge", + "Screw", + "Mixed (edge + screw)", + "Partial" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes crystal zone and zone axis?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The collective term for various sets of crystal planes parallel to the same crystal direction is called a crystal zone, and the crystal direction parallel to these sets of crystal planes is called the zone axis.", + "A crystal zone refers to a specific crystallographic plane, while the zone axis is the normal vector to that plane.", + "Crystal zone describes the periodic arrangement of atoms in a crystal, and zone axis indicates the direction of maximum atomic density.", + "A crystal zone is defined by two non-parallel crystal planes, and the zone axis is the line of intersection between these planes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose 1 at% of the following elements is added to copper (forming a separate alloy with each element) without exceeding the solubility limit. Which one would be expected to give the higher strength alloy? For copper: r_Cu=1.278 Å", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transition metal addition (Co: -2.0%) will provide optimal strengthening through a combination of modest size mismatch and d-electron interactions", + "The alloy with negative size mismatch (Mn: -12.4%) will create compressive strains that are more effective for strengthening than tensile strains", + "The noble metal addition (Au: +12.8%) will produce the strongest alloy due to similar electronegativity minimizing defect formation", + "The alloy with the highest atomic size mismatch (Sr: +68.3%) will show maximum solid solution strengthening due to largest lattice distortion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.1 m (3.9 in.) rod of a metal elongates 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.) on heating from 20 to 100°C (68 to 212°F). What is the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "25.0 × 10^{-6} (°C)^{-1}", + "2.5 × 10^{-5} (K)^{-1}", + "0.0025 %/°C", + "2.5 × 10^{-5} mm/(m·°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher tensile strength: Network polyester or lightly branched polypropylene?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lightly branched polypropylene because branching increases crystallinity", + "Network polyester due to its crosslinked structure restricting chain mobility", + "They have comparable tensile strength as both are thermoplastics", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact degree of branching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, what is the corresponding solid solution formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Th1-xCaxO2", + "Th1-xCa2xO2", + "Th1-2xCaxO2", + "Th1-x/2CaxO2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among various layered silicate structures, the unit cell parameters that are similar are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The basal plane spacing (d001) in both kaolinite and montmorillonite", + "The a-axis length in pyrophyllite and the c-axis length in talc", + "The interlayer distance in muscovite and the unit cell height in phlogopite", + "The b-dimension in all 1:1 layer silicates and 2:1 layer silicates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the actual density of α-Fe (given that for every 200 iron atoms there is 1 H atom, Ar(H)=1.008, a=0.286nm, NA=6.023×10²³). The correct density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.9283 g/cm³", + "7.8740 g/cm³", + "7.9821 g/cm³", + "7.8655 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines fracture toughness K_IC?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "K_IC is the critical value of the stress intensity factor for a Type I crack, representing the fracture toughness in terms of stress intensity factor under linear elastic conditions, with the unit MPa*m^0.5", + "K_IC is the maximum elastic strain energy density a material can absorb before fracture, measured in J/m^3", + "K_IC is the critical stress required to propagate a crack under plane strain conditions, expressed in MPa", + "K_IC is the ratio of applied stress to crack length at which fast fracture occurs, dimensionless" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire with a diameter of 0.89 mm has σ_ss=980 MPa and σ_sb=1,130 MPa. Another aluminum alloy has σ_as=255 MPa and σ_ab=400 MPa. Their densities are known to be ρ_s=7.85 g/cm³ and ρ_a=2.7 g/cm³, respectively. If they do not break, which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The steel wire has a higher specific strength (σ/ρ) in both yield and ultimate conditions", + "The aluminum wire can support 40% more load per unit weight than steel when both operate at their yield strengths", + "The aluminum alloy exhibits better strain hardening capability based on the given strength ratios", + "Both materials will show identical weight efficiency when designed for equal stiffness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How much Na2O should be added to SiO2 to make the O/Si ratio of the glass equal to 2.5, assuming the amount of SiO2 is ymol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "x = y", + "x = y/2", + "x = 2y", + "x = y/4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the recrystallization temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature corresponding to the peak hardness during annealing of cold-worked metals", + "The temperature at which 50% of the original microstructure is replaced by new strain-free grains", + "The minimum temperature at which a deformed metal just completes recrystallization within a certain time (generally 1h)", + "The critical temperature above which dislocation motion becomes the dominant deformation mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When dΔG/dr=0, what is the obtained 'r' value called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Gibbs free energy minimum", + "Critical nucleus radius", + "Activation energy barrier", + "Equilibrium grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When unidirectional continuous composites are subjected to longitudinal stress and the fibers fracture, what length will the fibers break into?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fibers break into segments with lengths equal to the critical length (Lc)", + "Fibers fracture randomly into variable lengths between Lc and 3Lc", + "Fibers maintain continuous length but develop microcracks at Lc intervals", + "Fibers break into segments exactly twice the critical length (2Lc)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies the scope of the statement: 'For carbon steel of any composition, as the carbon content increases, the relative amount of ferrite in the structure decreases, while the relative amount of pearlite increases.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When carbon content is below 0.02 wt%", + "For all carbon steels including hypereutectoid compositions", + "Only when cooling rate exceeds 100°C/s", + "For hypoeutectoid carbon steel only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Comparison of mechanical properties, the (1) of polymers is better than that of metal materials.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stiffness", + "Strength", + "Impact strength (toughness)", + "Specific strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the manufacturing of Al2O3 ceramics, the particle size of the raw material is 2μm. After holding at the sintering temperature for 30min, the measured grain size is 10μm. What will be the grain size in μm after holding at the same sintering temperature for 2h?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "40μm", + "14.14μm", + "20μm", + "5.66μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between recrystallization and crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization requires pre-existing crystal defects while crystallization can occur in defect-free systems", + "Crystallization always occurs below melting temperature while recrystallization requires superheating", + "Recrystallization changes crystal symmetry but crystallization preserves atomic arrangement", + "Crystallization is exothermic while recrystallization is endothermic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the method of nucleation during the recrystallization process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization nucleation often occurs in existing regions of deformation inhomogeneity, such as near grain boundaries, shear bands, deformation bands, and around second-phase particles", + "Nucleation occurs uniformly throughout the material volume due to homogeneous strain energy distribution", + "Primary nucleation sites are determined by the lowest stacking fault energy regions in the crystal structure", + "Nucleation initiates exclusively at triple junctions where three grain boundaries meet" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the position of solute atoms in the lattice, into how many categories can solid solution phases be divided?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Equilibrium and metastable solid solutions", + "Primary and secondary solid solutions", + "Substitutional and interstitial solid solutions", + "Homogeneous and heterogeneous solid solutions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The packing density of a simple cubic crystal is ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68%", + "74%", + "52%", + "64%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To predict the normalizing effect of φ25 eutectoid steel bars, how applicable is the continuous cooling transformation curve?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The continuous cooling transformation curve is essential for predicting microstructure evolution during normalizing", + "The isothermal transformation diagram should be used instead, as normalizing involves holding at elevated temperature", + "Neither is needed since eutectoid steels always form pearlite during normalizing", + "Both curves are equally applicable as they show identical transformation behavior" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aluminum sample, the dislocation density inside the grains is measured to be 5×10^9/cm². Assuming all dislocations are concentrated on the subgrain boundaries; each subgrain has a regular hexagonal cross-section. The misorientation angle between subgrains is 5°, and if all dislocations are edge dislocations, with b = a/2 [101], where the magnitude of the Burgers vector equals 2×10^-10 m, what is the average size of the subgrains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1×10^-4 m", + "2×10^-6 m", + "5×10^-7 m", + "1×10^-5 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following elements do not form carbides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al, Ti, V", + "Si, B, N", + "Ni, Co, Cu", + "Cr, W, Mo" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Cottrell atmosphere的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cottrell atmosphere involves solute atoms preferentially occupying interstitial sites in BCC lattices, creating lattice distortions", + "Cottrell atmosphere describes the clustering of vacancies near grain boundaries, causing boundary pinning", + "Cottrell atmosphere is the phenomenon of solute atoms segregating to stacking faults, increasing partial dislocation energy", + "Cottrell atmosphere refers to the aggregation of solute atoms around screw dislocations, leading to strain field interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the modulus of elasticity for spinel (MgAl2O4) having 5 vol% porosity is 240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi), what is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "228 GPa (33 x 10^6 psi)", + "252 GPa (36.5 x 10^6 psi)", + "240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi)", + "265 GPa (38.6 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is tempering high-speed steel at 560°C considered quenching and tempering treatment? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because 560°C falls within the typical tempering temperature range for most steels", + "No, because high-speed steel requires special cryogenic treatment before tempering", + "Yes, because it produces the same tempered sorbite structure as conventional quenching and tempering", + "No, because the purpose and resulting microstructure are fundamentally different from conventional quenching and tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose 1 at% of the following elements is added to copper (forming a separate alloy with each element) without exceeding the solubility limit. Which one would be expected to give the higher strength alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alloy with Mn addition because of its strong solid solution strengthening effect in Cu", + "The alloy with Sr addition due to its larger atomic radius mismatch with Cu", + "The alloy with Si addition as it forms strong covalent bonds with Cu", + "The alloy with Co addition due to its similar crystal structure to Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient D of carbon in γ-Fe. Given the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe D₀=2.0×10⁻⁵ m²/s, activation energy Q=142 kJ/mol, and temperature T=1000℃.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.42×10⁻⁵ m²/s", + "2.98×10⁻¹¹ m²/s", + "2.0×10⁻⁵ m²/s", + "1.42×10⁻¹¹ m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Austenite的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A supersaturated solid solution of carbon in δ-Fe with HCP structure", + "A substitutional solid solution of carbon in α-Fe with FCC structure", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid quenching of γ-Fe with BCC structure", + "An interstitial solid solution of carbon dissolved in γ-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the alloy is a face-centered cubic solid solution with an average atomic radius r=0.1282nm, what is the average lattice constant a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2564 nm", + "0.3625 nm", + "0.4436 nm", + "0.5128 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under equilibrium cooling conditions, a carbon steel obtains a microstructure consisting of 50% pearlite and 50% ferrite. If it is heated to 850°C, what microstructure will be obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50% austenite and 50% cementite", + "Entirely austenite (γ) microstructure", + "Retained pearlite-ferrite structure with partial austenitization", + "Martensite due to rapid heating rate effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the driving forces of primary recrystallization and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The driving force of primary recrystallization is the elastic distortion energy of the matrix, while the driving force of secondary recrystallization comes from the reduction of interfacial energy", + "Both primary and secondary recrystallization are driven by the reduction of dislocation density, with secondary recrystallization requiring higher activation energy", + "Primary recrystallization is driven by surface energy minimization, while secondary recrystallization is driven by grain boundary curvature", + "The driving forces for both processes originate from stored strain energy, with secondary recrystallization occurring at higher temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How would the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal be expected to change with rising temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "First decrease then increase due to competing mechanisms of thermal activation and creep relaxation", + "Decrease due to thermal softening reducing material's resistance to crack propagation", + "Remain constant as it's an intrinsic material property independent of temperature", + "Increase due to enhanced dislocation mobility reducing crack tip stress concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "is the process in which the average grain size of a strain-free material continuously increases during heat treatment without altering its distribution", + "occurs when dislocations rearrange to form subgrain boundaries during recrystallization", + "is driven primarily by reduction in surface energy and requires the presence of stored strain energy", + "can be prevented by adding solute atoms that segregate to grain boundaries and increase their mobility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a Pb-35% Sn alloy at 182°C, determine the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary α: 19% Sn, % primary α = 37%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 63%", + "primary α: 19% Sn, % primary α = 63%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 37%", + "primary α: 35% Sn, % primary α = 50%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 50%", + "primary α: 10% Sn, % primary α = 70%, eutectic: 50% Sn, % eutectic = 30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phase constituents at room temperature for an alloy with peritectic transformation, where the phase constituents are α + β?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The β phase includes only the products of peritectic reaction", + "The β phase includes only secondary β phases formed during cooling", + "The β phase includes both peritectic reaction products and secondary β phases", + "The β phase includes peritectic reaction products, homogeneous transformation products, and secondary β phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two important quantum-mechanical concepts associated with the Bohr model of the atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electrons exhibit wave-particle duality and their positions are described by probability clouds", + "Electrons are particles moving in discrete orbitals, and electron energy is quantized into shells", + "Electrons emit continuous radiation as they spiral into the nucleus due to Coulomb attraction", + "Electron orbits are classical trajectories with continuously variable energy levels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 65 degrees with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 30 degrees, 48 degrees, and 78 degrees with the same tensile axis. Which of these three slip directions is most favored?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "all three slip directions are equally favored due to the high angle of the slip plane normal", + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 48 degrees with the tensile axis", + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 78 degrees with the tensile axis", + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 30 degrees with the tensile axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is steel classified by use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, and high-carbon steel", + "Carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel", + "Wrought steel, cast steel, and powder metallurgy steel", + "Structural steel, tool steel, and special performance steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following groups of elements are commonly used alloying elements that close the γ region?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Silicon, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, phosphorus, vanadium, titanium, and aluminum", + "Nickel, manganese, carbon, nitrogen, copper, and cobalt", + "Zinc, magnesium, lithium, beryllium, and calcium", + "Gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and rhodium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the regular melt α, the total driving force ΔG for the precipitation of β can be approximately expressed as ΔG=RT[x_o ln(x_o/x_e)+(1-x_o)ln((1-x_o)/(1-x_e))]-2Ω(x_o-x_e)^2. Given T=600K, x_o=0.1, x_e=0.02, Ω=0, use this expression to estimate the total driving force for α→α′+β. The estimated total driving force is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "841.6 J/mol", + "210.4 J/mol", + "420.8 J/mol", + "105.2 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors significantly affects atomic diffusion in crystalline solids, particularly by increasing the diffusion coefficient and rate with higher values?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature", + "Elastic modulus at 0K", + "Burgers vector magnitude", + "Stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Pseudoeutectoid transformation的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pseudoeutectoid transformation is a special case of martensitic transformation where the parent phase transforms into a mixture of ferrite and cementite", + "Pseudoeutectoid transformation occurs when hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid alloys near the eutectoid composition exhibit fully eutectoid microstructure under non-equilibrium conditions", + "Pseudoeutectoid transformation describes the formation of pearlite in hypereutectoid steels during extremely slow cooling rates", + "Pseudoeutectoid transformation refers to the abnormal growth of proeutectoid phase that mimics eutectoid morphology at high undercooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When clay adsorbs different cations, the variation pattern of the green body formation rate (from small to large) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why must fiber materials that are melt-spun be thermoplastic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They must be capable of forming a viscous liquid when heated, which is not possible for thermosets", + "Thermoplastics have higher crystallinity which is essential for fiber strength", + "The melt-spinning process requires reversible phase transitions only possible in thermoplastics", + "Thermosets cannot achieve the necessary viscosity for fiber formation at any temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical rod 380mm (15.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 10.0mm (0.40 in.), is to be subjected to a tensile load of 24,500 N (5500 lbf). Which of the four metals or alloys listed below will experience an elongation of no more than 0.9mm (0.035 in.) under this load?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Aluminum alloy (Yield Strength: 275 MPa, Strain Hardening Exponent: 0.20)", + "Titanium alloy (Yield Strength: 830 MPa, Strain Hardening Exponent: 0.15)", + "Brass alloy (Yield Strength: 415 MPa, Strain Hardening Exponent: 0.35)", + "Steel alloy (Yield Strength: 450 MPa, Strain Hardening Exponent: 0.25)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The main mechanism of high-temperature recovery is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation slip and cross-slip", + "Dislocation climb and polygonization", + "Polygonization and subgrain coalescence", + "Bulge nucleation and subgrain coalescence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize a 0.95 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a normalizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "768°C (1414°F)", + "727°C (1340°F)", + "912°C (1674°F)", + "840°C (1545°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ferritic stainless steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "430F", + "304", + "316L", + "1Cr17" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the basic conditions (driving force) for metal recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exceeding the material's melting temperature to enable atomic rearrangement", + "A critical combination of dislocation density and thermal activation energy", + "Application of external stress exceeding the yield strength", + "Maintaining constant strain rate during deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the probability of annealing twin formation and the stacking fault energy of a crystal is ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The probability is solely determined by the crystal's Burgers vector magnitude", + "Crystals with low stacking fault energy have a higher probability of forming annealing twins", + "The probability increases linearly with stacking fault energy according to Read-Shockley equation", + "Only face-centered cubic crystals can form annealing twins regardless of stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the composition and amount of each phase present at 728 degrees C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 12.1%; gamma: 0.77% C, 87.9%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17.2%; gamma: 0.77% C, 82.8%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 3.8%; gamma: 0.77% C, 96.2%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 6.4%; gamma: 0.77% C, 93.6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Commonly used expansion materials are divided into which three categories?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isotropic expansion materials; Anisotropic expansion materials; Negative expansion materials", + "Low expansion materials; Controlled expansion materials; High expansion materials", + "Linear expansion materials; Area expansion materials; Volume expansion materials", + "Thermal expansion materials; Hygroscopic expansion materials; Phase-change expansion materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are examples of uphill diffusion in metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion in pure metals", + "Fickian diffusion in dilute alloys", + "Cottrell atmospheres formation around dislocations", + "Grain boundary diffusion at high temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'Coordination number'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of electron pairs shared between a central metal ion and its ligands in a coordination complex", + "In a crystal structure, the number of atoms that are adjacent to and equidistant from any given atom", + "The maximum number of nearest neighbor atoms possible in a close-packed crystal structure", + "The number of atomic orbitals hybridized to form molecular orbitals in metallic bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An amorphous solid exhibiting a glass transition temperature, distinct from other amorphous states by this thermal property", + "A supercooled liquid with infinite viscosity, maintaining its disordered atomic structure indefinitely", + "A crystalline material with short-range order but lacking long-range periodicity in its atomic arrangement", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid quenching that will inevitably crystallize over time" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the different atomic arrangement structures at the interface, the phase interfaces in solids can be divided into:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic", + "coherent, incoherent, and semi-coherent", + "ionic, covalent, and metallic", + "dislocation, grain boundary, and stacking fault" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a weak carbide-forming element?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "tungsten", + "manganese", + "chromium", + "vanadium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is hot deformation distinguished from cold deformation of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Based on whether the deformation occurs above or below 0.5 times the melting temperature (in Kelvin)", + "Based on whether the deformation causes permanent dislocation movement or only elastic deformation", + "Based on whether the deformation temperature is above or below the recrystallization temperature", + "Based on whether the deformation process includes dynamic recovery mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume NV, given the volume fraction of Fe3C phase φFe3C=0.06 and the spherical particle radius r=10×10^-6m. The correct NV is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "≈7.16×10^12 m^-3", + "≈2.86×10^13 m^-3", + "≈1.43×10^13 m^-3", + "≈3.58×10^13 m^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the basic characteristics of the Bravais lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It has periodicity and symmetry, and each node is an equivalent point", + "It has periodicity and symmetry, but nodes may represent different atomic species", + "It has perfect periodicity but no rotational symmetry requirements", + "It requires identical atomic arrangements at all nodes regardless of crystal system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the interfacial tensions of ether-water, mercury-ether, and mercury-water are 0.0107, 0.379, and 0.375 N/m, respectively. A drop of water is placed on the interface between ether and mercury. What is the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "151.231°", + "112.345°", + "45.000°", + "68.0498°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The surface of a copper single crystal is parallel to {001}. If a tensile force is applied along the [001] direction, and the measured critical resolved shear stress is $\\overline{{\\tau_{c}}}=0.7$ MPa, determine the stress at which the material yields.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.0 MPa", + "0.7 MPa", + "1.414 MPa", + "1.715 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basis for formulating the heat treatment process of high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The chemical composition and the transformation curve of undercooled austenite in high-speed steel", + "The room-temperature hardness and thermal conductivity of the steel", + "The melting point and coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy", + "The as-cast microstructure and grain size distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a Schottky defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defect: A localized lattice distortion caused by substitutional impurity atoms with different atomic radii.", + "Schottky defect: A pair of cation and anion vacancies that maintains charge neutrality in ionic crystals, without any atoms migrating to the surface.", + "Schottky defect: A vacancy-interstitial pair formed when an atom moves from its lattice site to an interstitial position within the crystal.", + "Schottky defect: When the lattice undergoes thermal vibration, some atoms with sufficient energy leave their equilibrium positions, migrate to the surface of the crystal, and leave vacancies at the original normal lattice sites." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In which temperature range does grain boundary diffusion dominate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Above 0.5Tm", + "Between 0.3-0.5Tm", + "Below 0.3Tm (where Tm is absolute melting temperature)", + "Only at cryogenic temperatures (<100K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The effect of a stress raiser is more significant for which of the following types of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amorphous metals under cyclic loading", + "Single-crystal superalloys at 0.6Tm", + "Nanocrystalline ceramics with grain size <50nm", + "Cold-worked austenitic stainless steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the morphology, size, and distribution of tertiary cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous network, large amount, distributed along prior austenite grain boundaries", + "Discontinuous granular, small amount, distributed at ferrite grain boundaries", + "Lamellar structure, moderate amount, alternating with ferrite layers", + "Spherical particles, trace amount, uniformly dispersed in matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure is related to its:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "temperature and pressure during formation", + "chemical composition and relative size of particles", + "electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient", + "optical transparency and magnetic susceptibility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the atomic number of an element is 32, based on its electron configuration, identify which group it belongs to.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Group IVA", + "Group IIIA", + "Group VA", + "Group IIA" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between fatigue striations and beachmarks in terms of size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Beachmarks are macroscopic features visible to the naked eye, while fatigue striations require electron microscopy due to their microscopic size", + "Both features are microscopic but beachmarks appear larger due to their curved morphology", + "Fatigue striations are actually larger than beachmarks because they represent individual crack propagation events", + "Their sizes are identical but beachmarks appear distinct due to environmental interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic matrix composite contains internal flaws as large as 0.001 cm in length. The plane strain fracture toughness of the composite is 45 MPa / m and the tensile strength is 550 MPa. Will the flaw cause the composite to fail before the tensile strength is reached? Assume that f=1.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, the flaw will propagate catastrophically at 80% of the tensile strength", + "No, failure will occur due to tensile overload before the flaw becomes critical", + "Yes, but only under cyclic loading conditions due to fatigue crack growth", + "No, because the flaw size is below the critical threshold for this material system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A face-centered cubic single crystal is stretched with [131] as the force axis. When the tensile stress is 1×10^7Pa, the resolved shear stress on the (111)[1\\overline{1}0] slip system is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.1×10^6Pa", + "1.2×10^7Pa", + "3.7×10^6Pa", + "2.9×10^6Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "BCC lithium has a lattice parameter of 3.5089 × 10^-8 cm and contains one vacancy per 200 unit cells. The density of Li is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.541 g/cm³", + "0.532 g/cm³", + "0.515 g/cm³", + "0.508 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does alloy steel have better mechanical properties than carbon steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements increase the Burgers vector magnitude of dislocations", + "Alloying elements lower the stacking fault energy, promoting twinning as the dominant deformation mechanism", + "Alloying elements reduce the critical resolved shear stress for slip systems", + "Alloying elements increase the density of dislocations, enhancing strength through strain hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes 'Syndiotactic'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A polymer in which the substituents are alternately attached to opposite sides of the main chain plane", + "A polymer with random orientation of substituents relative to the main chain plane", + "A polymer where all substituents are on the same side of the main chain plane", + "A polymer with substituents arranged in a helical pattern around the main chain" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Typical ingot structure usually has:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Uniform dendritic structure throughout", + "Peripheral columnar crystal zone", + "Central equiaxed crystal zone", + "Amorphous surface layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of a metal alloy 48.8mm long and 9.09mm in diameter is stressed in tension. A true stress of 327 MPa causes the specimen to plastically elongate to a length of 55 mm. If it is known that the strain-hardening exponent for this alloy is 0.3, what is the true stress (in MPa) necessary to plastically elongate a specimen of this same material from a length of 48.8mm to a length of 57.6 mm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "412 MPa", + "355 MPa", + "390 MPa", + "327 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于compositional supercooling的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Compositional supercooling can be completely avoided by maintaining equilibrium conditions throughout the solidification process", + "Compositional supercooling is primarily caused by rapid cooling rates that exceed the critical cooling rate for glass formation", + "This phenomenon requires the presence of at least three alloying elements to establish sufficient concentration gradients", + "Compositional supercooling occurs when solute redistribution creates a local depression of the liquidus temperature ahead of the solidification front" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a metal with a dislocation density of $\\mathrm{10^{12}/cm^{2}}$ after cold deformation, there exist second-phase particles that do not aggregate or grow upon heating, with a volume fraction $\\varphi{=}1\\%$ and a radius of $1\\mu\\mathfrak{m}$. Given $G{=}10^{5}\\mathrm{MPa}$, $\\pmb{b=0.3\\mathrm{nm}}$, and interfacial energy ${\\pmb\\sigma}{=}0,5\\mathrm{J}/\\uppi^{2}$, can the presence of these second-phase particles completely prevent recrystallization of this metal upon heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the Zener pinning force exceeds the recrystallization driving force", + "No, because the particle spacing is too large to effectively pin grain boundaries", + "Yes, because the high dislocation density provides sufficient nucleation sites for precipitation", + "No, because the interfacial energy is too low to stabilize the particle-matrix interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 277 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is 117 GPa. If the original specimen length is 148 mm, what is the maximum length to which it may be stretched without causing plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "149.35 mm", + "131.30 mm", + "147.65 mm", + "130.85 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cadmium sulfide (CdS) has a cubic unit cell with a cell edge length of 0.582 nm and a measured density of 4.82 g/cm³. How many Cd²⁺ and S²⁻ ions are there per unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 Cd²⁺ and 1 S²⁻ ion", + "2 Cd²⁺ and 2 S²⁻ ions", + "8 Cd²⁺ and 8 S²⁻ ions", + "4 Cd²⁺ and 4 S²⁻ ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why must fiber materials that are drawn be thermoplastic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Drawing requires reversible deformation, a unique property of thermoplastic polymers", + "Thermoplastics have lower glass transition temperatures, allowing easier fiber formation", + "Thermoplasticity enables molecular chain alignment during drawing, which is impossible in crosslinked thermosets", + "Thermosets cannot achieve the necessary crystallinity for fiber strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies the error in the concept '727°C is the allotropic transformation temperature of ferrite and austenite' and provides the correct information?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "This temperature represents the Curie point, not phase transformation", + "727°C is the eutectoid transformation temperature, not allotropic", + "The correct allotropic transformation occurs at 912°C for pure iron", + "The temperature indicated by the GS line is that of ferrite and austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are ceramic materials, in general, harder yet more brittle than metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The absence of free electrons in ceramics limits their ductility", + "Ceramics exhibit lower thermal expansion coefficients preventing plastic deformation", + "Ceramics have higher bond covalency which restricts dislocation motion", + "Grain boundary strengthening mechanisms dominate in polycrystalline ceramics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polycrystals, grain boundaries are classified into large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries. What does the angle refer to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The misorientation between adjacent grains", + "The angle of dislocation arrays at the boundary", + "The contact angle between grain surfaces", + "The critical angle for total internal reflection at the boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In interstitial solid solutions, by what mechanism do solute atoms diffuse?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion", + "Vacancy mechanism", + "Dislocation pipe diffusion", + "Interstitial mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the hardness of the transformation products of bainite transformation, pearlite transformation, and martensite transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite has low hardness, bainite has medium hardness, martensite has high hardness", + "Pearlite has high hardness due to its lamellar structure, bainite has medium hardness, martensite has the lowest hardness", + "Bainite has the highest hardness due to its fine microstructure, followed by martensite, with pearlite being the softest", + "Martensite has medium hardness due to its tetragonal structure, pearlite has the highest hardness, bainite is the softest" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A piece of corroded metal alloy plate was found in a submerged ocean vessel. It was estimated that the original area of the plate was 800 cm^2 and that approximately 7.6kg had corroded away during the submersion. Assuming a corrosion penetration rate of 4mm / yr for this alloy in seawater and the density of the alloy is 4.5g/cm^3, estimate the time of submersion in years.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.11 yr", + "5.27 yr", + "10.54 yr", + "1.32 yr" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that for carbon diffusion in γ-Fe, D0=2.0×10^(-5)m²/s, Q=1.4×10^5J/mol, gas constant R=8.314J/(mol·K), the diffusion coefficient D at 927°C is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.315×10^(-12) m²/s", + "2.981×10^(-12) m²/s", + "3.327×10^(-11) m²/s", + "1.663×10^(-11) m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 6 at% Pb and 94 at% Sn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.5 wt% Pb, 96.5 wt% Sn", + "6.0 wt% Pb, 94.0 wt% Sn", + "15.2 wt% Pb, 84.8 wt% Sn", + "10.0 wt% Pb, 90.0 wt% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The length of the aluminum rod after drawing is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18.6m", + "22.1m", + "20.0m", + "24.3m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the sacrificial anode technique used for galvanic protection?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sacrificial anodes function by altering the pH of the local environment to make it less corrosive. The anode material dissolves to release ions that buffer the solution chemistry.", + "A sacrificial anode works by creating a physical barrier between the protected metal and the corrosive environment. The anode material is chosen for its ability to form stable oxides that shield the underlying metal.", + "The technique involves applying an external voltage to make the protected metal act as the anode, thereby preventing its oxidation. The 'sacrificial' aspect refers to the energy cost of maintaining this voltage.", + "A sacrificial anode is electrically coupled to the metal piece to be protected, which anode is also situated in the corrosion environment. The sacrificial anode is a metal or alloy that is chemically more reactive in the particular environment. It (the anode) preferentially oxidizes, and, upon giving up electrons to the other metal, protects it from electrochemical corrosion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the diameter of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.25 in", + "1.5 in", + "3.0 in", + "4.5 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the fabrication of silicon semiconductor devices, boron is often diffused into silicon single crystals. If at a temperature of 1600K, the boron concentration on the surface of the silicon single crystal is kept constant (constant source semi-infinite diffusion), and the boron concentration at a depth of 10^-3 cm from the surface is required to be half of the surface concentration (erfc =0.5 x/(2√Dt) = 0.5), how long is needed (given D_1600°C = 8×10^-12 cm²/s)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.50×10^5 s", + "6.25×10^4 s", + "1.25×10^5 s", + "3.13×10^4 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the fundamental mechanism of solid solution strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solute atoms form covalent bonds with the matrix, enhancing overall stiffness", + "Solute atoms increase lattice vibration frequency, raising the Peierls stress", + "Solute atoms gather along dislocations and pin them, increasing yield strength", + "Solute atoms create local stress fields that directly oppose applied stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of structure is ferrite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A substitutional solid solution of carbon in γ-Fe with a face-centered cubic structure", + "An interstitial solid solution of carbon in α-Fe with a body-centered cubic structure", + "A pure iron phase with a hexagonal close-packed structure", + "An ordered intermetallic compound of Fe and C with a complex tetragonal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that solid nickel was able to nucleate homogeneously with an undercooling of only 22°C. How many atoms would have to group together spontaneously for this to occur? Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.68 × 10^{5}", + "2.272 × 10^{6}", + "1.136 × 10^{6}", + "3.408 × 10^{6}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the second essential reason for the high hardness of martensite: the solid solution strengthening mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The tetragonal distortion of the crystal lattice due to carbon supersaturation directly increases the elastic modulus of martensite", + "The high dislocation density in martensite creates strong barriers to dislocation motion, which is the primary contributor to its hardness", + "The rapid quenching process creates nanoscale precipitates that provide Orowan strengthening", + "The complete absence of grain boundaries in martensite eliminates weak points for crack propagation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of polycrystalline and nonporous electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Opaque", + "Transparent", + "Translucent", + "Variable transparency depending on grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What role does the interface play in composite materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interface primarily acts as a diffusion barrier to prevent chemical reactions between matrix and reinforcement", + "The interface serves to coordinate deformation by transferring stress, with optimal bonding strength that balances toughness and load transfer", + "The interface functions as a thermal expansion buffer to accommodate mismatch between components", + "The interface's main role is to provide electrical insulation between conductive reinforcements and matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the movement of an edge dislocation perpendicular to the slip plane called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip", + "Glide", + "Climb", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An undeformed specimen of some alloy has an average grain diameter of 0.050 mm. You are asked to reduce its average grain diameter to 0.020 mm. Is this possible? If so, explain the procedures you would use and name the processes involved. If it is not possible, explain why.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the Hall-Petch relationship shows grain size cannot be reduced below 0.025 mm in polycrystalline materials", + "No, because grain refinement below 0.030 mm requires specialized severe plastic deformation techniques", + "Yes, by simply heating the alloy to just below its melting temperature to induce spontaneous grain refinement", + "Yes, by cold working followed by recrystallization annealing at a temperature below the alloy's melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a machine tool spindle made of 40Cr steel, the core requires good strength and toughness (200-300HB), while the journal needs to be hard and wear-resistant (HRC54-58). What preparatory heat treatment should be selected?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Full annealing + carburizing", + "Normalizing + surface induction hardening", + "Quenching + high-temperature tempering (tempered sorbite)", + "Austempering to obtain bainite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials transmits light with relatively little absorption?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hot-pressed spinel (MgAl2O4) with 99.5% density", + "Polycrystalline alumina with 99.9% purity", + "Amorphous silica glass with OH content <1ppm", + "Single crystal sapphire at 1550nm wavelength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the two components of the activation energy for intrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface energy and grain boundary diffusion energy", + "Lattice vibration energy and electron excitation energy", + "Vacancy formation energy and particle migration energy", + "Dislocation formation energy and stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the mass fraction of proeutectoid ferrite that forms in an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.25 wt% C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.75", + "0.69", + "0.25", + "0.83" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Critical deformation degree'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The deformation threshold where dislocation density reaches saturation in a single crystal", + "The maximum strain a material can withstand before fracture during hot working", + "The minimum pre-cold deformation required for metal to undergo recrystallization at a given temperature", + "The critical strain required to initiate dynamic recrystallization during deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the solid-state phase transformation, assuming the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}$ and growth rate $G$ are constants, the volume fraction of the new phase formed after time $t$ can be obtained using the Johnson-Mehl equation, i.e., $$ \\begin{array}{r}{\\varphi=1-\\exp\\left(-\\frac{\\pi}{3}\\dot{N}G^{3}t^{4}\\right)}\\end{array}$$ Given the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}=1~000/(\\mathrm{cm}^{3}\\bullet\\mathrm{s}),G=3\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{cm/s},$ what is the time required to achieve a $50\\%$ transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "395 s", + "1.25 × 10^4 s", + "2.37 × 10^-3 s", + "7.94 × 10^5 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that at 1000°C, atoms diffuse through an Al2O3 crystal a distance x in 3h, estimate the time required for Al atoms to diffuse through the same Al2O3 crystal a distance of 9x.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "243h", + "27h", + "81h", + "9h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main resistances to nucleation in solid-state phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation density and stacking fault energy", + "Activation energy and lattice mismatch", + "Interfacial energy and elastic strain energy", + "Bulk modulus and thermal expansion coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For many polymer materials, their tensile strength σi is a function of the number-average relative molecular mass Mn̅: the formula is given by σi = σ0 - A / Mn̅, where σ0 is the tensile strength at infinite molecular weight, and A is a constant. Given two types of poly(methyl methacrylate) with number-average relative molecular masses of 4×10^4 and 6×10^4, the corresponding tensile strengths are 107 MPa and 170 MPa, respectively. Determine the tensile strength σb when the number-average relative molecular mass is 3×10^4.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "89 MPa", + "53 MPa", + "72 MPa", + "44 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an n-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electron", + "Hole", + "Equal concentration of both", + "Depends on the doping concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose the microstructure of an alloy consists of multiple two-phase lamellar eutectic domains with different orientations and uniform distribution. The actual interlamellar spacing in each domain is equal. How should this interlamellar spacing be determined under a metallographic microscope?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the maximum observable spacing and apply a correction factor", + "Calculate the average spacing from multiple randomly selected domains", + "Use the spacing perpendicular to the viewing direction", + "Measure the minimum interlamellar spacing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the cause of the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The segregation of impurity elements such as Sb, Sn, P, and As to the original austenite grain boundaries during tempering", + "The precipitation of cementite along grain boundaries during slow cooling after tempering", + "The formation of martensite due to insufficient tempering time", + "The depletion of alloying elements from grain boundaries during high-temperature tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The percentage of ionic character in the bonding between In and Sb can be approximately expressed by the following formula: IC(%)=[1-e^(-0.25(x_A-x_B)^2)]×100, where x_A and x_B are the electronegativity values of elements A and B, respectively. Given that the electronegativities of In and Sb are 1.7 and 1.9, respectively, the IC(%) for InSb is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.0%", + "4.0%", + "0.1%", + "10.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'phase'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A portion or region within an alloy that has the same (or continuously varying) composition, structure, and properties", + "A distinct state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) with uniform physical properties throughout", + "The angular relationship between crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline material", + "A thermodynamic state characterized by a specific free energy minimum under given conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal with finer grains exhibits this phenomenon compared to the same metal with coarser grains, which is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cottrell atmosphere", + "Orowan bowing effect", + "Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "Hall-Petch strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an extra (111) plane is embedded, causing a small-angle grain boundary tilted by 1° in α-Fe, what is the average distance between the dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2774 nm", + "9.4807 nm", + "18.9615 nm", + "36.234 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to X-ray diffraction measurements, at 912°C, the lattice parameter a of α-Fe is 0.2892 nm, and that of γ-Fe is 0.3633 nm. What is the volume expansion when γ-Fe transforms into α-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-2.15%", + "1.24%", + "0.87%", + "3.68%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the pair of polymers: branched polyethylene with a number-average molecular weight of 250000 g/mol; linear and isotactic poly(vinyl chloride) with a number-average molecular weight of 200000 g/mol, is it possible to decide whether one polymer has a higher tensile modulus than the other?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because both polymers have molecular weights above the entanglement threshold", + "Yes, the linear PVC must have higher modulus due to its isotactic structure", + "Yes, the branched PE must have higher modulus due to its higher molecular weight", + "No, because branching and tacticity effects cannot be compared without experimental data" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The permeability coefficient of a type of small gas molecule in a polymer is dependent on absolute temperature according to the following equation:\n\\[\nP_{M}=P_{M_{0}} \\exp \\left(-\\frac{Q_{p}}{R T}\\right)\n\\]\nwhere P_{M_{0}} and Q_{p} are constants for a given gas-polymer pair. Consider the diffusion of hydrogen through a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMSO) sheet 20mm thick. The hydrogen pressures at the two faces are 10 kPa and 1 kPa, which are maintained constant. Compute the diffusion flux [in \\left({cm}^{3} STP\\right) / {cm}^{2}-s ] at 350 K. For this diffusion system\n\\[\n\\begin{array}{l}\nP_{M_{0}}=1.45 × 10^{-8}\\left(cm^{3} STP\\right)\\left({cm}^{3} / {cm}^{2}-s-\\mathrm{Pa}\\right. \\\\\nQ_{p}=13.7kJ / mol\n\\end{array}\n\\]\nAlso, assume a condition of steady state diffusion. The diffusion flux is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.54 × 10^{-6} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "1.18 × 10^{-6} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "2.95 × 10^{-7} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "5.90 × 10^{-7} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do some transparent materials appear colored while others are colorless?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The material's refractive index varies significantly with wavelength, causing selective light scattering", + "The presence of transition metal ions creates d-d electron transitions that absorb specific visible wavelengths", + "The bandgap energy corresponds exactly to ultraviolet frequencies, leaving all visible light unaffected", + "Random atomic vacancies in the crystal lattice preferentially scatter shorter wavelengths" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and its nearest neighboring positive ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.194nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.556nm", + "0.393nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does cast iron with a chemical composition of 'three lows' (low carbon, silicon, and manganese content) and 'one high' (high sulfur content) tend to form white iron during production?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high sulfur content preferentially combines with manganese to form MnS inclusions, reducing free manganese available to counteract sulfur's graphitization inhibition", + "Low carbon content decreases the driving force for graphite nucleation while high sulfur increases the interfacial energy between graphite and melt", + "Silicon deficiency prevents the breakdown of cementite into graphite, while sulfur stabilizes the metastable cementite phase", + "The combined effect of reduced graphitization promoters (C, Si) and enhanced inhibitor (S) shifts the critical cooling rate below the actual cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the carbon content is 0.8% in high-carbon steel with an initial grain size of 0.05mm, and it is held at 870‰ for 1 hour, what is the final grain size? Use the formula D^(1/n) - D0^(1/n) = c t, where at 870‰, the constant c is 2×10^(-8), n is 0.2, D and D0 are grain sizes in mm, and t is time in min.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.082mm", + "0.052mm", + "0.069mm", + "0.061mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes heterogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The spontaneous formation of crystal nuclei in a perfectly homogeneous liquid metal without any external influence", + "The formation of crystal nuclei in liquid metal preferentially occurs on the surfaces of foreign substances (mold walls or impurities) or at locations with temperature inhomogeneity", + "The nucleation process that occurs at grain boundaries during solid-state phase transformations", + "The simultaneous formation of multiple crystal nuclei with different crystallographic orientations in a supercooled liquid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After high-temperature recovery, several edge dislocations form a subgrain boundary with a misorientation of $0.057^{\\circ}$. Assuming there is no interaction between these dislocations, what is the ratio of the distortion energy after forming the subgrain to the original energy? (Given the core radius of the dislocation $r_{0}\\approx$ $b\\approx10^{-8}\\mathrm{cm}$, and the effective radius of the dislocation stress field before forming the subgrain $R=10^{-4}\\mathrm{cm}$.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3/4", + "1/2", + "ln(R/r0)/[2ln(R/2r0)]", + "θ/2π" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are characteristics of refractory ceramic materials that improve with increasing porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Enhanced ionic conductivity through grain boundaries", + "Increased elastic modulus at elevated temperatures", + "Decreased thermal expansion and contraction upon thermal cycling", + "Improved fracture toughness under compressive loads" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the necessary condition for an alloy to undergo precipitation hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alloy must contain at least 5% of a secondary alloying element", + "The alloy must have a solubility limit that decreases with decreasing temperature", + "The alloy must be quenched from above its recrystallization temperature", + "The alloy must exhibit complete solid solubility at all temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 5 at% Cu and 95 at% Pt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.83 wt% Cu and 99.17 wt% Pt", + "5.00 wt% Cu and 95.00 wt% Pt", + "3.21 wt% Cu and 96.79 wt% Pt", + "1.68 wt% Cu and 98.32 wt% Pt" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly explains the difference between fatigue striations and beachmarks in terms of origin?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Striations form due to localized plastic deformation at the crack tip, while beachmarks are artifacts from electron microscopy preparation", + "Fatigue striations are caused by variations in environmental conditions, whereas beachmarks result from changes in loading frequency", + "Both features originate from cyclic loading, but beachmarks are only visible in ductile materials while striations appear in brittle materials", + "Beachmarks are macroscopic features formed by intermittent loading, while fatigue striations are microscopic features corresponding to individual load cycles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In face-centered cubic crystals, the partial dislocation caused by (6)__ is called the Shockley partial dislocation", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "stacking fault energy", + "lattice distortion", + "non-uniform slip", + "Burgers vector dissociation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Annealing的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Annealing is a rapid cooling process used to lock in dislocations and increase hardness, similar to quenching but with slower cooling rates.", + "Annealing: A heat treatment process in which a metal or its alloy is heated above the phase transition temperature, held for a period of time, and then cooled at a relatively slow rate to obtain a nearly equilibrium microstructure is called annealing.", + "The primary purpose of annealing is to increase yield strength by creating a heavily deformed microstructure through controlled plastic deformation.", + "Annealing refers specifically to the heat treatment of aluminum alloys at temperatures below 200°C to relieve stresses without affecting precipitation hardening." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The one that is easier to obtain a crystalline structure is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Highly crosslinked polymers", + "Branched molecules", + "Three-dimensional molecules", + "Linear molecules" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide (solute) form a continuous solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both are oxides with similar ionic radii of Mg2+ and Al3+", + "No, because MgO has a rock salt structure while Al2O3 has a corundum structure", + "No, because the valence difference between Mg2+ and Al3+ prevents substitution", + "Yes, but only at high temperatures where entropy dominates the free energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the most closely packed direction in a hexagonal close-packed crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<1010>", + "<0001>", + "<1120>", + "<1011>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors primarily determines the concentration of component defects?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal expansion coefficient mismatch", + "Cooling rate during solidification", + "Grain boundary energy anisotropy", + "Doping amount" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to grind up and reuse phenol-formaldehyde?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the phenolic rings can be chemically cleaved and reformed under high pressure", + "Yes, but only if the grinding process is performed below the glass transition temperature to prevent further crosslinking", + "No, because phenol-formaldehyde is a thermoset polymer that forms irreversible crosslinks during curing", + "No, unless special catalysts are added during grinding to break the hydrogen bonds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the liquid/solid interface front of an alloy more prone to undercooling during solidification compared to that of a pure metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Impurity atoms in alloys disrupt the crystal lattice symmetry, reducing the interfacial energy required for solidification", + "Alloys have higher thermal conductivity than pure metals, causing faster heat dissipation at the interface", + "The presence of multiple elements increases atomic vibration frequency, lowering the energy barrier for nucleation", + "The solute enrichment at the interface creates a local composition gradient that effectively raises the melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol V_{Cl}^*?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chlorine vacancy-electron complex", + "Chlorine interstitial with a single negative charge", + "Chlorine ion vacancy with a single positive charge", + "Neutral chlorine vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructure transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 400-600°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cementite aggregation and growth, and recovery and recrystallization of α phase", + "Formation of bainite with retained austenite decomposition", + "Complete transformation to pearlite with spheroidized cementite", + "Martensite decomposition into ferrite and nanosized carbide precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an electronic compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials where the Fermi level lies exactly at the center of the band gap, resulting in equal numbers of electrons and holes at equilibrium.", + "A type of covalent compound where electron sharing between atoms leads to a stable electron configuration with exactly 8 valence electrons per atom.", + "Belongs to intermetallic compounds, where the electron concentration, defined as the ratio of the total number of valence electrons to the total number of atoms, is approximately 1.4 when the alloy reaches its maximum solubility.", + "Compounds formed when the electron-to-atom ratio equals 1.0, creating perfect charge neutrality in the crystal structure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does dislocation achieve plastic deformation of metal materials through movement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation movement primarily affects elastic modulus rather than plastic deformation", + "Plastic deformation occurs when dislocations reach a critical density causing lattice collapse", + "Plastic deformation is achieved through dislocation movement", + "Plastic deformation requires simultaneous dislocation movement and vacancy diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the third main mechanism of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary strengthening", + "Dislocation pinning by solute atoms", + "Strain hardening through cold working", + "Precipitation hardening via coherent phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a cubic crystal with side length L, what is the volume change rate ΔV0/V0 due to thermal expansion when the temperature increases from T1 to T2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(ΔL/L)^3", + "3 × (ΔL/L)", + "3 × α × (T2-T1)", + "α × (T2-T1)^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following characteristics are displayed by hard magnetic materials in terms of magnetization and demagnetization field requirements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Magnetization direction easily rotates with small applied fields", + "Exhibit low coercivity and high magnetic permeability", + "Demagnetization occurs spontaneously at room temperature", + "Magnetization and demagnetization require relatively high applied fields" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Would you expect \\mathrm{UO}_{2} to have the sodium chloride, zinc blende, or fluoride structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fluorite structure", + "Sodium chloride structure", + "Zinc blende structure", + "Rutile structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a nucleation agent is added to liquid pure metal, which of the following statements about its growth morphology is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dendritic growth becomes inevitable due to constitutional supercooling", + "It will always form equiaxed grains due to uniform nucleation", + "Its growth morphology will not change", + "The morphology transitions to columnar as nucleation density increases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the magnitude of the voltage generated in the Zn/Zn2+ concentration cell with Zn2+ concentrations of 1.0 M and 10^-2 M?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0592 V", + "0.0296 V", + "0.1184 V", + "0.0888 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "γ-Fe has a lattice constant α=0.3633nm slightly above 910 ℃, what is the atomic radius of γ-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1284nm", + "0.1817nm", + "0.1572nm", + "0.1048nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth is primarily driven by surface energy reduction, leading to the spontaneous formation of new grain boundaries and a decrease in average grain size during prolonged annealing.", + "Grain growth occurs through the migration of dislocations, resulting in non-uniform grain size distribution and the elimination of all porosity within the material's microstructure.", + "Grain growth is a process during heat treatment of a strain-free material where the average grain size continuously increases without altering its distribution. Within the bulk, grain sizes grow uniformly; during grain growth, pores remain at grain boundaries or their junctions.", + "During grain growth, smaller grains dissolve completely while larger grains maintain their original size, creating a bimodal grain size distribution with distinct small and large grain populations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On the curve of glass properties changing with temperature, what is the second characteristic temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tg (glass transition temperature)", + "Tr (softening temperature)", + "Td (deformation temperature)", + "Tm (melting temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron containing 0.05 % C is heated to 912 degrees C in an atmosphere that produces 1.20 % C at the surface and is held for 24 h. What is the carbon content at 0.05 cm beneath the surface if the iron is BCC?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.20 % C", + "0.95 % C", + "0.05 % C", + "0.60 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic characteristics of silicate structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Silicate frameworks are held together by metallic bonding between silicon atoms", + "Silicate structures are primarily ionic crystals with silicon always in octahedral coordination", + "All silicates exhibit perfect tetrahedral symmetry with identical Si-O bond lengths", + "The fundamental structural unit is the [SiO4] tetrahedron with Si-O bonds having significant covalent character" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the repeat unit molecular weight for polydimethylsiloxane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "92.18 g/mol", + "162.38 g/mol", + "58.08 g/mol", + "74.16 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals can be classified into seven crystal systems based on the order and number of rotation axes and rotoinversion axes. Which of the following are the missing crystal systems?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hexagonal crystal system", + "Trigonal crystal system", + "Tetragonal crystal system", + "Cubic crystal system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the bonding type of graphite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent within layers, metallic between layers", + "Covalent within layers, van der Waals between layers", + "Metallic throughout the structure", + "Ionic within layers, covalent between layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The formula for samarium iron garnet (Sm3Fe5O12) may be written in the form Sm3^aFe2^cFe3^dO12, where the superscripts a, c, and d represent different sites on which the Sm^3+ and Fe^3+ ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the Sm^3+ and Fe^3+ ions positioned in a and c sites are oriented parallel to one another and antiparallel to the Fe^3+ ions in d sites. Compute the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each Sm^3+ ion, given the following information: (1) each unit cell consists of eight formula (Sm3Fe5O12) units; (2) the unit cell is cubic with an edge length of 1.2529 nm; (3) the saturation magnetization for this material is 1.35 × 10^5 A/m; and (4) there are 5 Bohr magnetons associated with each Fe^3+ ion.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.86 bm", + "5.72 bm", + "0.72 bm", + "4.28 bm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main components of wood?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hemicellulose and pectin", + "Cellulose and hemicellulose", + "Lignin and pectin", + "Cellulose and lignin" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to \\(\\sigma(t)=\\sigma(0) \\exp \\left(-\\frac{t}{\\tau}\\right)\\), where \\(\\sigma(t)\\) and \\(\\sigma(0)\\) represent the time-dependent and initial (i.e., time =0 ) stresses, respectively, and \\(t\\) and \\(\\tau\\) denote elapsed time and the relaxation time, respectively; \\(\\tau\\) is a time-independent constant characteristic of the material. A specimen of a viscoelastic polymer whose stress relaxation obeys the equation was suddenly pulled in tension to a measured strain of 0.5; the stress necessary to maintain this constant strain was measured as a function of time. Determine \\(E_{f}(10)\\) for this material if the initial stress level was 3.5 MPa (500 psi), which dropped to 0.5 MPa (70 psi) after 30s. The correct value of \\(E_{f}(10)\\) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.61 MPa (87 psi)", + "1.83 MPa (261 psi)", + "7.32 MPa (1044 psi)", + "3.66 MPa (522 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To refine the grain of a pure aluminum part, it was cold deformed by 5% and then annealed at 650°C for 1 hour, but the structure coarsened instead. What is the reason for this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The 5% deformation was below the critical strain for recrystallization, leading to abnormal grain growth", + "The annealing temperature exceeded the melting point of pure aluminum, causing partial melting", + "Cold deformation introduced impurities that accelerated grain boundary migration", + "The 1-hour annealing time was insufficient for complete recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When an aluminum (Al) single crystal is stretched along the [123] direction to induce plastic deformation, what is the rotation law and rotation axis of the crystal during double slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The crystal rotates toward [111] with axis [1¯10], as this is the closest <110> direction to the tensile axis", + "The crystal rotates toward [112] with axis [1¯10], following Schmid's law for single slip systems", + "The crystal maintains fixed orientation while elongating, with rotation axis parallel to [123]", + "The crystal rotates toward [101] with axis [¯1¯1¯1], and toward [011] with axis [111], resulting in zero net rotation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Liquid magnesium is poured into a 2 cm × 2 cm × 24 cm mold and, as a result of directional solidification, all of the solidification shrinkage occurs along the length of the casting. What is the length of the casting immediately after solidification is completed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "23.04 cm", + "23.52 cm", + "22.56 cm", + "24.00 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the electron structure of an isolated atom differ from that of a solid material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels while solids form continuous energy bands due to atomic interactions", + "Solid materials retain the exact same electron shell structure as isolated atoms but with broader energy peaks", + "The Pauli exclusion principle only applies to isolated atoms, allowing unlimited electrons per state in solids", + "Isolated atoms exhibit band structure while solids revert to discrete atomic orbitals at macroscopic scales" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the closest packed direction in a body-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<110>", + "<111>", + "<100>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains excess interstitial atoms, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Random 3D motion", + "Positive climb", + "No climb occurs", + "Negative climb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 4Cr13?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4Cr13 is a ferritic stainless steel with 4% carbon and 13% chromium", + "4Cr13 is an austenitic stainless steel with 4% chromium and 13% nickel", + "4Cr13 is a martensitic stainless steel with 0.4% carbon and 13% chromium", + "4Cr13 is a duplex stainless steel with 0.4% chromium and 13% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for rubber?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bonding", + "Metallic bonding", + "Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding", + "van der Waals bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mass per unit volume of a material including all voids and porosity", + "The ratio of the volume occupied by atoms in a unit cell to the volume of the unit cell", + "The packing efficiency of atoms in a crystalline lattice structure", + "The theoretical maximum mass per unit volume achievable for a given atomic arrangement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for rubber?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "metallic with covalent", + "ionic with hydrogen bonding", + "covalent with some van der Waals", + "pure van der Waals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does increasing undercooling refine grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Gibbs-Thomson effect becomes dominant at high undercooling, limiting grain growth", + "Higher undercooling decreases atomic diffusion, restricting grain boundary mobility", + "Undercooling increases thermal gradient, promoting equiaxed grain formation", + "Increasing undercooling raises the nucleation rate more than the growth velocity, leading to higher N/Vg ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature (20°C), determine the order of rolling difficulty for the following ingots: pure Ti, Al, and Pb.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pb > Al > Ti", + "Al > Pb > Ti", + "Ti > Al > Pb", + "Al > Ti > Pb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes 'Jog and kink' in the context of dislocation movement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Jog and kink are temporary defects that disappear when dislocations move away from each other", + "Jog and kink are formed when a dislocation intersects with another dislocation, with kink lying on the original slip plane and jog perpendicular to it", + "Jog is a segment parallel to the Burgers vector while kink is perpendicular to it", + "Both jog and kink must lie on the same slip plane as the original dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a common method for strengthening metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dispersion strengthening", + "Increasing elastic modulus", + "Reducing dislocation density", + "Enhancing surface reflectivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for nucleation in solid-state phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The difference in free energy between the new phase and the parent phase", + "The elastic strain energy at the interface between phases", + "The activation energy for atomic diffusion across the interface", + "The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What changes occur in the properties of metal after plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yield strength increases while ductility decreases due to dislocation entanglement", + "Elastic modulus significantly increases as atomic bonds strengthen", + "Electrical conductivity improves due to grain boundary reduction", + "Thermal expansion coefficient decreases as crystal structure becomes more ordered" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For \\mathrm{UO}_{2} with fluorite structure, the packing factor is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.680", + "0.740", + "0.624", + "0.520" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Molybdenum (Mo) forms a substitutional solid solution with tungsten (W). Compute the number of molybdenum atoms per cubic centimeter for a molybdenum-tungsten alloy that contains 16.4 wt% Mo and 83.6 wt% W. The densities of pure molybdenum and tungsten are 10.22 and 19.30g/cm^3, respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.45 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "1.73 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "1.02 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "3.14 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients for silver in copper at two temperatures: T(°C) = 650, D(m2/s) = 5.5 × 10^-16 and T(°C) = 900, D(m2/s) = 1.3 × 10^-13, determine the values of D0 and Qd.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D0 = 1.3 × 10^-13 m2/s and Qd = 89,500 J/mol", + "D0 = 2.1 × 10^-6 m2/s and Qd = 145,300 J/mol", + "D0 = 7.5 × 10^-5 m2/s and Qd = 196,700 J/mol", + "D0 = 5.5 × 10^-16 m2/s and Qd = 112,400 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Branched polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 850,000 g/mol; linear polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 850,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both have identical melting points since molecular weights are equal", + "Branched polyethylene because side chains increase molecular entanglement", + "Linear polyethylene due to higher chain mobility allowing better crystal packing", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the degree of branching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes Gibbs phase rule?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "F = (C × P) / 2, where F is phase fraction, C is components, P is phases, and 2 balances the system", + "F = P - C + 2, where F is phases, C is components, P is degrees of freedom, and 2 represents enthalpy and entropy", + "F = C + P - 1, where F is free energy, C is components, P is phases, and 1 accounts for constant volume", + "F = C - P + 2, where F is degrees of freedom, C is components, P is phases, and 2 accounts for temperature and pressure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two desirable characteristics of clay minerals relative to fabrication processes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They become hydroplastic when mixed with water and melt over a range of temperatures during firing", + "They exhibit high electrical conductivity when hydrated and maintain dimensional stability at all temperatures", + "They demonstrate piezoelectric properties in raw state and transform into superconductors when fired above 1000°C", + "They show anisotropic thermal expansion in all crystallographic directions and spontaneously polymerize when exposed to moisture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a crosslinked copolymer consisting of 60 wt% ethylene and 40 wt% propylene, determine the fraction of both repeat unit types.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fraction of the ethylene repeat unit is 0.69 and the fraction of the propylene repeat unit is 0.31", + "The fraction of the ethylene repeat unit is 0.60 and the fraction of the propylene repeat unit is 0.40", + "The fraction of the ethylene repeat unit is 0.75 and the fraction of the propylene repeat unit is 0.25", + "The fraction of the ethylene repeat unit is 0.50 and the fraction of the propylene repeat unit is 0.50" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A certain metal is melted on an Al2O3 plate at high temperature. If the surface energy of Al2O3 is estimated to be 1J/m2, the surface energy of this molten metal is similar, and the interfacial energy is estimated to be about 0.3J/m2. What is the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "72.5 degrees", + "45.6 degrees", + "30.0 degrees", + "60.0 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main mechanisms of metal plastic deformation at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "phase transformation and recrystallization", + "dislocation climb and cross-slip", + "grain boundary sliding and diffusion creep", + "slip and twinning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What material is suitable for steam turbine blades?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ti-6Al-4V with 0.2% oxygen content", + "2Cr13", + "Inconel 718 aged at 760°C for 10 hours", + "Single crystal CMSX-4 superalloy with [001] orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A lightly cross-linked rubber band is stretched several times its original length and returns to its original length after the force is removed. If the stretched rubber band is placed below its glass transition temperature, what will happen to its length after the force is removed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It will partially recover due to residual entropy elasticity in the glassy state", + "It will maintain its stretched length due to frozen chain mobility below Tg", + "It will return to original length faster due to increased modulus below Tg", + "It will exhibit creep deformation until reaching equilibrium length" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polyethylene may be fluorinated by inducing the random substitution of fluorine atoms for hydrogen. For this polymer, determine the concentration of F (in wt %) that must be added to completely fluorinate the material, i.e. to produce polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Atomic weights for several elements are included in the following table: Carbon 12.01 g/mol, Chlorine 35.45 g/mol, Fluorine 19.00 g/mol, Hydrogen 1.008 g/mol, Oxygen 16.00 g/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "73.1 wt%", + "67.3 wt%", + "82.4 wt%", + "76.0 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When iron nucleates homogeneously, the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "depends on the cooling rate", + "50% dendritically and 50% planar", + "only the initial 10% occurs dendritically", + "all dendritically" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which electrode will be oxidized in an Fe/Fe2+ concentration cell with Fe2+ concentrations of 0.5 M and 2 × 10^-2 M?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No oxidation occurs because the cell is at equilibrium with identical electrodes", + "Oxidation occurs in the cell half with the higher Fe2+ concentration (0.5 M)", + "Both electrodes will oxidize equally due to iron's amphoteric nature", + "Oxidation occurs in the cell half with the lower Fe2+ concentration (2 × 10^-2 M)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes grain boundary segregation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The enrichment phenomenon of solute atoms or impurity atoms at grain boundaries due to the difference in distortion energy between the grain interior and the grain boundaries or the presence of vacancies", + "The diffusion of solute atoms from grain boundaries into the grain interior driven by chemical potential gradients", + "The formation of secondary phases at grain boundaries due to local composition exceeding solubility limits", + "The preferential oxidation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials due to higher defect density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a composite material, which phase normally has the higher elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phase with higher crystallinity", + "The phase with higher thermal conductivity", + "The phase with higher atomic packing density", + "The phase with higher crosslink density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the given corrosion data for Metal M and Hydrogen, compute the corrosion potential for this reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.340 V", + "-0.380 V", + "-0.460 V", + "-0.420 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the oxygen partial pressure is increased, what changes will occur in the density of Zn1+xO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The density first increases then decreases due to competing defect mechanisms", + "The density increases as oxygen vacancies are filled by additional oxygen", + "The density remains constant because ZnO is a stoichiometric compound", + "The density decreases due to reduction of zinc interstitial defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, which of the following is the possible defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO → CaTh' + Oi''", + "2CaO → CaTh'' + Cai'' + 2O0", + "CaO + ThO2 → CaTh'' + 2O0 + VO••", + "CaO + ThTh → CaTh' + Oi'' + VTh''''" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main strengthening mechanisms that can be employed to strengthen Al-5%Cu alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, work hardening, and grain refinement strengthening", + "Solid solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, dislocation pinning, and twinning", + "Precipitation hardening, strain hardening, Hall-Petch strengthening, and elastic modulus enhancement", + "Grain boundary sliding, solid solution hardening, precipitation strengthening, and dislocation multiplication" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Thermosetting plastics mainly have which type of molecular chains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "three-dimensional network", + "linear with occasional cross-linking", + "branched polymer chains", + "semi-crystalline lamellae" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the ionic radii of K⁺ and Cl⁻ are 0.133nm and 0.181nm respectively, and KCl has a CsCl-type structure, what is its packing fraction κ?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.524", + "0.680", + "0.785", + "0.728" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In terms of heat treatment and the development of microstructure, what is one major limitation of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram related to nonequilibrium phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diagram fails to account for the formation of pearlite under rapid cooling conditions", + "The nonequilibrium martensite does not appear on the diagram", + "The diagram inaccurately represents the solubility limit of carbon in austenite", + "The eutectoid reaction temperature is shown incorrectly for high cooling rates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ferrite is a solid solution of carbon in which type of iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ε-iron (HCP structure under high pressure)", + "γ-iron (FCC structure at high temperature)", + "δ-iron (BCC structure at very high temperature)", + "α-iron (BCC structure at room temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can metal castings refine grain size through recrystallization annealing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because recrystallization annealing can always refine grain size regardless of prior processing history", + "No, because castings lack the necessary dislocation density required for recrystallization nucleation", + "Yes, but only if the casting is first subjected to severe plastic deformation", + "No, because the high temperatures used in recrystallization annealing would cause excessive grain growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of material processing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hot isostatic pressing of titanium alloy powder at 900°C under 100MPa argon pressure", + "The {111} slip system activation in FCC aluminum single crystal under tensile stress", + "The 0.2% offset yield strength measurement of annealed copper", + "The Hall-Petch relationship observed in nanocrystalline nickel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the axial ratio c/a of an ideal close-packed hexagonal crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "√2 ≈ 1.414", + "1.633", + "4/√3 ≈ 2.309", + "2π/3 ≈ 2.094" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a continuous and oriented fiber-reinforced composite, the modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction is 19.7 GPa (2.8 x 10^5 psi). If the volume fraction of fibers is 0.25, what is the modulus of elasticity of the fiber phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "78.8 GPa (11.4 x 10^6 psi)", + "70.4 GPa (10.2 x 10^6 psi)", + "19.7 GPa (2.8 x 10^5 psi)", + "52.8 GPa (7.6 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a coordination polyhedron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The spatial arrangement of all atoms within the first Brillouin zone of a coordination compound", + "The geometric shape formed by the outermost electron orbitals of a coordination complex", + "The polyhedron defined by the Voronoi tessellation around a central atom in a crystal lattice", + "The polyhedron formed by connecting the centers of atoms or ions directly bonded to a central atom or ion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Au-Ag be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, due to identical crystal structures and similar atomic radii", + "No, because their electronegativity difference exceeds 0.4", + "Only at high temperatures due to thermal expansion effects", + "No, because gold's d-electron configuration prevents complete solubility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the closest packing of equal large spheres, what is the packing arrangement of hexagonal close packing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ABAB... stacking sequence", + "ABCABC... stacking sequence", + "ABAABA... stacking sequence with periodic twinning", + "Random stacking sequence with 60% AB layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of opaque materials in terms of their appearance and light transmittance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Opaque materials exhibit partial light transmission with wavelength-dependent absorption characteristics.", + "Opaque materials are impervious to light transmission; it is not possible to see through them.", + "Opaque materials completely block visible light but may transmit specific infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths.", + "Opaque materials scatter all incident light uniformly in all directions without any transmission." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the clay mineral kaolinite (Al2O3•2SiO2•2H2O) is heated to 600°C, it decomposes into water vapor and Al2O3•2SiO2. What happens when it is further heated to 1595°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A3S2 is formed", + "Mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2) crystallizes", + "Complete decomposition into Al2O3 and SiO2 occurs", + "Metastable γ-Al2O3 phase appears" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the melting point of Cu tm=1083°C, latent heat of fusion Lm=1.88×10^3 J/cm^3, and specific surface energy σ=1.44×10^5 J/cm^2. The critical nucleus radius for homogeneous nucleation of Cu at 853°C is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.88×10^-9 m", + "1.44×10^-9 m", + "9.03×10^-10 m", + "2.16×10^-9 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polystyrene component must not fail when a tensile stress of 1.25 MPa(180 psi) is applied. Determine the maximum allowable surface crack length if the surface energy of polystyrene is 0.50 J/ m^{2}(2.86 × 10^{-3} in.-lb_{f} / in^{2}). Assume a modulus of elasticity of 3.0 GPa(0.435 × 10^{6} psi). The maximum allowable surface crack length is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2 × 10^{-3} m (忽略表面能项)", + "3.2 × 10^{-4} m (误用剪切模量公式计算)", + "6.1 × 10^{-4} m", + "4.8 × 10^{-4} m (错误使用应力强度因子K_IC值)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes intermetallic compounds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ceramic-like compounds formed exclusively between transition metals and non-metals, characterized by ionic bonding and extremely high electrical resistivity.", + "Alloys formed by mixing two or more metals in any proportion, where the resulting material retains the crystal structure of the primary metal component and exhibits improved ductility compared to pure metals.", + "Metallic solid solutions where solute atoms randomly occupy lattice sites in the solvent metal's crystal structure, resulting in properties that are intermediate between those of the constituent elements.", + "Compounds formed between metals and metals, or between metals and certain non-metals, whose structure and composition differ from those of the pure metals forming the intermetallic compounds. They generally exhibit characteristics such as high melting points, high hardness, and significant brittleness." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The following table gives a number of yield strength values (in MPa) that were measured on the same aluminum alloy. What are the average and standard deviation yield strength values?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "265.9 MPa ± 7.34 MPa", + "267.2 MPa ± 6.89 MPa", + "263.5 MPa ± 8.12 MPa", + "269.1 MPa ± 5.97 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the conditions for forming continuous substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 8%, crystal structures must be similar but not identical, and valency difference must be compensated by vacancies", + "The atomic radius difference must exceed 8%, crystal structures can differ if lattice parameters match, and valency must be identical", + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 15%, crystal structures must be identical, and electronegativity difference must be below 0.4", + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 12%, crystal structures must be identical, and valency must be identical or charge-balanced" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of an FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. Given that the critical resolved shear stress is 0.1kgf/mm² and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215], determine the axial pressure P at the onset of double slip (without considering physical hardening). The axial pressure P is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "980N", + "1225N", + "4900N", + "2450N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the periodic table, what are the differences in atomic structure from top to bottom for elements in the same main group?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of electron shells increases, leading to greater atomic radius but constant effective nuclear charge", + "The number of valence electrons decreases while nuclear shielding increases proportionally", + "The principal quantum number increases but is offset by decreasing electronegativity", + "The core electron configuration remains identical while only valence orbitals expand" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fundamental reason for diffusion to occur in materials is ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of lattice vacancies", + "Concentration gradient exists", + "Chemical potential gradient exists", + "Thermal vibration amplitude exceeds atomic spacing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines inhibitors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Additives that reduce corrosion by consuming dissolved oxygen in the environment", + "Materials that increase the activation energy barrier for electrochemical reactions", + "Compounds that preferentially adsorb at anodic sites to block dissolution", + "Substances that decrease corrosion rates by forming protective films on metal surfaces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪些晶面属于立方晶系中的{111}晶面族？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111), (1̄11), (11̄1), (111̄)", + "(111), (1̄1̄1), (11̄1̄), (1̄11̄)", + "(111), (110), (101), (011)", + "(111), (1̄11), (11̄1), (111̄), (1̄1̄1̄)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a brass alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 345 MPa (50,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 103 GPa (15.0 x 10^6 psi). What is the maximum load that can be applied to a specimen with a cross-sectional area of 130 mm^2 (0.2 in.^2) without plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "89,700 N (20,000 lb_f)", + "13,395 N (3,000 lb_f)", + "44,850 N (10,000 lb_f)", + "53,820 N (12,000 lb_f)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the principal difference between wrought and cast alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Wrought alloys have higher ductility allowing mechanical working, while cast alloys require liquid-state processing", + "Wrought alloys contain higher carbon content which improves their forgeability compared to cast alloys", + "Cast alloys develop directional grain structures during solidification, unlike wrought alloys", + "Wrought alloys always exhibit superior corrosion resistance due to their thermomechanical processing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the type of bonding affect the hardness of crystalline materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonding creates the hardest crystals as delocalized electrons provide uniform strength in all directions", + "Ionic bonding produces the hardest materials because electrostatic forces are stronger than covalent bonds", + "Covalent bonding generally leads to the highest hardness due to directional electron sharing and strong bond energies", + "Molecular bonding can achieve comparable hardness to covalent solids when hydrogen bonds are present" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solid solution contains x(MgO) at 30% and x(LiF) at 70%. The mass fractions of Li1+, Mg2+, F1-, and O2- are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w(Li+) = 14%, w(Mg2+) = 26%, w(F-) = 42%, w(O2-) = 18%", + "w(Li+) = 16%, w(Mg2+) = 24%, w(F-) = 44%, w(O2-) = 16%", + "w(Li+) = 18%, w(Mg2+) = 22%, w(F-) = 46%, w(O2-) = 14%", + "w(Li+) = 15%, w(Mg2+) = 25%, w(F-) = 45%, w(O2-) = 15%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The radius of Mg²⁺ ion is 0.078 nm, the radius of O²⁻ ion is 0.132 nm, and the lattice constant of NaCl-type structure is the sum of the diameters of one cation and one anion. What is the calculated lattice constant?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.210 nm", + "0.420 nm", + "0.264 nm", + "0.156 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In MgO-Al2O3 and PbTiO3-PbZrO3, which pair forms an infinite solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO-Al2O3 due to their similar ionic radii and rock-salt crystal structure", + "PbTiO3-PbZrO3 because of their perovskite structure and compatible ionic sizes", + "Both pairs form infinite solid solutions under equilibrium conditions", + "Neither pair can form infinite solid solutions due to large cation size mismatch" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of grain growth process during heating of cold-deformed metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth occurs before recrystallization, resulting in a temporary increase in hardness", + "Grain growth increases dislocation density, leading to simultaneous improvements in strength and ductility", + "Grain growth eliminates all texture components while significantly increasing yield strength", + "Grain growth causes decreases in strength and toughness, while recrystallization texture develops simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When water-based substances melt into a liquid state, their volume undergoes the phenomenon of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The volume increases due to hydrogen bond breaking", + "The volume decreases as molecules pack more efficiently", + "The volume remains constant due to incompressibility of liquids", + "The volume change depends on the specific water-based substance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which electrode will be oxidized in the Zn/Zn2+ concentration cell with Zn2+ concentrations of 1.0 M and 10^-2 M?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electrode in the 1.0 M Zn2+ solution", + "The electrode in the 10^-2 M Zn2+ solution", + "Neither electrode, as it's a concentration cell", + "Both electrodes equally, due to dynamic equilibrium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose an element has a valence of 2 and an atomic number of 27. Based only on the quantum numbers, how many electrons must be present in the 3d energy level?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 electrons", + "5 electrons", + "7 electrons", + "6 electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At phase equilibrium, the number of phases in the system can be calculated using the relationship between the degrees of freedom of the system, －（9）__, and the number of external factors that can influence the equilibrium state of the system. Which of the following correctly fills in the blank (9)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "entropy of mixing", + "Gibbs free energy", + "chemical potential", + "number of components" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cold-rolled pure copper sheets, what heat treatment should be performed if further cold rolling to reduce thickness is required?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Low-temperature stress relief annealing at 200°C", + "High-temperature annealing to induce recrystallization", + "Solution treatment followed by quenching", + "Precipitation hardening at 450°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two positive edge dislocations on the same slip plane, each with a Burgers vector b, when they approach infinitely close, what is the total energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4αGb²", + "2αGb²", + "αGb²", + "8αGb²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If you were to locally heat identical geometry plates of the materials listed below with the same heat source, which would increase in temperature the fastest?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline diamond (thermal conductivity: 2000 W/mK)", + "Single-crystal graphene (in-plane thermal conductivity: 5000 W/mK)", + "Electrolytic copper (thermal conductivity: 400 W/mK)", + "Pyrolytic graphite (through-plane thermal conductivity: 10 W/mK)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the phase rule, what is the degree of freedom when the ternary system has the maximum number of equilibrium phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Three", + "One", + "Two", + "Zero" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Twinning'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning refers to the shear process in which a crystal undergoes deformation by forming twins under stress", + "Twinning is the phenomenon where two crystals grow symmetrically from a common nucleation point", + "Twinning describes the alignment of crystal lattices during solidification to minimize interfacial energy", + "Twinning occurs when dislocations rearrange to form mirror-image crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the structural model that constitutes a small-angle grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy aggregation model, where the boundary forms through clustering of point defects", + "The coincident site lattice (CSL) model, where atoms at the boundary share lattice points from both crystals", + "The amorphous transition layer model, where the boundary consists of a disordered atomic arrangement", + "The dislocation model, where the boundary is described by an array of parallel edge dislocations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the types of silicate structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Silicates are divided into the following categories: (1) silicates containing finite silicon-oxygen groups; (2) chain silicates; (3) layer silicates; (4) framework silicates", + "Silicates are classified as: (1) isolated tetrahedra; (2) single chains; (3) double chains; (4) sheets; (5) frameworks", + "The main silicate structures are: (1) orthosilicates; (2) pyrosilicates; (3) cyclic silicates; (4) inosilicates; (5) phyllosilicates; (6) tectosilicates", + "Silicates can be categorized as: (1) monomeric; (2) dimeric; (3) oligomeric; (4) polymeric" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Uphill diffusion refers to the diffusion of atoms from (28) to (29). The reason for uphill diffusion is the existence of (30) in the alloy system. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (28), (29), and (30)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "low concentration; high concentration; elastic strain field", + "high concentration; low concentration; temperature gradient", + "low concentration; high concentration; chemical potential gradient", + "high concentration; low concentration; vacancy concentration gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the classification of different reinforcement particle sizes in composite materials and their strengthening mechanisms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nanoscale particles (1~100 nm) strengthen via grain boundary sliding suppression, while micron-scale particles (1~50 μm) strengthen through crack deflection", + "All particle sizes below 100 μm strengthen primarily through the same dislocation pinning mechanism, with only efficiency differences", + "Particle-reinforced composites (1~50 μm) strengthen via load transfer, dispersion-strengthened composites (0.01~0.1 μm) via Orowan mechanism, and fine composites (submicron-nano) through Hall-Petch strengthening", + "Particles larger than 10 μm strengthen via solid solution strengthening, while smaller particles rely on precipitation hardening mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Relative to electrons and electron states, what does the mj quantum number specify?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The magnetic moment orientation relative to crystal lattice", + "The number of electron states in each electron subshell", + "The projection of total angular momentum along the quantization axis", + "The spin-orbit coupling strength of the electron" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions do common pure metals grow with a dendritic interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Always during rapid solidification processes (RSP)", + "When the solidification rate exceeds 1 mm/s regardless of thermal conditions", + "Under both positive and negative temperature gradients if constitutional supercooling exists", + "Only under negative temperature gradient conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the microscopic mechanism of diffusion, which of the following are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion and surface diffusion", + "Fickian diffusion and non-Fickian diffusion", + "Thermal diffusion and pressure diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion and vacancy diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density for BCC lithium in the (100) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0812 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0406 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.1624 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0573 x 10^16 points/cm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 20CrMnTi?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20CrMnTi is a carburizing steel with wc=0.20%, wMn=1%, wCr=0.3%, wC=1.1%, wTi=0.09%", + "20CrMnTi is a high-speed tool steel with wc=0.20%, wMn=1%, wCr=1.3%, wTi=0.09%", + "20CrMnTi is a stainless steel with wc=0.20%, wMn=1%, wCr=18%, wTi=0.09%", + "20CrMnTi is a low-alloy structural steel with wc=0.20%, wMn=1%, wCr=0.3%, wTi=0.09%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component is fabricated from an alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 45 MPa. It has been determined that this component fails at a stress of 300 MPa when the maximum length of a surface crack is 0.95 mm. What is the maximum allowable surface crack length (in mm) without fracture for this same component exposed to a stress of 300 MPa and made from another alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 100.0 MPa? The geometry factor Y is the same in both cases.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.55 mm", + "4.69 mm", + "0.42 mm", + "2.11 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The true strain experienced by this aluminum rod is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "17.82%", + "19.47%", + "21.35%", + "23.14%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A contact device is made of silver-tungsten composite material. Its production process involves first creating a porous tungsten powder metallurgy blank, then infiltrating pure silver into the pores. Before silver infiltration, the density of the tungsten compact is 14.5 g/cm³. Calculate the volume fraction of the pores. The density of pure tungsten is known to be 19.3 g/cm³. Assume the tungsten blank is very thin and all pores are open.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.31", + "0.19", + "0.25", + "0.42" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assume there is an edge dislocation with Burgers vector b in the [0-10] direction gliding along the (100) plane. If another edge dislocation with Burgers vector in the [010] direction moves through the (001) plane, will this dislocation form a kink or a jog when passing through the aforementioned dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both kink and jog", + "Jog", + "Kink", + "Neither, they will annihilate each other" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Cl- ion has an electron structure that is identical to which inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Argon", + "Neon", + "Krypton", + "Xenon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fundamental difference between ferrite and austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The key distinction is their carbon solubility limits, with ferrite dissolving <0.02 wt% C and austenite up to 2.14 wt% C", + "The fundamental difference lies in their crystal structures, with ferrite being bcc and austenite fcc", + "The primary difference is their magnetic properties, with ferrite being ferromagnetic and austenite paramagnetic", + "The essential variation is their thermal conductivity, with ferrite having higher values than austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the diffusion mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion occurs when solute atoms move through interstices, while vacancy diffusion involves atom-vacancy exchanges in substitutional solid solutions", + "Dislocation climb is the primary diffusion mechanism in crystalline materials at high temperatures", + "Grain boundary diffusion dominates in single-crystal materials due to the absence of defects", + "Surface diffusion is the fastest mechanism because it requires no activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Cr12MoV钢的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr12MoV exhibits superior toughness at cryogenic temperatures due to its bcc crystal structure", + "The high chromium content in Cr12MoV primarily improves its oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures", + "Cr12MoV achieves its hardness through precipitation hardening from vanadium carbides", + "Cr12MoV is commonly used for hot forging dies due to its excellent thermal fatigue resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{K}^*?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial calcium atom near a potassium vacancy", + "Calcium substitution in potassium sites creates a neutral defect complex", + "Calcium vacancy at potassium site with negative effective charge", + "Ca2+ occupies the K site, with a unit positive charge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the height of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.5 in", + "2.25 in", + "3.0 in", + "4.5 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A Cu-30%Zn brass cold-rolled sheet undergoes 25% cold deformation, resulting in a thickness of 1cm. What was the original thickness Lo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.25 cm", + "4/3 cm (1.333 cm)", + "1.429 cm", + "1.667 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If [m] atoms of helium pass through a [a] square meter plate area every [t] hours, and if this flux is constant with time, what is the flux of helium in units of atoms per square meter per second?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "j = [m]/([a] × [t] × 3600) atoms per square meter per second", + "j = [m] × [a] × [t]/3600 atoms per square meter per second", + "j = [m]/([a] × [t]) atoms per square meter per second", + "j = [m] × 3600/([a] × [t]) atoms per square meter per second" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best summarizes the grain boundary strengthening mechanism in the application of dislocation theory in materials science, considering the factors affecting the strength of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary strengthening primarily increases material strength by reducing the elastic modulus at the grain boundaries.", + "Grain boundary strengthening, according to the Hall-Petch formula, essentially means that additional stress is required for dislocations to cross grain boundaries.", + "The strengthening effect is due to grain boundaries acting as perfect sinks for dislocations, eliminating their movement entirely.", + "Grain size refinement strengthens materials by increasing the number of slip systems available for dislocation motion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the <100> direction of iron (bcc, a=0.286nm), what is the linear density of atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.95×10^6 atoms/mm", + "1.75×10^6 atoms/mm", + "7.00×10^6 atoms/mm", + "3.50×10^6 atoms/mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the electron magnetic moment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electron magnetic moment is solely determined by the electron's orbital angular momentum around the nucleus, analogous to classical current loops.", + "The electron magnetic moment refers to the orbital magnetic moment generated by the electron's motion around the nucleus and the spin magnetic moment produced by the electron's spin.", + "The electron magnetic moment arises exclusively from the electron's spin, with no contribution from orbital motion.", + "The electron magnetic moment is a fixed fundamental constant equal to the Bohr magneton, independent of orbital or spin contributions." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning: One of the important forms of cold plastic deformation, occurring as a uniform shear within the crystal, always along certain crystallographic planes and directions. After deformation, the deformed part and the undeformed part exhibit a mirror-symmetric orientation relationship, hence this type of plastic deformation is called twinning.", + "Twinning: A high-temperature diffusion-controlled process where atoms rearrange to form mirror-image crystal domains, commonly observed during recrystallization of metals.", + "Twinning: A defect formation mechanism where dislocations of opposite Burgers vectors combine to create a symmetrical lattice distortion, primarily occurring in FCC metals under tensile stress.", + "Twinning: An elastic deformation phenomenon where the crystal lattice temporarily distorts into mirror-symmetric configurations under applied stress, reverting upon stress removal." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect will primary cementite have on the mechanical properties of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decreases yield strength while increasing creep resistance", + "Improves both ductility and impact resistance", + "Increases hardness but reduces toughness", + "Enhances thermal conductivity without affecting mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the decrease in the system's free energy and the surface free energy in the context of the critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The surface free energy must be twice the decrease in system's free energy", + "The decrease in the system's free energy must exactly equal the surface free energy", + "The decrease in the system's free energy should compensate for 2/3 of the surface free energy", + "The decrease in system's free energy should be 1.5 times the surface free energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The three crystal zones of an ingot refer to:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "surface fine grain zone; columnar crystal zone; central equiaxed coarse grain zone", + "elastic zone; plastic zone; fracture zone", + "dendritic zone; equiaxed zone; single crystal zone", + "amorphous layer; transition layer; crystalline core" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymer materials, what is the atomic bonding between molecules (primary valence force)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bond", + "Hydrogen bond", + "Van der Waals force", + "Covalent bond" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the coordination numbers of the ions in the perovskite crystal structure of barium titanate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ba²⁺:6, Ti⁴⁺:6, O²⁻:6", + "Ba²⁺:8, Ti⁴⁺:6, O²⁻:12", + "Ba²⁺:12, Ti⁴⁺:6, O²⁻:6", + "Ba²⁺:12, Ti⁴⁺:4, O²⁻:8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the ΔG* of a cube greater than that of a sphere?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The sphere minimizes interfacial defects through isotropic growth", + "The sphere's curvature allows more efficient atomic packing at the interface", + "Cubic nuclei require additional strain energy to maintain sharp edges", + "The cube has higher surface energy due to its larger surface area to volume ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the conditions for the peptization of clay slurry is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polymerization of anions", + "Deprotonation of surface hydroxyl groups", + "Formation of hydrogen bonds between clay layers", + "Cation exchange capacity reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does chromium in stainless steels make them more corrosion resistant in many environments than plain carbon steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chromium forms a passive oxide layer that is self-repairing in the presence of oxygen", + "Chromium increases the steel's hardness which physically blocks corrosive agents", + "Chromium reacts with carbon to form chromium carbides that prevent rust nucleation", + "Chromium lowers the steel's electrical conductivity, reducing galvanic corrosion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficient of Al in Al2O3, D0(Al) = 2.8×10^-3 m^2/s, and the activation energy Q = 477 kJ/mol, what is its diffusion coefficient D at a temperature of 2000 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.8×10^-3 m^2/s", + "9.7×10^-16 m^2/s", + "4.2×10^-12 m^2/s", + "1.6×10^-19 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient D of carbon at 920°C, given the activation energy for diffusion is 133984 J/mol and D0=0.23 cm²/s. The correct value of D is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.24 × 10^-7 cm²/s", + "1.56 × 10^-6 cm²/s", + "3.12 × 10^-7 cm²/s", + "2.34 × 10^-7 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes constitutional supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Constitutional supercooling refers to the temperature fluctuation in molten metals due to convection currents during casting", + "Constitutional supercooling is caused by rapid cooling rates that prevent atomic diffusion at the solid-liquid interface", + "Constitutional supercooling occurs when solute redistribution during solidification creates a compositionally-depleted liquid zone with lower freezing point than the bulk liquid", + "Constitutional supercooling describes the phenomenon where impurities preferentially segregate to grain boundaries during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the practical significance of Gibbs phase rule?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying the phase rule can conveniently determine the degrees of freedom of an equilibrium system", + "It provides a direct method to calculate the exact composition of each phase in a system", + "The rule allows precise prediction of phase transformation kinetics under non-equilibrium conditions", + "Gibbs phase rule determines the maximum number of stable phases that can coexist in any material system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for gold?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "150°C (typical recrystallization temperature)", + "1063°C (melting point)", + "262°C (504°F)", + "400°C (common threshold for FCC metals)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what is the percentage of cementite precipitated from all primary phases relative to the total system for an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ at the eutectoid temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "22.36%", + "15.82%", + "12.48%", + "18.94%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Diffusion by which mechanism occurs more rapidly in metal alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion", + "Grain boundary diffusion", + "Surface diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of cast iron and heat treatment method should be used for ball mill liners?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Medium manganese nodular cast iron with austempering heat treatment", + "White cast iron with conventional quenching and tempering", + "Gray cast iron with stress relief annealing", + "High chromium cast iron with solution treatment and aging" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes polymorphism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Phase transformations that occur at constant chemical composition but varying temperature and pressure", + "Materials exhibiting different mechanical properties when loaded along different crystallographic directions", + "The ability of a material to exist in both crystalline and amorphous states depending on processing conditions", + "Substances with the same chemical composition can form crystals with different structures under different thermodynamic conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electron concentration factor", + "Crystal structure compatibility", + "Atomic radius difference <15%", + "Thermal expansion coefficient matching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes alloy cementite and its performance compared with cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloy cementite is a separate phase that forms alongside cementite. It has lower hardness but better toughness compared to pure cementite due to reduced carbon content.", + "Alloy cementite is formed when alloying elements dissolve into cementite. Alloy cementite has higher stability than ordinary cementite and exhibits a more significant strengthening effect on the steel matrix.", + "Alloy cementite refers to cementite with nanostructured grain boundaries. Its enhanced performance comes primarily from grain boundary strengthening rather than alloying effects.", + "Alloy cementite is formed when cementite decomposes under alloying elements. It shows reduced stability but improved ductility in the steel matrix." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a solid solution, when solute atoms and solvent atoms occupy fixed positions respectively, and the ratio of solute atoms to solvent atoms in each unit cell is constant, this ordered structure is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "substitutional solid solution", + "intermetallic compound", + "superlattice", + "interstitial solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a phase and a microconstituent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase refers to atomic arrangement, while a microconstituent describes grain boundary characteristics", + "A phase is a homogeneous portion with uniform properties, while a microconstituent is a microstructure feature that may contain multiple phases", + "A phase is defined by its mechanical properties, while a microconstituent is defined by its thermal properties", + "A phase must be visible to the naked eye, while a microconstituent requires microscopic observation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that W at 20℃ has one vacancy per 10^23 unit cells, and each unit cell contains 2 W atoms, the vacancy concentration C at 20℃ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5 × 10^-23", + "1 × 10^-23", + "2 × 10^-23", + "5 × 10^-24" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the two major categories of ceramic crystal phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline ceramics and amorphous ceramics", + "Oxide ceramics and silicate ceramics", + "Structural ceramics and functional ceramics", + "Ionic ceramics and covalent ceramics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bond predominates in oxide ceramic materials, how strong is the bonding, and thus how is their elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Predominantly covalent bonding with moderate strength, resulting in intermediate elastic modulus", + "Mixed ionic-covalent bonding with variable strength, leading to a wide range of elastic moduli", + "Predominantly ionic bonding with strong bonding, hence high elastic modulus", + "Metallic bonding characteristics with delocalized electrons, producing low elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What would be the result if carburizing of steel parts is not conducted in the γ phase region?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carburizing would proceed normally but at a slower rate due to reduced diffusion coefficients", + "Surface decarburization would occur instead of carburization due to reverse carbon diffusion", + "Carbon solubility limit would be exceeded, causing graphite precipitation throughout the material", + "Martensite formation would occur spontaneously even without subsequent quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect on lattice activation after forming a solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lattice distortion increases activation energy due to strain fields", + "The lattice maintains its original activation state with no significant change", + "The solid solution decreases activation energy by introducing defects", + "The activation state depends solely on the solute concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A simple cubic crystal has a screw dislocation with $b=[001]$ on the (100) plane. An edge dislocation with $b=[010]$ on the (001) plane intersects with it. After the intersection, what forms on the two dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocations annihilate each other", + "A jog forms on both dislocations", + "A kink forms on both dislocations", + "A kink forms on the screw dislocation and a jog forms on the edge dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effects do interfaces, surfaces, and dislocations have on atomic diffusion in metals or alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interfaces and surfaces enhance diffusion while dislocations impede it", + "Interfaces, surfaces, and dislocations act as fast diffusion paths", + "They create energy barriers that significantly slow down atomic diffusion", + "Their effects are negligible compared to bulk diffusion at all temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy having a plane strain fracture toughness of 45 MPa √m (41 ksi √in.) is exposed to a stress of 1000 MPa (145,000 psi). Will this specimen experience fracture if it is known that the largest surface crack is 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) long? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.0.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No fracture occurs because the applied stress is below the yield strength of 4340 steel", + "Fracture occurs because the critical crack length (1.2 mm) exceeds the actual crack size", + "No fracture occurs because the stress intensity factor (38 MPa√m) is below the fracture toughness", + "Fracture occurs because the specimen can only tolerate 927 MPa before fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Rhodium has an atomic radius of 0.1345nm, a density of (12.41g / {cm}^{3}) and an atomic weight of 102.91 \\mathrm{g} / mol. What is rhodium's crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simple cubic", + "BCC", + "FCC", + "HCP" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy formation energy of copper is 1.7×10⁻¹⁹ J. Calculate the average vacancy concentration C at 1000°C, given the Boltzmann constant K=1.38×10⁻²³ J/K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.25×10⁻⁴", + "6.27×10⁻⁵", + "3.14×10⁻⁵", + "2.51×10⁻⁴" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: When the grain size of annealed pure iron is 16 per mm², the yield strength σₛ = 100 MPa. When the grain size is 4096 per mm², σₛ = 250 MPa. What is the value of yield strength σₛ when the grain size is 256 per mm²?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "175 MPa", + "150 MPa", + "200 MPa", + "125 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ionic crystal structure, the distance between positive and negative ions depends on:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of positive to negative ion radii", + "The difference between positive and negative ion radii", + "The sum of positive and negative ion radii", + "The product of positive and negative ion radii multiplied by the Madelung constant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Due to the very long molecular chains, how is the relationship between secondary valence forces and primary valence forces often?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Greater than", + "Equal to", + "Less than", + "Inversely proportional to" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the three typical zones of a metal ingot structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chill zone, columnar crystal zone, and equiaxed crystal zone", + "Nucleation zone, dendritic growth zone, and homogenization zone", + "Surface zone, transition zone, and core zone", + "Deformation zone, recrystallization zone, and grain growth zone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polycrystalline ceramics, does diffusion predominantly occur along grain boundaries or through the lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface diffusion dominates in ceramics", + "Lattice diffusion (due to higher temperature stability)", + "Equally through both mechanisms", + "Grain boundaries (due to lower atomic packing density)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In ionic crystals, if Schottky defects are formed in a local region, the concentration of cation vacancies in this region is equal to .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The product of anion vacancy concentration and Frenkel defect concentration", + "The square root of anion vacancy concentration", + "Anion vacancy concentration", + "The sum of anion and cation interstitial concentrations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the closest packing of equal-sized spheres, what is the packing arrangement of cubic close packing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "AABBCC...", + "ABABAB...", + "ABCABC...", + "ABACAD..." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The midpoint of the heat capacity change during the glass transition", + "The temperature at which a polymer transitions from crystalline to amorphous state", + "The highest temperature at which a polymer exhibits the glassy state", + "The temperature where polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary role of the matrix in composite materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To provide structural rigidity by forming covalent bonds with the reinforcement", + "To fix and adhere the reinforcement while transferring loads and preventing crack propagation", + "To enhance thermal conductivity by creating continuous pathways between reinforcements", + "To increase the overall density of the composite through phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a polymer material is subjected to force, the elasticity achieved by the movement of chain segments is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The energy dissipation is primarily due to covalent bond stretching", + "The stress-strain curve shows perfect linearity up to 500% elongation", + "The elastic recovery occurs through reptation of entire polymer chains", + "The modulus remains constant regardless of strain rate or temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of ordinary ceramics is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding dominates deformation at all nanocrystalline scales", + "Dislocation motion becomes easier when grain size decreases below 1μm", + "Nanocrystalline materials always exhibit higher strength than coarse-grained counterparts", + "The Hall-Petch relationship holds for grain sizes below 100nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How are jogs generally formed on dislocation lines?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intersection of dislocations", + "Thermal vibration-induced kink formation", + "Local stress concentration exceeding Peierls barrier", + "Dislocation climb due to vacancy diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At temperatures between 540^{\\circ} C(813 K) and 727^{\\circ} C(1000 K), the activation energy and preexponential for the diffusion coefficient of \\mathrm{Na}^{+}in \\mathrm{NaCl} are 173,000 J/ mol and 4.0 × 10^{-4} m^{2} / s, respectively. Compute the mobility for an \\mathrm{Na}^{+}ion at 600^{\\circ} C(873 K).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.81 × 10^{-11} m^{2}/V-s", + "3.72 × 10^{-12} m^{2}/V-s", + "1.56 × 10^{-14} m^{2}/V-s", + "2.34 × 10^{-13} m^{2}/V-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the first main mechanism of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Grain boundary strengthening", + "Dislocation multiplication", + "Precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the concentration distribution of the diffusing component, what are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy and interstitial diffusion", + "Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion", + "Self-diffusion and interdiffusion", + "Thermal and chemical diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the mechanism of solid solution strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening is primarily caused by solute atoms reducing the stacking fault energy of the matrix", + "Solid solution strengthening occurs when solute atoms increase the overall elastic modulus of the crystal lattice", + "Solid solution strengthening results from the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms, namely the Cottrell atmosphere hindering dislocation motion", + "Solid solution strengthening arises from solute atoms creating new grain boundaries that impede dislocation movement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains the difference between oxidation and reduction electrochemical reactions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Oxidation decreases atomic radius while reduction increases atomic radius, due to electron transfer", + "Oxidation is the formation of metal oxides while reduction is the decomposition of metal oxides", + "Oxidation occurs at the cathode while reduction occurs at the anode in electrochemical cells", + "Oxidation involves electron loss while reduction involves electron gain, with the oxidized species increasing its oxidation state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists at the tip of an internal crack having a radius of curvature of 1.9 × 10^{-4} mm (7.5 × 10^{-6} in.) and a crack length of 3.8 × 10^{-2} mm (1.5 × 10^{-3} in.) when a tensile stress of 140 MPa (20,000 psi) is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1400 MPa (200,000 psi)", + "2800 MPa (400,000 psi)", + "5600 MPa (800,000 psi)", + "700 MPa (100,000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interfacial energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=2090 J/cm^3 at 900°C, the energy required for the phase transition is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.59×10^-19 J", + "6.48×10^-19 J", + "1.62×10^-19 J", + "3.24×10^-19 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a ceramic oxide, in which temperature range does the extrinsic vacancy diffusion mechanism dominate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Across all temperature ranges, as vacancy diffusion is temperature-independent", + "At intermediate temperatures, where both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms contribute equally", + "At high temperatures, where thermal energy overcomes intrinsic defect formation energy", + "At low temperatures, where impurity concentrations control vacancy formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'intrinsic' as it pertains to semiconducting materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A pure semiconductor with equal numbers of electrons and holes at thermal equilibrium", + "A semiconductor with intentionally added impurities to modify its electrical properties", + "A material whose conductivity increases with temperature due to lattice vibrations", + "A semiconductor exhibiting both n-type and p-type characteristics simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two parallel screw dislocations, when their Burgers vectors are in the same direction, the interaction force between them is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The force is zero because screw dislocations do not interact elastically", + "Repulsive, as the strain fields of like-signed dislocations overlap", + "Attractive, due to the reduction in elastic strain energy", + "Depends on the crystal structure's Poisson ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares white and nodular cast irons with respect to mechanical characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "White iron--Extremely hard and brittle. Nodular cast iron--Moderate strength and ductility", + "White iron--High toughness and impact resistance. Nodular cast iron--Low thermal conductivity", + "White iron--Excellent machinability. Nodular cast iron--High hardness and wear resistance", + "White iron--High ductility and fracture toughness. Nodular cast iron--Low elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does bending a lead plate at room temperature initially make it harder, but after some time, it becomes as soft as it was initially?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation pile-up creates initial resistance, but lead's high stacking fault energy allows rapid recovery", + "Elastic deformation causes temporary hardening, then stress relaxation returns lead to its original state", + "Work hardening increases dislocation density, followed by room temperature recrystallization due to lead's low melting point", + "Twinning formation during bending increases hardness, but lead's FCC structure enables easy detwinning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main strengthening mechanisms that may be employed to strengthen the Al-5%Al2O3 composite material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "work hardening, fine grain strengthening, and dispersion strengthening", + "solid solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, and twinning", + "strain rate sensitivity, texture strengthening, and phase transformation", + "Hall-Petch strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and thermal expansion mismatch" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the crystallization structures in Ni-Cu alloy castings with uneven thickness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Microstructure is identical in both sections due to identical chemical composition", + "Both sections develop dendritic structures, but thin sections show finer dendrites due to higher cooling rates", + "Thick sections form cellular structures from constitutional supercooling, while thin sections develop equiaxed grains", + "Thin sections form cellular structures due to faster heat dissipation, while thick sections develop dendritic structures from slower cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two important refinements resulting from the wave-mechanical atomic model?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electron position can be precisely determined, and their energy is quantized into shells only", + "Electrons move in fixed circular orbits, and their energy levels are continuous", + "Electron position is described in terms of a probability distribution, and electron energy is quantized into both shells and subshells", + "Electrons exhibit both particle and wave nature, but their positions are fixed in space" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a copper crystal, when the a/2[101] dislocation on the (111) plane reacts with the a/2[011] dislocation on the (11-1) plane, which of the following describes the nature of the new dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The new dislocation b=a/2[110] is a unit edge dislocation with slip plane (001), making it sessile", + "The new dislocation b=a[110] is a perfect screw dislocation that can glide on both (111) and (11-1) planes", + "The reaction produces a mixed dislocation with Burgers vector a/6[112] that can cross-slip between the original planes", + "No stable dislocation forms as the reaction is energetically unfavorable in copper's FCC structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the movement of dislocations on the slip plane called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding", + "Twinning", + "Dislocation climb", + "Slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A beam of light is shined on a thin (sub-millimeter thick) single crystal wafer of material. The light source is special since it can be tuned to provide any wavelength of visible light on demand. The specimen is illuminated such that the frequency of light is decreased over time while the transmitted intensity of the light is measured. If the sample becomes transparent when the frequency is less than [F] THz, what is the band gap of the material, in eV? Assume that an intrinsic excitation of electrons is responsible for the absorption.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.998 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "1.239 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "6.582 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "4.135 × 10^{-3} [F] eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics and mechanisms of work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening is the strengthening caused by the multiplication of dislocations due to plastic deformation.", + "Work hardening occurs when elastic deformation leads to atomic bond stretching, increasing the material's resistance to further deformation.", + "Work hardening results from the reduction of grain boundaries during plastic deformation, which decreases dislocation mobility.", + "Work hardening is primarily caused by the formation of new crystalline phases during mechanical loading." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which type of diffusion problem does Fick's first law apply?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Steady-state diffusion", + "Non-steady-state diffusion with time-dependent boundary conditions", + "Anisotropic diffusion in single crystals", + "Concentration-dependent diffusivity systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hall-Petch equation σ=σ₀+kd⁻¹/², given that when annealed for 30 minutes σ=112MPa, d=23μm, and when annealed for 60 minutes σ=103MPa, d=32.5μm, which of the following are the correct values of the constants σ₀ and k?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "σ₀ = 48.6MPa, k = 305MPa·mm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 72.1MPa, k = 198MPa·μm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 55.3MPa, k = 272MPa·μm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 63.8MPa, k = 225MPa·μm⁻¹/²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 700°C, what is the proportion of atoms with sufficient energy according to the Arrhenius equation, given ln A = -2.92, E = 2.14×10^(-19) J, k = 1.38×10^(-23) J/K, and T = 973 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9×10^(-7)", + "1.2×10^(-8)", + "3×10^(-10)", + "6×10^(-9)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in diffusion coefficients between hydrogen and nickel in face-centered cubic iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both elements diffuse at similar rates since their diffusion coefficients are primarily determined by the iron host lattice properties", + "Nickel diffuses faster because its similar atomic size to iron reduces lattice strain energy during substitutional diffusion", + "Hydrogen diffuses faster due to its smaller atomic radius enabling interstitial diffusion, while nickel moves via slower vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Hydrogen diffuses slower because its high electronegativity creates strong bonds with iron atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains interstitial atoms below the equilibrium concentration, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No climb occurs", + "Negative climb", + "Positive climb", + "Lateral slip instead of climb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A crystal plane has intercepts of 2a, 3b, and 6c on the X, y, and z axes respectively. What are the Miller indices of this crystal plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)", + "(632)", + "(123)", + "(321)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is one of the main factors that determines the concentration of component defects?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal expansion coefficient", + "Crystallographic orientation", + "Surface roughness", + "Doping amount" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of dislocations on the nucleation of the second phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations inhibit second phase nucleation by creating local compressive stress fields that raise the activation energy barrier", + "Dislocations act as preferential nucleation sites by providing strain energy relief and atomic-scale irregularities for heterogeneous nucleation", + "Dislocations have no significant effect on nucleation as their strain fields are negligible compared to thermal fluctuations at typical processing temperatures", + "Dislocations only affect nucleation in ionic crystals where their charged nature creates electrostatic interactions with precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cases where the concentration gradient changes over time, which of the following statements about the first law of diffusion is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The first law remains unchanged but requires using instantaneous concentration gradient values.", + "The first law of diffusion is strictly only applicable to steady-state diffusion conditions.", + "The first law of diffusion can also be applied to non-steady-state diffusion, but it must be modified.", + "The first law becomes invalid and must be replaced with the second law of diffusion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly identifies the error and correction in the concept: 'In the Fe-Fe3C system alloys, only hypereutectoid steels have secondary cementite in their equilibrium crystallization structure.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The statement is incorrect because both hypereutectoid and hypoeutectoid steels can form secondary cementite during equilibrium crystallization.", + "The error is in the carbon content range - secondary cementite appears in alloys with 0.0218 < w_c < 0.77, not just hypereutectoid steels.", + "Only hypereutectoid steels (w_c > 0.77) form secondary cementite, but it precipitates from austenite, not during equilibrium crystallization.", + "The statement is correct as written - only hypereutectoid steels develop secondary cementite in their equilibrium structure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the alloying direction of high-temperature structural steel and room-temperature structural steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Room-temperature steel uses more alloying elements overall to compensate for lack of thermal stabilization", + "Both types primarily use carbon content variation for property control, with minimal alloying differences", + "High-temperature steel requires rare earth elements for grain refinement, unlike room-temperature steel", + "High-temperature steel prioritizes thermal stability elements (Cr, Mo) while room-temperature steel focuses on strength/toughness enhancers (Mn, Ni)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of an extended dislocation in Cu. Given: lattice constant of Cu a = 0.361 nm, shear modulus G = 5×10^6 N/cm^2, stacking fault energy γ_I = 45×10^-6 J/m^2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.84×10^-6 m", + "1.92×10^-6 m", + "9.61×10^-7 m", + "4.80×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do primitive, face-centered, and body-centered lattices exist in the cubic system, but not base-centered lattices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Base-centering is mathematically equivalent to face-centering in cubic systems", + "Base-centered arrangement would destroy the cubic unit cell's equal edge lengths", + "Base-centered cubic violates the minimum symmetry requirement of four 3-fold rotation axes", + "The packing fraction of base-centered cubic would exceed the theoretical maximum" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the heat treatment process for both hot work die steel and alloy quenched and tempered steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "quenching + low temperature tempering", + "normalizing + annealing", + "solution treatment + aging", + "quenching + high temperature tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the nature of the surface stresses for heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tensile, as the heated surface layer contracts relative to the bulk", + "Compressive, due to greater thermal expansion at the surface", + "Shear-dominant, caused by anisotropic thermal expansion gradients", + "Neutral, as thermal stresses cancel out through thickness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals can be classified into (1) crystal families, (2) crystal systems according to symmetry, with a total of (3) point groups and (4) space groups. The correct numbers are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) 3; (2) 7; (3) 32; (4) 230", + "(1) 7; (2) 14; (3) 32; (4) 230", + "(1) 3; (2) 7; (3) 14; (4) 230", + "(1) 7; (2) 7; (3) 32; (4) 230" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The maximum solid solubility (mole fraction) of carbon in γ-Fe is x_C=8.9×10^-2. Given that C atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites, what is the percentage of octahedral interstitial sites occupied by C atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "17.8%", + "8.9%", + "10.2%", + "4.45%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the interaction between water and clay, what can be formed around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Firmly bound water", + "Diffuse double layer", + "Hydrogen-bonded network", + "Electric double layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 0.93 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.07 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.85 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.15 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.97 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.03 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.89 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.11 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements accurately describes the investment casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Investment casting employs reusable multi-piece molds, achieves moderate surface finish, and allows for high production rates due to rapid mold cycling.", + "For investment casting, a single-piece mold is used, which is not reusable; it results in high dimensional accuracy, good reproduction of detail, and a fine surface finish; and casting rates are low.", + "The investment casting process uses ceramic molds that can be reused up to 5 times, provides excellent dimensional control for large castings, but requires post-casting machining for fine details.", + "In investment casting, the wax pattern is surrounded by a permanent metal mold, enabling both high production rates and exceptional surface finish simultaneously." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the closest packing principle, the higher the space utilization, the more stable the structure. The space utilization of the diamond structure is very low (only 34.01%), why is it also very stable?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diamond structure's stability comes from its high coordination number (12 nearest neighbors)", + "Covalent bonds in diamond are much stronger than metallic/ionic bonds, compensating for low packing efficiency", + "The low packing density creates void spaces that relieve internal stresses", + "Diamond's stability is kinetic rather than thermodynamic, maintained by high activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why in short-fiber composites with $L slip becomes active to accommodate c-axis strain", + "No plastic deformation occurs, only elastic deformation until fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the law of solid solubility of specific group elements in the Hume-Rothery rules?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum solid solubility occurs when the valence electron concentration reaches 1.36 for all transition metal alloys", + "Elements with similar atomic radii show complete solid solubility when their electronegativity difference is less than 0.4", + "The solid solubility of solute elements from groups 11B to VB in solvent elements of group IB is the same (θ/a=1.36), regardless of the specific element types", + "Group IB elements can dissolve up to 15 at.% of any element from groups 11B to VB due to their identical crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.25-in.-thick copper plate is to be cold worked 63%. The final thickness is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1575 in.", + "0.1375 in.", + "0.0625 in.", + "0.0925 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fourth criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Economics", + "Material ductility", + "Environmental conditions", + "Manufacturing tolerances" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Pauling's rules apply to which of the following crystal structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "covalent", + "ionic", + "metallic", + "molecular" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of diffusion does the homogenization of intracrystalline segregation during diffusion annealing belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "grain boundary diffusion", + "self-diffusion", + "vacancy diffusion", + "interdiffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a polymer-matrix fiber-reinforced composite, which of the following correctly compares the desired mechanical characteristics of matrix and fiber phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both phases must exhibit high stiffness, but the matrix should have higher fracture toughness than the fibers.", + "The matrix phase must be ductile and is usually relatively soft, whereas the fiber phase must be stiff and strong.", + "The fiber phase should have lower elastic modulus than the matrix to ensure proper stress transfer.", + "Matrix and fiber phases should have nearly identical thermal expansion coefficients to prevent interfacial failure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For noncubic crystals, the index of refraction is lowest in the crystallographic direction that has the", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Highest atomic packing density", + "Lowest atomic packing density", + "Direction parallel to the c-axis", + "Direction with the highest elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between slip and twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs at lower stresses than twinning in all crystalline materials", + "Slip preserves crystal orientation whereas twinning creates mirror-image lattice regions", + "Slip involves dislocation motion while twinning requires coordinated atomic shuffling", + "Slip produces macroscopic shape change while twinning only affects microscopic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum wire with a length of 5 m and a diameter of 3 mm is subjected to a tensile force of 200 N. Given that the elastic modulus of aluminum is 70 GPa, what is the total length of the wire under this force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5001.43 mm", + "5002.02 mm", + "5000.00 mm", + "5002.47 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a continuous and oriented fiber-reinforced composite, the modulus of elasticity in the transverse direction is 3.66 GPa (5.3 x 10^5 psi). If the volume fraction of fibers is 0.25, what is the modulus of elasticity of the matrix phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.79 GPa (4.04 x 10^5 psi)", + "3.66 GPa (5.3 x 10^5 psi)", + "4.88 GPa (7.08 x 10^5 psi)", + "1.83 GPa (2.65 x 10^5 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a line defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Two-dimensional defect characterized by abrupt changes in atomic arrangement, such as grain boundaries", + "One-dimensional defect, with very small dimensions in the other two directions, for example, dislocation", + "Point defect involving substitutional impurities in the crystal lattice", + "Three-dimensional defect formed by vacancy clusters exceeding critical size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the structural differences between crystalline SiO2, SiO2 glass, silica gel, and SiO2 melt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline SiO2 exhibits long-range order in all dimensions, while SiO2 glass shows short-range order only. Silica gel has a mesoporous structure, and SiO2 melt displays complete structural disorder.", + "All forms show the same tetrahedral SiO4 units, differing only in packing density: crystalline (highest), glass (medium), melt (low), and gel (variable).", + "Crystalline SiO2—particles are arranged regularly in three-dimensional space, exhibiting anisotropy; SiO2 glass—isotropic; silica gel—loose and porous; SiO2 melt—internal structure is framework-like, with short-range order and long-range disorder.", + "The key difference lies in bond angles: crystalline (perfect 109.5°), glass (slightly distorted), melt (random), and gel (partially hydrolyzed with varying angles)." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the cause of the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of continuous cementite networks at prior austenite grain boundaries", + "Precipitation of discontinuous thin-shell-like carbides along martensite interfaces during decomposition", + "Segregation of phosphorus and sulfur impurities to grain boundaries during slow cooling", + "Retention of excessive retained austenite after tempering below 300°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch without any magnification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "640000 grains/in.^2", + "160000 grains/in.^2", + "320000 grains/in.^2", + "80000 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Germanium (Ge) forms a substitutional solid solution with silicon (Si). What weight percent of germanium must be added to silicon to yield an alloy that contains 2.43 × 10^{21} Ge atoms per cubic centimeter, given the densities of pure Ge and Si are 5.32 and 2.33 g/cm³, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.3 wt%", + "11.7 wt%", + "15.2 wt%", + "6.9 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The equilibrium solubility of Fe3C in α-Fe measured by internal friction method is given by C=0.736exp(-4850/T), where T is the temperature. Determine the equilibrium solubility of Fe3C in α-Fe at 627°C (i.e., 900K).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.36×10^-3", + "4.85×10^-3", + "0.736×10^-3", + "9.00×10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a green body with an initial particle size of 5μm. After sintering for 2h, x/r=0.1. If sintering proceeds until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when material transport is dominated by viscous flow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2h", + "4h", + "8h", + "16h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does constitutional supercooling affect the growth morphology of solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "With a large degree of constitutional supercooling, dendritic crystals form", + "Constitutional supercooling promotes planar growth front stability", + "It causes isotropic spherical crystal growth regardless of supercooling degree", + "Constitutional supercooling leads to amorphous phase formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and normal pressure, mercury with a radius of $10~\\mathrm{^{-3}}\\mathrm{m}$ is dispersed into small mercury droplets with a radius of $10^{-9}\\mathrm{m}$. The surface tension of mercury at $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is $0.47\\mathrm{N/m}$. Calculate the work required for this process.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "470 mN/m", + "5.9 kJ", + "0.47 J", + "59 W" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is there no bainite transformation region on the continuous cooling transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cooling rate required for bainite formation is always slower than the critical rate for pearlite suppression in eutectoid alloys", + "Bainite formation requires carbon diffusion distances that cannot be achieved during continuous cooling of eutectoid compositions", + "The austenite-to-bainite transformation is thermodynamically forbidden at eutectoid composition", + "The bainite start temperature coincides with the pearlite finish temperature in eutectoid steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of steady state as it applies to diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Steady-state diffusion occurs when the concentration gradient remains constant over time, resulting in a time-independent diffusion flux", + "Steady-state diffusion is achieved when the diffusion coefficient becomes independent of temperature according to Arrhenius equation", + "Steady-state diffusion refers to the condition where the diffusing species completely saturate the host material, stopping further diffusion", + "Steady-state diffusion describes the situation where Fick's first law transforms into Fick's second law through mathematical derivation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After welding A and A-B alloy, the Kirkendall effect occurs, and the interface is measured to move towards the A sample. Then", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy flux is dominated by A atoms diffusing into the A-B alloy", + "The vacancy flux is dominated by B atoms diffusing into pure A", + "The interdiffusion coefficient is negative in this system", + "The marker velocity is proportional to the square of the concentration gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the prime reason for fabricating laminar composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To maximize the through-thickness thermal conductivity", + "To achieve high strength in all directions within the plane of the laminate", + "To create anisotropic properties with maximum strength along the fiber direction", + "To minimize interfacial bonding strength between layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy, which of the following is the primary microconstituent that forms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ledeburite", + "proeutectoid cementite", + "pearlite", + "primary α-ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The melt is a mixture of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for {111}<110> slip in FCC metals at 0K", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC metals at 0K", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal (G/2π)", + "The Orowan stress for dislocation bypassing nanoscale precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the reinforcement mechanism of fiber-reinforced composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The matrix material develops crystalline structures around fibers that enhance overall stiffness through phase transformation", + "The high-strength fibers primarily bear the load while the matrix transfers stress, with interfacial bonding ensuring load transfer efficiency", + "Fiber-matrix thermal expansion mismatch creates compressive stresses that improve fracture toughness", + "Fiber alignment induces anisotropic electron cloud polarization that reinforces covalent bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form a substitutional solid solution having complete solubility with copper, considering the criteria of atomic radii difference less than ±15%, same crystal structure, similar electronegativities, and same or nearly the same valences?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Co, Fe, Cr", + "Ag, Al, Zn", + "Ni, Pd, Pt", + "O, H, C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a polymer material is subjected to force, the elasticity achieved by the elongation of bond length is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The molecular chains undergo complete elastic recovery after yielding", + "The hysteresis loop area represents stored elastic energy", + "The stress-strain curve shows perfect linearity up to fracture", + "The energy dissipation is primarily due to covalent bond breakage" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fused silica (amorphous SiO2)", + "Quartz (crystalline SiO2) along the c-axis", + "Polycrystalline alumina with 95% density", + "Single crystal diamond along <100> direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the centers of sodium ions at the nearest identical positions in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.556nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.393nm", + "0.181nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solid solution contains x(MgO) at 30% and x(LiF) at 70%. If the density of MgO is 3.6 g/cm3 and the density of LiF is 2.6 g/cm3, what is the density of this solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.9 g/cm3", + "3.1 g/cm3", + "2.7 g/cm3", + "3.3 g/cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 700°C (973K), the enrichment rate of sulfur at the grain boundaries of iron is 7170. The bonding energy between sulfur atoms and iron is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "143.6 kJ/mol and 1.48 eV", + "35.9 kJ/mol and 0.37 eV", + "71.8 kJ/mol and 0.74 eV", + "179.5 kJ/mol and 1.86 eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "ZnS has the zinc blende structure. If the density is 3.02 g/cm3 and the lattice parameter is 0.59583 nm, the number of Schottky defects per unit cell is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0535 defects per unit cell", + "0.107 defects per unit cell (assuming Frenkel defects instead of Schottky)", + "0.0268 defects per unit cell (using atomic weight of Zn instead of formula unit)", + "0.0421 defects per unit cell (neglecting the 4 formula units per unit cell in zinc blende)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ternary alloy with mass fractions of 40% A, 30% B, and 30% C forms a three-phase equilibrium at the eutectic temperature. The compositions of the three phases are as follows: liquid phase (50% A, 40% B, 10% C), α phase (85% A, 10% B, 5% C), and β phase (10% A, 20% B, 70% C). What are the fractions of the liquid phase, α phase, and β phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "L% = 50%, α% = 25%, β% = 25%", + "L% = 57.4%, α% = 10%, β% = 32.6%", + "L% = 40%, α% = 30%, β% = 30%", + "L% = 62.5%, α% = 12.5%, β% = 25%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can the network cementite in hypereutectoid steel be eliminated by heating above Ac cm followed by quenching and subsequent treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating above Ac cm followed by quenching results in martensite and retained austenite, which is then tempered at high temperature to obtain spheroidized pearlite", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by rapid air cooling transforms the network cementite into fine pearlite structure", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by isothermal holding at just below eutectoid temperature allows complete dissolution of cementite", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by controlled cooling at 50°C/hour promotes cementite spheroidization without quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 17°C, the solubility of large particles of 1,2-dinitrobenzene in water is 0.0059 mol/L, and the interfacial tension between 1,2-dinitrobenzene solid and the solution is 0.0257 N/m. The solubility of 1,2-dinitrobenzene with a diameter of 10^-8 m in water is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.017 mol/L", + "0.0059 mol/L", + "0.029 mol/L", + "0.0035 mol/L" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can a material have an index of refraction less than unity? Why or why not?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, near absorption resonances where the phase velocity can exceed c", + "Yes, in metamaterials with engineered negative permittivity and permeability", + "No, because the speed of light in a material cannot exceed its speed in vacuum", + "No, because all materials slow down electromagnetic waves" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it reasonable to use Q235 steel after quenching and tempering treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because tempering can refine the grain structure and improve toughness", + "No, because the low carbon content prevents significant hardness improvement", + "Yes, because quenching will dramatically increase yield strength regardless of composition", + "No, because the high sulfur content causes temper brittleness during heat treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 15h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.35 wt% at a point 2.0mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.0-mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "135 h", + "45 h", + "5 h", + "405 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "inversely proportional to the square root of temperature", + "directly proportional to the band gap energy", + "exponentially dependent on the Fermi level position", + "linearly related to the density of states at the conduction band edge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If O:Si ≈ 2.5 is the criterion for glass-forming tendency, what is the maximum amount of Na2O that can form a glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/2", + "1/3", + "2/5", + "1/4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Tensile deformation is applied along the [123] direction of an aluminum (Al) single crystal to induce plastic deformation. Which of the following correctly describes the rotation rule and rotation axis?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [101], and the rotation axis is [12¯3]×[10¯1]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [111], and the rotation axis is [123]×[111]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [101], and the rotation axis is [123]×[101]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [111], and the rotation axis is [12¯3]×[10¯1]=[¯1¯1¯1]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of BCC iron is 7.882 g/cm³ and the lattice parameter is 0.2886 nm when hydrogen atoms are introduced at interstitial positions. The atomic fraction of hydrogen atoms is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.004", + "0.008", + "0.012", + "0.016" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). How many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.83 kg ferrite and 0.17 kg cementite", + "0.85 kg ferrite and 0.15 kg cementite", + "0.80 kg ferrite and 0.20 kg cementite", + "0.77 kg ferrite and 0.23 kg cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the number of atomic clusters containing 60 atoms in 1cm³ of copper at its melting point temperature, given the atomic volume of liquid copper is 1.6×10⁻²⁹m³, the surface energy is 0.177J/m², and the melting point is 1356K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.24×10¹⁵ cm⁻³", + "1.45×10⁶ cm⁻³", + "5.82×10⁻² cm⁻³", + "2.91×10³ cm⁻³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the mechanical states of high polymers with larger molecular weight that are not completely crystalline?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline state", + "High elastic state", + "Glassy state", + "Viscous flow state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the movement of dislocations perpendicular to the slip plane called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Glide", + "Cross-slip", + "Climb", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron carbide Fe3C is an orthorhombic intermetallic compound with lattice constants of a=0.4514nm, b=0.5080nm, c=0.6734nm, and a density of 7.65g/cm³. Determine the number of iron and carbon atoms in the unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 C atoms and 24 Fe atoms", + "2 C atoms and 6 Fe atoms", + "4 C atoms and 12 Fe atoms", + "1 C atom and 3 Fe atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The driving force for atomic diffusion is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Concentration gradient of components", + "Temperature gradient", + "Chemical potential gradient of components", + "Electrochemical potential gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Most solid-phase reactions are in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The reaction rate is determined by the activation energy of chemical bonds", + "The reaction rate is controlled by the slowest diffusing species", + "The reaction occurs at the interface between two phases", + "The reaction rate follows Arrhenius temperature dependence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the two most closely packed arrangements of equal-sized spheres?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simple hexagonal (60%) and rhombohedral (70%) packing sequences", + "Body-centered cubic (68%) and face-centered cubic (74%) arrangements", + "Cubic closest packing (ABCABC...) and hexagonal closest packing (ABAB...) with identical packing density of 74%", + "Tetragonal (63%) and orthorhombic (65%) packing configurations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By adding $20\\%\\mathrm{B}_{2}0_{3}$ to $\\mathrm{Si0_{2}}$, what is the $0:\\mathrm{Si}$ ratio of the melt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.60", + "2.20", + "1.86", + "2.00" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Mo-Ta be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, due to significant differences in valence electron concentration", + "No, because their electronegativity difference exceeds 15%", + "Only at high temperatures where diffusion overcomes size mismatch", + "Yes, due to identical crystal structures and nearly identical atomic radii" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is not graphitized, what type of cast iron structure is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+G (graphite)", + "F+P (ferrite + pearlite)", + "P (pearlite)", + "F+G (ferrite + graphite)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the vibration frequency of atoms around a vacancy in Cu is 1×10¹³ s⁻¹, ΔEv is 0.15×10⁻¹⁸ J, and exp(ΔSm/k) is approximately 1, what is the migration frequency of vacancies at 700K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.165×10⁷ s⁻¹", + "1.082×10⁷ s⁻¹", + "4.330×10⁷ s⁻¹", + "1.000×10¹³ s⁻¹" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure with point group L6L27PC belongs to the crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion is always lower than interstitial diffusion in FCC metals", + "The Peierls stress in BCC metals is typically higher than in FCC metals due to their more open crystal structure", + "Twin boundary migration in HCP metals occurs at lower temperatures than in FCC metals because of their lower stacking fault energy", + "Grain boundary sliding is the dominant deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline materials at all temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical length Lc of β-SiC whiskers, given a diameter of 0.5μm, tensile strength of 70000MPa, and interfacial shear strength τy approximated by the matrix yield strength of 76MPa. The critical length Lc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "115.1μm", + "230.3μm", + "920.8μm", + "460.5μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of a material property?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch coefficient for nanocrystalline copper", + "The stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel", + "The recrystallization temperature of cold-worked aluminum", + "The critical resolved shear stress for magnesium single crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the anti-friction properties of HT150 and annealed 20 steel:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has better anti-friction properties due to its higher graphite content", + "20 steel shows superior anti-friction performance after annealing due to carbide precipitation", + "Both materials exhibit similar anti-friction properties as they have comparable hardness", + "HT150 performs worse due to its lower yield strength compared to 20 steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A large-particle composite consisting of tungsten particles within a copper matrix is prepared with volume fractions of tungsten and copper as 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. Using the given data, what is the upper limit for the specific stiffness of this composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32.7 GPa", + "24.8 GPa", + "15.6 GPa", + "19.0 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in-plane", + "Single crystal diamond (Type IIa) along <111> direction", + "Single crystal copper (99.999%) along <100> direction", + "Polycrystalline aluminum nitride (99.5% purity)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal with finer grains has (16)_ strength and hardness compared to the same metal with coarser grains", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "higher", + "lower", + "equal", + "depends on dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following sequences correctly describes the typical processes of aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 3) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 4) Formation of stable θ phase", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 3) Formation of stable θ phase. 4) Coarsening of θ precipitates", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 3) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 4) Formation of stable θ phase", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 3) Formation of stable θ phase. 4) Coarsening of θ precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are causes of secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "presence of trace oxygen impurities during sintering", + "uneven particle size distribution in the initial powder", + "application of external magnetic field during processing", + "exceeding the theoretical density limit during compaction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a doped semiconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A semiconductor with precisely controlled impurity concentrations that alter its charge carrier concentrations without changing its crystal structure", + "A semiconductor where foreign atoms replace lattice sites to create additional energy levels near the conduction or valence band edges", + "A semiconductor formed by alloying two different pure semiconductors to achieve intermediate bandgap properties", + "A semiconductor whose conductivity is enhanced by introducing defects through mechanical deformation rather than chemical impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 55Si2Mn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "55Si2Mn is a stainless steel with 0.55% C, 1.5% Si, and 2% Mn", + "55Si2Mn is a tool steel with 0.55% C, 2% Si, and 1% Mn", + "55Si2Mn is a structural steel containing 55% Si and 2% Mn", + "55Si2Mn is a spring steel, wc=0.55%, ws=1.75%, WMn=0.75%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role and mechanism of particle (granular) reinforcement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Particle reinforcement works by dissolving reinforcement particles into the matrix at high temperatures, creating solid solution strengthening similar to alloying elements.", + "Nanoscale particles below 100 nm primarily strengthen materials by forming covalent bonds with the matrix, creating a continuous network structure that carries most of the applied load.", + "Hard particles with a diameter of 1~50 μm are added to the matrix. The particles can bear part of the load, but the matrix bears the main load. The particles restrict the deformation of the matrix through mechanical constraint.", + "Large particles above 100 μm act as stress concentrators that initiate cracks, but their random distribution statistically improves toughness through crack deflection mechanisms." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-3%Si alloy containing MnS particles with a radius of 0.05μm and a volume fraction of 0.01, during the annealing process below 850°C, when the average grain diameter of the matrix reaches 6μm, normal grain growth stops. What is the reason for this phenomenon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical grain boundary curvature for migration is achieved at 6μm, satisfying the thermodynamic equilibrium condition", + "The solubility limit of MnS in the Fe-3%Si matrix is reached at 6μm grain size, causing precipitation saturation", + "The MnS particles exert a Zener pinning force that balances the driving force for grain growth when the grain size reaches 6μm", + "The stored strain energy from cold working is fully released when grains reach 6μm, eliminating the driving force for growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, its Burgers vector is __ to the dislocation line", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "perpendicular", + "parallel", + "at a 45° angle", + "dependent on the slip plane orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Where are the octahedral void positions located in the face-centered cubic close-packed structure of the NaCl unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the center of each face and the body center of the unit cell", + "At the center of the unit cell and the midpoint of each edge", + "At the tetrahedral positions between adjacent Cl- ions", + "At the corners and face centers where Cl- ions are located" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the fundamental differences in work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening: Possible mechanisms include dislocation pile-up, forest dislocation resistance, and the consumption of external force work through the formation of jogs", + "Work hardening primarily results from the reduction of grain boundaries leading to increased dislocation mobility", + "The Hall-Petch relationship quantitatively describes work hardening by correlating yield strength with dislocation density", + "Work hardening is fundamentally a thermal activation process where stored energy is released as heat during deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the repeat unit molecular weight for poly(ethylene terephthalate)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "172.18 g/mol", + "192.16 g/mol", + "144.13 g/mol", + "224.20 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the electronegativity of Ca and Mg, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the electronegativity condition for forming a solid solution. (The electronegativity of Ca is 1.0, and that of Mg is 1.2)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ionic radius mismatch (Ca2+ 1.00Å vs Mg2+ 0.72Å) prevents solid solution despite electronegativity similarity", + "Their electronegativity difference (0.2) is within the 0.4 threshold, allowing solid solution formation", + "The large difference in melting points (CaO 2572°C vs MgO 2852°C) dominates over electronegativity considerations", + "Their positions in different groups (IIA vs IIB) create electronic structure incompatibility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the crystal structure of graphite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Body-centered tetragonal structure with covalent bonding", + "Face-centered cubic structure with alternating layers", + "Simple hexagonal lattice with carbon atoms at lattice points", + "Hexagonal close-packed structure with ABAB stacking sequence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The close-packed direction of FCC structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<100>", + "<111>", + "<110>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a crystal, there is a pair of parallel edge dislocations on the slip plane. How large should their spacing be to prevent movement due to their interaction? Assume the slip resistance (shear stress) of the dislocation is ≈10⁵Pa, ν=0.3, G=5×10¹⁰Pa (express the answer in terms of b).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.16×10⁴b", + "5.79×10³b", + "2.32×10⁴b", + "8.66×10³b" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Chemical analysis of pyrite yields two possible compositions based on the Fe/S ratio from the analytical data: Fe1-xS and FeS1-x. The former implies a defect structure with Fe vacancies, while the latter indicates Fe substitution. How can experimental methods determine whether the mineral belongs to Fe1-xS (Fe vacancy defect structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermogravimetric analysis showing sulfur loss", + "X-ray diffraction revealing expanded lattice parameters", + "Mössbauer spectroscopy detecting Fe3+ species", + "Hall effect measurements showing p-type conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of atoms N in 1 cm³ of copper, given that the density of copper is 8.9 g/cm³, the relative atomic mass is 63.5, and Avogadro's number is 6.02×10²³. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.3×10²²", + "8.4×10²²", + "1.06×10²³", + "0.84×10²³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the compression test of a magnesium single crystal at room temperature, the [0001] direction coincides with the compression axis. Assuming that the critical resolved shear stress for twinning on the (10\\overline{1}2) plane is 10 times that for slip on the (0001) plane, denoted as $\\tau_{\\mathrm{e}}$, what will happen when the compressive stress is sufficiently large?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The crystal will undergo twinning due to higher Schmid factor for twinning system", + "The crystal will undergo basal slip because it requires lower critical resolved shear stress", + "The crystal will fracture before any deformation mechanism activates", + "Both twinning and slip will occur simultaneously due to stress concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A petrographic analysis of a certain Portland cement revealed that the flux mineral CA precipitated as a crystalline phase before CAF. Is this formulation a high-alumina formulation (P>1.38) or a high-iron formulation (P<1.38)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-iron formulation (P<1.38)", + "High-alumina formulation (P>1.38)", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact P value", + "Neither, it's a standard Portland cement formulation (P=1.38)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The stacking sequence of the close-packed planes in an FCC structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ABCABC...", + "ABABAB...", + "AABBCC...", + "ABCBAC..." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, what is the relationship between its climb direction and the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Perpendicular", + "Parallel", + "At 45 degrees", + "Depends on the slip plane orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Conductivity in a metal is almost always reduced by the introduction of defects into the lattice. The factor primarily affected by defects is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density threshold for dynamic recovery in aluminum at 300K", + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip system activation in pure copper", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress required for dislocation motion in tungsten", + "The stacking fault energy value for austenitic stainless steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of the space lattice in the tetragonal crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lattice parameters of the tetragonal crystal system are a≠b≠c, α=β=γ=90°", + "The lattice parameters of the tetragonal crystal system are a=b≠c, α=β=γ=90°", + "The lattice parameters of the tetragonal crystal system are a=b=c, α=β=γ=90°", + "The lattice parameters of the tetragonal crystal system are a=b≠c, α=β=90°, γ=120°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the characteristics of the outermost crystal zone in the ingot structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An amorphous layer formed by extreme undercooling", + "A columnar grain zone resulting from directional heat extraction", + "A coarse dendritic structure caused by slow cooling rates", + "A fine equiaxed grain zone formed due to rapid nucleation at the mold wall" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the compressive strength of ceramics always higher than the tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries in ceramics provide better resistance to compression than tension", + "Ceramics have higher elastic modulus in compression than in tension", + "The covalent bonds in ceramics are stronger under compressive loading", + "Compressive stresses cause crack closure while tensile stresses promote crack propagation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase transition involving simultaneous nucleation of two distinct crystalline structures", + "A reversible solid-state transformation with hysteresis behavior", + "A diffusionless transformation with invariant plane strain characteristics", + "A displacive transformation accompanied by composition partitioning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between pure metal crystallization morphology and the melting entropy of the metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High melting entropy metals always exhibit dendritic growth due to increased constitutional supercooling", + "Planar growth occurs exclusively in metals with high melting entropy regardless of undercooling", + "The crystallization morphology is determined solely by thermal conductivity and independent of melting entropy", + "Dendritic growth is favored in metals with low melting entropy due to easier interface instability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a space lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A mathematical abstraction representing atomic positions without considering actual atoms", + "The arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material with translational symmetry", + "A series of geometric points arranged in a periodic repetition in three-dimensional space", + "The smallest repeating unit that shows the full symmetry of the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of modification treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electrochemical treatment to alter the surface composition of metals by ion implantation", + "Heat treatment process to modify the surface hardness of cast alloys through rapid quenching", + "Adding solid-phase substances to molten metal before casting to promote heterogeneous nucleation and refine grains", + "Mechanical deformation process to refine grain structure through severe plastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In has a tetragonal structure with lattice constants a=0.3252 nm, c=0.4946 nm, atomic radius r=0.1625 nm, and number of atoms per unit cell n=2. What is the packing density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.740", + "0.687", + "0.680", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the temperature range and alias of the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 500~700°C is called temper embrittlement, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 250~400°C is called blue brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 350~550°C is called reversible temper brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 450~650°C is called high-temperature temper brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Silicate glass, mica, and asbestos belong to which category of compounds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon-chain organic polymers", + "Heterochain organic polymers", + "Elemental organic compounds", + "Inorganic polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When CN=6, the ionic radius of Na+ is 0.097nm, what is its radius when CN=4?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.088nm", + "0.097nm", + "0.102nm", + "0.113nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which category of compounds do Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) and Plexiglas (polymethyl methacrylate) belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The material exhibits both ionic and covalent bonding characteristics", + "The material's hardness is primarily determined by its dislocation density", + "The material's thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to its electrical resistivity", + "The material's fracture toughness increases with decreasing grain size according to the Hall-Petch relationship" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a Frenkel defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A localized lattice distortion caused by substitutional impurity atoms", + "A vacancy-interstitial pair in ionic crystals caused by charge neutrality requirements", + "The simultaneous creation of a cation vacancy and anion vacancy to maintain stoichiometry", + "The displacement of an atom to an interstitial site in the crystal lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From a macroscopic perspective, which of the following correctly describes the interface structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The straight interface is thermodynamically stable due to minimized surface energy", + "Zigzag interfaces indicate higher atomic mobility at the solidification front", + "The straight one is called a rough interface structure; the zigzag one is called a smooth interface structure", + "Interface morphology is primarily determined by the cooling rate rather than atomic attachment kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In homogeneous nucleation, assuming the nucleus shape is a cube with side length a, given σ and ΔGv, what is the critical nucleus side length?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(-8σ)/ΔGv", + "(-2σ)/ΔGv", + "(-4σ)/ΔGv", + "(-σ)/ΔGv" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes atomic magnetic moment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic magnetic moment is solely determined by the spin angular momentum of the nucleus", + "Atomic magnetic moment refers to the total magnetic moment composed of the orbital magnetic moment and the spin magnetic moment of electrons", + "Atomic magnetic moment arises exclusively from the orbital motion of electrons around the nucleus", + "Atomic magnetic moment is a measure of the magnetic dipole moment induced by external electric fields" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are cold-worked metals more susceptible to corrosion than noncold-worked metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cold-working introduces residual compressive stresses that accelerate anodic dissolution at surface defects", + "Increased dislocation density creates higher energy regions that are more chemically reactive", + "Grain boundary segregation of impurities is enhanced by plastic deformation", + "Work hardening reduces the metal's ability to form protective oxide layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "We replace 7.5 atomic percent of the chromium atoms in its BCC crystal with tantalum. X-ray diffraction shows that the lattice parameter is 0.29158nm. The density of the alloy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.265 g/cm³", + "7.892 g/cm³", + "8.419 g/cm³", + "7.314 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel is heated until 40% austenite, with a carbon content of 0.5%, forms. What is the overall carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.500%", + "0.300%", + "0.212%", + "0.125%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The intermetallic compound AlNi has a CsCl-type structure with a lattice constant of $a=0.288\\mathrm{~nm}$. What is its density? (The relative atomic mass of Ni is 58.71, and the relative atomic mass of Al is 26.98.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.51 g/cm³", + "6.42 g/cm³", + "5.97 g/cm³", + "4.89 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in oxides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent bond with partial ionic character", + "Pure covalent bond with sp3 hybridization", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Ionic bond" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the intermediate phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transition region between two distinct phases in a phase diagram, where the material exhibits properties intermediate between the two pure phases.", + "A metastable phase that forms during rapid cooling of alloys, characterized by a distorted crystal structure that retains some solubility of alloying elements beyond equilibrium conditions.", + "Refers to a new phase formed by the interaction between alloy components when the solid solubility limit of the solid solution is exceeded. This phase has a lattice structure and properties completely different from any of the components and exhibits metallic characteristics. Since it is often located in the middle of the phase diagram, it is also called an intermediate phase.", + "A temporary phase that exists only during solid-state transformations, serving as a structural bridge between the initial and final stable phases." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The improvement in mechanical properties resulting from grain boundary sliding at elevated temperatures", + "The increase in hardness due to precipitation of secondary phases during heat treatment", + "The strengthening mechanism caused by dislocation entanglement during rapid quenching", + "The phenomenon where the flow stress of a metal increases with increasing strain during cold working" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a machine tool spindle made of 40Cr steel, the core requires good strength and toughness (200-300HB), while the journal needs to be hard and wear-resistant (HRC54-58). What is the microstructure after preparatory heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bainite with martensite islands", + "pearlite with retained austenite", + "tempered sorbite", + "spheroidized cementite in ferrite matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy required to form a vacancy in a certain crystal is 0.32×10^-18 J. At 800°C, there is one vacancy per 1×10^4 atoms. At what temperature will there be one vacancy per 10^3 atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "872°C", + "1024°C", + "756°C", + "928°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.2-mm thick wafer of silicon is treated so that a uniform concentration gradient of antimony is produced. One surface contains 1 Sb atom per 10^8 Si atoms and the other surface contains 500 Sb atoms per 10^8 Si atoms. The lattice parameter for Si is 5.407 A. The concentration gradient in atomic percent Sb per cm is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.01247 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.0499 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.02495 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.00499 at% Sb/cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the modulated structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The modulated structure features aperiodic stacking faults with varying interplanar spacing and anisotropic properties", + "The modulated structure shows random atomic arrangements with localized strain fields and discontinuous interfaces", + "The modulated structure displays quasi-periodic ordering with alternating regions of high and low density", + "The modulated structure exhibits a periodic pattern, with high dispersion, uniform distribution, and high connectivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During austenite nucleation, not only (10) fluctuations and (11) fluctuations are required, but also (12) fluctuations are needed. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (10), (11), and (12)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "structure; energy; composition", + "energy; composition; stress", + "composition; temperature; pressure", + "temperature; entropy; free energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a silicon-containing low-alloy steel ingot with dendritic segregation and a dendrite arm spacing of 500μm, diffusion annealing is performed at 1200°C. To reduce the segregation amplitude to 10% of its original value, how long should the holding time be for carbon? Given that the diffusion coefficient of carbon in austenite at 1200°C is 2.23×10^(-6)cm^2/s.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "65.3s", + "32.7s", + "130.6s", + "16.3s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the characteristics of investment casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Uses a single-piece, non-reusable mold with high dimensional accuracy and fine surface finish", + "Employs reusable sand molds with moderate surface finish and high production rates", + "Utilizes permanent metal molds for rapid solidification and excellent mechanical properties", + "Combines ceramic shell molds with vacuum assistance for ultra-high purity castings" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic number of copper is 29, its relative atomic mass is 63.54, and it has two isotopes, Cu63 and Cu65. What is the percentage content of the two copper isotopes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "73% Cu63 and 27% Cu65", + "65% Cu63 and 35% Cu65", + "50% Cu63 and 50% Cu65", + "63% Cu63 and 37% Cu65" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the fundamental differences of grain refinement strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases grain boundaries, enlarges the range of dislocation pile-up", + "Reduces grain boundaries, decreases dislocation mobility through solute drag", + "Increases grain size, enhances dislocation cross-slip mechanisms", + "Maintains constant grain size, improves strength through twinning deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What insights do the Kirkendall experiment results provide?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Proves that interstitial diffusion is always faster than vacancy-mediated diffusion in metallic systems", + "Demonstrates that diffusion in substitutional alloys occurs primarily through a vacancy mechanism rather than direct atomic exchange", + "Shows that diffusion coefficients of all elements in an alloy must be equal to maintain lattice stability", + "Indicates that grain boundary diffusion dominates over bulk diffusion in all polycrystalline materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ionic crystals usually reduce their surface energy through the polarization deformation and rearrangement of surface ions. Among the following ionic crystals, the one with the smallest surface energy is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in annealed pure aluminum (99.99%) at room temperature", + "The dislocation density in work-hardened copper after 50% cold rolling", + "The dislocation density in single crystal silicon wafer used for semiconductor fabrication", + "The dislocation density in heavily doped n-type GaAs after thermal annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are ceramic materials brittle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ionic/covalent bonding nature prevents dislocation motion, while porosity creates stress concentration sites", + "High elastic modulus directly correlates with brittleness due to atomic bond stiffness", + "Lack of grain boundary sliding at room temperature compared to metals", + "Thermal expansion anisotropy causes microcracking during cooling from sintering temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the fourth essential reason for the high hardness of martensite: the transformation strengthening mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal structure of martensite inherently has higher Peierls stress than austenite", + "The transformation creates a supersaturated solid solution where solute atoms pin dislocations through Cottrell atmospheres", + "The rapid quenching process introduces residual compressive stresses that enhance hardness through stress hardening", + "The high hardness is primarily due to the formation of fine twins in plate martensite that act as barriers to dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cobalt (Co) has an HCP crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.1253nm, and a c/a ratio of 1.623. What is the volume of the unit cell for Co?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.32 × 10^{-23} cm^3", + "6.64 × 10^{-23} cm^3", + "9.96 × 10^{-23} cm^3", + "1.33 × 10^{-22} cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic packing density of magnesium, like all hcp metals, is 0.74. Given the density of Mg ρMg=1.74 Mg/m³, relative atomic mass of 24.31, and atomic radius r=0.161 nm, what is the volume of the unit cell of magnesium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.18 nm³", + "0.16 nm³", + "0.12 nm³", + "0.14 nm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can you obtain the mass and Cu content of solid α3 by heating solid α2 to melting and slowly cooling it to 920°C, then pouring off the liquid?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reheat α2 to melting, slowly cool to 920°C, pour off the liquid, leaving only α3, with a mass of 260g and w_Cu≈0.02", + "Reheat α2 to melting, rapidly quench to 920°C, pour off the liquid, leaving α3 with a mass of 260g and w_Cu≈0.15", + "Reheat α2 to melting, slowly cool to 920°C, pour off the liquid, leaving α3 with a mass of 300g and w_Cu≈0.02", + "Reheat α2 to melting, slowly cool to 920°C, retain both phases, giving α3 with a mass of 260g and w_Cu≈0.02" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal (BCC) rod is stretched along the rod axis [213] direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, determine the final orientation of the test rod (assuming the rod does not fracture before reaching a stable orientation).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[123]", + "[111]", + "[112]", + "[101]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the process of transfer molding used to form plastic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The material is directly injected into the mold in its solid state", + "The material is first melted in a transfer chamber before being forced into the die", + "The process involves simultaneous melting and shaping within the mold cavity", + "A pre-heated thermoplastic sheet is forced into the mold under vacuum" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the long-range structure (secondary structure) of polymer chain structures include?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallinity degree and spherulite size", + "Relative molecular mass and its distribution, chain flexibility and conformation", + "Tacticity and head-to-head configuration", + "Glass transition temperature and melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The cold working rate that this aluminum rod will undergo is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "22%", + "18%", + "15%", + "25%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the mechanism of slurry peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Peptization occurs when the zeta potential of colloidal particles reaches zero, causing complete particle dispersion through neutralization of surface charges by counterions in the solution.", + "Due to the difference in electrical charges on the edge and face surfaces of plate-like clay particles, face-face, edge-face, or edge-edge associations occur, forming a certain structure in the slurry that increases flow resistance. The peptization process of the slurry involves breaking down this internal structure, transforming edge-face and edge-edge associations into face-face arrangements.", + "The process involves mechanical breakdown of particle agglomerates through high shear mixing, where increased kinetic energy overcomes van der Waals forces between particles.", + "Peptization is achieved by increasing the slurry viscosity through polymer addition, which creates steric hindrance that prevents particle-particle contact and agglomeration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The chemical handbook lists the density of NH4Cl as 1.5 g/cm3. X-ray data indicate that NH4Cl has two crystal structures: one is the NaCl-type structure with a=0.726 nm, and the other is the CsCl structure with a=0.387 nm. To which crystal type does the above density value belong? (The NH4+ ion occupies the crystal lattice as a single unit).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "NaCl-type structure", + "CsCl structure", + "Both structures give this density", + "Neither structure matches this density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The eutectic of the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system is placed on a Si3N4 ceramic plate. At the eutectic temperature, the surface tension of the liquid phase is 900 mN/m, the interfacial energy between the liquid and solid is 600 mN/m, and the measured contact angle is 70.52°. What is the surface tension of Si3N4?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1200 mN/m", + "600 mN/m", + "900 mN/m", + "300 mN/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a material is compressed from height h to 0.5h, the engineering strain (εe) and true strain (εT) are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "εe = -50%; εT = -69.3%", + "εe = -50%; εT = -50%", + "εe = -69.3%; εT = -50%", + "εe = -100%; εT = -∞" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main purpose of normalizing T12 steel file and the structure after normalizing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Normalizing dissolves all carbides to create a fully austenitic structure", + "Normalizing refines the grain size to improve toughness while maintaining hardness", + "Normalizing eliminates the network carbide and prepares for spheroidizing annealing", + "Normalizing reduces internal stresses while preserving the original pearlite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the effect of solute elements on the melting point of alloys influence the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The effect depends solely on atomic size mismatch, not melting point depression", + "Solute elements always decrease diffusion by creating strain fields that impede atomic motion", + "Solute elements lowering the melting point increase vacancy concentration, thereby enhancing diffusion", + "Higher melting point alloys inherently have greater lattice vibration frequencies that dominate diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider the diffusion of some hypothetical metal Y into another hypothetical metal Z at 950°C; after 10h the concentration at the 0.5mm position (in metal Z) is 2.0 wt% Y. At what position will the concentration also be 2.0 wt% Y after a 17.5h heat treatment again at 950°C? Assume preexponential and activation energy values of 4.3 × 10^{-4} m²/s and 180,000 J/mol, respectively, for this diffusion system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.66 mm", + "0.71 mm", + "0.59 mm", + "0.50 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes Vegard's law?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The elastic modulus of a composite material varies linearly with the volume fraction of its constituents, as observed in most metal-ceramic systems.", + "Experiments have found that when two isomorphous salts form a continuous solid solution, the lattice constant of the solid solution has a linear relationship with the composition, meaning the lattice constant is proportional to the concentration of any component.", + "The thermal expansion coefficient of a solid solution alloy follows a quadratic relationship with composition, deviating significantly from linearity at high solute concentrations.", + "The electrical conductivity of doped semiconductors shows an exponential dependence on dopant concentration, as described by Vegard's original formulation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay slurry (mainly composed of kaolinite mineral), compare the differences in thixotropy of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding Na2CO3 increases thixotropy while Na2SiO3 decreases it due to different ion hydration effects", + "Both electrolytes reduce thixotropy equally by breaking clay particle networks", + "Na2CO3 has no effect on thixotropy while Na2SiO3 reduces it due to silicate ion adsorption", + "Both electrolytes increase thixotropy by promoting edge-to-face particle interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, the direction of its cross-slip motion is __ to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45°", + "dependent on the slip plane orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes equilibrium crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Equilibrium crystallization refers to crystallization that occurs at a very slow rate, with sufficient diffusion in both the liquid and solid phases", + "Equilibrium crystallization is a rapid solidification process that prevents solute partitioning", + "Equilibrium crystallization occurs when the cooling rate matches the material's thermal conductivity", + "Equilibrium crystallization describes the point where nucleation rate equals grain growth rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If Cr12MoV steel is selected to manufacture a stamping die with certain hot hardness requirements, what heat treatment process should be formulated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching at 1050～1100℃ followed by multiple tempering at 500-520℃", + "Normalizing at 850℃ followed by single tempering at 200℃", + "Austempering at 300℃ to achieve bainitic microstructure", + "Solution treatment at 1200℃ followed by water quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does an edge dislocation have on the diffusion process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Generates stacking faults that create isotropic diffusion barriers", + "Introduces compressive stress that blocks vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Forms a low-angle grain boundary that slows down bulk diffusion", + "Creates a high-diffusivity pipe pathway along the dislocation line" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the modulus of elasticity for titanium carbide (TiC) with 5 vol% porosity is 310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi), what is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous titanium carbide (TiC)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "342 GPa (49.6 x 10^6 psi)", + "310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi)", + "327 GPa (47.4 x 10^6 psi)", + "295 GPa (42.8 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic part made of MgO is sintered successfully at 1700 degrees C in 90 minutes. To minimize thermal stresses during the process, we plan to reduce the temperature to 1500 degrees C. Which will limit the rate at which sintering can be done:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion of magnesium ions", + "Diffusion of oxygen ions", + "Grain boundary migration", + "Surface energy reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If in fcc Cu, 1 out of every 500 atoms is missing, and its lattice constant is 0.3615 nm, the density of Cu is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.732 g/cm³", + "8.960 g/cm³", + "8.842 g/cm³", + "8.915 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "4. The expression for the relationship between the diffusion coefficient, diffusion activation energy, and diffusion temperature is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D = D0 * exp(-Q/kT)", + "D = D0 * exp(-Q/RT)", + "D = D0 * ln(Q/RT)", + "D = D0 * (Q/RT)^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists the four classifications of steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypoeutectoid, Eutectoid, Hypereutectoid, Ledeburitic", + "Ferritic, Austenitic, Martensitic, Duplex", + "Plain Carbon Steels, Low Alloy Steels, Tool Steels, Stainless Steels", + "Low Carbon Steels, Medium Carbon Steels, High Carbon Steels, High Alloy Steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the atomic number of an element is 32, which of the following is its correct electron configuration based on the knowledge of atomic electronic structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1 4d1", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 4p3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When stretching a single crystal, the slip plane is most prone to slip when it turns to an angle of _____ with the external force axis.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45°", + "30°", + "60°", + "90°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are HCP metals typically more brittle than FCC and BCC metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HCP metals have lower stacking fault energy which inhibits dislocation motion", + "The c/a ratio in HCP structures creates anisotropic thermal expansion leading to microcracks", + "HCP metals have fewer independent slip systems due to their crystal symmetry", + "The higher packing density of HCP structures prevents dislocation nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the calculation of solid-state reactions, the Ginstling equation has a wider range of applicability than the Jander equation, and the biggest difference between the two is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Ginstling equation accounts for spherical symmetry while Jander assumes planar geometry", + "Ginstling incorporates time-dependent diffusion coefficients unlike Jander", + "Jander equation is limited to non-porous materials whereas Ginstling handles porosity", + "Ginstling considers anisotropic diffusion while Jander assumes isotropic behavior" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Linear polyethylene that has a degree of polymerization of 5,000; linear and isotactic polypropylene that has a degree of polymerization of 6,500", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polypropylene has higher Tm due to its bulky phenyl side group and higher degree of polymerization", + "Polyethylene has higher Tm because its simpler structure allows for better chain packing", + "Both polymers have similar Tm since their degrees of polymerization are both above the critical entanglement length", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact tacticity distribution of the polypropylene" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A subgrain boundary is composed of $n$ edge dislocations with a misorientation of $0.057^{\\circ}$. Assuming there is no interaction between the dislocations before forming the subgrain boundary, by what factor does the distortion energy change after forming the subgrain boundary (given $R{=}10^{-4}$, $r_{0}=b=10^{-8}$; after forming the subgrain boundary, $$ R=D\\approx{\\frac{b}{\\theta}})?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.75 times the original value", + "1.33 times the original value", + "0.57 times the original value", + "Equal to the original value" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aligned and continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 97% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. What will be the tensile strength of this composite? Assume that the matrix stress at fiber failure is 50 MPa (7250 psi).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50 MPa (7,250 psi)", + "515 MPa (74,700 psi)", + "2060 MPa (299,000 psi)", + "1070 MPa (155,000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main mass transfer mechanisms in liquid phase sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Flow mass transfer and dissolution-precipitation mass transfer", + "Diffusion-controlled mass transfer and viscous flow", + "Capillary action and grain boundary diffusion", + "Surface diffusion and evaporation-condensation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al2O3 specimen with a circular cross-section in a three-point bending test, the cross-sectional radius r=3.5mm, the span between the two supports is 50mm, and it fractures under a load of 950N. What is the fracture strength σfs of the material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1410.4 MPa", + "176.3 MPa", + "705.2 MPa", + "352.6 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies and corrects the error in the concept: 'At any temperature, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At any undercooling, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all nuclei.", + "At critical undercooling, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all nuclei.", + "Above melting temperature, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos.", + "In undercooled liquids, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the crystallization process of solid solution alloys, the laws of nucleation and grain growth are followed, but unlike pure metals, what additional fluctuation is required during nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "temperature gradient", + "composition", + "lattice strain", + "dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of constant expansion alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloys whose volume remains constant while undergoing phase transformations during heating.", + "Alloys that maintain zero thermal expansion across all temperature ranges due to perfect atomic lattice compensation.", + "Materials exhibiting identical expansion rates in all crystallographic directions regardless of temperature.", + "Materials with a certain coefficient of expansion within a specific temperature range are called constant expansion materials." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of aramid and metal fibers have higher strength-to-weight ratios?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Depends on the specific metal alloy used", + "Metal fibers because metallic bonds inherently provide higher strength", + "They are equal since both achieve maximum theoretical bond strength", + "Aramid fibers due to their covalent bonding and aligned polymer chains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe (face-centered cubic), given the diffusion coefficient formula as D=0.21exp[-141284/RT] cm²/s, temperature T=800°C (1073K), and gas constant R=8.314 J/(mol·K). The diffusion coefficient is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.7×10^-9 cm²/s", + "1.4×10^-7 cm²/s", + "2.1×10^-8 cm²/s", + "5.8×10^-6 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the conditions for the occurrence of secondary recrystallization (abnormal growth)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High stacking fault energy and uniform dislocation distribution", + "The presence of recrystallization texture, second-phase particles, or surface thermal grooves", + "Isothermal holding above 0.8Tm with rapid quenching", + "Simultaneous satisfaction of Hall-Petch relationship and Schmid factor" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in. cube solidifies in 4.6 min. According to Chvorinov's rule with n=2, the mold constant is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20.74 min/in^2", + "41.48 min/in^2", + "82.96 min/in^2", + "10.37 min/in^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the dividing line between cold and hot working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the working temperature reaches 0.5 times the melting point (in Kelvin)", + "The glass transition temperature of the material", + "When deformation exceeds 5% strain", + "The recrystallization temperature of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the concept of a driving force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The driving force is equal to the activation energy of a reaction", + "The driving force is that which compels a reaction to occur", + "The driving force is the external pressure applied to initiate phase transformations", + "The driving force represents the total energy difference between initial and final states" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes grain growth and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Secondary recrystallization is simply accelerated grain growth that occurs when heating rates exceed 50°C/min", + "Both processes involve uniform grain size increase, but secondary recrystallization occurs at lower temperatures than primary grain growth", + "Grain growth eliminates all pores, while secondary recrystallization introduces new porosity at triple junctions", + "Grain growth is the uniform increase in grain size where pores remain at boundaries, while secondary recrystallization involves abnormal growth where pores get trapped inside grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in nucleation sites between recrystallization and solidification processes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solidification nucleation occurs at high-energy interfaces, while recrystallization nucleation requires pre-existing lattice defects", + "Both processes initiate at grain boundaries, but recrystallization additionally requires dislocations", + "Solidification is homogeneous nucleation, while recrystallization occurs at deformation-induced inhomogeneities", + "Recrystallization requires second-phase particles, while solidification occurs at any free surface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, what is the corresponding solid solution formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ThO2-xCax", + "Th1-xCaxO2", + "Th1-xCaxO2-x", + "(Th,Ca)O2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A subgrain boundary is composed of several edge dislocations with a misorientation of 0.057 degrees. Assuming there is no interaction between the dislocations before polygonization, by what factor does the distortion energy change after the formation of the subgrain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.50", + "1.33", + "0.75", + "2.00" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the phase diagram of the SiO2 system, which of the following are examples of reversible polymorphic transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stishovite ↔ β-quartz", + "Cristobalite ↔ Tridymite", + "α-quartz ↔ Coesite", + "β-quartz ↔ α-quartz" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following conditions must be satisfied for spontaneous dislocation reactions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Burgers vector conservation and elastic strain energy reduction", + "Crystallographic alignment and temperature above recrystallization point", + "Geometric conditions and energy conditions", + "Dislocation density threshold and applied stress exceeding Peierls stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the heat treatment conditions (temperature, time, cooling rate, etc.) for normalizing φ25 hot-rolled eutectoid steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "720°C holding for 2h, water quenching", + "850°C holding for 30min, furnace cooling", + "780°C holding for 1h, air cooling", + "900°C holding for 15min, air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the diffusion coefficient of anions generally smaller than that of cations in ionic crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anions form close packing while cations occupy interstitial sites, requiring greater structural rearrangement for anion diffusion", + "Anions have larger ionic radii which increases their activation energy for diffusion", + "Cations experience stronger electrostatic repulsion from surrounding ions, enhancing their mobility", + "The higher polarizability of anions creates stronger local bonding that hinders diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fick's first law can be directly applied to solve the problem of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "non-steady-state diffusion with constant boundary conditions", + "steady-state diffusion", + "any diffusion process obeying Arrhenius relationship", + "diffusion in systems with time-dependent concentration gradients" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following polymers would be suitable for the fabrication of cups to contain hot coffee?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Poly(vinyl chloride) (Tg = 85°C, rigid formulation with thermal stabilizers)", + "PET polyester (Tg = 70°C, excellent barrier properties)", + "Polypropylene (Tg = -10°C, food-safe crystalline form)", + "Polycarbonate (Tg = 150°C, high optical clarity)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In eutectoid steel, both pearlite and tempered martensite (assuming tempered at 400°C) consist of ferrite and carbide. Why do the morphology and dispersion of carbides in tempered martensite differ from those in pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The carbides in pearlite exhibit a lamellar morphology with low dispersion, whereas the carbides in martensite are fine particles with high dispersion", + "The higher tempering temperature of martensite causes complete dissolution of carbides, resulting in uniform dispersion", + "Pearlite forms through diffusion-controlled transformation, while martensite undergoes shear transformation followed by carbide precipitation", + "The carbon content in martensite is higher than in pearlite, leading to finer carbide distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the slip plane of face-centered cubic metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{112}", + "{110}", + "{100}", + "{111}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Cd1+xO, the type of non-stoichiometric structural defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defect", + "Frenkel defect", + "Metal excess defect due to anion vacancies", + "Metal deficiency defect due to cation vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains why heterogeneous nucleation is easier than homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because homogeneous nucleation creates more dislocations which increase the energy barrier", + "Because heterogeneous nucleation requires lower activation energy due to pre-existing lattice matching", + "Because the former uses foreign particles as the substrate, the nucleation work is smaller", + "Because foreign particles reduce the critical radius required for stable nucleus formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In NiO, introducing high-valence W6+, how many vacancies will each W6+ generate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 Ni2+ vacancy", + "2 Ni2+ vacancies", + "3 O2- vacancies", + "1 O2- vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the aging process of aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Aging is primarily caused by surface oxidation of aluminum alloys, which then propagates into the bulk material over time.", + "Aging occurs when aluminum alloys are slowly cooled from high temperatures, allowing equilibrium phases to form directly without going through a supersaturated state.", + "The aging process involves the spontaneous decomposition of aluminum alloys at room temperature due to inherent thermodynamic instability.", + "After high-temperature solution treatment, aluminum alloys are rapidly cooled to form a supersaturated solid solution, followed by the precipitation of metastable phases during subsequent heating and holding processes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The recovery activation energy of iron is $88.9\\mathrm{kJ/mol}$. If cold-deformed iron is subjected to recovery treatment at $400^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ to retain 60% of its work hardening, it takes $160\\mathfrak{min}$. How much time is needed to achieve the same effect with recovery treatment at $450\\mathrm{~C~}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "59 min", + "32 min", + "160 min", + "88 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the ion Fe2+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following groups of elements are commonly known as γ-phase expanding elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nickel, manganese, cobalt, carbon, nitrogen, and copper", + "Chromium, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, and vanadium", + "Aluminum, titanium, niobium, and zirconium", + "Phosphorus, sulfur, lead, and bismuth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Do all electrons have a net magnetic moment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, only unpaired electrons in partially filled orbitals have a net magnetic moment", + "Yes, all electrons have a net magnetic moment due to their intrinsic spin", + "Only when electrons are in a magnetic field do they acquire a net magnetic moment", + "No, the magnetic moments of paired electrons always cancel out completely" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the initial carbon concentration of plain carbon steel w0=0.85%, after heating to 900°C and holding in air for 1h, the outer carbon concentration drops to zero. If the required carbon concentration in the outer layer of the part is 0.8%, how much depth should be turned off the surface? (D=1.1×10−7cm2/s)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.035 cm", + "0.042 cm", + "0.067 cm", + "0.053 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what equation does the expression for interplanar spacing (d_{ ext {hkl }}) reduce for crystals having tetragonal symmetry, given that a, b and c are the lattice parameters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/d² = (h² + k² + l²)/a²", + "1/d² = (h² + k²)/a² + l²/c²", + "1/d² = (h² + k²)/c² + l²/a²", + "1/d² = (h² + k²)/a² + (l²)/b²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of thorium, which has the FCC structure and one atom per lattice point, is 11.72 g/cm³. The atomic weight of thorium is 232 g/mol. The lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.0856 x 10⁻⁸ cm", + "3.597 x 10⁻⁸ cm", + "4.082 x 10⁻⁸ cm", + "6.128 x 10⁻⁸ cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bcc crystal with a critical resolved shear stress of 60MPa on the (110)[111] slip system, how much stress must be applied in the [001] direction to initiate slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "60 MPa (assuming isotropic critical resolved shear stress)", + "103.9 MPa (using Schmid factor calculation for [001] direction)", + "120 MPa (assuming double the critical resolved shear stress is needed)", + "Slip cannot be initiated in this direction no matter how much stress is applied" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a Kevlar fiber-epoxy resin composite, the fiber volume fraction is 0.3, the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 31 GPa, and the elastic modulus of the Kevlar fiber is 124 GPa. What is the modulus parallel to the fiber direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "124 GPa", + "93.1 GPa", + "46.5 GPa", + "58.9 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Gallium has an orthorhombic structure, with a0=0.45258 nm, b0=0.45186 nm, and c0=0.76570 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1218 nm. The density is 5.904 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 69.72 g/mol. Determine the number of atoms in each unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 atom/cell", + "4 atoms/cell", + "2 atoms/cell", + "8 atoms/cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The loss of toughness resulting from tempering in the range of 450~550°C due to impurity element segregation", + "The brittleness caused by prolonged exposure to temperatures above 500°C due to carbide precipitation", + "The embrittlement phenomenon occurring during cooling from austenitizing temperature due to phosphorus segregation", + "The brittleness that occurs during tempering between 250~400°C is called low-temperature temper brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 114 belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "group IIIB", + "group IIB", + "group VIIA", + "group IVA" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of chromium in nickel are 1.1 × 10^{-4} m^{2}/s and 272,000 J/mol, respectively. At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient have a value of 1.2 × 10^{-14} m^{2}/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1273 K", + "1427 K", + "1543 K", + "1620 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a carbon steel containing 0.1% carbon, carburized at 930‰, the carburized layer thickness is 0.4mm after 3 hours. Someone wants to obtain a 0.8mm carburized layer and plans to use 6 hours. Is this person's plan correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Correct, because doubling the thickness requires quadrupling the time", + "Correct, because carburization depth is directly proportional to time", + "Incorrect, because the required time should be 9 hours due to temperature effects", + "Incorrect, because the required time should be 12 hours instead of 6 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the major differences between activation and concentration polarizations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both types of polarization occur simultaneously in all corrosion reactions, with activation controlling oxidation and concentration controlling reduction", + "Activation polarization is rate-limited by the slowest electrochemical step, while concentration polarization is limited by mass transport of reactants to the electrode surface", + "Activation polarization dominates in high-concentration electrolytes, while concentration polarization prevails in dilute solutions regardless of reaction type", + "The key difference lies in their temperature dependence - activation polarization decreases with temperature while concentration polarization increases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal (BCC) rod is stretched along the rod axis [213] direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, which of the following is the double slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(011)[111]－(011)[111]", + "(101)[111]－(101)[111]", + "(110)[111]－(110)[111]", + "(011)[111]－(101)[111]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Kirkendall effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phenomenon where interstitial diffusion causes local lattice expansion due to size mismatch between solute and solvent atoms", + "In substitutional diffusion, the faster-diffusing component creates excess vacancies that accumulate to form voids, while the slower-diffusing component's lattice contracts to maintain mass balance", + "A concentration-dependent diffusion process where the chemical potential gradient drives atoms to migrate against their concentration gradient", + "The observation that grain boundary diffusion always occurs faster than bulk diffusion at any given temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A spontaneous process where atoms arrange into a periodic structure upon cooling below the melting point", + "The process where a glass material transforms to a crystalline solid through heat treatment", + "The alignment of polymer chains under mechanical stress to form ordered domains", + "The precipitation of solute atoms from a supersaturated solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes phase equilibrium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Gibbs free energy of the system is minimized, and the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout all phases.", + "The chemical potentials of each phase in the system are equal, and the chemical potentials of each component in each phase are equal.", + "The composition of each phase remains constant over time, and the system has reached its lowest possible energy state.", + "The system exhibits no net mass transfer between phases, and the entropy production rate is zero." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Will the polymer fracture if its flexural strength is 85 MPa and the applied stress is 61.5 MPa? Assume that no plastic deformation occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, the polymer is not expected to fracture", + "Yes, because the applied stress exceeds 60% of the flexural strength", + "Yes, due to stress concentration effects at the molecular level", + "No, but permanent deformation will occur despite the assumption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the approximate diffusion distances/mm of carbon atoms during bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three transformations involve carbon diffusion distances greater than 10mm due to high temperature conditions", + "In pearlitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0~10mm; in bainitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is greater than 10mm; in martensitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0mm", + "In pearlitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0mm; in bainitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0~10mm; in martensitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is greater than 10mm", + "In pearlitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is greater than 10mm; in bainitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0~10mm; in martensitic transformation, the diffusion distance of carbon atoms is 0mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the flexural strength for a test given a cylindrical specimen of aluminum oxide with a radius of 2.5mm (0.10 in.) and a support point separation distance of 30mm (1.2 in.) when a load of 620 N (140 lbf) is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "413 MPa (60,000 psi)", + "248 MPa (36,000 psi)", + "379 MPa (53,500 psi)", + "310 MPa (45,000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polyethylene may be fluorinated by inducing the random substitution of fluorine atoms for hydrogen. For this polymer, determine the concentration of F (in wt %) that must be added if this substitution occurs for 18.6 % of all of the original hydrogen atoms. Atomic weights for several elements are included in the following table: Carbon 12.01 g/mol, Chlorine 35.45 g/mol, Fluorine 19.00 g/mol, Hydrogen 1.008 g/mol, Oxygen 16.00 g/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "23.7 wt%", + "18.0 wt%", + "15.2 wt%", + "32.4 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fundamental reason for the formation of deformation texture (or processing texture)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimization of surface energy through atomic rearrangement at grain boundaries", + "The preferential dissolution of certain crystallographic planes during processing", + "The alignment of slip directions with principal strain direction due to crystallographic rotation during plastic deformation", + "The thermal activation of specific slip systems during recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does cold-drawn high-carbon steel wire have the highest strength among various types of steel currently used in industry?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lead bath treatment creates a unique surface alloying layer that significantly enhances the wire's tensile strength", + "The high strength primarily results from the combination of work hardening during cold drawing and the refinement of pearlite interlamellar spacing achieved through isothermal treatment", + "Cold drawing induces a complete phase transformation from austenite to martensite, which is responsible for the ultra-high strength", + "The high carbon content directly correlates with strength through solid solution strengthening, with cold drawing playing only a minor role" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the direction of the dislocation line of an edge dislocation and the Burgers vector is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "anti-parallel", + "parallel", + "at 45 degrees", + "perpendicular" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in critical shear stress between the two metal plastic deformation mechanisms of slip and twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both mechanisms require similar stress levels as they are both dislocation-based", + "Slip requires higher stress because it involves breaking more atomic bonds simultaneously", + "Twinning requires higher critical shear stress due to coordinated atomic movement", + "Twinning requires lower stress as it preserves crystal symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes laminar composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Laminar composites consist of parallel fibers embedded in a matrix material, where the fiber orientation is uniform throughout the entire structure.", + "Laminar composites are a series of sheets or panels, each with a preferred high-strength direction, stacked and cemented together with varying orientations of the high-strength direction between layers.", + "Laminar composites are isotropic materials formed by alternating layers of ceramic and metallic phases to achieve balanced mechanical properties.", + "Laminar composites refer to nanostructured materials where individual atomic layers are deposited to create alternating regions of different crystallographic orientations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the adverse effects of texture on metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture increases thermal conductivity anisotropy by aligning phonon transport paths", + "Texture reduces dislocation mobility by creating preferential slip planes", + "Texture causes hydrogen embrittlement by creating high-energy grain boundaries", + "Texture decreases corrosion resistance by exposing more active crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'Degree of supercooling'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature difference between the melting point and the glass transition temperature in amorphous materials", + "In the phase transformation process, after cooling to a certain temperature below the phase transition point, the transformation occurs. The difference between the equilibrium phase transition temperature and this actual transformation temperature is called the degree of supercooling", + "The maximum temperature reduction achievable below the equilibrium freezing point before spontaneous crystallization occurs", + "The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between two phases during polymorphic transformations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A crystal structure with space group Fm3m belongs to the _ crystal family and crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion decreases with increasing temperature due to thermal vibration assistance", + "The Arrhenius plot of vacancy diffusion always shows perfect linearity across all temperature ranges", + "The activation energy for interstitial diffusion is typically higher than for vacancy diffusion in the same crystal structure", + "The pre-exponential factor in diffusion equations is temperature-independent and solely determined by crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect will tertiary cementite have on the mechanical properties of iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases hardness and strength but reduces toughness", + "Decreases hardness while improving ductility and impact resistance", + "Has negligible effect due to its extremely small volume fraction", + "Improves both strength and toughness by refining grain structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{i}^{* *}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An excited state calcium ion at a regular lattice site", + "A neutral calcium atom occupying a substitutional site with double positive charge", + "A doubly ionized calcium vacancy in the crystal structure", + "Ca2+ is located at the interstitial site of the lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the reactions at the anode and cathode?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both oxidation and reduction occur at the anode", + "Reduction occurs at the anode; oxidation at the cathode", + "Oxidation occurs at the anode; reduction at the cathode", + "Both oxidation and reduction occur at the cathode" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of a nickel alloy having an elastic modulus of 207 GPa (30 × 10^6 psi) and an original diameter of 10.2 mm (0.40 in.) experiences only elastic deformation when a tensile load of 8900 N (2000 lbf) is applied. Compute the maximum length of the specimen before deformation if the maximum allowable elongation is 0.25 mm (0.010 in.). The maximum length of the specimen before deformation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.475 m (475 mm)", + "0.237 m (237 mm)", + "0.95 m (950 mm)", + "0.119 m (119 mm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the characteristics of physical bonds (van der Waals forces)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Secondary bonds with bond energies typically below 0.5 eV", + "Directional covalent interactions with bond energies around 2-5 eV", + "Primary bonds exhibiting temperature-dependent strength", + "Ionic bonds with complete electron transfer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the purpose of quenching?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To heat steel above its recrystallization temperature for grain refinement", + "To slowly cool steel to relieve internal stresses and improve ductility", + "To rapidly cool steel to form martensite and increase hardness", + "To maintain steel at constant temperature to achieve precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the process characteristics of secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It is an abnormal growth process where a few large grains grow at the expense of fine grains", + "It is a uniform grain growth process driven by reduction of total grain boundary energy", + "It involves simultaneous nucleation and growth of new grains with random orientations", + "It is a stress-induced process where grains rotate to form preferred orientations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest possible crystal structure unit that can exist in a given material system", + "An embryo with radius r_k that may either disappear or grow stably, and is the threshold size for nucleation", + "A nucleus that has reached the minimum energy configuration required for phase transformation", + "The point defect cluster with critical concentration to initiate recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does alloy steel have less heat treatment deformation than carbon steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements lower the martensite start temperature, reducing phase transformation stresses", + "Alloy steels have higher thermal conductivity which homogenizes temperature gradients during quenching", + "The presence of alloy carbides creates a rigid lattice structure resistant to distortion", + "Alloying elements increase hardenability, allowing slower cooling rates that reduce thermal stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fraction recrystallized-time data for the recrystallization at 350°C of a previously deformed aluminum are tabulated here. Assuming that the kinetics of this process obey the Avrami relationship, what is the fraction recrystallized after a total time of 116.8 min?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.80", + "0.72", + "0.58", + "0.65" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the growth mode of crystals related to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bulk modulus", + "Interface structure", + "Surface energy anisotropy", + "Lattice vibration frequency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, the direction of its slip motion is (18) to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45° angle", + "anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a0=0.22858 nm and c0=0.35842 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1143 nm, the density is 1.848 g/cm3, and the atomic weight is 9.01 g/mol. Determine the number of atoms in each unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 atoms/cell", + "2 atoms/cell", + "6 atoms/cell", + "8 atoms/cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What factors constitute the resistance to phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "strain energy and interface energy", + "elastic modulus and stacking fault energy", + "activation energy and thermal conductivity", + "grain boundary energy and dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of Pyrex glass is 10^9 Pa·s at 1400℃ and 10^13 Pa·s at 840℃. What is the activation energy for viscous flow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "254.62 kJ/mol", + "318.28 kJ/mol", + "187.45 kJ/mol", + "426.90 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The bolts on the gear hobbing machine should have been made of 45 steel, but T12 steel was mistakenly used. The high-temperature tempering process for 45 steel was still applied. What microstructure and performance will be obtained in this case?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fine tempered martensite with good toughness and ductility", + "Coarse tempered sorbite with retained austenite and poor toughness", + "Spheroidized cementite in ferrite matrix with excellent machinability", + "Bainitic structure with balanced strength and toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What material is suitable for the handle of a test pen?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polyvinyl chloride", + "2Cr13", + "High-temperature ceramic", + "Manganese brass" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the types and quantitative relationship of voids when equal-sized spheres are closely packed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "n octahedral voids and 2n tetrahedral voids", + "2n octahedral voids and n tetrahedral voids", + "n octahedral voids and n tetrahedral voids", + "2n octahedral voids and 2n tetrahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the temperature range and alias of the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "250-400°C, also known as blue brittleness", + "450-650°C, also known as reversible temper brittleness", + "250-400°C, also known as low-temperature temper brittleness", + "500-700°C, also known as irreversible temper brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the volume change rate ΔVa/Va due to lattice constant expansion when the temperature increases from T1 to T2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3 × α × (T2 - T1)", + "(Δa/a)^3", + "3 × (Δa/a)", + "exp[3 × α × (T2 - T1)] - 1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which class of material is generally associated with the highest density values at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-entropy alloys with FCC crystal structure", + "Tungsten-based heavy alloys", + "Osmium-iridium intermetallic compounds", + "Bulk metallic glasses containing platinum group metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Into which categories can silicate crystals be classified?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "island, group, chain, layer, and framework", + "ionic, covalent, metallic, and molecular", + "primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary", + "simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of forming a solid solution on the mechanical properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The primary effect is grain boundary strengthening, with solute atoms segregating to grain boundaries", + "The elastic modulus increases proportionally with solute concentration while maintaining constant ductility", + "Dislocation mobility is enhanced, leading to simultaneous increase in both strength and ductility", + "Solid solution strengthening occurs, increasing yield strength but decreasing ductility due to lattice distortion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ZrO2 solid solution, for every 6 Zr4+ ions, 1 Ce3+ ion is added to form a cubic lattice of ZrO2. If these cations form an fcc structure and the O2- ions occupy the tetrahedral interstitial sites, how many O2- ions are needed for 100 cations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "171.4 O2- ions", + "200 O2- ions", + "185.7 O2- ions", + "157.1 O2- ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do metallic materials exhibit better mechanical properties after hot working compared to the as-cast state?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The elevated temperature allows complete stress relief, eliminating all residual stresses from the casting process", + "Hot working increases dislocation density significantly, leading to substantial work hardening that overrides casting defects", + "Dynamic recrystallization during hot working eliminates casting defects and refines grain structure, while dislocation density remains optimal for strength-ductility balance", + "Phase transformation occurs during hot working, creating new metastable phases with superior mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal having a cubic structure has a density of 1.892g/cm³, an atomic weight of 132.91g/mol, and a lattice parameter of 1.13 Å. One atom is associated with each lattice point. Determine the crystal structure of the metal from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fcc", + "bcc", + "sc", + "hcp" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Direct observation of an aluminum specimen shows a dislocation density within the grains of ρ=5×10^13/m^2. If the angle between subgrains is 5°, estimate the average size of the subgrains (the lattice constant of aluminum is a=2.8×10^-10m). The average subgrain size is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.12×10^-6m", + "2.02×10^-5m", + "3.57×10^-4m", + "5.64×10^-7m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the significance of the critical volume fraction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical volume fraction determines the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity in conductive polymer composites", + "It represents the minimum fiber content required to achieve higher composite strength than the pure matrix material", + "The volume fraction at which the composite's thermal expansion coefficient equals that of the reinforcement phase", + "The point where the composite's fracture toughness becomes independent of fiber orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recovery activation energy of a zinc single crystal is $20000\\mathrm{J/mol}$, removing $2\\%$ of the work hardening at $50^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ requires $13\\textup{d}$. How much should the temperature be increased to remove the same amount of work hardening in $5\\textrm{min}$? The recovery temperature should be:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "323 K", + "273 K", + "373 K", + "423 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is steady-state diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A diffusion process where the concentration gradient remains constant over time", + "A diffusion process where the flux is zero throughout the material", + "A diffusion process where the concentration at any point changes linearly with time", + "A diffusion process where the diffusion coefficient varies with position" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If ice homogeneously nucleates at -40°C, what is the critical radius given values of -3.1 × 10^8 J/m^3 and 25 × 10^-3 J/m^2, respectively, for the latent heat of fusion and the surface free energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.42 nm", + "1.10 nm", + "0.81 nm", + "3.25 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What is the magnetic susceptibility for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.387 x 10^-3", + "1.256 x 10^-3", + "3.142 x 10^-3", + "4.712 x 10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a copolymer ABS with equal mass fractions for each monomer (acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene), what are the mole fractions of each monomer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acrylonitrile: 39.4%, Butadiene: 40.1%, Styrene: 20.5%", + "Acrylonitrile: 33.3%, Butadiene: 33.3%, Styrene: 33.3%", + "Acrylonitrile: 25.0%, Butadiene: 50.0%, Styrene: 25.0%", + "Acrylonitrile: 40.1%, Butadiene: 39.4%, Styrene: 20.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For two parallel screw dislocations, when their Burgers vectors are in the same direction, the interaction force between them is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The force follows Hooke's law with a proportionality constant equal to the elastic modulus", + "Repulsive when dislocations are in the same slip plane, attractive otherwise", + "Always attractive due to dislocation line tension minimization", + "Repulsive when Burgers vectors are parallel, attractive when antiparallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the strength of solid solutions often higher than that of pure metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because solid solutions have higher atomic packing density than pure metals, increasing resistance to deformation", + "Because the different sizes of the two types of atoms in the alloy cause lattice distortion, which hinders dislocation movement", + "Because alloying elements increase the electron density, enhancing metallic bonding strength", + "Because the formation of solid solutions reduces grain boundary energy, preventing crack propagation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Convert the (101) plane into the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells. Which of the following is the correct representation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1 0 -1 0)", + "(1 0 -1 1)", + "(1 0 1 0)", + "(10 -1 1)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Would you expect Frenkel defects for anions to exist in ionic ceramics in relatively large concentrations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the high temperature processing of ceramics creates sufficient vacancies for anion Frenkel pairs", + "No, because the anion is quite large and is highly unlikely to exist as an interstitial", + "Yes, because the charge neutrality condition requires equal numbers of cation and anion Frenkel defects", + "No, because anions typically have lower formation energies for Schottky defects compared to Frenkel defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cold-rolled pure copper sheets, if high strength is required, which heat treatment should be performed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress relief annealing at 400°C for 2 hours", + "Solution treatment at 800°C followed by water quenching", + "High-temperature recrystallization annealing (600-700°C)", + "Low-temperature annealing (200-300°C) for 1 hour" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a Cu-30%Zn alloy is 250 kJ/mol, and it takes 1 hour for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, how many hours will it take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 390°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.000 h", + "0.510 h", + "2.450 h", + "1.962 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following microstructures is expected to be most similar to a single crystal in terms of structure and properties? Assume all of the options offer the same volumes and only consider grain boundaries as a crystalline defect for this question.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Random polycrystal with 10 grains and no texture", + "Highly textured polycrystal with 100 grains and 95% preferred orientation", + "Single crystal with 0.1% point defects concentration", + "Amorphous material annealed near glass transition temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for forming an infinite solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The two components have identical atomic radii within 5% tolerance", + "The two components exhibit complete liquid miscibility at all temperatures", + "The two components have the same crystal structure and electronegativity values", + "The two components show negative deviation from Vegard's law in their phase diagram" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For pre-annealed metallic polycrystals, in the uniform plastic deformation stage of the true stress-strain curve, the relationship between σ_T and ε_T is given by σ_T=Kε_T^n, where K is the strength coefficient and n is the strain hardening exponent. If there are two metals A and B with roughly equal K values, and n_A=0.5, n_B=0.2, which one has a higher dislocation density at the same plastic strain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metal A due to its higher strain hardening exponent", + "Metal B because lower n indicates more dislocations accumulate per strain", + "Both have equal dislocation density since K values are similar", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the initial dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The large screwdriver requires the shank to be fine pearlite and the tip to be tempered martensite, with only one external heat source. How should it be processed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Overall normalizing, local quenching + low-temperature tempering", + "Full austenitizing followed by differential cooling rates", + "Localized induction hardening of the tip only", + "Through-hardening followed by selective tempering of the shank" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the crystallographic characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Gradual lattice rotation through dislocation climb, preserving the original crystal symmetry", + "Random nucleation of new phase with isotropic growth, accompanied by significant volume diffusion", + "Complete loss of crystallographic registry, resulting in polycrystalline microstructure with high angle grain boundaries", + "A strict orientation relationship between phases maintained through shear deformation, with an invariant habit plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that brass with a zinc mass fraction of 30% takes 1 hour to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, and 2 hours at 390°C, how much time is needed to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 420°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.7 h", + "0.5 h", + "1.5 h", + "0.27 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When transforming from the cubic ZnS-type structure to the NaCl-type structure, what is the percentage change in volume? Given that for CN=6, ${r_{\\mathrm{{Mn}}}}^{2+}=0.08\\mathrm{{nm}}$, $\\ensuremath{r_{\\mathrm{s}}}^{2-}=0.184\\mathrm{nm}$; and for CN=4, ${r_{\\mathrm{Mn}}}^{2+}\\mathrm{=}0.073\\mathrm{nm}$, ${r_{\\mathrm{S}}}^{2-}{=}0.167\\mathrm{nm}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "38.72%", + "46.15%", + "52.40%", + "41.88%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.4 x melting temperature (340°C)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "400°C (752°F)", + "270°C (518°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.15% C steel is to be carburized at 1100°C, giving 0.35% C at a distance of 1mm beneath the surface. If the surface composition is maintained at 0.90% C, what time is required?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32 min", + "51 min", + "89 min", + "127 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 119 belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Group 0 (or 18)", + "Group IA (or 1)", + "Group IIA (or 2)", + "Group VIIA (or 17)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪个是强化金属材料的常见方法？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reducing dislocation density", + "Increasing elastic modulus", + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Enhancing surface reflectivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vibration frequency of atoms around a vacancy in Cu as 1×10¹³ s⁻¹, ΔEv as 0.15×10⁻¹⁸ J, and exp(ΔSm/k) approximately 1, what is the migration frequency of vacancies at room temperature 27°C (300K)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.207×10⁻² s⁻¹", + "1.104×10¹³ s⁻¹", + "4.414×10⁻² s⁻¹", + "1.104×10⁻² s⁻¹" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 727°C, the maximum carbon content in the equilibrium iron-carbon alloy is w_C=0.0218% for ferrite, while the carbon content in austenite is w_C=0.77%. Why does the carbon content differ so greatly between the two?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because ferrite has a higher diffusion coefficient for carbon at this temperature, causing carbon to preferentially leave the phase", + "Because the higher stacking fault energy of austenite allows more carbon atoms to be accommodated in its crystal structure", + "Because the radius of the flat octahedral interstitial sites in the ferrite crystal is much smaller than that of the regular octahedral interstitial sites in the austenite crystal", + "Because the magnetic ordering in ferrite creates electronic repulsion that limits carbon solubility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main structural difference between (metal-based) solid solutions and intermediate phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solutions maintain the host metal's crystal structure while intermediate phases form new structures", + "Solid solutions always have higher symmetry than intermediate phases", + "Intermediate phases exhibit complete solubility while solid solutions have limited solubility", + "The main difference lies in their electrical conductivity rather than crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for copper are 6.0 x 10^7 (Ω·m)^-1 and 0.0030 m^2/V·s, respectively. What is the number of free electrons per copper atom? Assume a density of 8.9 g/cm^3.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.48", + "1.00", + "2.12", + "0.0030" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does increasing temperature affect the concentration of both electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Remains constant as generation and recombination rates balance out", + "Decreases the concentration due to enhanced lattice scattering", + "Increases the concentration", + "First increases then decreases after reaching a critical temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aircraft component is fabricated from an aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 40 MPa sqrt(m) (36.4 ksi sqrt(in)). It has been determined that fracture results at a stress of 300 MPa (43,500 psi) when the maximum (or critical) internal crack length is 4.0mm (0.16 in.). For this same component and alloy, will fracture occur at a stress level of 260 MPa (38,000 psi) when the maximum internal crack length is 6.0mm (0.24 in.)? Why or why not?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No fracture will occur because the crack length increase is compensated by the stress reduction", + "No fracture will occur because the applied stress (260 MPa) is below the original fracture stress (300 MPa)", + "Fracture will occur because the stress intensity factor (42.4 MPa√m) exceeds the material's fracture toughness", + "Fracture will occur only if the component is subjected to cyclic loading conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the ionic radii of K⁺ and Cl⁻ are 0.133nm and 0.181nm respectively, and KCl has a CsCl-type structure, calculate its density ρ.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.215 g/cm³", + "1.984 g/cm³", + "2.597 g/cm³", + "2.132 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following sets of variables determine the microstructure of an alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The melting points of constituent elements, the elastic modulus of the alloy, and the quenching medium used", + "The atomic radius of constituent elements, the cooling rate during solidification, and the applied stress during service", + "The crystal structure of the base metal, the diffusion coefficients of alloying elements, and the surface energy of grain boundaries", + "The alloying elements present, their concentrations, and the heat treatment process" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To provide some perspective on the dimensions of atomic defects, consider a metal specimen that has a dislocation density of 10^4 mm^-2. Suppose that all the dislocations in 1000 mm^3 (1 cm^3) were somehow removed and linked end to end. How far (in miles) would this chain extend?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12.4 miles", + "3.1 miles", + "6.2 miles", + "0.62 miles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an interstitial solid solution and its characteristics from the perspective of crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial solid solutions form only between metallic elements with similar atomic radii, producing a fixed-composition compound with a defined molecular formula.", + "Interstitial solid solutions occur when solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the lattice, forming a new crystal structure while maintaining the original composition range.", + "Interstitial solid solutions require solute atoms larger than the solvent atoms to create lattice strain, resulting in a distinct crystal structure from the parent phase.", + "An interstitial solid solution forms when solute atoms occupy interstitial sites in the solvent lattice, typically with solute atomic radii <0.1nm, preserving the parent crystal structure with variable composition within solubility limits." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypoeutectoid steels have higher toughness due to ferrite dominance, while hypereutectoid steels show greater hardness from cementite networks", + "Hypoeutectoid steels contain less than 0.76% carbon and form proeutectoid ferrite, while hypereutectoid steels contain more than 0.76% carbon and form proeutectoid cementite", + "The distinction depends on cooling rate rather than composition, with hypoeutectoid forming at slower rates and hypereutectoid at faster rates", + "Hypoeutectoid steels are always below 0.2% carbon for weldability, while hypereutectoid steels exceed 1.0% carbon for tool applications" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 20 mol% YF3 is added to CaF2 to form a solid solution, the experimentally measured density of the solid solution is 3.64 g/cm3, and the lattice parameter at this time is a=0.55 nm. The type of this solid solution is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a simple substitutional solid solution without defects", + "a substitutional solid solution with cation vacancies", + "a substitutional solid solution with anion vacancies", + "an interstitial solid solution is formed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microscopic mechanisms of diffusion in crystalline solids include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "twin boundary migration", + "dislocation climb mechanism", + "grain boundary sliding", + "vacancy mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two intermetallic compounds, A B and A B_{2}, exist for elements A and B. If the compositions for A B and A B_{2} are 34.3 wt% A-65.7 wt% B and 20.7 wt% A-79.3 wt% B, respectively, and element A is potassium, which of the following is element B?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "arsenic (As)", + "selenium (Se)", + "bromine (Br)", + "krypton (Kr)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a Ni single crystal, there is a dislocation with Burgers vector b=a[0]12 on the (11T) plane. The lattice constant a=0.35 nm. What is the length of the dislocation's Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.495 nm", + "0.35 nm", + "0.254 nm", + "0.175 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal plane has the largest interplanar spacing in a face-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(200) plane", + "(100) plane", + "(110) plane", + "(111) plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which plane among (100), (110), and (111) in a face-centered cubic crystal is the close-packed plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(100) plane due to its highest planar density in simple cubic crystals", + "(110) plane because it contains the closest-packed direction <110>", + "(111) plane with its hexagonal arrangement of atoms", + "All three planes are equally close-packed in FCC crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are borosilicate glasses and fused silica resistant to thermal shock?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Their high elastic modulus prevents crack propagation during rapid temperature changes", + "They have relatively low coefficients of thermal expansion", + "The presence of boron creates stress-relieving microstructures in the glass network", + "Their high thermal conductivity allows rapid heat dissipation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ratio of butadiene to acrylonitrile repeat units in a copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of 250,000 g/mol and a degree of polymerization of 4640. The ratio is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fb/fa = 1.6", + "fb/fa = 2.5", + "fb/fa = 3.2", + "fb/fa = 4.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In stable ZrO2 material, cations form an fcc structure, and anions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. If 20 mol% CaO is added, what is the percentage of occupied tetrahedral interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "90%", + "80%", + "70%", + "60%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The driving force for nucleation in solid-state phase transformation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The difference in free energy between the new phase and the parent phase", + "The interfacial energy between the nucleus and the matrix", + "The elastic strain energy caused by volume mismatch", + "The activation energy for atomic diffusion across the interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strength of industrial pure copper is ${\\pmb{\\sigma{s}}}=70~{\\bf M}{\\bf P}{\\bf a}$, its grain size is $N{\\mathrm{A}}=18$ per $'\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}$, and when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=$ $\\bf{4025}$ per $\\scriptstyle{\\prime}{\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}}$, ${\\pmb{\\sigma}}{\\mathsf{S}}={\\pmb{95}}\\mathbf{M}\\mathbf{P}{\\bf a}$. Calculate ${\\pmb\\sigma_{\\mathfrak{s}}}$ when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=260$ per $\\scriptstyle{\\left/{\\mathfrak{m m}}^{2}\\right.}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.9 MPa", + "72.1 MPa", + "85.6 MPa", + "78.3 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 20-100°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decomposition of retained austenite", + "Formation of ε-carbides", + "Recovery of dislocations", + "Carbon segregation in martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The bonding forces between adhesive and adherend surfaces are thought to be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mechanical interlocking", + "Covalent", + "Van der Waals", + "Electrostatic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about dislocation loops is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation loops in BCC metals cannot have pure screw character", + "A perfect dislocation loop in FCC metals always dissociates into partials", + "The Burgers vector of a dislocation loop must lie in the loop plane", + "The strain field of a circular prismatic loop exhibits cubic symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the types of deformation textures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "sheet textures and fiber textures", + "elastic textures and plastic textures", + "isotropic textures and anisotropic textures", + "primary textures and secondary textures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In MgO-Al2O3 and PbTiO3-PbZrO3, which pair forms a limited solid solution, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "PbTiO3-PbZrO3 due to their different piezoelectric coefficients", + "PbTiO3-PbZrO3 because of their different Curie temperatures", + "MgO-Al2O3 owing to their incompatible thermal expansion coefficients", + "MgO-Al2O3 due to significant ionic radius mismatch and different crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.25-in.-diameter copper bar is cold worked 63%. What is the final diameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.125 in.", + "0.183 in.", + "0.152 in.", + "0.217 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the atomic radius of a metal that has the face-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.123nm, what is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.183nm³", + "0.258nm³", + "0.321nm³", + "0.416nm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the reason for the change in properties of ferrite compared to pure iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation pinning by carbide precipitates", + "Grain boundary refinement due to carbon segregation", + "Solid solution strengthening from carbon interstitial atoms", + "Phase transformation induced lattice distortion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do dislocations affect the plastic deformation ability of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations reduce plastic deformation by creating stress concentrations that initiate brittle fracture at lower strains", + "Dislocations enable plastic deformation by their movement, and strengthening is achieved by impeding this movement through increased dislocation density", + "Dislocations have no effect on plastic deformation as it is primarily governed by grain boundary sliding in metals", + "Dislocations increase elastic modulus which indirectly enhances plastic deformation capacity through stored elastic energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The packing density of FCC structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.52", + "0.68", + "0.74", + "0.80" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture helicopter propeller blades?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ti-6Al-4V alloy with controlled crystallographic texture", + "Al-Li alloy with Zr microalloying", + "Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking ordered structure", + "Ni-based superalloy with γ' phase precipitation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines adsorption?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adsorption is a surface phenomenon where molecules are trapped in surface defects and vacancies, analogous to point defects in crystalline materials.", + "Adsorption is the absorption of molecules into the bulk of a material, driven by concentration gradients and governed by Fick's laws of diffusion.", + "Adsorption is the result of the interaction between the force field on the surface of a solid and the force field of the adsorbed molecules, occurring on the solid surface, and is divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.", + "Adsorption is the complete wetting of a surface by a liquid, characterized by a contact angle of 0° and governed by Young's equation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 1Cr18Ni9Ti?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1Cr18Ni9Ti is a ferritic stainless steel with 0.1% C, 18% Cr, and 9% Ni", + "1Cr18Ni9Ti is a martensitic stainless steel with 18% Cr and 9% Ni, stabilized by Ti", + "1Cr18Ni9Ti is a duplex stainless steel containing 1% Cr, 18% Ni, and 9% Ti", + "1Cr18Ni9Ti is an austenitic stainless steel, wc=0.1%, wc=18%, WN=9%, wv=0.7%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a general property of glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anisotropic thermal conductivity", + "Crystalline long-range order", + "Definite melting point", + "Metastability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the shape memory mechanism of shape memory polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The shape memory effect arises from reversible phase transitions between amorphous and crystalline domains, where mechanical deformation is stored in the amorphous phase and recovered upon heating above the transition temperature.", + "Shape memory polymers rely on covalent crosslinking networks that prevent permanent deformation, with shape recovery driven by entropic elasticity when heated above the glass transition temperature.", + "The mechanism involves radiation-induced crosslinking that creates memory points, allowing temporary shapes to be fixed below the crystalline melting point and recovered when reheated.", + "Shape memory behavior is governed by oriented molecular chains in the rubbery state that become frozen in place upon cooling, with recovery occurring when thermal energy allows chains to return to their random coil configuration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In indium with a tetragonal structure, the relative atomic mass A_r=114.82, atomic radius r=0.1625 nm, lattice constants a=0.3252 nm, c=0.4946 nm, and density ρ=7.286 g/cm³. What is the packing fraction of In?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.7048", + "0.7231", + "0.6542", + "0.6873" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the characteristics of pore changes during secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pores transform into dislocation loops", + "Pores migrate to grain boundaries and coalesce", + "Pores undergo Ostwald ripening and disappear", + "Pores are encapsulated within the grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the equilibrium crystallization process of the Fe-0.4%C alloy and indicate the microstructure constituents at room temperature. The correct microstructure constituents are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+α+Fe3C", + "P+Fe3C", + "α+Fe3C", + "P+α" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the main characteristics of Frank partial dislocations in FCC crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shockley partial dislocation; Burgers vector is 1/3 <111>; screw-type; formed by atomic vacancy condensation; can cross-slip", + "Frank partial dislocation; Burgers vector is 1/6 <112>; mixed-type; formed by shear deformation; can glide on {111} plane", + "Frank partial dislocation; Burgers vector is 1/3 <111>; edge-type; formed by inserting/removing {111} plane; can only climb", + "Frank-Read dislocation; Burgers vector is 1/2 <110>; edge-type; formed by plastic deformation; can both glide and climb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following pairs of dislocations is equivalent to a row of vacancies (or a row of interstitial atoms)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A screw dislocation and an edge dislocation with opposite Burgers vectors", + "Two edge dislocations with parallel half-planes but opposite Burgers vectors", + "Two screw dislocations with antiparallel Burgers vectors", + "A positive and negative edge dislocation with collinear half-planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate tempering process in the process route of round dies made of 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "200-220°C", + "160-180°C", + "250-270°C", + "300-320°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As an economic measure, using pure lead instead of lead-tin alloy to make solder for brazing iron, how is the wettability of pure lead on iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Excellent wettability due to lead's low surface tension", + "Moderate wettability similar to lead-tin alloys", + "Poor wettability due to high contact angle with iron", + "Variable wettability depending on temperature only" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the symmetric tilt grain boundary of face-centered cubic metal $\\mathrm{Cu}$, the spacing between two positive edge dislocations is $D=1000\\mathrm{nm}$. Assuming the extra half-plane of the edge dislocation is the (110) plane and $d_{110}=0.1278\\mathrm{~nm}$, what is the tilt angle $\\theta$ of the tilt grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0146°", + "0.0073°", + "0.0292°", + "0.0219°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity and the electron mobility for aluminum are 3.8 x 10^7 (Ω·m)^-1 and 0.0012 m^2/V·s, respectively. The number of free electrons per cubic meter for aluminum at room temperature is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.75 x 10^27 m^-3", + "3.16 x 10^28 m^-3", + "1.98 x 10^29 m^-3", + "6.33 x 10^26 m^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following describes the influence of electronegativity difference on solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "If the electronegativity difference between alloy components is large, the solid solubility is extremely small", + "A moderate electronegativity difference enhances solid solubility by promoting ionic bonding", + "Electronegativity difference has negligible effect compared to atomic size factor", + "Large electronegativity differences increase solubility by forming intermetallic compounds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a spherical embryo with radius r appears in an undercooled liquid, what is the critical nucleus radius?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3σ/2ΔGv", + "2σ/ΔGv", + "√(3σ/ΔGv)", + "-2σ/ΔGv" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the origin and morphological characteristics of Fe3C eutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The eutectic Fe3C primarily nucleates at grain boundaries and grows as dendritic structures.", + "Fe3C forms as discrete particles uniformly distributed in the ferrite phase during eutectic reaction.", + "The cementite in the eutectic product ledeburite, which generally exists as the matrix.", + "Fe3C in eutectic structures appears as continuous thin films separating austenite phases." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An n-type semiconductor is known to have an electron concentration of 5 × 10^{17} m^{-3}. If the electron drift velocity is 350 m/s in an electric field of 1000 V/m, what is the conductivity of this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.028 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "0.175 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "0.280 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "0.035 (Ω·m)^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a green body with an initial particle size of 5μm. After sintering for 2h, x/r=0.1. If sintering continues until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when the material transport is dominated by evaporation-condensation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16h", + "8h", + "4h", + "32h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density for BCC lithium in the (110) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1443 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0724 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.1149 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0574 x 10^16 points/cm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher tensile modulus? Branched and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 g/mol; linear and isotactic poly(vinyl chloride) having a weight-average molecular weight of 75,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The branched and atactic PVC due to its higher molecular weight enhancing chain entanglement", + "The linear and isotactic PVC because crystallinity dominates over molecular weight effects", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the degree of branching in the atactic polymer", + "Both would have similar modulus as vinyl chloride's properties are insensitive to tacticity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 18 % pearlite and 82 % primary ferrite at room temperature. The carbon content of the steel is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.45 %c", + "0.77 %c", + "0.156 %c", + "0.0218 %c" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a substitutional solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A metastable phase formed by rapid quenching that retains solute atoms in non-equilibrium positions", + "A solid solution where interstitial atoms distort the host lattice without replacing atoms", + "An alloy phase where solute atoms replace solvent atoms while maintaining the solvent structure", + "A composite structure where solute atoms form ordered clusters within the solvent matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the diamond structure, carbon is connected by bonds, and the coordination number is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "metallic; 12", + "covalent; 4", + "ionic; 6", + "van der Waals; 8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm, a density of 4.37 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Determine the crystal structure of the metal.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The metal has a simple cubic crystal structure", + "The metal has a BCC crystal structure", + "The metal has an FCC crystal structure", + "The metal has a HCP crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does recrystallization conceptually refer to as a process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dissolution and reprecipitation of a substance to purify it", + "The phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline structure", + "The formation of new strain-free grains from deformed material during annealing", + "The rearrangement of dislocations into low-energy configurations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For most polymers, which configuration predominates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Head-to-head", + "Head-to-tail", + "Random orientation", + "Alternating head-to-head and head-to-tail" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When cold-drawn copper wires are used as overhead conductors (requiring certain strength), what final heat treatment process should be adopted?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress relief annealing (low-temperature annealing)", + "Solution heat treatment followed by quenching", + "Full recrystallization annealing at 500°C", + "Precipitation hardening at 300°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the reason for the formation of microsegregation and macrosegregation during non-equilibrium solidification of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Microsegregation arises from constitutional supercooling, while macrosegregation is caused by density differences in the melt", + "Both phenomena are caused by rapid cooling rates, with microsegregation occurring at the atomic scale and macrosegregation at the macroscopic scale", + "Microsegregation is caused by slow diffusion within grains, while macrosegregation results from solute redistribution across the entire casting", + "Microsegregation occurs due to interface instability, while macrosegregation results from preferential solute partitioning at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is no hole generated by the electron excitation involving a donor impurity atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Impurity atoms prevent the formation of holes through quantum confinement effects", + "Donor impurities introduce excess electrons that compensate for any potential holes", + "The energy required for excitation is too low to create electron-hole pairs", + "The excitation originates from an impurity level within the band gap, leaving no vacancy in the valence band" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, is it possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other? Branched and isotactic polystyrene that has a degree of polymerization of 4,000; linear and isotactic polypropylene that has a degree of polymerization of 7,500", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, linear and isotactic polypropylene will always have higher Tm due to its simpler chain structure", + "No, because the branching in polystyrene offsets its higher inherent chain stiffness compared to polypropylene", + "Yes, branched and isotactic polystyrene must have higher Tm because aromatic rings increase chain rigidity", + "No, because the degree of polymerization difference makes direct comparison impossible" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are ways to improve the strength of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding at elevated temperatures", + "Introducing coherent precipitates with lattice mismatch < 5%", + "Increasing dislocation density through cold working", + "Applying surface coatings with higher hardness than the substrate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a compressive force is applied along the [0001] direction of a hexagonal close-packed single crystal, what is the primary mode of deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Basal slip on (0001) plane", + "Prismatic slip on {10-10} planes", + "Pyramidal slip on {11-22} planes", + "Twinning after elastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a space group?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A group of atomic positions related by translational symmetry only", + "The collection of all symmetry elements in a crystal structure", + "The set of all possible crystallographic planes in a lattice", + "A mathematical description of electron density distribution in a unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 50 mol% Na2O is added to SiO2, what is the O:Si ratio?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.0", + "3.0", + "2.5", + "4.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes single slip and its slip lines?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single slip involves multiple slip systems with intersecting slip lines forming cross-hatched patterns", + "Single slip occurs on one slip system, producing parallel straight slip lines due to identical slip directions", + "Single slip refers to dislocation movement along the same direction but on non-parallel planes, creating wavy slip lines", + "Single slip occurs when dislocations move on alternating slip systems, producing zigzag slip line patterns" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The _（3）__ of an atom or ion refers to the number of atoms directly adjacent to it in the crystal structure or the number of all hetero-ions combined with it.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "atomic packing factor", + "coordination number", + "lattice parameter", + "ionic radius ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The formula for yttrium iron garnet (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) may be written in the form Y₃ᵃFe₂ᶜFe₃ᵈO₁₂², where the superscripts a, c, and d represent different sites on which the Y³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the Y³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions positioned in the a and c sites are oriented parallel to one another and antiparallel to the Fe³⁺ ions in d sites. Given the following information: (1) each unit cell consists of eight formula (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) units; (2) the unit cell is cubic with an edge length of 1.2376 nm; (3) the saturation magnetization for this material is 1.0 × 10⁴ A/m; and (4) assume that there are 5 Bohr magnetons associated with each Fe³⁺ ion, the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each Y³⁺ ion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.00 bm", + "2.50 bm", + "3.25 bm", + "1.75 bm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The equilibrium concentration of point defects increases with the rise of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "temperature", + "applied stress", + "grain size", + "cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are most covalent solids low-density materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The directional nature of covalent bonds prevents efficient atomic packing", + "Covalent solids have weaker interatomic forces compared to metallic bonds", + "The electron cloud repulsion in covalent solids creates larger interatomic distances", + "Covalent solids typically form at lower temperatures where atomic vibrations reduce packing efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous precipitation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous precipitation maintains the parent phase orientation while discontinuous alters it, with diffusion distances differing by orders of magnitude", + "Both types preserve crystal orientation, but discontinuous precipitation occurs faster due to higher nucleation rates at grain boundaries", + "The key difference is temperature dependence: continuous occurs isothermally while discontinuous requires rapid quenching", + "Discontinuous precipitation forms spherical precipitates while continuous creates lamellar structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the valence of I- in CdI2 crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The valence is saturated due to the 8-N rule where I (group VII) forms one bond", + "The valence is unsaturated because I- in CdI2 adopts a tetrahedral coordination geometry", + "The valence is saturated because CN(I)=3 and each I- shares 1/3 of its charge with three Cd2+ ions", + "The valence is unsaturated as the bond valence sum exceeds the formal oxidation state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The polarization P of a dielectric material positioned within a parallel-plate capacitor is to be 4.0 × 10^-6 C/m^2. What must be the dielectric constant if an electric field of 10^5 V/m is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.52", + "5.52", + "6.32", + "3.14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity of PbTe is 500 (Ω·m)^{-1}, whereas the electron and hole mobilities are 0.16 and 0.075 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. What is the intrinsic carrier concentration for PbTe at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.65 × 10^{21} m^{-3}", + "2.66 × 10^{22} m^{-3}", + "1.33 × 10^{22} m^{-3}", + "3.99 × 10^{22} m^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes solid solution strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of solute atoms in the solid solution causes lattice distortion of the solvent, thereby hindering dislocation motion and increasing its strength.", + "The formation of secondary phases at grain boundaries restricts grain boundary sliding, leading to enhanced strength.", + "Solute atoms increase the elastic modulus of the matrix, making it more resistant to deformation.", + "Interstitial atoms create covalent bonds with the host lattice, significantly raising the melting point and strength." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If tension is applied along the [110] direction of an FCC crystal, which of the following is the correct set of possible activated slip systems?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110], (111)[011]", + "(111)[110], (111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[101]", + "(111)[110], (111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110]", + "(111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110], (111)[101]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How are cold working and hot working generally distinguished?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Based on whether the processing temperature exceeds the material's glass transition temperature", + "Determined by the ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength at the processing temperature", + "Defined by whether dynamic recrystallization occurs during deformation", + "Generally distinguished based on the recrystallization temperature of metal materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The average grain diameter for a brass material was measured as a function of time at 650 degrees C, which is shown in the following table at two different times: Time (min) 40, Grain Diameter (mm) 5.6 x 10^-2; Time (min) 100, Grain Diameter (mm) 8.0 x 10^-2. What was the original grain diameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cannot be determined without knowing the grain growth exponent n", + "4.2 x 10^-2 mm", + "0.0 mm (initial nucleation size)", + "0.031 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists the hazardous substances prohibited by the EU RoHS Directive (now enacted as a regulation) that came into effect on July 1, 2006, along with their maximum allowable concentrations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lead (Pb, 0.1%), Mercury (Hg, 0.01%), Cadmium (Cd, 0.1%), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6, 0.1%), Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB, 0.1%), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE, 0.1%)", + "Lead (Pb, 0.1%), Mercury (Hg, 0.1%), Cadmium (Cd, 0.01%), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6, 0.1%), Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB, 0.1%), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE, 0.1%)", + "Lead (Pb, 0.1%), Mercury (Hg, 0.1%), Cadmium (Cd, 0.01%), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6, 0.1%), Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB, 0.01%), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE, 0.1%)", + "Lead (Pb, 0.1%), Mercury (Hg, 0.1%), Cadmium (Cd, 0.01%), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6, 0.01%), Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB, 0.1%), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE, 0.1%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the close-packed directions of an ideal hexagonal close-packed crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1-100)", + "[0001]", + "(11-20)", + "<11-20>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In CaO, the unit cell parameter a=0.480 nm, and the anions and cations are in contact with each other. The radius of Ca2+ is known to be 0.107 nm. What is the radius of O2-?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.113 nm", + "0.097 nm", + "0.133 nm", + "0.085 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], if the slip is caused by pure screw dislocations, what is the direction of the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[111]", + "[112]", + "[011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the minimum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 90 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 67 W/m·K for TiC and Ni, respectively. The minimum thermal conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "67.0 W/m·K", + "31.2 W/m·K", + "24.3 W/m·K", + "28.7 W/m·K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the FCC structure, when atoms are regarded as rigid spheres with radius r, what is the relationship between the atomic radius and the lattice constant a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "r = a / 2", + "r = a√2 / 4", + "r = a√3 / 4", + "r = a / √2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by H in α-Fe and γ-Fe, their locations, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: H: 0.046 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H forms interstitial solid solutions in both α-Fe and γ-Fe, with higher solubility in γ-Fe due to its larger octahedral interstitial sites", + "H forms substitutional solid solutions in α-Fe but interstitial solutions in γ-Fe, due to the BCC-FCC structural difference", + "H forms interstitial solutions in both phases, but solubility is higher in α-Fe due to its lower packing density", + "H cannot form stable solid solutions in either phase due to extreme size mismatch, only existing as trapped defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the performance characteristics of diamond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diamond has high hardness and a dense structure", + "Diamond exhibits high ductility and low thermal conductivity", + "Diamond shows anisotropic electrical conductivity similar to graphite", + "Diamond possesses metallic bonding characteristics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the hexagonal crystal system, the interplanar spacing of $(11\\overline{2}0)$ is $(10\\overline{1}0)$ interplanar spacing.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "√3 times", + "1/√2 times", + "Equal to", + "√2 times" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a disordered solid solution transforms into an ordered solid solution, the general trend in the changes of alloy properties is that strength and hardness:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Remain unchanged as the overall composition stays constant", + "Decrease because ordered arrangements reduce lattice distortion energy", + "Increase due to the formation of superlattice structures that impede dislocation motion", + "First decrease then increase due to competing effects of ordering and recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-70% Sn alloy. What is the composition of the first solid to form during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "70% Sn", + "19% Sn", + "61.9% Sn", + "98% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When selecting the unit parallelepiped of a space lattice, the primary principle is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The volume of the unit parallelepiped should be minimized for computational efficiency", + "The unit parallelepiped should contain the minimum number of lattice points", + "The edges of the unit parallelepiped must coincide with crystallographic axes", + "The symmetry of the unit parallelepiped should conform to the symmetry of the entire space lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a tie line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the line connecting the composition points of two equilibrium phases", + "the boundary between single-phase and two-phase regions in a phase diagram", + "the line indicating the maximum solubility limit in an alloy system", + "the path of phase transformation during continuous cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The close-packed plane of FCC structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{111}", + "{110}", + "{100}", + "{112}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution compound does austenite in carbon steel belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intermetallic compound of Fe3C", + "Substitutional solid solution of carbon in α-Fe", + "Interstitial solid solution of carbon in γ-Fe", + "Interstitial compound with carbon occupying substitutional sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymeric material contains polyvinyl chloride, with 900 monomers in one molecule. If each molecule can be stretched into a linear molecule, what is the theoretically maximum strain that can be achieved for this polymer (assuming the bond length of each C-C bond is $0.154\\mathrm{nm}$)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6750%", + "450%", + "1800%", + "3380%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the magnitude of the maximum stress that exists at the tip of an internal crack having a radius of curvature of 2.5 × 10^{-4} mm (10^{-5} in.) and a crack length of 2.5 × 10^{-2} mm (10^{-3} in.) when a tensile stress of 170 MPa (25,000 psi) is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "340 MPa (50,000 psi)", + "1700 MPa (250,000 psi)", + "850 MPa (125,000 psi)", + "2404 MPa (354,000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the measures to prevent the aging of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing crystallinity by annealing to reduce molecular chain mobility", + "Adding plasticizers to enhance polymer flexibility and prevent brittle fracture", + "Incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets to block UV radiation and oxygen diffusion", + "Using crosslinking agents to create three-dimensional networks that resist chain scission" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the CaO-SiO2 system, the liquidus line of SiO2 is very steep. Why can a small amount of CaO be added as a mineralizer in the production of silica bricks without reducing their refractoriness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The eutectic liquid phase content at 1436°C is only 5.4%, causing negligible impact on refractoriness", + "CaO forms a protective CaSiO3 layer that prevents further reaction at high temperatures", + "The steep liquidus slope means CaO solubility in SiO2 is extremely limited below 1600°C", + "Ca2+ ions substitute for Si4+ in the quartz lattice, stabilizing the high-temperature cristobalite phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When clay adsorbs different cations, what is the variation trend in slurry stability (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the thermal motion of atoms affect diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher thermal motion causes lattice contraction which decreases the available diffusion pathways", + "Thermal motion primarily affects the equilibrium vacancy concentration but has negligible impact on atomic jump frequency", + "Increased thermal energy reduces the activation energy barrier for diffusion, making atomic jumps less dependent on temperature", + "The enhancement of thermal motion will increase the jump distance, jump probability, and jump frequency of atoms, thereby increasing the diffusion coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When designing fiber-reinforced composites, for a matrix with lower toughness, the coefficient of expansion of the fiber can be what?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The fiber's thermal conductivity must match the matrix exactly", + "The fiber should have significantly higher fracture toughness than the matrix", + "The fiber's coefficient of thermal expansion should be slightly higher than the matrix", + "The fiber's elastic modulus must be at least 50% lower than the matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To survive for one million cycles under conditions that provide for equal compressive and tensile stresses, what is the fatigue strength, or maximum stress amplitude, required?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "110 MPa", + "44 MPa", + "22 MPa", + "220 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between a space lattice and a crystal lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A space lattice describes the periodic arrangement of unit cells, while a crystal lattice includes the actual atomic positions within those unit cells", + "A space lattice is the mathematical abstraction of a crystal lattice, where atoms are represented as dimensionless points", + "A crystal lattice is the 3D arrangement of atoms, while a space lattice is its 2D projection used in diffraction analysis", + "Space lattice refers to metallic crystals only, while crystal lattice applies to all crystalline materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the essence of aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The gradual loss of ductility in metals due to dislocation accumulation at grain boundaries", + "The process of separating a new phase from a supersaturated solid solution, leading to changes in microstructure and properties", + "The spontaneous decomposition of intermetallic compounds into their constituent elements at elevated temperatures", + "The diffusion-controlled homogenization of composition gradients in solid solutions over time" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the expression for calculating the force on dislocation motion, $f=\\tau b$, what does $\\tau$ refer to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress required for dislocation nucleation", + "The maximum principal stress acting on the crystal lattice", + "The resolved shear stress of the external force in the slip direction on the slip plane", + "The hydrostatic stress component of the applied load" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under conditions where cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+. Which of the following correctly expresses the chemical formula for this nonstoichiometric material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cu1.2O", + "Cu2O", + "CuO with oxygen vacancies", + "CuO0.8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于孪晶和孪晶界的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A twin boundary is a special type of stacking fault where the crystal structure changes abruptly without any mirror symmetry, commonly observed in FCC metals under high stress.", + "A twin boundary is a high-angle grain boundary with misorientation angle greater than 15 degrees, where the atomic arrangement is completely random across the boundary.", + "A twin boundary is an interface such that atoms on one side are located at mirror image positions of those atoms situated on the other boundary side. The region on one side of this boundary is called a twin.", + "A twin boundary is a phase boundary separating two distinct crystal structures, where the lattice parameters on either side are fundamentally different." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a Kevlar fiber-epoxy resin composite, the fiber volume fraction is 0.3, the density of epoxy resin is 1.25 g/cm³, and the density of Kevlar fiber is 1.44 g/cm³. What is the density of this composite material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.38 g/cm³", + "1.31 g/cm³", + "1.27 g/cm³", + "1.44 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a crystal undergoes tensile slip, the slip plane is driven to rotate, attempting to align parallel to the ______, while the slip direction also rotates to coincide with the ______ direction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "direction of maximum normal stress; direction of the force axis", + "direction of the force axis; maximum resolved shear stress", + "direction of minimum shear stress; direction of maximum normal stress", + "direction of maximum shear stress; direction of minimum normal stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes congruent and incongruent solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Congruent solidification occurs when the solid phase has the same composition as the liquid phase, while incongruent solidification involves peritectic reactions", + "Solidification without compositional change is called congruent solidification; conversely, solidification accompanied by compositional change is called incongruent solidification", + "Congruent solidification refers to isomorphous systems where the solid and liquid compositions are identical, whereas incongruent solidification occurs in eutectic systems", + "Congruent solidification describes polymorphic transformations during cooling, while incongruent solidification refers to precipitation reactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.5 mm(0.02 in.) and a tip radius of curvature of 5 × 10^{-3} mm(2 × 10^{-4} in), when a stress of 1035 MPa(150,000 psi) is applied. The theoretical fracture strength is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20.7 GPa (3 × 10^6 psi)", + "10.35 GPa (1.5 × 10^6 psi)", + "41.4 GPa (6 × 10^6 psi)", + "5.18 GPa (0.75 × 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly addresses the errors in the concept that it is impossible to observe the dendritic growth process of extremely pure metals, and that the dendritic growth morphology is merely a speculation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The observation is impossible because dendrites instantly remelt when exposed to any observation technique", + "Pure metals cannot form dendrites due to the absence of solute partitioning, making the concept fundamentally flawed", + "Dendritic morphology is only observable in alloys where solute trapping creates contrast for imaging", + "Dendritic growth can be directly observed using high-temperature confocal microscopy with proper environmental control" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a0=0.22858 nm and c0=0.35842 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1143 nm, the density is 1.848 g/cm3, and the atomic weight is 9.01 g/mol. What is the packing factor in the unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.74", + "0.68", + "0.82", + "0.77" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Many properties of clay are related to the types of adsorbed cations. Which of the following correctly represents the variation trend of the thixotropy of clay slurry when adsorbing the following different cations (use arrows to represent: small—large) H+ Al3+ Ba2+ Sr2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ K+ Na+ Li+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+", + "Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+ < H+", + "Na+ < Li+ < K+ < NH4+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the general process of spheroidizing annealing in the manufacturing process of round dies made from 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating to 790-810°C followed by isothermal holding at 700-720°C", + "Heating to 850-870°C followed by rapid quenching in oil", + "Heating to 730-750°C with slow cooling at 20°C/hour", + "Cyclic heating between 650-750°C with air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, the Burgers vector of dislocation (2) is $b^{(2)}=a[0,10]$, and the tangent direction of the dislocation line is $l^{(2)}=[001]$. Identify the type of this dislocation and the slip plane of the dislocation. If the slip plane is not unique, explain the constraints on the slip plane. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Screw dislocation with slip plane (010)", + "Edge dislocation with slip plane (100)", + "Mixed dislocation with multiple possible slip planes including (110)", + "Edge dislocation but the slip plane must be (010) due to the Burgers vector direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Linear polymers can be reused, also known as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastic", + "Elastomer", + "Viscoelastic polymer", + "Thermosetting plastic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of the microstructure and properties obtained by spinodal decomposition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spinodal decomposition creates a single-phase supersaturated solid solution with composition fluctuations invisible even at atomic resolution.", + "Spinodal decomposition produces a lamellar microstructure with alternating layers of different compositions, similar to pearlite formation in steels.", + "The resulting microstructure shows randomly dispersed spherical precipitates with a Gaussian size distribution, analogous to classical nucleation and growth.", + "The microstructure obtained by spinodal decomposition typically exhibits a quasi-periodic and interconnected composition modulation structure or a sponge-like organization, which is uniformly fine and can only be resolved under an electron microscope." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines Polymorph?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials with identical chemical composition but different crystal structures due to processing history", + "Materials exhibiting reversible structural transformations under mechanical stress", + "Crystals of the same chemical composition that form different structures under varying thermodynamic conditions", + "Materials showing different physical properties while maintaining the same phase structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade ZGMn13?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ZGMn13 is a high manganese wear-resistant steel, wc=1.15%, wMn=13%", + "ZGMn13 is a low alloy structural steel with 13% Mn and 1.3% C", + "ZGMn13 is an austenitic stainless steel containing 13% Mn and 0.13% C", + "ZGMn13 is a tool steel with 13% Mn and 1.3% C, primarily used for cutting tools" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, which of the following is the correct defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO + O0 → CaTh'' + V0'' + 1/2 O2(g)", + "CaO + ThTh → CaTh' + O0 + ThO2", + "CaO + V0 → CaTh'' + O0", + "CaO → CaTh'' + O0 + V0''" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in nitrides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bond with partial covalent character", + "Pure covalent bond", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Van der Waals-bonded molecular solid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is carburization performed in γ-Fe around 930‰, where the diffusion coefficient increases with temperature at high temperatures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To maximize carbon solubility while avoiding excessive grain growth in austenite", + "Because the diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum value at this temperature", + "To prevent the formation of cementite which would block carbon diffusion", + "Because γ-Fe transforms to δ-Fe above this temperature, reducing carbon solubility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the nature of the surface stresses for cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shear-dominant, caused by differential contraction rates", + "Compressive, as the interior resists thermal contraction", + "Tensile, due to greater contraction of the cooler surface layer", + "Neutral, balanced by stress relaxation mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When measuring the decomposition rate of alumina monohydrate, it was found that during the isothermal reaction, the mass loss increased linearly with time up to about 50%, and the rate of mass loss was less than the linear law when exceeding 50%. The rate increases exponentially with temperature. Is this a diffusion-controlled reaction or an interface first-order reaction-controlled reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface nucleation-controlled reaction", + "Interface first-order reaction-controlled reaction", + "Mixed control mechanism with both diffusion and reaction components", + "Diffusion-controlled reaction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The melt viscosity is 10^7 Pa·s at 727°C and 10^3 Pa·s at 1156°C. At what temperature will it be 10^6 Pa·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1024°C", + "927°C", + "808.5°C", + "689°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The equilibrium phase in pure iron at room temperature, characterized by a body-centered cubic crystal structure", + "A metastable phase formed during rapid quenching of steel, consisting of supersaturated carbon in a body-centered tetragonal iron matrix", + "The product of eutectoid transformation in iron-carbon alloys, it is a lamellar mixture of eutectoid ferrite and eutectoid cementite", + "A high-temperature phase in steel that forms above the upper critical temperature, with a face-centered cubic crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructure transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 100-250°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of lower bainite", + "Decomposition of martensite", + "Precipitation of epsilon-carbides", + "Recrystallization of ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, the direction of its slip motion is _ to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45° angle", + "anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict the strength σLu of an Al2O3 short fiber reinforced composite at a volume fraction φf=0.1, given the fiber stress σf=2190MPa and the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "386MPa", + "219MPa", + "76MPa", + "292MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the movement of an edge dislocation on the slip plane called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Climb", + "Glide", + "Slip", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What final heat treatment process can be used for overhead copper conductors (requiring certain strength) after processing for outdoor use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress relief annealing", + "Precipitation hardening", + "Full annealing", + "Recovery annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does allotropic transformation affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Allotropic transformation has negligible effect on diffusion coefficient as it primarily depends on temperature", + "The diffusion coefficient increases in BCC due to lower atomic packing density, but decreases in FCC due to higher activation energy for vacancy formation", + "The diffusion coefficient follows the same trend as Young's modulus changes during phase transformation", + "Diffusion becomes anisotropic with the transformation, but the average coefficient remains unchanged" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a metal that has the simple cubic crystal structure, the atomic radius is: (Given: density = 2.05g/cm³, atomic weight = 77.84g/mol)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.134 nm", + "0.144 nm", + "0.156 nm", + "0.122 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cold-drawn steel wire rope was used to hoist a large workpiece into a furnace and was heated together with the workpiece to $1,000^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$. Upon completion of heating, when the workpiece was lifted out, the steel wire rope broke. What is the reason for this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal expansion mismatch between the wire and workpiece induced fracture", + "The cold-drawn steel's dislocation density decreased during heating, causing strength loss", + "The steel's elastic modulus dropped below critical value at high temperature", + "Carbon diffusion at 1000°C created brittle cementite layers at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于反尖晶石结构的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inverse spinel structure belongs to the cubic crystal system with oxygen ions in cubic close packing, where divalent cations occupy octahedral sites and trivalent cations are equally distributed between octahedral and tetrahedral sites", + "Inverse spinel structure is hexagonal with oxygen ions in hexagonal close packing, where all trivalent cations occupy tetrahedral sites and divalent cations occupy octahedral sites", + "Inverse spinel structure has tetragonal symmetry where divalent cations exclusively occupy tetrahedral voids while trivalent cations fill octahedral voids", + "Inverse spinel structure maintains cubic symmetry but with divalent cations in tetrahedral sites and trivalent cations randomly distributed in octahedral sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949 nm and contains one vacancy per 500 Pb atoms. The density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "11.415 g/cm³", + "11.335 g/cm³", + "11.286 g/cm³", + "11.512 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the equilibrium phase diagram of an alloy, to determine the proportions of the various phases present in the alloy at a certain temperature and composition, which rule can be applied using an isothermal tie line for calculation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "lever rule", + "Gibbs phase rule", + "Schmid's law", + "Avrami equation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the deformation of polycrystals, under a certain amount of deformation, why do some grains exhibit single slip while others exhibit multiple slips?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion dominates in hard-oriented grains, leading to multiple slips, while volume diffusion controls soft-oriented grains resulting in single slip.", + "Hard-oriented stress axes induce multiple slips, such as <111>, <100>, <110> directions, while soft-oriented stress axes correspond to single slip, such as the <123> direction.", + "Grains with higher elastic modulus exhibit multiple slips due to increased dislocation density, while those with lower modulus show single slip.", + "The critical resolved shear stress is lower for multiple slip systems, causing hard-oriented grains to activate more slip systems simultaneously." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Na2O is added to SiO2, making O/Si=2.5, what happens to the crystallization ability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallization ability is enhanced due to decreased viscosity from increased O/Si ratio", + "Crystallization ability is weakened because Na+ ions disrupt the silicate network", + "Crystallization ability remains unchanged as the system reaches a metastable state", + "Crystallization ability first increases then decreases due to competing network modifiers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the radii of silicon and oxygen in quartz (SiO2) are 0.038 nm and 0.114 nm respectively, what is the packing density (assuming the atoms are spherical)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.37", + "0.42", + "0.28", + "0.33" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does Ca2Al[AlSiO7] belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Framework (tectosilicate)", + "Chain (pyroxene)", + "Sheet (phyllosilicate)", + "Group (double tetrahedron)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the quantitative relationship between the critical nucleus radius r_k and the undercooling ΔT?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "r_k=(2σT_m)/(L_m)×ΔT", + "r_k=(2σT_m)/(L_m)×1/ΔT", + "r_k=(2σΔT)/(L_mT_m)", + "r_k=(2L_m)/(σT_mΔT)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As the porosity of refractory ceramic bricks increases, what happens to the chemical resistance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical resistance increases due to reduced surface area for chemical attack", + "Chemical resistance decreases as porosity provides pathways for corrosive agents", + "Chemical resistance remains unchanged as porosity only affects mechanical properties", + "Chemical resistance first increases then decreases due to competing surface area and diffusion effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the zinc blende crystal structure, which is generated from close-packed planes of anions, what fraction of the positions will be occupied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Three-quarters of the interstitial sites", + "All of the tetrahedral positions", + "One-quarter of the octahedral positions", + "One-half of the tetrahedral positions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between functionality and the structural morphology of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher functionality monomers always lead to higher tensile strength regardless of polymerization conditions", + "Functionality determines the degree of branching but has no effect on crystallinity", + "Bifunctional monomers can form crosslinked networks when heated above their glass transition temperature", + "Tetrafunctional monomers produce linear polymers with alternating rigid and flexible segments" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium (In) has a tetragonal unit cell for which the a and c lattice parameters are 0.459 and 0.495 nm, respectively. If the atomic packing factor and atomic radius are 0.693 and 0.1625 nm, respectively, determine the number of atoms in each unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.0 atoms/unit cell", + "2.0 atoms/unit cell", + "4.0 atoms/unit cell", + "8.0 atoms/unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the cubic crystal system, the possible types of space lattices are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size in all polycrystalline materials", + "The Hall-Petch relationship applies only to BCC metals and breaks down for nanocrystalline materials", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows a linear increase in hardness with grain size reduction, regardless of crystal structure", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size exceeds 100 micrometers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the [11 0] crystal direction in a hexagonal crystal (in units of lattice constants a and c)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a√3", + "a√(3/4 + (c/a)^2)", + "a√(1 + (c/a)^2)", + "2a" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main morphological types of martensitic transformation products in steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "lath martensite and acicular martensite", + "plate martensite and twinned martensite", + "dislocation martensite and shear martensite", + "bainitic martensite and tempered martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm. In addition, it has a density of 4.37 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Determine the atomic radius of the metal from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.172 nm", + "0.189 nm", + "0.137 nm", + "0.155 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the density of fully crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene ρ_c = 2.296 g/cm³ and the density of completely amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene ρ_a = 1.984 g/cm³, calculate the crystallinity of a polytetrafluoroethylene sample with a density of 2.26 g/cm³. The crystallinity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "88.5%", + "92.3%", + "78.2%", + "64.7%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the normal spinel structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It belongs to the cubic crystal system, in which oxygen ions can be regarded as arranged in cubic close packing, divalent cations A fill one-eighth of the tetrahedral voids, and trivalent cations B fill half of the octahedral voids.", + "It belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, with oxygen ions in hexagonal close packing, divalent cations occupying all tetrahedral voids, and trivalent cations in one-third of octahedral voids.", + "It belongs to the cubic crystal system, with oxygen ions in cubic close packing, but with trivalent cations filling tetrahedral voids and divalent cations in octahedral voids (inverse spinel).", + "It belongs to the tetragonal crystal system, with oxygen ions in body-centered cubic arrangement, divalent cations in one-fourth of tetrahedral voids, and trivalent cations in three-fourths of octahedral voids." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the causes of primary banded structure formation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The banding occurs due to preferential diffusion of carbon atoms along specific crystallographic planes during normalizing heat treatment.", + "Primary banded structures result from alternating layers of ferrite and pearlite formed during isothermal annealing, with the spacing determined by the cooling rate.", + "The formation of primary banded structure is related to dendrite formation during solidification and the hot rolling process, where the dark bands are dendrite trunks (with fewer solutes) and the white bands are interdendritic regions enriched with impurities.", + "Banded structures originate from periodic variations in dislocation density caused by cyclic loading during mechanical processing." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A slip plane and a (7) on it form a slip system. Which of the following correctly fills in the blank (7)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Burgers vector", + "slip direction", + "twinning plane", + "critical resolved shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of metallic bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds are non-directional and non-saturated covalent bonds, where the binding force is the electrostatic Coulomb force between ions", + "Metallic bonds exhibit strong directional characteristics similar to covalent bonds, with localized electron pairs", + "The strength of metallic bonds is primarily determined by the number of valence electrons, similar to ionic bonding", + "Metallic bonding involves electron transfer between atoms, creating positively charged metal ions embedded in a sea of electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the recovery mechanism at low temperatures of 0.1~0.3Tm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recovery at 0.1~0.3Tm is dominated by dislocation climb and cross-slip mechanisms, similar to high-temperature recovery processes but occurring at slower rates due to reduced thermal activation.", + "Recovery at 0.1~0.3Tm low temperatures primarily involves the movement of point defects, where vacancies and interstitial atoms migrate to grain boundaries or dislocations and annihilate, the recombination of vacancies and interstitial atoms, and the aggregation of vacancies to form vacancy pairs or vacancy clusters, leading to a significant reduction in point defect density.", + "Low-temperature recovery (0.1~0.3Tm) mainly consists of stress relaxation through elastic strain recovery, with minimal contribution from defect migration or annihilation processes.", + "At 0.1~0.3Tm, recovery occurs through spontaneous recrystallization where new strain-free grains nucleate and grow to replace the deformed microstructure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following electrical characteristics for intrinsic and n-type extrinsic indium phosphide (InP) at room temperature, calculate the electron and hole mobilities (μₑ and μₕ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "μₑ = 0.02 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.50 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.50 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.02 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 1.25 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.05 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.05 m²/V·s, μₕ = 1.25 m²/V·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The macroscopic symmetry elements of crystals include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, rotoinversion axis, rotoreflection axis", + "center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, screw axis, glide plane", + "center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, Burgers vector, stacking fault", + "center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, dislocation line, twin boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To predict the normalizing effect of φ25 eutectoid steel bars, how applicable is the iron-carbon phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The iron-carbon phase diagram can accurately predict the pearlite fraction after normalizing", + "The phase diagram is only applicable for equilibrium conditions but can be modified with Scheil-Gulliver assumptions", + "It provides exact cooling rate parameters needed for normalizing treatment", + "The diagram is fully applicable as normalizing approaches equilibrium conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of a third element on the diffusion of components in a binary alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The third element segregates to grain boundaries, blocking short-circuit diffusion paths while leaving bulk diffusion unaffected", + "The third element increases lattice distortion energy, enhancing vacancy formation and thus accelerating diffusion", + "The third element forms stable compounds with solute atoms, creating diffusion barriers that reduce the overall diffusion coefficient", + "The third element modifies the electron density distribution, lowering activation energy for solute jumps and increasing diffusivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared to pure iron, how do the strength and hardness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Same as pure iron", + "Lower", + "Higher", + "Depends on the carbon content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of alloy is YT30?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yttria-titanium intermetallic compound", + "Tungsten carbide-cobalt composite", + "Titanium carbide-nickel cermet", + "Tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods and principles can refine metal grain size by increasing undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher undercooling reduces atomic diffusion, suppressing grain growth", + "Increasing undercooling enhances both nucleation rate and growth rate, but nucleation rate dominates", + "Undercooling creates more grain boundary defects that inhibit coarsening", + "The critical radius for nucleation decreases exponentially with undercooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the differences in the driving forces among recrystallization, primary recrystallization, and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization: stored energy; Primary recrystallization: free energy difference; Secondary recrystallization: interfacial energy", + "Recrystallization: interfacial energy; Primary recrystallization: stored energy; Secondary recrystallization: free energy difference", + "Recrystallization: free energy difference; Primary recrystallization: stored energy; Secondary recrystallization: interfacial energy", + "Recrystallization: stored energy; Primary recrystallization: interfacial energy; Secondary recrystallization: free energy difference" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies and corrects the error in the concept: Measuring the maximum undercooling during the crystallization of a pure metal casting, where the measured value is basically consistent with the calculated value using the formula ΔT=0.2Tm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Consider the cooling rate dependence of undercooling in thin-film samples", + "Use ΔT=0.18Tm for alloy systems instead of pure metals", + "Account for the latent heat release during recalescence phase", + "Measure the effective undercooling during homogeneous nucleation of a pure metal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basis for classifying grain boundaries into low-angle and high-angle grain boundaries?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal expansion coefficient difference between grains", + "The difference in elastic modulus across the boundary", + "The atomic density mismatch at the interface", + "The misorientation angle between adjacent grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to the equation σ(t) = σ(0) exp(-t/τ). A specimen of this polymer was pulled in tension to a strain of 0.6, with an initial stress level of 2.76 MPa (400 psi) that dropped to 1.72 MPa (250 psi) after 60s. Determine E_τ(10) for this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.25 MPa (616 psi)", + "3.82 MPa (554 psi)", + "2.87 MPa (416 psi)", + "5.12 MPa (742 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Phase transition is the mutual transformation between different phases of a material system", + "Phase transition occurs when a material's crystal structure changes without altering its chemical composition", + "Phase transition refers to the abrupt change in mechanical properties at a critical temperature", + "Phase transition describes the continuous evolution of material properties with changing environmental conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the effect of alloying elements (such as Cr, Mo, W, etc.) on improving the thermal strength of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "These elements form nano-sized precipitates that block grain boundary sliding under thermal stress.", + "Alloying elements reduce the stacking fault energy of steel, which enhances dislocation mobility and improves thermal strength.", + "The primary mechanism is through increasing the elastic modulus of steel at elevated temperatures.", + "Alloying elements (Cr, Mo, W, etc.) can increase the recrystallization temperature of steel, thereby improving its thermal strength." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution is formed when hydrogen atoms dissolve in aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial solid solution", + "Substitutional solid solution", + "Intermetallic compound", + "Eutectic mixture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound $\\operatorname{Cd}_{1+x}0$, the lattice defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frenkel defect dominates in NaCl at room temperature", + "Schottky defect formation energy decreases with increasing ionic radius", + "In TiO2, oxygen vacancies act as n-type dopants", + "Antisite defects are more common in intermetallics than in ionic crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a fibrous composite with fibers that are randomly and uniformly oriented within a specific plane, when a stress is applied in any direction within the plane of the fibers, what is the reinforcement efficiency?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of Taylor factor to Schmid factor", + "The Schmid factor for the most favorably oriented slip system", + "The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for slip system activation", + "The ratio of elastic modulus to shear modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between natural aging and artificial aging of aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Natural aging strengthens the alloy through dislocation movement while artificial aging uses precipitation hardening", + "Natural aging occurs at room temperature while artificial aging requires elevated temperatures", + "Natural aging is a reversible process while artificial aging causes permanent microstructural changes", + "Natural aging takes weeks to complete while artificial aging achieves similar results in hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusionless shear displacement with invariant plane strain characteristics, occurring at speeds approaching the speed of sound", + "Second-order phase transformation involving gradual atomic rearrangement through vacancy diffusion", + "Isothermal transformation requiring sustained thermal activation energy input", + "Reconstructive transformation with complete breaking of atomic bonds and random reformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The temperature coefficient of resistance (1) of resistive materials.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Depends on the sign of the temperature coefficient (positive for metals, negative for semiconductors)", + "Always requires minimization for precision applications", + "Must be maximized for thermistor applications", + "No intrinsic requirement - depends on specific functional needs" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 4-cm-diameter, 0.5-mm-thick spherical container made of BCC iron holds nitrogen at 700°C. The concentration at the inner surface is 0.05 atomic percent and at the outer surface is 0.002 atomic percent. The number of grams of nitrogen lost from the container per hour is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.521 × 10^{-4} g/h", + "2.732 × 10^{-3} g/h", + "1.245 × 10^{-3} g/h", + "3.114 × 10^{-3} g/h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of materials, which has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Aluminum bronze because the intermetallic phases create additional phonon transport pathways", + "Aluminum bronze because the aluminum addition increases the density of charge carriers", + "They have equal thermal conductivity since both are copper-based alloys", + "Pure copper due to higher electron mobility in the absence of aluminum impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role of Mg element in aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mg primarily forms intermetallic compounds with Al, significantly increasing hardness but reducing ductility", + "Mg acts as a grain refiner in Al alloys, improving strength through Hall-Petch mechanism while maintaining corrosion resistance", + "Mg has a good solid solution strengthening effect in Al, increasing strength while reducing density, but requires other elements for high-strength alloys", + "Mg creates precipitation hardening in Al alloys through Mg2Si phases, making it the primary strengthening mechanism in 6xxx series alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of a tantalum (Ta) atom, given that Ta has a BCC crystal structure, a density of 16.6 g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 180.9 g/mol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.136 nm", + "0.122 nm", + "0.143 nm", + "0.154 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the surface of a single crystal copper is exactly the {100} crystal plane, assuming the crystal can slip on various slip systems, what is the possible morphology of slip lines (the orientation of slip lines and the angles between them) that may be observed on the surface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip lines are parallel or intersect at 90° due to the cubic symmetry of FCC crystals", + "The slip lines form 60° angles corresponding to the {111} slip planes intersecting the surface", + "The slip lines show random orientations due to multiple activated slip systems", + "The slip lines form 45° angles representing the maximum resolved shear stress direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the lattice shear during bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bainitic transformation involves higher lattice shear than martensitic due to its intermediate transformation temperature", + "All three transformations involve lattice shear, with martensitic showing the highest shear strain", + "Only martensitic transformation involves lattice shear, while pearlitic and bainitic are diffusion-controlled with no shear", + "Pearlitic transformation involves no lattice shear, while bainitic transformation and martensitic transformation involve lattice shear" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound ZrO2-x, the lattice defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defects dominate at temperatures below 0.5Tm", + "Frenkel defects require cation-anion size mismatch", + "Dislocation climb is the primary mechanism for high-temperature creep", + "Grain boundary diffusion has higher activation energy than lattice diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic size", + "Crystal symmetry", + "Thermal conductivity", + "Electronegativity difference < 0.3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the critical resolved shear stress for slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimum resolved shear stress required to initiate slip system movement; it is a constant value, related to the intrinsic properties of the material and independent of the orientation of external forces", + "The maximum shear stress a material can withstand before fracture, dependent on both crystal orientation and temperature conditions", + "The stress required to activate the easiest slip system, which varies with the angle between slip plane and applied stress direction", + "The yield strength of a single crystal measured along its most favorable slip direction, equivalent to the macroscopic yield stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the strength of short fiber composites reaches 95% of the strength of continuous composites, what is the value of $\\frac{L_{\\mathrm{c}}}{L}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.05", + "0.5", + "0.1", + "0.2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On the curve of glass properties changing with temperature, what is the first characteristic temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Td (Deformation temperature)", + "Tm (Melting temperature)", + "Tx (Crystallization temperature)", + "Tg (Glass transition temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By how many orders of magnitude (powers of ten, approximately) does density vary for metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.13", + "1.3", + "13", + "130" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ${\\bf R O}\\mathrm{-SiO}{2}$ system, the order of the size of the immiscibility regions for: (1) $\\mathbf{Mg0-SiO}{2}$; (2) $\\mathbf{CaO}\\mathbf{-SiO}{2}$; (3) $\\mathbf{SrO}\\mathbf{-SiO}{2}$; (4) BaO$\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The immiscibility region size first increases then decreases with cation size due to competing effects of polarizability and field strength", + "The immiscibility region size increases with cation size because larger cations promote phase separation", + "The immiscibility region shows no systematic trend with cation size as it depends primarily on temperature", + "The immiscibility region size decreases with increasing cation size due to decreasing field strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the basic strengthening forms of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "solid solution strengthening", + "strain hardening", + "thermal expansion coefficient reduction", + "grain refinement strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy at 728°C, the composition and amount of each phase present is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: 0.0218% C, 56.1% γ: 0.77% C, 43.9%", + "α: 0.35% C, 43.9% γ: 0.77% C, 56.1%", + "α: 0.0218% C, 43.9% γ: 0.77% C, 56.1%", + "α: 0.77% C, 56.1% γ: 0.0218% C, 43.9%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Taking the Al-4.5%Cu alloy as an example, what is the decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution (precipitation sequence)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "θ' → GP zones → θ'' → θ", + "GP zones → θ' → θ'' → θ", + "θ'' → GP zones → θ' → θ", + "GP zones → θ'' → θ' → θ" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In face-centered cubic metals, can the dislocation b3 generated by the dislocation reaction b1 + b2 = b3 move on the slip plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because b3 has the minimum energy configuration for slip", + "No, because b3 is perpendicular to the {111} slip plane and cannot slip", + "Yes, but only at temperatures above 0.6Tm due to thermal activation", + "No, because b3 is a sessile dislocation with Burgers vector parallel to the slip plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the crystallization of certain castings, due to the faster cooling rate, the homogeneous nucleation rate N1 increases, and the heterogeneous nucleation rate N2 also increases. Therefore, the total nucleation rate is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "N = (N1 × N2)/(N1 + N2) (reciprocal relationship between competing mechanisms)", + "N = N1 + N2 (sum of both nucleation mechanisms contributes to total rate)", + "N = max(N1, N2) (only the faster nucleation mechanism is active)", + "N = N2 (heterogeneous nucleation dominates due to lower activation energy barrier)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 92.5 wt% Ag and 7.5 wt% Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "87.9 at% Ag and 12.1 at% Cu", + "92.5 at% Ag and 7.5 at% Cu", + "85.4 at% Ag and 14.6 at% Cu", + "89.7 at% Ag and 10.3 at% Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to determine the composition of an iron-carbon alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, the composition can be uniquely determined as 0.76 wt% C", + "No, the composition cannot be determined from this information alone", + "Yes, but there are two possible compositions (0.76 wt% C and 1.15 wt% C)", + "Only if the alloy is hypoeutectoid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For copper, the critical resolved shear stress is given by the equation \\(\\tau_{\\text{crss}} = \\tau_{0} + A \\sqrt{\\rho_{D}}\\), where \\(\\tau_{0} = 0.069 \\text{ MPa}\\) and the critical resolved shear stress is 0.69 MPa at a dislocation density of \\(10^{4} \\text{ mm}^{-2}\\). What is \\(\\tau_{\\text{crss}}\\) at a dislocation density of \\(10^{6} \\text{ mm}^{-2}\\)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21.9 MPa", + "2.19 MPa", + "0.69 MPa", + "6.28 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the relationship between the size of composite material specimens and their strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Larger specimens exhibit higher strength due to increased cross-sectional area and better load distribution", + "The larger the composite material specimen, the higher the probability of defects, and the lower the strength", + "Size has no effect on strength as long as the fiber-matrix ratio remains constant", + "Smaller specimens show lower strength due to edge effects and incomplete stress transfer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When stretching a copper single crystal, if the direction of the tensile axis is [001], σ=10⁶ Pa, the force on the screw dislocation line with Burgers vector b= a/2 [101] on the (111) plane (a_Cu=0.36 nm) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.039×10⁻⁴ N/m", + "2.078×10⁻⁴ N/m", + "5.196×10⁻⁵ N/m", + "3.117×10⁻⁴ N/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which is the most closely packed plane in a face-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "110", + "111", + "100", + "112" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is one of the two basic characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isothermal phase transition", + "Diffusionless transformation", + "Continuous lattice distortion", + "Equilibrium thermodynamic process" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the changes in properties of a Gu–30%Zn brass sheet after cold rolling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yield strength increases but ultimate tensile strength remains unchanged", + "Both hardness and electrical conductivity increase significantly", + "Ductility improves while maintaining original yield strength", + "Recrystallization temperature decreases due to stored energy accumulation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Heat treat Si3N4 at the eutectic temperature and measure its thermal etching groove angle as 60°, the grain boundary energy of Si3N4 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "779.4 mN/m", + "1558.8 mN/m", + "3117.6 mN/m", + "1039.2 mN/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When complete austenitization of steel is required, which original structure is better?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Coarse granular pearlite", + "Fine lamellar pearlite", + "Spheroidized cementite", + "Martensite with retained austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is no free electron generated by the electron excitation involving an acceptor impurity atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acceptor impurities create holes rather than free electrons in the valence band", + "The energy required exceeds the band gap, preventing transition to conduction band", + "The excited electron remains bound to the acceptor ion, forming a localized state", + "The impurity level acts as a recombination center for electrons and holes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients of carbon in titanium at different temperatures and the activation energy for diffusion Q=2342787J/mol, determine the diffusion coefficient of carbon at 500℃.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.87×10−10cm2/s", + "3.42×10−9cm2/s", + "5.76×10−11cm2/s", + "2.14×10−8cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the above alloy undergoes directional solidification in a horizontal round mold with a length of 100 cm, assuming no diffusion in the solid phase during solidification and complete mixing of the liquid composition, and the lines in the phase diagram can be simplified as straight lines, what is the length of the δ phase at the end of solidification? Given C0=0.4, K0=0.09/0.53=0.1698.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16.98 cm", + "42.30 cm", + "28.75 cm", + "53.00 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an intrinsic semiconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A semiconductor with temperature-independent carrier concentration", + "A semiconductor with equal numbers of electrons and holes at thermal equilibrium", + "A semiconductor whose conductivity is dominated by intrinsic defects", + "A semiconductor with high purity and no doped impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes Fick's first law, including its expression and the physical meanings of the letters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "J=-D(dc/dx) where J is diffusion flux (g/m²·s), D is diffusion coefficient (m²/s), and dc/dx is concentration gradient (g/m⁴)", + "J=D(dc/dx) where J is current density (A/m²), D is dielectric constant (F/m), and dc/dx is electric field gradient (V/m²)", + "J=-D(dρ/dx) where J is mass flux (kg/m²·s), D is thermal diffusivity (m²/s), and dρ/dx is density gradient (kg/m⁴)", + "J=-D(dT/dx) where J is heat flux (W/m²), D is thermal conductivity (W/m·K), and dT/dx is temperature gradient (K/m)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Arsenic (As) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Zinc Telluride (ZnTe). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Neutral (As forms an isoelectronic center)", + "Donor (As substitutes for Zn)", + "Amphoteric (As can substitute for both sites)", + "Acceptor (As substitutes for Te)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences in the phase transformation processes among recrystallization, primary recrystallization, and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primary recrystallization involves the formation of new strain-free grains, while secondary recrystallization involves abnormal grain growth without phase change.", + "Recrystallization involves a phase transformation process, while primary recrystallization and secondary recrystallization do not involve a phase transformation process.", + "All three processes involve phase transformations, but differ in the driving forces and nucleation mechanisms.", + "Recrystallization and primary recrystallization both involve phase transformations, while secondary recrystallization is purely a grain growth phenomenon." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the nearest neighbor atomic spacing in a diamond unit cell is 0.1544nm, what is the packing density ξ of diamond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.68", + "0.52", + "0.34", + "0.74" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the equilibrium distribution coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of solid solubility limits at two different temperatures in a phase diagram", + "The ratio of diffusion coefficients between solute atoms in solid and liquid phases at eutectic temperature", + "The ratio of elastic modulus to shear modulus in a two-phase composite material", + "The ratio of solid phase composition to liquid phase composition at equilibrium during solidification of solid solution alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What thermodynamic condition must be met for a state of equilibrium to exist?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The chemical potentials of all components must be equal across phases", + "The system must satisfy both the first and second laws of thermodynamics simultaneously", + "The entropy of the system must be maximized at constant internal energy", + "The Gibbs free energy must be minimized for given temperature and pressure conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In substitutional solid solutions, the general mode of atomic diffusion is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion with activation energy proportional to the melting point", + "Interstitial diffusion with concentration-dependent activation energy", + "Vacancy exchange mechanism with coordination-number dependent jump frequency", + "Direct atomic exchange through interstitialcy mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The _ of an atom or ion refers to the number of atoms directly adjacent to it in the crystal structure or the number of all hetero-ions combined with it.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Valence electron count", + "Coordination number", + "Atomic packing factor", + "Nearest neighbor distance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are two important advantages of hybrid composites over normal fiber composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Better overall property combinations and less catastrophic failure modes", + "Higher specific stiffness and improved thermal conductivity in all directions", + "Reduced interfacial bonding strength but enhanced fatigue resistance", + "Lower density and isotropic mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic number of chromium is 24, and it has a total of 4 isotopes: 4.31% of Cr atoms contain 26 neutrons, 83.76% contain 28 neutrons, 9.55% contain 29 neutrons, and 2.38% contain 30 neutrons. What is the relative atomic mass of chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "52.000", + "52.057", + "51.996", + "52.123" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector in BCC niobium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.443 Å", + "3.301 Å", + "2.853 Å", + "4.078 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A contact device is made of silver-tungsten composite material. Its production process involves first creating a porous tungsten powder metallurgy blank, and then infiltrating pure silver into the pores. Before silver infiltration, the density of the tungsten compact is 14.5 g/cm³. The mass fraction of silver in the blank after infiltration is: (The densities of pure tungsten and pure silver are 19.3 g/cm³ and 10.49 g/cm³, respectively. Assume the tungsten blank is very thin and entirely composed of open pores.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "24.8%", + "15.4%", + "10.2%", + "18.6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence or absence of", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stacking fault energy of austenite", + "The presence of substitutional alloying elements", + "The eutectoid reaction temperature", + "The critical cooling rate for martensite formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the face-centered cubic close-packed structure of the NaCl unit cell, where are the tetrahedral void positions located?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the midpoints of all face diagonals in the unit cell", + "At the centers of the 8 small cubes formed by dividing the unit cell", + "At the centers of the octahedral coordination sites", + "At the positions where the Na+ ions are located" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method for refining grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching", + "Stirring or vibration", + "Alloying with grain refiners", + "Applying magnetic fields during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the brass and titanium pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Corrosion is possible, and titanium will corrode", + "No corrosion will occur due to titanium's passivation layer", + "Corrosion is possible, and brass will corrode", + "Both metals will corrode equally due to galvanic coupling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a diffusion experiment of a certain crystal, it was found that at 500°C, 1 in 10^10 atoms had sufficient activation energy to jump out of their equilibrium positions and enter interstitial positions; at 600°C, this ratio increased to 10^9. The activation energy required for this jump is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.62×10^(-19) J", + "1.72×10^(-19) J", + "2.14×10^(-19) J", + "4.28×10^(-19) J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Kaolinite belongs to the layered silicate structure, with one layer being silicon-oxygen tetrahedral layer and another layer being:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "silicon-oxygen tetrahedral layer and magnesium-oxygen octahedral layer", + "silicon-oxygen tetrahedral layer and aluminum-oxygen octahedral layer", + "silicon-oxygen tetrahedral layer and silicon-oxygen octahedral layer", + "aluminum-oxygen tetrahedral layer and aluminum-oxygen octahedral layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can be used to form non-crystalline solids (NCS)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching of metallic melts at cooling rates >10^6 K/s", + "Slow cooling of polymer melts below their glass transition temperature", + "Ion implantation-induced amorphization of crystalline silicon", + "Mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a hard alloy containing WC, TiC, TaC, and Co with mass fractions of 0.25, 0.15, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively. Their densities are 15.77 g/cm³, 4.94 g/cm³, 14.5 g/cm³, 8.9 g/cm³. What is the density of this composite material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.7 g/cm³", + "13.2 g/cm³", + "9.8 g/cm³", + "11.5 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the deformation of polycrystals, under a certain amount of deformation, why do some grains exhibit large slip amounts while others show small slip amounts?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Differential thermal expansion coefficients causing uneven deformation", + "Because grains with higher elastic modulus deform less under the same stress", + "Random statistical variation in dislocation density distribution among grains", + "Due to differences in the Schmid factor of individual grains leading to varying resolved shear stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for calcium fluoride (CaF2)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pure ionic bonding with no covalent contribution", + "Predominantly ionic with slight covalent character", + "Metallic bonding due to calcium's free electrons", + "Network covalent bonding forming continuous 3D structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 275 MPa (40,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 115 GPa (16.7 x 10^6 psi). What is the maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a cross-sectional area of 325 mm^2 (0.5 in.^2) without plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "143,750 N (32,300 lb_f) - incorrectly doubling the yield stress for safety factor", + "37,375 N (8,400 lb_f) - calculated using elastic modulus instead of yield stress", + "115,000 N (25,850 lb_f) - using the modulus value directly as stress", + "89,375 N (20,000 lb_f)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the cubic {111} plane family?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cubic {111} plane family includes three planes forming 60° angles with each other", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes six planes equivalent to the faces of an octahedron", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes four planes: (111), (111), (111), (111)", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes eight planes corresponding to the octahedral slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Liquid and Liquid +α", + "α and Liquid +α", + "α and α+β", + "Liquid +α and α+β" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a quasicrystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A solid with long-range orientational order but no translational symmetry, exhibiting non-crystallographic rotational symmetry in diffraction patterns", + "A crystalline phase with imperfect periodicity that can be described by conventional unit cells with defects", + "A metastable amorphous solid with short-range order similar to metallic glasses", + "A special type of polycrystalline material with grain boundaries exhibiting five-fold symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO has a NaCl-type structure. The ionic radius of Mg2+ is 0.078nm, and the ionic radius of O2- is 0.132nm. What is the packing fraction (K) of MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.680", + "0.740", + "0.627", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many grams are there in one amu of a material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.66 x 10^-24 g/amu", + "6.02 x 10^23 g/amu", + "1.00 g/amu", + "9.11 x 10^-28 g/amu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are factors affecting the plasticity of clay?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface tension and dielectric constant", + "Crystalline structure and elastic modulus", + "Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity", + "Mineral composition and water content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Lithium fluoride (LiF) has a NaCl-type structure, and its measured density is 2.6 g/cm³. Based on this data, the unit cell parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.405 nm", + "0.402 nm", + "0.408 nm", + "0.395 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of die casting technique?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Semi-permanent mold, variable casting rates, centrifugal force filling, modular mold, all size castings", + "Expendable mold, low casting rates, gravity-fed, single-piece mold, large castings", + "Permanent mold, medium casting rates, vacuum-assisted filling, multi-piece mold, medium castings", + "Permanent mold, high casting rates, molten metal forced under pressure, two-piece mold, small castings" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute the electrical conductivity of a cylindrical silicon specimen 7.0mm (0.28 in.) diameter and 57mm (2.25 in.) in length in which a current of 0.25 A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of 24V is measured across two probes that are separated by 45mm (1.75 in.). The electrical conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "48.8 (Ω·cm)^{-1}", + "24.4 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "6.1 (Ω·cm)^{-1}", + "12.2 (Ω·m)^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the interaction between water and clay, what can be found around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hydrated silicate layers", + "Bound water with reduced mobility", + "Double layer of counterions", + "Free water" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines adhesion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adhesion describes the resistance of a material to permanent deformation under load", + "Adhesion is the intermolecular force that holds particles of the same material together", + "Adhesion refers to the attraction between two surfaces in contact, occurring at the solid-liquid interface", + "Adhesion is the energy required to separate two bonded surfaces at the atomic scale" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the seven polymorphic forms of $\\mathrm{{SiO}}_{2}$, there are two types of transformations: one is displacive transformation, and the other is reconstructive transformation. The activation energy required for displacive transformation is _____ that for reconstructive transformation.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy is determined by the degree of bond angle distortion during transformation", + "The activation energy is proportional to the density difference between polymorphic forms", + "The activation energy depends on the coordination number change during phase transition", + "The activation energy is inversely related to the thermal expansion coefficient difference" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for tin?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "150°C", + "-71°C", + "0°C", + "-196°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of carbon in low-alloy steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Forms carbides that primarily increase hardness at the expense of toughness", + "Maintains ductility while providing solid solution strengthening", + "Acts as a grain refiner to improve both strength and corrosion resistance", + "Creates pearlite structures that dominate the mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion constant of carbon in γ-Fe D0=2.0×10^-5m^2/s and the activation energy for diffusion Q=140×10^3J/mol, the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe at 927℃ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.42×10^-11 m^2/s", + "2.0×10^-5 m^2/s", + "15.99×10^-12 m^2/s", + "3.18×10^-13 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines deformation texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The residual stress distribution in a material after deformation, which affects the macroscopic texture observed by X-ray diffraction.", + "The alignment of dislocations along specific slip systems during plastic deformation, which creates a characteristic pattern in the microstructure.", + "The deformation process causes the grains to rotate, and finally certain crystallographic directions within each grain tend to become parallel. This preferred orientation due to deformation is called deformation texture.", + "The statistical distribution of grain boundary misorientation angles that develops during severe plastic deformation processes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the basic concept of dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations are equilibrium defects that minimize system energy by creating perfect crystalline regions separated by disordered boundaries.", + "Dislocations are temporary distortions in atomic spacing that fully recover upon removal of applied stress, similar to elastic deformation.", + "Dislocations refer to the complete breakage of atomic bonds leading to permanent material failure, analogous to brittle fracture.", + "Dislocations are a type of arrangement defect in crystal structures, which can be divided into edge dislocations, screw dislocations, and mixed dislocations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the reverse transformation phenomenon in the characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reverse transformation occurs spontaneously at room temperature due to residual stress relaxation", + "Martensite reverts to austenite through a two-stage process involving intermediate carbide precipitation", + "When martensite is heated at a sufficiently rapid rate, it can directly transform back to the high-temperature phase without decomposition", + "The reverse transformation requires simultaneous application of pressure and temperature above A3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are disadvantages of cold working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Enhanced electrical conductivity through grain refinement", + "Improved surface finish and dimensional accuracy", + "Reduced dislocation density due to dynamic recovery", + "High deformation energy requirements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ilmenite crystal structure of FeTiO3, which consists of an HCP arrangement of O2- ions, what fraction of the total tetrahedral sites will be occupied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/3 of tetrahedral sites are occupied by Fe2+", + "1/2 of tetrahedral sites are occupied by Ti4+", + "All tetrahedral sites remain vacant", + "1/4 of tetrahedral sites are randomly occupied by Fe2+ and Ti4+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines isotopes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Elements with identical atomic numbers but varying neutron counts, resulting in different nuclear properties while maintaining identical electron configurations", + "Substances that occupy the same position in the periodic table, although their masses are different, yet their chemical properties are the same", + "Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in both physical and chemical properties", + "Different crystalline forms of the same element where atomic arrangement differs but chemical composition remains constant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the total migration distance $S$ of carbon atoms, given the carbon atom jump frequency as $\\Gamma=1.7\\times10^{9}/\\mathrm{s}$, jump distance as $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and time as $4\\mathrm{h}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.619 m", + "6193 m", + "1.72×10^6 m", + "2.53×10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the definition of critical resolved shear stress?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress at which dislocation multiplication becomes the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The maximum shear stress a polycrystalline material can withstand before fracture", + "The minimum resolved shear stress required to initiate slip in a perfect single crystal under pure shear loading", + "The resolved shear stress when the Schmid factor equals 0.5" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the actual grain size of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The theoretical maximum grain size predicted by the Hall-Petch relationship", + "The size of austenite grains obtained under a specific heat treatment condition", + "The average grain size measured at room temperature after quenching", + "The critical grain size required for recrystallization to occur" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the volume fraction φ_Fe3C of the Fe3C phase in 40 steel, given the mass fraction of carbon w_c=0.004.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.03", + "0.12", + "0.06", + "0.09" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 10mol% Na2O is added to SiO2, what is the calculated O:Si ratio?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.1", + "2.0", + "2.2", + "2.5" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What material is suitable for a thermocouple sheath?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline alumina with 5% porosity", + "Hot-pressed silicon nitride with 99% density", + "Reaction-bonded silicon carbide with 15% free silicon", + "Yttria-stabilized zirconia with 3% alumina dopant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the maximum undercooling during the solidification of pure nickel is 0.18 times its melting point (t_m=1453°C), what is the driving force for solidification? (ΔH=-18075 J/mol)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-3,615.0 J/mol", + "-2,902.8 J/mol", + "-3,253.5 J/mol", + "-4,000.0 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 3-in.-diameter rod of copper is to be reduced to a 2-in.-diameter rod by being pushed through an opening. To account for the elastic strain, what should be the diameter of the opening? The modulus of elasticity for the copper is 17 × 10^{6} psi and the yield strength is 40,000 psi.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.015 in.", + "2.005 in.", + "1.985 in.", + "1.995 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the correct expression for the unsteady-state diffusion equation when the diffusion coefficient D does not vary with concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "∂C/∂t = D(∂C/∂x)", + "∂C/∂x = D(∂²C/∂t²)", + "∂²C/∂t² = D(∂²C/∂x²)", + "∂C/∂t = D(∂²C/∂x²)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Resistance materials can be divided into which of the following according to their characteristics and applications?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precision resistance materials", + "Structural resistance materials", + "Film resistance materials", + "Electric heating materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the special properties of ceramic materials from the perspective of bonding?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mixed metallic-covalent bonding in ceramics creates a unique electron cloud structure that allows for both high electrical conductivity and thermal stability, explaining their use in semiconductor applications.", + "Due to the strong ionic and covalent bonds, ceramics exhibit high compressive strength and extreme hardness. Since the outer electrons are in a stable structural state and cannot move freely when atoms are bonded by ionic and covalent bonds, ceramic materials have very high melting points, excellent oxidation resistance, high-temperature stability, and superior chemical stability.", + "Ceramics derive their properties primarily from weak van der Waals forces between layers, which explains their characteristic brittleness and low thermal expansion coefficients.", + "The special properties of ceramics arise from hydrogen bonding networks that create directional strength, similar to polymer materials, while maintaining crystalline order at high temperatures." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When bending a tin plate (with a melting point of 232°C) back and forth at room temperature, what phenomenon will occur as the bending proceeds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dynamic recrystallization occurs in the Sn plate, allowing it to be bent for an extended period", + "Dislocation pile-up leads to rapid work hardening and fracture after few cycles", + "Localized melting occurs at grain boundaries due to frictional heating", + "Phase transformation from β-Sn to α-Sn occurs at the bending zone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 5.5 wt% Pb and 94.5 wt% Sn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.89 at% Pb and 97.11 at% Sn", + "5.5 at% Pb and 94.5 at% Sn", + "3.23 at% Pb and 96.77 at% Sn", + "6.12 at% Pb and 93.88 at% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of some metal having a rectangular cross section 11.2mm × 12.4mm is pulled in tension with a force of 31200N, which produces only elastic deformation. Given that the elastic modulus of this metal is 63 GPa, the resulting strain is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.92 × 10^{-3}", + "3.58 × 10^{-3}", + "1.46 × 10^{-3}", + "5.84 × 10^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It is a type of linear defect in crystals, characterized by a regular misalignment of atoms along a line; this defect is described by both a line direction and a Burgers vector.", + "It is a two-dimensional defect where crystal planes terminate abruptly, creating an interface between perfect crystal regions with different orientations.", + "It is a point defect caused by thermal vibrations that temporarily displace atoms from their lattice sites, creating localized strain fields.", + "It is a volume defect formed by clustering of vacancies that creates a three-dimensional region of disordered atomic arrangement." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some hypothetical alloy is composed of 25 wt% of metal A and 75 wt% of metal B. If the densities of metals A and B are 6.17 and 8.00g / {cm}^{3}, respectively, and their respective atomic weights are 171.3 and 162.0g / mol, and a unit cell edge length of 0.332nm is assumed, the crystal structure for this alloy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "face-centered cubic", + "simple cubic", + "body-centered cubic", + "hexagonal close-packed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which method can be used to distinguish between 45 steel and HT150 metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "X-ray diffraction analysis of crystal structure", + "Measuring thermal conductivity at 500°C", + "Comparing Brinell hardness values at room temperature", + "Metallographic examination of pearlite formation patterns" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which method is used to strengthen austenitic stainless steel in production?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Precipitation hardening", + "Grain boundary strengthening", + "Work hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the Burgers vector b=0.25 nm, if the misorientation angle θ of a symmetric tilt grain boundary is 10°, what is the distance between dislocations at the grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.25 nm", + "1.4 nm", + "2.5 nm", + "0.7 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the concept of dynamic undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The additional undercooling needed to overcome the kinetic barrier at the solid-liquid interface during rapid solidification processes.", + "The minimum temperature difference required to initiate solidification in a supercooled liquid, calculated as the difference between the melting point and the temperature at which nucleation first occurs.", + "During crystal growth, a certain degree of undercooling in the liquid ahead of the solid/liquid interface is required to satisfy (dN/dt)F > (dN/dt)M. This undercooling is called dynamic undercooling (ΔTc = Tm − Ti), which is a necessary condition for crystal growth.", + "The temperature difference between the theoretical melting point and the actual solidification temperature when considering only thermodynamic factors, excluding kinetic effects." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a piece of iron is heated to $850^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and then rapidly cooled to $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, how many times should the number of vacancies increase before and after the treatment (assuming the energy required to form one mole of vacancies in iron is 104600J)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.24×10^12 times", + "0.616×10^14 times", + "3.08×10^13 times", + "2.47×10^11 times" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system listed below has the following interaxial angle relationship?\n\\[\n\\alpha=\\beta=90^{\\circ}, \\gamma=120^{\\circ}\n\\]", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal expansion behavior is isotropic due to cubic symmetry", + "The system shows positive thermal expansion dominated by anharmonic atomic vibrations", + "The system exhibits negative thermal expansion due to rigid unit modes in the crystal structure", + "The material undergoes a phase transition that masks the intrinsic thermal expansion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about zone melting is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In martensitic transformations, the shape change is accommodated purely by elastic deformation with no plastic deformation occurring", + "The Bain strain model can fully explain the observed crystallographic features of martensitic transformations without invoking additional lattice invariant shear", + "Martensitic transformations always result in a single variant of martensite with no retained austenite", + "The interfacial energy between martensite and austenite is the dominant factor controlling the transformation kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What type(s) of magnetism would you suggest is (are) being displayed by this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ferromagnetic behavior only", + "Diamagnetic behavior only", + "Both diamagnetic and paramagnetic behavior", + "Antiferromagnetic behavior with weak ferromagnetic coupling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what is Fe3CII precipitated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cementite", + "Ferrite", + "Austenite", + "Pearlite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the angle between the [100] and [111] crystallographic directions in face-centered cubic metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45.0°", + "54.7°", + "60.0°", + "35.3°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly states the Pauli exclusion principle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical quantum numbers", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy levels", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that electrons preferentially occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide (solute) form a substitutional solid solution. Which of the following is the correct defect equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VMg'' + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VO·· + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO AlMg· + VMg'' + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VAl''' + 3OOc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a silicon single crystal wafer with a thickness of 0.5 mm. On one end face, every 10^7 silicon atoms contain two atoms, while the other end face has an increased concentration of gallium after treatment. Determine how many gallium atoms per 10^7 silicon atoms are required on this face to achieve a concentration gradient of 2×10^26 atoms/m³·m. The lattice constant of silicon is 0.5407 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "26", + "18", + "22", + "14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the reason for the difference in property changes between short-period elements and long-period elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lanthanide contraction causes unexpected periodicity in transition metals", + "Long-period elements exhibit stronger metallic bonding due to increased nuclear charge", + "Relativistic effects become significant in heavier elements altering orbital shapes", + "The presence of d-block elements introduces additional electron shielding effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A photomicrograph was taken of a specimen at a magnification of 100 ×, and it was determined that the average number of grains per square inch was 200. What is this specimen's ASTM grain size number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.9", + "5.9", + "3.9", + "4.9" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can the network cementite in hypereutectoid steel be eliminated by heating above Ac cm followed by air cooling and subsequent treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating above Ac cm followed by controlled cooling at 50°C/hour to prevent network cementite formation", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by rapid quenching to form martensite, then performing low-temperature tempering", + "Heating just below Ac cm followed by slow cooling to promote complete spheroidization of cementite", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by air cooling to obtain a pseudo-eutectoid structure, then performing high-temperature tempering or spheroidizing annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Small-angle grain boundaries are composed of dislocations, among which twist boundaries are composed of what type of dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge dislocations", + "Screw dislocations", + "Mixed dislocations with 60° character", + "Partial dislocations with Shockley partials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes superplasticity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An anomalous increase in Young's modulus observed in nanocrystalline metals when grain size decreases below 10nm", + "A special case of viscoelastic behavior where polymers show reversible deformation exceeding 500% strain when heated above glass transition temperature", + "The ability of shape memory alloys to recover their original shape after being deformed up to 8% strain upon heating", + "A phenomenon where metallic materials exhibit extreme ductility (>200% elongation) under specific temperature and strain rate conditions, characterized by high strain rate sensitivity (m=0.3-0.8)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the crystallization of a solid solution, nucleation requires which of the following fluctuations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "composition; temperature; stress", + "structure; energy; composition", + "density; viscosity; entropy", + "magnetic moment; charge; spin" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of medium-temperature recovery and its driving force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Medium-temperature mechanism: dominated by dislocation climb and cross-slip. Driving force: thermal activation overcoming the Peierls barrier", + "Medium-temperature mechanism: involves vacancy diffusion and grain boundary migration. Driving force: reduction in interfacial energy due to grain growth", + "Medium-temperature mechanism: primarily involves recrystallization and new grain formation. Driving force: stored strain energy from plastic deformation", + "Medium-temperature mechanism: corresponds to the slip (rearrangement, annihilation) of dislocations. Driving force: the release of stored energy (mainly lattice distortion energy) generated during cold deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following characteristics are displayed by hard magnetic materials in terms of hysteresis loop size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exhibit large hysteresis loops with high coercivity", + "Show narrow hysteresis loops similar to soft magnetic materials", + "Display zero hysteresis due to perfect domain alignment", + "Demonstrate reversible hysteresis loops under alternating fields" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of thermosetting polymer materials from the perspective of polymer chain structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermosetting polymers have a three-dimensional (cross-linked network) polymer chain structure, are insoluble in any solvent, and cannot be melted. Once set, their shape cannot be altered and they cannot be recycled.", + "Thermosetting polymers consist of linear polymer chains that can be dissolved in certain solvents and remelted under high temperature, allowing for limited recycling through mechanical processing.", + "Thermosetting polymers exhibit a partially cross-linked structure that allows for solvent swelling but not complete dissolution, with shape memory properties enabling thermal reshaping.", + "Thermosetting polymers have a two-dimensional layered polymer chain structure that provides exceptional thermal stability while maintaining limited solubility in polar solvents." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming we add Na2O with w(Na2O)=10% to SiO2, what is the ratio of oxygen to silicon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.222", + "2.000", + "2.111", + "2.333" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystallographic characteristics of martensitic transformation are manifested as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "formation of equiaxed grains", + "a diffusion-controlled phase transition", + "continuous change in lattice parameters", + "the presence of habit plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite is to be produced consisting of 30 vol% aramid fibers and 70 vol% of a polycarbonate matrix; mechanical characteristics of these two materials are as follows: Modulus of Elasticity for Aramid fiber is 131 GPa (19x10^6 psi) and Tensile Strength is 3600 MPa (520,000 psi); Modulus of Elasticity for Polycarbonate is 2.4 GPa (3.5x10^5 psi) and Tensile Strength is 65 MPa (9425 psi). Also, the stress on the polycarbonate matrix when the aramid fibers fail is 45 MPa (6500 psi). For this composite, what is the longitudinal tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1100 MPa (160,000 psi)", + "1085 MPa (157,000 psi)", + "3600 MPa (520,000 psi)", + "45 MPa (6500 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the zinc blende crystal structure generated from close-packed planes of anions, which positions will the cations fill and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tetrahedral positions due to the 4:4 coordination requirement", + "Octahedral positions to maximize anion-cation contact", + "Both tetrahedral and octahedral positions to achieve charge neutrality", + "Octahedral positions because they provide higher packing efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two characteristic temperatures on the curve of glass properties changing with temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tg and Tm (glass transition and melting temperature)", + "Tg and Tf (glass transition and fictive temperature)", + "Td and Tf (decomposition and fictive temperature)", + "Tm and Tf (melting and fictive temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a fibrous composite with fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented in all directions, when a stress is applied in any direction, what is the reinforcement efficiency?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The efficiency is 1/3 due to isotropic averaging of Young's modulus", + "The efficiency is 1/5 as derived from orientation averaging of stiffness tensor", + "The efficiency is 3/8 based on Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation", + "The efficiency is 1/2 considering only axial loading components" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cross-linked polymers cannot be reused and are called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "viscoelastic", + "thermoplastic", + "elastomeric", + "thermosetting" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the number-average molecular weight of a random poly(isobutylene-isoprene) copolymer with a fraction of isobutylene repeat units of 0.25 and a degree of polymerization of 1500?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "112,300 g/mol", + "85,500 g/mol", + "97,700 g/mol", + "64,800 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which kind of fracture (ductile or brittle) is associated with intergranular crack propagation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ductile fracture due to dislocation motion along grain boundaries", + "Brittle fracture caused by weak grain boundary cohesion", + "Ductile fracture resulting from transgranular slip bands", + "Brittle fracture with accompanying significant plastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A slip system is a crystallographic plane, and, within that plane, a direction along which dislocation motion (or slip) occurs.", + "A slip system refers to the combination of a Burgers vector and a line direction of dislocation in a crystal lattice.", + "A slip system is defined by the maximum resolved shear stress direction in a polycrystalline material under load.", + "A slip system represents the atomic density difference between two adjacent crystallographic planes in a deformed material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Adsorption occurring on solid surfaces can be divided into which two types?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface adsorption and Bulk adsorption", + "Reversible adsorption and Irreversible adsorption", + "Physical adsorption and Chemical adsorption", + "Thermodynamic adsorption and Kinetic adsorption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, what is the lattice parameter for CsBr?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.721 Å (confusing with CsCl lattice parameter)", + "4.286 Å (using ionic radii sum without considering coordination number effects)", + "4.1916 Å", + "4.512 Å (incorrectly applying NaCl structure calculation)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following corrosion data for Metal M: V(M/M2+)=-0.47 V, i0=5x10-10 A/cm2, β=+0.15; and for Hydrogen: V(H+/H2)=0 V, i0=2x10-9 A/cm2, β=-0.12, what is the corrosion potential for this reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.412 V", + "-0.247 V", + "-0.169 V", + "+0.032 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly lists the crystal planes included in the {110} and {100} crystal plane families in the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001) (001) (010) (100)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001) (001) (010) (100)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation have the same critical nucleus radius, and the critical nucleation work for heterogeneous nucleation is also equal to one-third of the surface energy. Why is heterogeneous nucleation easier than homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because heterogeneous nucleation requires lower undercooling to achieve the same nucleation rate", + "Because the interfacial energy between the nucleus and substrate is lower than the liquid-solid interfacial energy", + "Because in heterogeneous nucleation, impurities or mold cavities act as part of the nucleus, reducing the number of atoms needed to be mobilized", + "Because the volume free energy change is larger in heterogeneous nucleation due to substrate effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the Burgers vector of the shortest unit dislocation in HCP crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/6<11\\bar{2}3>", + "a/2<110>", + "a<0001>", + "a/3<11\\bar{2}0>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion constant of carbon in γ-Fe D0=2.0×10^-5m^2/s and the diffusion activation energy Q=140×10^3J/mol, the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe at 870℃ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.16×10^-5 m^2/s", + "1.58×10^-11 m^2/s", + "7.94×10^-12 m^2/s", + "2.0×10^-5 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Hafnium has six naturally occurring isotopes with the following abundances and atomic weights: 0.16% of { }^{174} Hf (173.940 amu), 5.26% of { }^{176} Hf (175.941 amu), 18.60% of { }^{177} Hf (176.943 amu), 27.28% of { }^{178} Hf (177.944 amu), 13.62% of { }^{179} Hf (178.946 amu), and 35.08% of { }^{180} Hf (179.947 amu). What is the average atomic weight of Hf to three decimal places?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "178.501 amu", + "178.492 amu", + "178.478 amu", + "178.485 amu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "100°C (212°F)", + "0.4 times the melting point (≈200°C)", + "Room temperature (25°C)", + "Recrystallization temperature (≈150°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the performance characteristics of silicon carbide fibers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Semiconductor fibers with tunable bandgap properties primarily used in optoelectronic applications", + "Low density polymer fibers with moderate strength but exceptional fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures", + "Metallic fibers exhibiting superb ductility and electrical conductivity but limited oxidation resistance", + "High melting point, high strength, high modulus ceramic fibers with excellent high-temperature strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymer chains, the different spatial forms of molecules due to (4) are called conformations. Which of the following is the correct reason?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Changes in crystallinity degree", + "Variation in monomer sequence distribution", + "Internal rotation of single bonds", + "Thermal vibration of side groups" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of an atom that will just fit into the octahedral site in FCC copper without disturbing the crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.529 Å", + "0.414 Å", + "0.732 Å", + "0.225 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a basic condition that must be met for atomic diffusion in solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Presence of a chemical potential gradient", + "Existence of a temperature gradient above the Debye temperature", + "Availability of sufficient activation energy for vacancy formation", + "Presence of a crystallographic orientation mismatch exceeding 15°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the diffusivity during bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In pearlitic transformation, both iron and carbon atoms can diffuse; in bainitic transformation, carbon atoms diffuse while iron atoms do not; in martensitic transformation, neither iron nor carbon atoms diffuse.", + "In pearlitic transformation, only carbon atoms diffuse; in bainitic transformation, both iron and carbon atoms diffuse; in martensitic transformation, neither iron nor carbon atoms diffuse.", + "In pearlitic transformation, both iron and carbon atoms can diffuse; in bainitic transformation, neither iron nor carbon atoms diffuse; in martensitic transformation, carbon atoms diffuse while iron atoms do not.", + "In all three transformations, carbon atoms can diffuse but iron atoms cannot diffuse." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress for copper (Cu) is 0.48 MPa(70 psi). What is the maximum possible yield strength for a single crystal of Cu pulled in tension?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.44 MPa (210 psi)", + "0.48 MPa (70 psi)", + "0.96 MPa (140 psi)", + "0.69 MPa (100 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a piece of iron is heated from room temperature 20°C to 850°C, then cooled very quickly to 20°C, what is the change in the number of vacancies before and after the treatment (assuming the energy required to form 1 mole of vacancies in iron is 104600J)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.3×10^13", + "1.2×10^14", + "3.8×10^12", + "The number of vacancies remains unchanged" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a parallel-plate capacitor having an area of 3225 mm2 (5 in.2), a plate separation of 1mm (0.04 in.), and a material having a dielectric constant of 3.5 positioned between the plates. What is the electric field that must be applied for 2 × 10−8 C to be stored on each plate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.0 × 10^5 V/m", + "1.8 × 10^5 V/m", + "2.2 × 10^5 V/m", + "7.0 × 10^5 V/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The stacking sequence for the zinc blende crystal structure, which is generated from close-packed planes of anions, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HCP, because the tetrahedral coordination in zinc blende resembles the ABAB stacking sequence", + "FCC, because the zinc blende structure is based on two interpenetrating FCC lattices", + "FCC, but only for the cation sublattice while the anion sublattice is HCP", + "Neither FCC nor HCP, because the zinc blende structure has a unique stacking sequence with 3-fold symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical steel grade of martensitic stainless steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1Cr13", + "304", + "316L", + "2205" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the welding performance of HT150 and annealed 20 steel. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The welding performance of 20 steel is better than that of HT150 due to its lower carbon content and more uniform microstructure after annealing", + "HT150 exhibits superior welding performance because its higher silicon content improves fluidity during welding", + "Both materials show similar welding performance as annealing eliminates all microstructure differences", + "20 steel has worse weldability due to its higher tensile strength causing greater residual stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the completeness of isothermal transformation for bainite transformation, pearlite transformation, and martensite transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three transformations can reach 100% completion under isothermal conditions given sufficient time", + "Pearlite and bainite transformations can both be completely transformed, while martensite transformation cannot be completely transformed", + "Pearlite transformation can be completely transformed, some bainite transformations can be completely transformed while others cannot, and martensite transformation cannot be completely transformed", + "Only pearlite transformation can reach full completion, while both bainite and martensite transformations always leave residual austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Schottky defect formation energy of Mg0 crystal is 84 kJ/mol. What is the defect concentration of this crystal at 1000K and 1500K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "T=1000K: n/N=6.4×10⁻³; T=1500K: n/N=3.5×10⁻²", + "T=1000K: n/N=1.2×10⁻²; T=1500K: n/N=6.8×10⁻²", + "T=1000K: n/N=8.4×10⁻⁵; T=1500K: n/N=4.7×10⁻⁴", + "T=1000K: n/N=3.2×10⁻³; T=1500K: n/N=1.75×10⁻²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal undergoes an allotropic transformation during cooling from high temperature to room temperature with volume expansion, the atomic coordination number of the low-temperature phase is ___ that of the high-temperature phase.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy migration decreases", + "The equilibrium vacancy concentration increases", + "The dislocation mobility significantly improves", + "The stacking fault energy becomes negative" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 1.74 g/cm3. If the c/a ratio is 1.624, what are the values of c and a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a = 0.321 nm, c = 0.521 nm", + "a = 0.319 nm, c = 0.518 nm", + "a = 0.321 Å, c = 0.521 Å", + "a = 0.318 nm, c = 0.517 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a semiconductor is exposed to a light source, its intrinsic carrier concentration will increase if the [a] of the light is [b] than band gap of the semiconductor.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "energy greater", + "wavelength greater", + "intensity greater", + "frequency less" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch at a magnification of 100x?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64 grains/in.^2", + "32 grains/in.^2", + "16 grains/in.^2", + "8 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the crystallization process of steel with a carbon content of 0.25%?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The liquid phase directly transforms into austenite at 1495°C through a peritectic reaction, followed by complete solidification into single-phase austenite without intermediate ferrite formation.", + "The liquid phase first solidifies into ferrite, and a peritectic reaction occurs at 1495°C to form γ-austenite; upon further cooling, the remaining liquid phase precipitates γ-austenite again, which then transforms into single-phase austenite.", + "The liquid phase first forms δ-ferrite, then undergoes a eutectic reaction at 1148°C to produce a mixture of austenite and cementite.", + "The liquid phase solidifies into austenite through a continuous cooling transformation, bypassing all peritectic reactions due to the low carbon content." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the common characteristics of atomic structures for elements in the same main group in the periodic table?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Elements in the same main group have identical atomic radii", + "Elements in the same main group have the same number of outer electrons", + "Elements in the same main group exhibit the same crystal structure", + "Elements in the same main group have equal electronegativity values" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of vacancies n in 1 cm³ of copper at 1000°C, given the average vacancy concentration C≈6.27×10⁻⁵ and the number of atoms N≈0.84×10²³.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.27×10²³", + "6.27×10¹⁸", + "5.27×10¹⁸", + "0.84×10²³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the first stage involved in the formation of particles of a new phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Spinodal decomposition - spontaneous phase separation", + "Nucleation - formation of stable critical-sized clusters", + "Precipitation - solute atoms clustering", + "Coarsening - growth of existing particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical rod of steel (E=207 GPa, 30 × 10^6 psi) having a yield strength of 310 MPa (45,000 psi) is to be subjected to a load of 11,100 N (2500 lb). If the length of the rod is 500 mm (20.0 in.), what must be the diameter to allow an elongation of 0.38 mm (0.015 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.8 mm (0.228 in.)", + "7.2 mm (0.283 in.)", + "12.1 mm (0.476 in.)", + "9.5 mm (0.376 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do transition phases appear during the precipitation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To minimize interfacial energy by forming coherent interfaces with the matrix", + "Because they have lower activation energy for nucleation than the equilibrium phase", + "Due to the need to maintain lattice continuity during phase transformation", + "As a result of kinetic limitations preventing direct formation of the equilibrium phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When n equal-sized spheres are closely packed, how many tetrahedral voids and octahedral voids can be formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "n tetrahedral voids and n octahedral voids", + "n tetrahedral voids and 2n octahedral voids", + "2n tetrahedral voids and n octahedral voids", + "4n tetrahedral voids and 2n octahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal stretched along the [131] axis, the resolved shear stress on the slip system (111)[0-11] under a tensile stress of 6.9×10^5 Pa is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.82×10^5 Pa", + "-2.56×10^5 Pa", + "1.73×10^5 Pa", + "5.12×10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in deformation mode between slip and twinning, the two mechanisms of metal plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs through dislocation motion while twinning involves coordinated atomic shuffling without dislocations", + "Both mechanisms involve dislocation motion but twinning requires specific crystallographic orientations", + "Slip preserves the crystal structure while twinning creates a mirror-image lattice orientation", + "Twinning requires higher stress than slip because it involves breaking more atomic bonds simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between the first type and the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The first type occurs during slow cooling through 400-600°C while the second type occurs during rapid quenching", + "The first type affects impact toughness while the second type affects tensile strength", + "The first type is reversible through heat treatment while the second type is permanent", + "The first type is caused by phosphorus segregation while the second type involves molybdenum depletion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of passivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Passivity refers to the spontaneous formation of a protective oxide layer that always prevents further corrosion.", + "Passivity is the increase in electrical conductivity of metals when exposed to oxidizing environments.", + "Passivity is the loss of chemical reactivity, under particular environmental conditions, of normally active metals and alloys.", + "Passivity is the phenomenon where metals exhibit reduced mechanical strength due to surface oxidation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the influence of cooling rate on metal microstructure, how should the solidification be controlled to obtain metastable phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cooling rate should match the equilibrium phase diagram conditions", + "The cooling rate must far exceed the equilibrium cooling rate", + "A slow cooling rate is required to allow sufficient diffusion time", + "The cooling rate should be precisely at the eutectic point of the alloy system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the elastic properties of glass (E=70 000 MPa, ν=0.25), the theoretical strength of glass as an amorphous material is estimated to be in the range of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "17 500~23 333 MPa", + "4 900~7 000 MPa", + "70~93 GPa", + "10 500~14 000 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of carbon and alloying elements in high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon primarily increases ductility, while alloying elements reduce the steel's thermal conductivity", + "Carbon forms carbides with W/Mo/V to create secondary hardening, while Cr enhances hardenability", + "Carbon content is minimized to prevent brittleness, while alloying elements mainly improve corrosion resistance", + "Carbon stabilizes austenite phase, while alloying elements lower the eutectoid temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite in an iron-carbon alloy that contains 0.43 wt% C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.493", + "0.567", + "0.417", + "0.602" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The principle of zone refining is based on:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Redistribution of solute during directional solidification of solid solution (fractional crystallization)", + "Selective evaporation of impurities at high temperature zones", + "Electromigration of impurities under temperature gradient", + "Diffusion-limited segregation at moving liquid-solid interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the role of crosslinking and how it alters the structure and properties of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crosslinking decreases thermal stability by breaking primary covalent bonds and forming weaker secondary bonds", + "Crosslinking primarily enhances electrical conductivity by creating conjugated double bonds in the polymer backbone", + "Crosslinking reduces polymer crystallinity by introducing random branching points that disrupt molecular alignment", + "Crosslinking transforms linear polymers into 3D networks, increasing strength but decreasing ductility due to restricted chain mobility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the necessary conditions for mud peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acidic conditions promote clay particle dispersion", + "High ionic strength solution is required", + "Presence of divalent cations enhances peptization", + "The medium must be alkaline" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ionic crystal structure, the coordination number depends on the:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ionic charge magnitude", + "electronegativity difference", + "lattice energy", + "radius ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Both silver and aluminum have face-centered cubic lattices, and their atomic radii are very close, $r_{\\text{Ag}}=0.288\\mathrm{~nm}$ $r_{\\text{Al}}=0.286\\mathrm{nm}$, but they cannot form infinite solid solutions in the solid state. What is the main reason for this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the thermal expansion coefficients of Ag (18.9×10⁻⁶/K) and Al (23.1×10⁻⁶/K) create significant mismatch at elevated temperatures.", + "Because their electronegativity difference (Δχ=0.28) exceeds the 0.1-0.2 range required for extensive solid solubility.", + "Because the stacking fault energies of Ag (16 mJ/m²) and Al (166 mJ/m²) differ by an order of magnitude, preventing coherent lattice matching.", + "Because the valence of Ag is 1, while that of Al is 3, i.e., the solid solubility of a high-valence element as a solute in a low-valence element is greater than that of a low-valence element in a high-valence element." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the type of alloy phase VC and its structural characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "VC is a substitutional solid solution where C atoms randomly replace V atoms in a BCC lattice", + "VC is an interstitial phase with V in FCC lattice and C occupying all octahedral sites, forming NaCl-type structure", + "VC is an intermetallic compound with ordered CsCl-type structure where V and C occupy alternate cube corners", + "VC is an interstitial compound with hexagonal close-packed structure where C occupies tetrahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a spherical crystal embryo with radius r appears in an undercooled liquid, what happens to the number of nucleation events as r* decreases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decreases", + "Increases", + "Remains constant", + "First increases then decreases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For FCC and BCC metals during plastic deformation, the relationship between flow stress and dislocation density ρ is given by τ=τ0+αGb√ρ, where τ0 is the stress required for dislocation motion without interference from other dislocations, i.e., the shear stress without work hardening, G is the shear modulus, b is the Burgers vector of the dislocation, and α is a material-dependent constant, α=0.3∼0.5. If a Cu single crystal has τ0=700 kPa, initial dislocation density ρ0=10^5 cm−2, G=42×10^3 MPa, b=0.256 nm, α=0.4, what is the critical resolved shear stress?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.12 MPa", + "700 kPa", + "836 kPa", + "954 kPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the process characteristics of high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching from 1220-1250°C ensures complete dissolution of Cr and Mo into austenite for maximum hardness", + "Two-stage preheating at 400°C and 800°C reduces thermal stress by matching thermal expansion coefficients of alloy carbides", + "Triple tempering at 300°C effectively reduces retained austenite below 5% through martensitic transformation", + "Secondary hardening occurs due to precipitation of M7C3 carbides during tempering at 560°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main bonding types in ceramic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "metallic bonds and hydrogen bonds", + "ionic bonds and covalent bonds", + "covalent bonds and van der Waals forces", + "ionic bonds and metallic bonds" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After dissolving another element into a pure metal (assuming no new phase is formed), what microstructural changes will occur?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dissolved atoms will occupy interstitial sites, causing only elastic strain without changing the host lattice parameter", + "The solute atoms will substitute host atoms, creating both size misfit strain and changes in the Fermi surface topology", + "The foreign atoms will segregate exclusively to grain boundaries, leaving the bulk crystal structure unchanged", + "The impurity atoms will form nanometer-scale precipitates while maintaining the original crystal symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the angle between (111) and (111) in a simple cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "54°44′", + "109°28′", + "90°", + "70°32′" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation nucleation, when the nucleus morphology is disk-shaped, it has the minimum what energy and the maximum what?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "minimum strain energy and maximum interface energy", + "minimum surface energy and maximum elastic energy", + "minimum interfacial energy and maximum strain energy", + "minimum total free energy and maximum chemical driving force" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Below the critical temperature Tc, superconductors exhibit complete (2) what property?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Zero electrical resistance", + "Ferromagnetism", + "Paramagnetism", + "Diamagnetism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the diamond structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.34", + "0.52", + "0.68", + "0.74" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes polymorphism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phenomenon where identical chemical compositions show varying electrical conductivity at different temperatures", + "Materials exhibiting different mechanical properties when loaded in different crystallographic directions", + "The ability of a material to exist in both crystalline and amorphous states depending on processing conditions", + "Substances with the same chemical composition can form crystals with different structures under different thermodynamic conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the beneficial aspects of the work hardening characteristics of metals for the use of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Enhancing fatigue resistance by preventing dislocation movement", + "Increasing electrical conductivity through grain refinement", + "Improving corrosion resistance by forming passive oxide layers", + "Reducing thermal expansion coefficient via strain hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of combined water content in clay after adsorbing the cations H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+ (use arrows to represent: small—large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of cermet is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon fibers exhibit higher tensile strength along the transverse direction", + "The electrical conductivity of graphene is lower than copper at room temperature", + "The percolation threshold in CNT-polymer composites occurs at 0.1-1 vol% loading", + "The Young's modulus of diamond is lower than that of steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines deformation texture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phenomenon of crystallographic orientation preference occurring during polycrystalline deformation", + "The residual stress distribution pattern formed after plastic deformation", + "The anisotropic mechanical properties resulting from cold working processes", + "The grain boundary misorientation angle distribution in deformed materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a dislocation is subjected to force, its motion direction is everywhere perpendicular to the dislocation line and can vary during movement. What should be the direction of the relative sliding of the crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The direction of the Burgers vector", + "The direction of the applied force", + "The direction perpendicular to both the dislocation line and Burgers vector", + "The direction parallel to the dislocation line" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the difference between grain growth and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth involves uniform coarsening of all grains with pores remaining at boundaries, while secondary recrystallization features abnormal growth of select grains that engulf pores", + "Both processes result in uniform grain size increase, but secondary recrystallization occurs at higher temperatures than normal grain growth", + "Grain growth is driven by surface energy reduction, while secondary recrystallization is caused by strain energy differences between grains", + "Secondary recrystallization requires the presence of impurities to pin boundaries, whereas grain growth occurs in pure materials without impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which experimental method can be used to identify crystalline SiO2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption bands", + "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peak detection", + "X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis", + "Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What phenomenon is caused by the interaction between dislocations and solute atoms in alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening through Guinier-Preston zones", + "Formation of Cottrell atmospheres leading to yield point phenomena", + "Dislocation climb due to vacancy diffusion", + "Recrystallization through grain boundary migration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the characterization methods for dislocation density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Optical microscopy grain size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface topography", + "X-ray diffraction peak broadening and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) direct observation", + "Resistivity measurements and hardness testing", + "Volume density (length of dislocation lines per unit volume) and surface density (number of dislocation lines perpendicularly passing through a unit area)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocations that can undergo cross-slip must be ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge dislocation with high Peierls stress", + "Screw dislocation in FCC crystals", + "Mixed dislocation with 60° character", + "Screw dislocation in BCC crystals at 0.6Tm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In what ways does chlorinated polyethylene differ from poly(vinyl chloride)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chlorinated polyethylene has a more random chlorine distribution while PVC has ordered 1:3 chlorine substitution", + "Chlorinated polyethylene exhibits higher thermal stability due to its fully saturated carbon backbone", + "PVC contains chlorine in alternating monomer units while chlorinated polyethylene has random side-chain chlorination", + "The chlorination process creates crosslinks in polyethylene but maintains linear chains in PVC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Gallium has an orthorhombic structure, with a0=0.45258 nm, b0=0.45186 nm, and c0=0.76570 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1218 nm. The density is 5.904 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 69.72 g/mol. Determine the packing factor in the unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.452", + "0.387", + "0.521", + "0.612" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How are unequal-sized spheres packed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Larger spheres form simple cubic packing with smaller spheres filling all cubic voids", + "Smaller spheres form BCC packing while larger spheres occupy the body-centered positions", + "Both sphere sizes independently achieve HCP packing in separate domains", + "Larger spheres form FCC packing while smaller spheres occupy all tetrahedral and octahedral voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diameter of polyester (PET) carpet fiber is 50 micrometers, immersed in a dye bath containing water, dye, and dye bags at boiling temperature. The diffusion coefficients of water, dye, and dye bags are 1.0×10^-12 m²/s, 1.0×10^-13 m²/s, and 1.0×10^-14 m²/s, respectively. Estimate the time required for water, dye, and dye bags to penetrate into the center of the fiber.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Water: 625 s; Dye: 6250 s; Dye bags: 62500 s", + "Water: 312.5 s; Dye: 3125 s; Dye bags: 31250 s", + "Water: 156.25 s; Dye: 1562.5 s; Dye bags: 15625 s", + "Water: 1250 s; Dye: 12500 s; Dye bags: 125000 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 30 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification of 250 ×. The correct ASTM grain size number is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.6", + "7.3", + "9.1", + "6.8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The selective dissolution of grain boundaries leading to porous microstructure formation", + "The second stage of primary recrystallization where smaller grains continue to grow uniformly", + "A process where previously recrystallized grains undergo further phase transformation", + "A phenomenon where the normal growth process is inhibited after recrystallization, leading to abnormal growth of a few grains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does temperature affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient remains constant until reaching the material's recrystallization temperature", + "The diffusion coefficient decreases linearly as temperature increases due to lattice expansion", + "The diffusion coefficient increases exponentially with temperature according to Arrhenius behavior", + "The diffusion coefficient shows a parabolic relationship with temperature due to competing vacancy formation and migration effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the periodic table, what common characteristics do the atomic structures of elements in the same period have?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Elements in the same period possess the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei", + "Elements in the same period exhibit identical chemical reactivity due to similar valence electron configurations", + "Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells outside the atomic nucleus", + "Elements in the same period show identical metallic character due to their spatial proximity in the periodic table" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number-average molecular weight of a random nitrile rubber [poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene) copolymer] in which the fraction of butadiene repeat units is 0.30; assume that this concentration corresponds to a degree of polymerization of 2000. The number-average molecular weight is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "89260 g/mol", + "106740 g/mol", + "120000 g/mol", + "95300 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the changes in composition at the liquid-solid interface during crystallization in a solid solution alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both liquid and solid phase compositions at the interface follow the solidus line during non-equilibrium crystallization", + "The liquid phase composition at the liquid-solid interface changes along the liquidus line; the solid phase composition changes along the solidus line", + "The interface compositions remain constant and equal to the bulk alloy composition throughout the process", + "The liquid composition follows the solidus line while the solid composition follows the liquidus line" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How much CaO needs to be added to 100g of SiO2 to achieve an O:Si ratio of 2.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "35.21g", + "58.33g", + "46.67g", + "62.49g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The $c/a$ ratio for an ideal hexagonal close-packed metal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.633", + "√(8/3)", + "2√2", + "π/√2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of the number of tetrahedral voids to the number of O2- ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2:1", + "1:1", + "1:2", + "4:1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Dendritic segregation的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dendritic segregation occurs due to non-equilibrium cooling, resulting in composition gradients between dendrite cores (rich in high-melting-point components) and interdendritic regions (rich in low-melting-point components)", + "Dendritic segregation is a macroscopic phenomenon caused by temperature gradients during slow cooling, leading to layer-by-layer composition variations", + "Dendritic segregation primarily occurs in pure metals and is caused by vacancy diffusion during rapid solidification", + "Dendritic segregation results from equilibrium partitioning of solute atoms, creating uniform composition variations throughout the entire dendrite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of materials, which has the larger thermal conductivity? Atactic polypropylene (Mw=10^6 g/mol); isotactic polypropylene (Mw=10^5 g/mol)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atactic polypropylene due to more efficient phonon scattering", + "Atactic polypropylene due to higher molecular weight", + "Both have equal thermal conductivity as they are the same polymer", + "Isotactic polypropylene due to higher crystallinity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is partially graphitized, what kind of microstructure cast iron is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+G (graphite)", + "F+P+G (graphite)", + "F+G (graphite)", + "P+F (no graphite)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a way to improve the strength and toughness of mild steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening with interstitial carbon atoms", + "Increasing the elastic modulus through cold working", + "Precipitation hardening by adding copper to the alloy", + "Reducing dislocation density through annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of diffusion problems is Fick's second law applicable to solve?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Non-steady-state diffusion", + "Steady-state diffusion with time-dependent boundary conditions", + "Anisotropic diffusion in single crystals", + "Concentration-gradient independent diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference in bonding nature between (metal-based) solid solutions and intermediate phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solutions exhibit stronger bonding due to random atomic distribution enhancing metallic bond strength", + "Solid solutions maintain metallic bonding while intermediate phases develop directional covalent/ionic bonds", + "Intermediate phases retain metallic character but with modified electron density distribution", + "The primary difference lies in the degree of long-range order rather than bonding nature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of single crystal electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transparent", + "Translucent due to internal grain boundaries", + "Opaque due to free electron absorption", + "Wavelength-dependent transparency with IR opacity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes two differences between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening requires a coherent precipitate-matrix interface, while dispersion strengthening relies on incoherent interfaces", + "The strengthening particles in precipitation hardening are typically smaller than 10nm, whereas dispersion strengthening uses particles larger than 100nm", + "Precipitation hardening involves solute atoms clustering, while dispersion strengthening uses pre-existing second-phase particles", + "Precipitation hardening shows stronger temperature dependence of yield strength than dispersion strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the mechanisms of work hardening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alignment of dislocations along slip planes, reducing their mobility through geometric softening", + "The reduction in grain size due to plastic deformation, leading to Hall-Petch strengthening", + "The formation of new phase precipitates during deformation, similar to age hardening", + "The increase in dislocation density and their mutual interactions, including formation of Lomer-Cottrell locks and solute atmospheres" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary diffusion mechanism in oxide ceramics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rotary exchange mechanism", + "Interstitial diffusion mechanism", + "Vacancy exchange mechanism", + "Direct exchange mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 0.45 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "About 830°C (1525°F)", + "About 727°C (1340°F)", + "About 912°C (1674°F)", + "About 600°C (1112°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Below the critical temperature Tc, superconductors possess complete which property?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal conductivity", + "Magnetic susceptibility", + "Electrical conductivity", + "Mechanical ductility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simultaneous nucleation and growth of new grains throughout the material, similar to primary recrystallization", + "Uniform grain growth driven solely by reduction of grain boundary energy, maintaining equiaxed grain structure", + "Abnormal growth of individual grains consuming finer matrix grains, with pores becoming trapped inside growing grains", + "Selective growth of grains with specific crystallographic orientations due to applied stress or strain" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A parallel-plate capacitor using a dielectric material having an ε_{\\mathrm{r}} of 2.2 has a plate spacing of 2mm ( 0.08 in.). If another material having a dielectric constant of 3.7 is used and the capacitance is to be unchanged, what must be the new spacing between the plates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.00 mm", + "1.19 mm", + "3.36 mm", + "4.44 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that copper has an FCC structure with an atomic radius of 0.1278 nm, calculate its density. (The atomic weight of copper is 63.5, and the Avogadro constant is 0.602×10²⁴)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8960 kg/m³", + "8933 kg/m³", + "8.93 g/cm³", + "63.5 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines the term 'extrinsic' as it pertains to semiconducting materials and provides an example?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Extrinsic describes the natural impurity levels in as-grown semiconductor crystals, e.g. trace carbon in GaAs", + "Extrinsic refers to surface defects in semiconductors that influence conductivity, e.g. oxidized Si surfaces", + "Extrinsic denotes temperature-dependent conductivity changes in pure semiconductors, e.g. undoped Si at high temperatures", + "Extrinsic semiconductors contain intentional dopant atoms that alter electrical properties, e.g. P-doped Ge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can constitutional supercooling be overcome in single crystal growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Use rapid quenching followed by annealing to eliminate solute segregation", + "Decrease the temperature gradient and increase the growth rate R", + "Maintain constant temperature gradient while increasing impurity concentration", + "Increase the temperature gradient and reduce the growth rate R" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that cannot undergo climb motion is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "screw perfect dislocation", + "Frank partial dislocation", + "edge perfect dislocation", + "Shockley partial dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by N in α-Fe and γ-Fe, their locations, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: N: 0.071 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "N forms an interstitial solid solution in α-Fe, with a maximum solubility (mole fraction) of about 0.1×10^-2 at 590°C, decreasing to 0.001×10^-2 at room temperature. In α-Fe, N is mostly located at the octahedral interstitial sites. In γ-Fe, N forms an interstitial solid solution, located at the octahedral interstitial sites, with a maximum solubility (mass fraction) of about 2.8×10^-2.", + "N forms a substitutional solid solution in both α-Fe and γ-Fe due to its small atomic radius, with higher solubility in γ-Fe (mole fraction ~0.05) than in α-Fe (mole fraction ~0.01) at high temperatures.", + "N forms an interstitial solid solution in α-Fe but a substitutional solid solution in γ-Fe, with maximum solubilities of 0.5×10^-2 (mole fraction) in α-Fe and 1.2×10^-2 (mole fraction) in γ-Fe at their respective eutectoid temperatures.", + "N forms interstitial solid solutions in both α-Fe and γ-Fe, but preferentially occupies tetrahedral sites in α-Fe and octahedral sites in γ-Fe, with nearly equal maximum solubilities of ~1×10^-2 (mole fraction) in both phases." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a given material, would you expect the surface energy to be greater than, the same as, or less than the grain boundary energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary energy is greater because it involves more atomic disorder", + "Surface energy is greater due to broken atomic bonds creating higher energy states", + "They are equal since both represent interface energies", + "It depends on the crystallographic orientation of the surface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Convert the (010) plane into the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells. The correct four-index scheme is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(01 -1 0)", + "(0 1 0 0)", + "(0 1 -1 0)", + "(0 1 0 -1)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of a palladium (Pd) atom, given that Pd has an FCC crystal structure, a density of 12.0g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 106.4g/mol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.125nm", + "0.144nm", + "0.138nm", + "0.152nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the hardenability of steel refer to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ability of steel to obtain martensite during quenching", + "The maximum hardness achievable in steel through heat treatment", + "The resistance of steel to deformation under applied stress", + "The depth to which steel can be hardened by rapid cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Ca0 is doped into ZrO2, where Ca2+ ions replace Zr4+ ions, due to the requirement of electrical neutrality, this substitution simultaneously creates a (9) defect, which can be represented by the (10) defect reaction equation. Which of the following correctly fills in (9) and (10)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "interstitial; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+VZr....+ O0", + "interstitial; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+Oi..", + "vacancy; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+VO..+ O0", + "vacancy; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+V0..+ O0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Comment on the possibility of classical nucleation given that the dislocation density of heavily worked metallic materials is approximately 10^15 m^-2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Classical nucleation is impossible because the required critical nucleus size exceeds the average dislocation spacing", + "Classical nucleation is enhanced due to the high dislocation density providing preferential nucleation sites", + "Classical nucleation remains unaffected as dislocations primarily influence growth rather than nucleation", + "Classical nucleation becomes possible only when the dislocation density exceeds 10^16 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay (mainly composed of kaolinite mineral) slurry, respectively, compare the differences in fluidity of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2CO3 increases fluidity more than Na2SiO3 due to stronger ionic dissociation", + "Both electrolytes decrease fluidity by compressing the double layer", + "Adding Na2CO3 has no effect while Na2SiO3 increases fluidity", + "Na2SiO3 decreases fluidity by forming silicate networks" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The number-average molecular weight of a poly(styrene-butadiene) alternating copolymer is 1,350,000g / mol. What is the average number of styrene and butadiene repeat units per molecule?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12795", + "4265", + "17060", + "8530" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the quenching temperature required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quench to just above the A1 temperature (727 degrees Celsius)", + "Quench to between 300-400 degrees Celsius to form lower bainite", + "Quench to room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) followed by tempering", + "Quench to below the M_gamma (less than 130 degrees Celsius)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the aluminum and cast iron pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Corrosion is possible, and cast iron will corrode due to its lower nobility", + "Corrosion is possible, and aluminum will corrode due to its position in the galvanic series", + "No corrosion will occur because both materials form protective oxide layers in seawater", + "Corrosion is possible, but the direction depends on the relative surface areas exposed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals have basic properties such as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Symmetry; Isotropy; Long-range order; Minimal surface energy", + "Symmetry; Crystallographic homogeneity; Anisotropy; Self-confinement", + "Symmetry; Crystallographic homogeneity; Elastic modulus; Self-confinement", + "Symmetry; Crystallographic defects; Anisotropy; Self-confinement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a crystal face family?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A group of crystal faces that exhibit identical surface energy under all thermodynamic conditions", + "All external surfaces of a crystal that grow at the same rate during solidification", + "The dominant crystallographic plane that determines the overall crystal morphology", + "A set of crystallographic planes related by symmetry operations, sharing the same atomic arrangement but differing in orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions can austenite transform into lamellar pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the austenitizing temperature is low, the holding time is short, the composition is heterogeneous, and the cooling rate is slow", + "When the austenitizing temperature is high, the holding time is long, the composition of austenite is uniform, and the cooling rate is fast", + "When the carbon content exceeds 2.1% and the cooling rate matches the TTT diagram's nose region", + "When the material is first quenched to form martensite, then tempered at 600°C for 2 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the purpose of spheroidizing annealing in the process route of making round dies with 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To increase the hardness for better wear resistance during die operation", + "To eliminate forging stress, obtain spheroidized pearlite and carbides, reduce hardness to facilitate machining, prepare the microstructure for quenching, and minimize deformation and cracking during quenching", + "To refine grain size through recrystallization and improve mechanical properties", + "To create a fully austenitic structure for subsequent heat treatment processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the coordination number in a crystal lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum number of electron pairs in the valence shell", + "The total number of atoms in the unit cell", + "The number of bonds formed by the central atom in a molecule", + "The number of nearest neighbor atoms around any lattice node atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of cold plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning mechanisms replace dislocation slip, maintaining constant yield strength", + "Grain boundary migration dominates, causing softening through dynamic recrystallization", + "Elastic modulus increases proportionally with deformation strain", + "Dislocation density increases, leading to entanglement and work hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In multi-electron atoms, what principles should the arrangement of extranuclear electrons follow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Principle of lowest energy, Pauli exclusion principle, Fermi-Dirac statistics", + "Aufbau principle, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Hund's rule", + "Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule, Born-Oppenheimer approximation", + "The principle of lowest energy, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in diffusion coefficients between substitutional diffusion and interstitial diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion coefficients are temperature-independent due to the absence of activation energy barriers", + "Substitutional diffusion coefficients are always lower because they require vacancy formation energy", + "The difference arises from different crystal structures, with interstitial diffusion being faster in BCC than FCC", + "Interstitial diffusion coefficients are greater because they don't depend on vacancy concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main measures to obtain fine recrystallized grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Using coarse-grained metals and reducing the degree of cold deformation", + "Adding trace alloying elements and slow cooling from solution treatment", + "Increasing the heating rate and prolonged annealing at high temperatures", + "Increasing the degree of cold deformation and using fine-grained metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the melting point of copper is 1,083℃, what is the estimated minimum recrystallization temperature of copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "298 K", + "813 K", + "542 K", + "1083 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a linear defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip direction of a perfect dislocation in HCP magnesium", + "The diffusion path of an interstitial atom in BCC iron at 500°C", + "The Burgers vector of a screw dislocation lying in a {111} plane of an FCC crystal", + "The trajectory of a vacancy migrating through a grain boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 1.74 g/cm3. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic centimeters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.78 × 10^-22 cm3", + "1.39 × 10^-22 cm3", + "4.16 × 10^-22 cm3", + "5.55 × 10^-22 cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the bonding type in diamond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "covalent bonds", + "metallic bonds with partial ionic character", + "hybrid van der Waals and covalent interactions", + "primarily ionic bonds with covalent contribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fick's first law describes the characteristics of steady-state diffusion, where the concentration does not vary with .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy concentration gradient in a BCC iron single crystal at 900°C", + "The carbon concentration gradient in austenite during isothermal pearlite transformation", + "The oxygen concentration gradient across a ZrO2 electrolyte in a solid oxide fuel cell", + "The hydrogen concentration gradient in palladium during electrochemical permeation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Peritectic transformation的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Peritectic transformation occurs when two solid phases combine to form a single solid phase", + "Peritectic transformation is a diffusionless transformation similar to martensitic transformation", + "Peritectic transformation involves a liquid phase reacting with a solid phase to form a new solid phase at a specific temperature", + "Peritectic transformation is characterized by complete solubility of components in both liquid and solid phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements is true regarding thermoplastics with a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and 'work hardening' after deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastics with a lower Tg will exhibit work hardening due to molecular chain alignment under deformation", + "Lower Tg thermoplastics cannot work harden as they remain in the rubbery state at room temperature", + "Work hardening only occurs in thermoplastics with Tg above their service temperature", + "The degree of work hardening is inversely proportional to the difference between Tg and deformation temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are types of ledeburitic steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-speed steel", + "Austenitic stainless steel", + "Low-carbon steel", + "Dual-phase steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A diffracted x-ray beam is observed from the (220) planes of iron at a 2 \\theta angle of 99.1^{\\circ} when x-rays of 0.15418nm wavelength are used. The lattice parameter of the iron is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.2801nm", + "0.2932nm", + "0.2865nm", + "0.2658nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a body-centered cubic structure with lattice constant a, can a dislocation with Burgers vector $a$ [100] decompose into $\\frac{a}{2}$ [111] + $\\frac{a}{2}$ [1-1-1]?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only at temperatures above the Debye temperature", + "No, because [100] is not a perfect dislocation in BCC crystals", + "Yes, because the vector sum matches and the decomposition reduces strain energy", + "Yes, but only if the dislocation line direction is [110]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What do all the elements in Group IIA of the periodic table have in common with regard to electron configuration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Each has two s electrons in its outermost shell", + "All have completely filled p orbitals in their valence shell", + "They possess identical numbers of total electrons", + "Their outermost electron configuration matches noble gases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 850-lb force is applied to a 0.15-in. diameter nickel wire having a yield strength of 45,000 psi and a tensile strength of 55,000 psi. What will happen to the wire?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The wire will experience significant necking followed by rupture", + "The wire will fracture immediately due to stress concentration", + "The wire will undergo uniform plastic deformation without necking", + "The wire will return to its original shape after elastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The selective dissolution of small grains leading to coarsening of the microstructure", + "A second stage of recrystallization where all grains grow uniformly due to stored energy release", + "The process where previously recrystallized grains undergo phase transformation under thermal treatment", + "The phenomenon of abnormal growth of a few grains that occurs when the normal growth process is inhibited after recrystallization is completed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of atomic valence on solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Valence difference promotes solid solubility by creating charge compensation effects that stabilize the crystal lattice.", + "Atomic valence has no significant effect on solid solubility, as it is primarily determined by atomic size and crystal structure factors.", + "The solubility is always higher when the solute has lower valence than the solvent, due to reduced electron cloud repulsion.", + "The solid solubility of two elements is related to their atomic valence. The solubility of a high-valence element in a low-valence element is greater than that of a low-valence element in a high-valence element." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A three-dimensional region of disorder within an otherwise perfect crystal", + "A two-dimensional planar defect where the crystal lattice abruptly changes orientation", + "A point defect caused by the absence of an atom in the crystal lattice", + "A one-dimensional or linear defect in a crystal, known as a dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the differences between type I and type II superconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Type I superconductors allow partial flux penetration below Hc through Abrikosov vortices, whereas Type II exhibit complete Meissner effect until Hc2 is reached", + "Type II superconductors maintain perfect diamagnetism up to Hc2, while Type I show partial flux penetration above Hc due to their higher coherence length", + "The key difference lies in their critical temperatures - Type I always have Tc below 30K while Type II exceed this threshold, explaining their different magnetic responses", + "Type I superconductors exhibit complete diamagnetism below Hc with abrupt transition to normal state, while Type II show mixed-state behavior between Hc1 and Hc2 with gradual flux penetration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an alloy that has solidified with microscopic non-equilibrium segregation, which of the following measures can be taken to accelerate diffusion and homogenize the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching to room temperature to freeze the microstructure then aging at intermediate temperature", + "Heating to just below the solvus temperature followed by slow cooling to minimize residual stresses", + "Severe plastic deformation at cryogenic temperatures to create excess vacancies", + "Applying high-frequency ultrasonic vibration during isothermal annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher tensile strength and why? Linear and isotactic poly(vinyl chloride) with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 g/mol; branched and atactic poly(vinyl chloride) having a weight-average molecular weight of 75,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The branched and atactic PVC due to its lower molecular weight allowing better chain packing", + "The linear and isotactic PVC because crystallinity increases with isotacticity", + "The branched and atactic PVC as branching increases entanglement density", + "Both have similar tensile strength as molecular weight differences compensate for structural variations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that pure titanium at 20°C is α-Ti (hcp structure), with lattice constants a=0.2951nm and c=0.4679nm. The interplanar spacing of the (112) plane is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1248nm", + "0.1362nm", + "0.1483nm", + "0.1576nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what is Fe3CI precipitated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Liquid phase", + "Solid-state reaction", + "Vapor deposition", + "Electrochemical reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A factory used 9Mn2V steel to make plastic molds, requiring a hardness of 58~63 HRC. After oil quenching at 790°C and tempering at 200~220°C, brittle fractures often occurred during use. Later, the process was changed to heating at 790°C followed by isothermal treatment in a nitrite salt bath at 260~280°C for 4 hours and then air cooling. Although the hardness decreased to 50 HRC, the service life was significantly improved. Please analyze the reason.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Air cooling created a finer grain structure compared to oil quenching, reducing brittleness", + "The nitrite salt bath introduced nitrogen diffusion that created a compressive stress layer on the surface", + "The longer holding time at 260-280°C allowed complete carbide precipitation, improving toughness", + "The isothermal treatment produced lower bainite with dislocation substructure instead of twinned martensite, reducing microcrack formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two previously undeformed cylindrical specimens of an alloy are to be strain hardened by reducing their cross-sectional areas (while maintaining their circular cross sections). For one specimen, the initial and deformed radii are 16mm and 11 mm, respectively. The second specimen, with an initial radius of 12 mm, must have the same deformed hardness as the first specimen; what is the second specimen's radius after deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.39 mm", + "9.18 mm", + "7.07 mm", + "8.25 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay slurry (mainly composed of kaolinite minerals), compare the differences in the body density of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 decrease the body density of the slurry by similar amounts due to their electrolyte nature", + "Adding Na2CO3 basically has no effect on the body density of the clay, while adding Na2SiO3 increases the body density of the slurry", + "Na2CO3 increases the body density more significantly than Na2SiO3 because of its higher ionic strength", + "Na2SiO3 decreases the body density while Na2CO3 increases it, due to their opposite effects on clay particle aggregation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what temperature would 23.0kg of some material at 100^{\\circ} C be raised if 255kJ of heat is supplied? Assume a C_{p} value of 423 J/ kg-K for this material.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density would decrease due to dynamic recovery", + "The yield strength would increase linearly with strain", + "Twinning would become the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The material would undergo a phase transformation to BCC structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the microstructural characteristics and processing techniques of ZGMn13?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ZGMn13 is an austenitic stainless steel that relies on chromium carbide precipitation for its wear resistance. The optimal processing route involves slow cooling to allow maximum carbide precipitation along grain boundaries. No additional heat treatment is required as the as-cast microstructure provides the best combination of properties.", + "ZGMn13 is a high-strength low-alloy steel with a predominantly martensitic microstructure. The key processing technique involves rapid quenching from austenitizing temperature to achieve maximum hardness. The steel maintains its hardness during service without requiring any phase transformation under stress.", + "ZGMn13 is a wear-resistant steel with an austenitic microstructure at room temperature. Whether in the as-cast, forged, or hot-rolled condition, carbides precipitate along the austenite grain boundaries, reducing the steel's toughness and wear resistance. Therefore, water toughening treatment must be performed. After water toughening, it exhibits good toughness. During subsequent use, under strong compressive stress, martensitic transformation occurs, thereby increasing its wear resistance. Hence, this type of steel is used in applications subject to strong compressive stress.", + "ZGMn13 is a dual-phase steel with alternating layers of ferrite and martensite. The unique processing involves intercritical annealing followed by controlled cooling to achieve the layered microstructure. The wear resistance comes from the hardness difference between the two phases rather than any stress-induced transformation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many types of spatial lattice forms may correspond to the seven crystal systems?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "230 (space groups)", + "7 (corresponding to crystal systems)", + "32 (crystallographic point groups)", + "14 (Bravais lattices)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For annealed low-carbon steel with a grain size of NA=16 grains/mm², its yield strength σs=100MPa; when NA=4096 grains/mm², σs=250MPa. According to the Hall-Petch formula, what is the yield strength when NA=250 grains/mm²?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "225 MPa", + "175 MPa", + "149 MPa", + "200 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Homogeneous nucleation of crystal nuclei relies on which of the following providing atomic clusters with $r>r^{*}$ to act as nuclei?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "External electromagnetic fields", + "Thermal conductivity gradients", + "Dislocation pile-up stresses", + "Structural fluctuations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the melting point of aluminum Tm=993K, the volumetric heat of fusion Lm=1.836×10^9 J/m^3, the solid-liquid interface specific surface energy σ=93 mJ/m^2, and the atomic volume V0=1.66×10^-29 m^3. Considering the solidification of liquid aluminum at 1 atm, when the undercooling ΔT=19℃, what is the critical nucleus size r*?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "94.5 nm", + "47.2 nm", + "189 nm", + "63.1 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The characteristics of polycrystalline plastic deformation are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "simultaneous, coordinated, non-uniform", + "simultaneous, uncoordinated, uniform", + "non-simultaneous, uncoordinated, uniform", + "non-simultaneous, coordinated, non-uniform" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are common strengthening methods for metallic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Elastic modulus enhancement", + "Thermal conductivity improvement", + "Magnetic domain alignment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two types of arrangements in the closest packing of equal-sized spheres?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cubic close packing and Tetragonal close packing", + "Face-centered cubic and Body-centered cubic", + "Hexagonal close packing and Simple cubic", + "Cubic close packing and Hexagonal close packing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Kaolinite belongs to the silicate of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials (d < 10nm)", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs due to grain boundary sliding dominating deformation in ultrafine-grained materials", + "Grain boundary strengthening follows a d^(-1/2) relationship where d is the average grain diameter", + "The critical grain size for transition to inverse Hall-Petch behavior is material-independent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for cadmium telluride (CdTe)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonding with partial covalent character", + "Pure ionic bonding due to large electronegativity difference", + "Predominantly covalent (with some slight ionic character)", + "Mixed covalent and van der Waals bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What point defects are possible for Al2O3 as an impurity in MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mg2+ vacancies and Al3+ interstitials", + "Al3+ substitutions and Mg2+ interstitials", + "Al3+ substitutions and O2- vacancies", + "Mg2+ vacancies and O2- interstitials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A glass composition (wt%) is Na2O 14%, CaO 13%, SiO2 73%, with a density of 2.5 g/cm3. If soda ash, limestone, and quartz sand are used as raw materials to melt this glass with 1000 kg of quartz sand, how much of the other two raw materials are needed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "327.88 kg of soda ash and 318.00 kg of limestone", + "245.91 kg of soda ash and 238.50 kg of limestone", + "409.85 kg of soda ash and 397.50 kg of limestone", + "163.94 kg of soda ash and 159.00 kg of limestone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In practical applications, which of the following methods can be used to eliminate age hardening and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isothermal transformation at the nose of the TTT diagram", + "Cold working followed by recrystallization annealing", + "Reversion treatment at temperatures just below the solvus line", + "Martensitic quenching with subsequent tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A dislocation whose Burgers vector equals a lattice vector is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "perfect dislocation", + "partial dislocation", + "sessile dislocation", + "glissile dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 5-cm diameter sphere solidifies in 1050s. Under the same conditions, what is the solidification time for a 0.3 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm plate, assuming n=2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "126.5s", + "1050s", + "8.82s", + "31.15s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines critical undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimum undercooling required for homogeneous nucleation to occur, where embryo radius equals critical nucleus radius", + "The temperature difference between melting point and the point where crystal growth rate becomes diffusion-limited", + "The maximum undercooling achievable before glass transition occurs in metallic alloys", + "The undercooling at which heterogeneous nucleation becomes energetically favorable over homogeneous nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In $2080^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ $\\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}$ (L), there is a small bubble with a radius of $10~\\mathrm{^{-8}m}$. What is the additional pressure experienced by the bubble? It is known that the surface tension of $\\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}$ (L) at $2080^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is $0.700\\mathrm{N/m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.4×10^8 N/m²", + "0.7×10^8 N/m²", + "2.8×10^8 N/m²", + "0.35×10^8 N/m²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the number of valence electrons in CaO and MgO, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the electron concentration condition for forming a solid solution.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO has more valence electrons than CaO, preventing solid solution formation due to electron concentration mismatch", + "CaO has more valence electrons than MgO, but the difference is small enough to allow solid solution formation", + "CaO and MgO have the same number of valence electrons, meeting the electron concentration condition for forming a solid solution", + "While both have the same number of valence electrons, the large size difference between Ca and Mg prevents solid solution formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The growth morphology of crystals is related to which of the following distributions at the interface front?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic mass gradient", + "Dislocation density distribution", + "Electron cloud polarization", + "Temperature gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are commonly used elements in alloy steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All of the above are commonly used in alloy steel", + "Al, Cu, Zn, and Pb, in addition to Fe and C", + "Ti, W, Co, and Nb, in addition to Fe and C", + "Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, and V, in addition to Fe and C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the types of heat-resistant steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cementite, ledeburite, and sorbite steels", + "Ferritic, bainitic, and duplex steels", + "Pearlitic, martensitic, and austenitic steels", + "Hardenite, troostite, and widmanstatten steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The adsorption occurring on the surface of solids can be divided into which two types?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Physical adsorption and Chemisorption", + "Physisorption and Chemical bonding", + "Surface adsorption and Bulk absorption", + "Van der Waals adsorption and Covalent adsorption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the modulus of elasticity for spinel (MgAl2O4) with 5 vol% porosity is 240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi), what is the modulus of elasticity for 15 vol% porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "225 GPa (32.6 x 10^6 psi)", + "210 GPa (30.5 x 10^6 psi)", + "195 GPa (28.4 x 10^6 psi)", + "180 GPa (26.1 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes reaction diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The process where diffusion rates are enhanced by catalytic surface reactions", + "The simultaneous diffusion of multiple species leading to concentration gradient relaxation without phase changes", + "A special case of Fick's second law where reaction terms are included in the diffusion equation", + "The diffusion accompanied by chemical reactions that leads to the formation of new phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the concept of dynamic recovery?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dynamic recovery describes the transformation of dislocations into grain boundaries during plastic deformation at room temperature.", + "Dynamic recovery refers to the spontaneous reduction of dislocation density in all crystalline materials upon cooling from high temperatures.", + "Dynamic recovery is the primary softening mechanism for high stacking fault energy materials during hot deformation, occurring through dislocation cross-slip and annihilation.", + "Dynamic recovery is the process where vacancies migrate to dislocations during quenching, reducing their mobility." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The term 'segment' is used to describe which property of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "flexibility", + "crystallinity", + "tensile strength", + "glass transition temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the mobility of a free electron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of electron velocity to atomic lattice vibration frequency in a perfect crystal", + "The proportionality constant between drift velocity and applied electric field, inversely related to scattering frequency", + "The maximum attainable velocity of an electron in a material before dielectric breakdown occurs", + "The quantum mechanical probability of an electron transitioning between valence and conduction bands" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound FexO, Fe3+/Fe2+=0.1. Determine the value of x in the non-stoichiometric compound FexO.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.925", + "0.957", + "0.982", + "1.045" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the crystal structure for a metal with a0=0.42906 nm, r=0.1858 nm and one atom per lattice point.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bcc", + "fcc", + "hcp", + "simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a small bubble with a radius of $10^{-8}\\mathrm{m}$ is generated in water at $100^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and 101325Pa, can this small bubble exist and grow? The density of water at this time is $958\\mathrm{kg}/\\mathrm{m}^{3}$, and the surface tension is $0.0589\\mathrm{N/m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bubble can exist stably at this size due to balanced forces", + "The bubble can exist but cannot grow due to surface tension", + "The bubble will grow rapidly due to thermal energy overcoming surface tension", + "This small bubble cannot exist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay slurry (mainly composed of kaolinite mineral), what are the differences in the casting rate of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2CO3 increases casting rate more than Na2SiO3 due to stronger ionic dissociation", + "Both electrolytes decrease casting rate by compressing the double layer", + "Na2SiO3 increases casting rate while Na2CO3 has negligible effect", + "Both electrolytes increase casting rate equally by neutralizing surface charges" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the solid-state phase transformation process of steel with a carbon content of 0.25%?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When cooled to about 800°C, proeutectoid α-ferrite precipitates from γ-austenite; at 727°C, the eutectoid reaction occurs, forming pearlite, and finally a ferrite plus pearlite structure is obtained", + "At 727°C, the eutectoid reaction occurs directly from γ-austenite to pearlite without prior ferrite precipitation, resulting in a fully pearlitic microstructure", + "Proeutectoid cementite first precipitates at 900°C, followed by the eutectoid reaction at 727°C forming pearlite, leading to a cementite plus pearlite structure", + "The transformation occurs in a single step at 800°C where γ-austenite directly transforms to a mixture of bainite and martensite due to the intermediate carbon content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is secondary recrystallization (abnormal growth)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Discontinuous grain growth where most grains are inhibited while a few grow rapidly, occurring after primary recrystallization", + "The initial formation of new strain-free grains replacing deformed grains during annealing", + "Simultaneous nucleation and growth of new grains during plastic deformation", + "Uniform coarsening of all grains at high temperatures due to surface energy reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the influence of slip and twinning on crystal orientation relationships differ?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip causes greater orientation change due to dislocation accumulation while twinning only affects local regions", + "Both slip and twinning equally modify the overall crystal orientation relationship", + "Twinning creates mirror symmetry across the twin plane while slip preserves the original orientation", + "Neither process significantly alters orientation relationships as they both operate through shear deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following cations, by replacing \\mathrm{Na}^{+}, will induce chemical tempering in a soda-lime glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ca²⁺ (ionic radius 100 pm)", + "Li⁺ (ionic radius 76 pm)", + "K⁺ (ionic radius 138 pm)", + "Al³⁺ (ionic radius 53 pm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the degree of crystallinity affect the thermal conductivity of polymeric materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallinity has negligible effect on thermal conductivity as it primarily affects mechanical properties", + "Higher crystallinity decreases thermal conductivity due to increased phonon scattering at amorphous-crystalline interfaces", + "Higher crystallinity increases thermal conductivity by enabling more efficient phonon transport through ordered crystalline regions", + "Thermal conductivity first increases then decreases with crystallinity due to competing effects of chain alignment and defect formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following types of crystals, the order of forming interstitial solid solutions is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic crystals exhibit lower CRSS than metallic crystals due to weaker bonding", + "The CRSS is primarily determined by the Burgers vector magnitude in all crystal types", + "The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is higher for covalent crystals than ionic crystals at room temperature", + "The CRSS follows the trend: covalent > metallic > ionic for single crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the电价规则, when half of the octahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valence cations should be inserted into the interstices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 3:2, such as Al2O3", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 2:1, such as MgO", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 1:1, such as NaCl", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 1:2, such as TiO2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the recrystallization process of deformed metal during heating and the changes in its microstructure and properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recovery occurs first as temperature increases, followed by recrystallization where subgrains rotate and coalesce to form new grains with identical orientation to the parent grain.", + "During heating, dislocations gradually annihilate through climb and cross-slip mechanisms, leading to a continuous decrease in strength and increase in ductility until reaching the pre-deformation state.", + "New equiaxed grains nucleate at grain boundaries first, then grow into the deformed matrix while maintaining the original crystallographic orientation, resulting in a texture-strengthened material.", + "After reaching or exceeding the recrystallization temperature, new grains with low defect density will form within the original deformed grains, and the grains are basically equiaxed. At this time, mechanical properties such as strength and physical properties quickly recover to the levels before deformation." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth is primarily governed by dislocation movement and results in a decrease in grain boundary energy, leading to a random distribution of grain sizes.", + "Grain growth occurs through the migration of grain boundaries driven by surface energy reduction, resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution as smaller grains are consumed by larger ones.", + "Grain growth is the process in which the average grain size of a strain-free material continuously increases during heat treatment without altering its distribution. Within the green body, grain sizes grow uniformly; during grain growth, pores remain at grain boundaries or grain boundary junctions.", + "Grain growth involves the coalescence of adjacent grains through atomic diffusion along grain boundaries, creating a gradient in grain sizes from the surface to the bulk material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a Schottky defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A lattice distortion defect resulting from size mismatch between dopant and host atoms", + "An interstitial defect caused by high-energy particle bombardment creating Frenkel pairs", + "A charge-neutral defect complex consisting of cation vacancies and anion vacancies in equal numbers", + "A vacancy defect formed by displaced atoms migrating to the outer surface under thermal equilibrium conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the definition of a habit plane in the context of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip plane in the parent phase that facilitates martensitic transformation", + "The plane with maximum atomic density where phase transformation initiates preferentially", + "The crystallographic plane exhibiting minimum interfacial energy between parent and product phases", + "The parent phase crystal plane that is parallel to the main plane of the new phase during solid-state transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the four main mass transfer mechanisms in sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface diffusion; Grain boundary diffusion; Lattice diffusion; Viscous flow", + "Evaporation-condensation; Surface diffusion; Plastic flow; Dislocation climb", + "Evaporation-condensation; Diffusion mass transfer; Flow mass transfer; Dissolution-precipitation", + "Grain boundary sliding; Dislocation motion; Recrystallization; Phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.4-in. diameter, 12-in-long titanium bar has a yield strength of 50,000 psi, a modulus of elasticity of 16x10^6 psi, and Poisson's ratio of 0.30. When a 500-lb load is applied, the final length of the bar is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12.00000 in", + "12.00149 in", + "11.99702 in", + "12.00298 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared with pure iron, how do the plasticity and toughness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher due to reduced dislocation density", + "Lower because of increased grain boundary resistance", + "Remains unchanged as both are BCC structures", + "Depends on the carbon content in ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the fiber stress σf of Al2O3 short fibers when the length exceeds the critical length, given the fiber tensile strength σfa=2275MPa, critical length Lc=299.3μm, and actual length L=4mm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2275MPa", + "2190MPa", + "2045MPa", + "2350MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a p-type semiconductor:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The majority carriers are electrons with mobility equal to holes", + "The majority carriers are electrons with mobility higher than holes", + "The majority carriers are holes with mobility equal to electrons", + "The majority carriers are holes with mobility higher than electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One crystalline form of silica (SiO₂) has a cubic unit cell with a cell edge length of 0.700 nm. If the measured density is 2.32 g/cm³, how many Si⁴⁺ and O²⁻ ions are there per unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 Si⁴⁺ and 16 O²⁻ ions", + "4 Si⁴⁺ and 8 O²⁻ ions", + "12 Si⁴⁺ and 24 O²⁻ ions", + "6 Si⁴⁺ and 12 O²⁻ ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the Burgers vector of a pure edge dislocation and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation line motion", + "The Burgers vector is parallel to the direction of dislocation line motion", + "The Burgers vector forms a 45° angle with the direction of dislocation line motion", + "There is no consistent relationship between Burgers vector and dislocation motion direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The index of refraction of quartz is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. If the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.544 and 1.553 in the direction of light propagation, what is the reflectivity at the boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.89 × 10^{-4}", + "8.45 × 10^{-6}", + "1.23 × 10^{-3}", + "3.67 × 10^{-5}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the visible spectrum, a thick metal specimen will be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stacking fault energy is the primary factor determining creep resistance at high temperatures", + "The yield strength increases linearly with grain size according to Hall-Petch relationship", + "The dislocation density decreases exponentially with annealing temperature", + "The Burgers vector magnitude affects dislocation mobility but not the critical resolved shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force of recovery recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "deformation stored energy", + "grain boundary curvature", + "chemical potential gradient", + "stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In solid-state crystals, diffusion can be classified into which two types based on whether new phase structures are formed during atomic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal diffusion and chemical diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion and vacancy diffusion", + "Self-diffusion and hetero-diffusion", + "Atomic diffusion and reactive diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A stress of 70MPa is applied in the [001] direction of an FCC crystal. Which slip system in the crystal will activate first?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(100)[011] slip system", + "(111)[1-10] slip system", + "(110)[1-11] slip system", + "(111)[10-1] slip system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are reasons why fiberglass-reinforced composites are used extensively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interfacial bonding strength between glass fibers and polymer matrices exceeds that of carbon fiber composites", + "The thermal expansion coefficient of fiberglass composites perfectly matches most metal substrates", + "Fiberglass-reinforced composites demonstrate higher specific stiffness than aluminum alloys", + "Glass fibers exhibit superior creep resistance compared to carbon fibers at elevated temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The driving force for solid-state phase transformation is _____, while the resistances are _____ and _____.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "chemical potential gradient; grain boundary energy; thermal stress", + "enthalpy change; surface tension; dislocation density", + "free energy difference between new and old phases; interface energy; strain energy", + "Gibbs free energy; elastic modulus; activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A rod of some material 0.50{m} long elongates 0.40mm on heating from 50^{\\circ} C to 151^{\\circ} C. What is the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.30 × 10^{-6} (°C)^{-1}", + "7.92 × 10^{-6} (°C)^{-1}", + "1.60 × 10^{-5} (°C)^{-1}", + "1.24 × 10^{-6} (°C)^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that liquid pure nickel undergoes homogeneous nucleation at an undercooling of 319°C under 1.013×10^5 Pa (1 atm). Given the critical nucleus radius as 1 nm, the melting point of pure nickel as 1726 K, the heat of fusion Lm = 18075 J/mol, and the molar volume V = 6.6 cm^3/mol, the liquid-solid interfacial energy for pure nickel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.319 J/m²", + "0.253 J/m²", + "0.1726 J/m²", + "0.18075 J/m²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of the atomic radius when the coordination number of the elemental atom is 6 to that when the coordination number is 12?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.71", + "1.12", + "0.89", + "1.26" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that Ir has an FCC crystal structure, a density of 22.4g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 192.2g/mol, the radius of an iridium atom is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.128nm (忽略堆积因子计算错误)", + "0.143nm (BCC误用值)", + "0.136nm", + "0.152nm (单位换算陷阱)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under the same system and the same degree of supercooling, the heterogeneous nucleation rate is always the homogeneous nucleation rate.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for dislocation motion in BCC metals", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal", + "The yield strength of a polycrystalline sample" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using dislocation theory, which of the following explains one of the reasons for work hardening in pure metal single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation intersections occur, and the resulting jogs impede dislocation motion", + "The elastic modulus increases significantly with plastic deformation", + "Vacancy concentration decreases dramatically during cold working", + "Grain boundary strengthening becomes dominant in single crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic number of an electrically neutral atom is equal to the number of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus", + "The number of protons in the nucleus", + "The number of electrons in the outermost shell", + "The total number of electrons in the atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The polymer will show higher crystallinity upon rapid quenching from melt state", + "The polymer will exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivity due to random chain orientation", + "The polymer's glass transition temperature will decrease with increasing molecular weight", + "The polymer will demonstrate shape memory effects without any crosslinking" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are examples of elemental semiconducting materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "SiO2 and Al2O3", + "GaAs and InP", + "C (diamond) and Sn (gray tin)", + "Ge and Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of an acceptor impurity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hole", + "Electron", + "Both holes and electrons", + "Neither, it creates a neutral defect state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains the difference between hardness and hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both describe deformation resistance, but hardness applies to ceramics while hardenability applies to metals", + "Hardness quantifies bulk deformation resistance, whereas hardenability measures surface phase transformation capability", + "Hardness measures surface deformation resistance, while hardenability indicates martensite formation depth in ferrous alloys", + "Hardness is an intrinsic material property, while hardenability depends on quenching medium temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can screw dislocations only undergo glide motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the stress field of screw dislocations prevents climb motion", + "Because screw dislocations can only move along their Burgers vector direction", + "Because it does not have a fixed half-atom plane", + "Because screw dislocations lack the necessary vacancy diffusion pathways" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the influence of surface energy on the thermodynamics of solid-state phase transformations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface energy creates an additional energy barrier that must be overcome for nucleation, effectively reducing the driving force for phase transformation", + "Surface energy directly alters the bulk Gibbs free energy difference between phases, making it the dominant factor in transformation kinetics", + "Surface energy only affects the kinetics of phase transformations by modifying diffusion coefficients at interfaces", + "Surface energy has negligible effect because its contribution scales with surface area while bulk free energy scales with volume" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What determines the characteristic color of a transparent nonmetal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The selective absorption of specific wavelengths by electronic transitions", + "The energy band gap between the valence and conduction bands", + "The distribution of wavelengths of the nonabsorbed light radiation that is transmitted through the material", + "The refractive index dispersion characteristics of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the crystal structure for a metal with a0=4.9489 Å, r=1.75 Å and one atom per lattice point. The correct crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "simple cubic", + "bcc", + "hcp", + "fcc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Are thermal stresses introduced upon heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, due to differential thermal expansion between constrained regions", + "No, because heating always causes uniform expansion relieving stresses", + "Only in anisotropic materials with negative thermal expansion coefficients", + "Only if the heating rate exceeds the material's thermal diffusivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The mineral olivine is a solid solution of the silicate compounds forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄) and fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄). How many chemical components are there in a sample of olivine?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 (only SiO₂)", + "2 (Mg₂SiO₄ and Fe₂SiO₄)", + "3 (Mg, Fe, and SiO₄)", + "4 (Mg, Fe, Si, and O)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the ion Ba2+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6", + "[Xe] 6s2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2", + "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: The solid-liquid interface specific surface energy of aluminum σ=93 mJ/m^2, and the free energy change per unit volume ΔGV=-3.51×10^7 J/m^3. What is the free energy change ΔGr* (nucleation work) at the critical nucleus size r* during the transition from liquid to solid?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.47 × 10^-15 J", + "1.73 × 10^-15 J", + "6.94 × 10^-15 J", + "1.04 × 10^-14 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is dynamic recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phenomenon where deformation and recrystallization occur simultaneously above the recrystallization temperature", + "The process of grain refinement through repeated cold working and annealing cycles", + "The spontaneous rearrangement of dislocations during plastic deformation at room temperature", + "The nucleation of new grains during post-deformation heat treatment below recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which structure would you expect CsBr to have?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cesium chloride structure", + "zinc blende structure", + "fluorite structure", + "sodium chloride structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does crystal structure affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "FCC structures always have higher diffusion coefficients than BCC due to higher packing density", + "Different structures result in different diffusion coefficients", + "Diffusion coefficients are independent of crystal structure when temperature exceeds 0.5Tm", + "HCP structures exhibit isotropic diffusion coefficients in all crystallographic directions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a critical nucleus in a metal liquid?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The first ordered atomic arrangement that appears during liquid-to-solid transformation in metals", + "The smallest crystalline structure that can form spontaneously in a supercooled liquid without dissolving back", + "A nucleus that has reached the minimum Gibbs free energy required for stable growth in a solidifying alloy", + "In a metal liquid, an embryo with a radius larger than the critical radius rk can stably grow and is called a critical nucleus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a BCC iron-carbon alloy that contains 0.1 wt% C, the fraction of unit cells that contain carbon atoms is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.33 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell", + "4.65 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell", + "1.86 × 10^{-2} atoms/unit cell", + "9.31 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the crystal structures of CaO and MgO, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the crystal structural conditions for forming a solid solution.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both have FCC NaCl-type structures with similar lattice parameters (4.81Å for CaO vs 4.21Å for MgO)", + "No, because CaO has a higher coordination number (8) than MgO (6) in their crystal structures", + "Yes, but only at high temperatures where their thermal expansion coefficients converge", + "No, because the large difference in ionic radii (Ca²⁺=1.00Å vs Mg²⁺=0.72Å) prevents stable substitution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "This ceramic outlier has the highest room-temperature thermal conductivity of about 2,000 watts per meter per kelvin, a value that is five time higher than the best thermally conductive metals.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Phonon contribution dominates thermal conductivity in pure copper at 300K", + "The Wiedemann-Franz law holds precisely for all metals at room temperature", + "The thermal conductivity of graphene is primarily limited by electron-phonon scattering", + "In covalently bonded ceramics, thermal conductivity always increases with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the process of compression molding used to form plastic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Injecting molten polymer into a closed mold under high pressure", + "Applying heat and pressure to polymer placed between mold members", + "Using only pressure to shape pre-heated polymer sheets", + "Extruding polymer through a die to create continuous profiles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes how texture is formed in metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture forms when dislocations rearrange into low-energy configurations during recovery annealing, creating preferred orientations", + "Texture arises from selective grain growth during recrystallization where grains with certain orientations consume others", + "Texture develops when external stresses cause systematic rotation of crystal lattices toward stable slip directions", + "Texture results from constitutional supercooling during solidification, creating aligned dendritic structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes spinodal decomposition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase separation mechanism where composition fluctuations decrease with time, leading to a single homogeneous phase", + "A diffusion-driven process where a supersaturated solid solution decomposes into two distinct phases with different crystal structures", + "A special form of solid solution decomposition where a single phase separates into two phases with identical crystal structure but different compositions through uphill diffusion", + "A nucleation and growth process where small composition fluctuations lead to the formation of precipitates with different lattice parameters" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is Cr12MoV steel not stainless steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high carbon content prevents chromium from forming a protective oxide layer", + "Molybdenum and vanadium additions disrupt the passive film formation", + "The chromium content is below the critical 13% threshold required for passivation", + "Its primary application as tool steel doesn't require corrosion resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "With regard to electron configuration, what do all the elements in Group VIIA of the periodic table have in common?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They all have seven valence electrons", + "Their outermost p orbitals are half-filled", + "They require one additional electron to complete their valence shell", + "Each has five p electrons in their outermost shell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods to prevent secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increase cooling rate after sintering", + "control sintering temperature", + "use materials with higher elastic modulus", + "apply external magnetic field during sintering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the changes in mechanical properties of deformed metals during annealing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hardness decreases, strength increases, elongation decreases", + "Hardness increases, strength decreases, elongation remains constant", + "Hardness and strength decrease, elongation increases", + "All mechanical properties improve simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Indium (In) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Cadmium Sulfide (CdS). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acceptor (p-type)", + "Donor (n-type)", + "Amphoteric (both donor and acceptor)", + "Neutral impurity (no doping effect)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes packing density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It refers to the maximum possible coordination number of atoms in a perfect crystalline lattice.", + "It is defined as the mass of atoms per unit volume of a crystal structure, commonly expressed in g/cm³.", + "It describes the percentage of theoretical density achieved in a polycrystalline material after sintering.", + "It represents the ratio of the volume occupied by atoms in a unit cell to the volume of the unit cell, and is a parameter to measure the tightness of atomic arrangement." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are carburizing steels mostly used to manufacture gears for automobile and tractor gearboxes and rear axle gears?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The carburizing process creates a uniform microstructure throughout the gear cross-section", + "They exhibit superior elastic modulus compared to other gear materials under cyclic loading", + "Their working conditions are demanding, requiring high toughness in the core and high hardness on the surface", + "They provide the highest possible surface hardness among all gear materials available" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Nitrogen (N) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Silicon (Si). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Neither (Nitrogen forms a neutral complex with silicon vacancies)", + "Acceptor (Nitrogen's smaller atomic radius creates strain that favors hole formation)", + "Donor (Nitrogen has one more valence electron than Silicon)", + "Amphoteric (Nitrogen can act as either depending on Fermi level position)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Visible light having a wavelength of 6 x 10^-7 m appears orange. What is the energy of a photon of this light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.97 x 10^-19 J", + "1.24 x 10^-19 J", + "3.31 x 10^-19 J", + "6.63 x 10^-19 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aligned and continuous glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 94% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. What will be the tensile strength of this composite? Assume that the matrix stress at fiber failure is 30 MPa (4350 psi).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1354 MPa (196,400 psi)", + "1270 MPa (184,200 psi)", + "1420 MPa (206,000 psi)", + "1180 MPa (171,100 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes extrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Extrinsic diffusion occurs when impurity atoms directly exchange positions with host atoms, requiring simultaneous motion of both species. This mechanism dominates in heavily doped systems at high temperatures.", + "Extrinsic diffusion refers to atomic migration driven by external stress fields, where the activation energy depends on both the stress magnitude and temperature gradient across the material.", + "Extrinsic diffusion: It is a migration phenomenon caused by vacancies generated from the doping of inequivalent impurity ions. The activation energy of extrinsic diffusion only includes the migration energy of mass points, and extrinsic diffusion dominates at low temperatures.", + "Extrinsic diffusion is the dominant mass transport mechanism in pure materials, where the activation energy includes both vacancy formation and migration energies." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO dissolves into Al2O3 to form a solid solution, assuming the formation of cation interstitials. Which of the following is the correct reaction equation using Kroger-Vink notation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3MgO → 3Mg•Al + V••i + 3OO×", + "2MgO → 2Mg•Al + V••i + 2OO×", + "MgO + Al2O3 → Mg••Al + 2V•O + 3OO×", + "3MgO → 3Mg••i + 2V•Al + 3OO×" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the main reasons for dislocations promoting nucleation in the case where the composition of the new phase differs from that of the parent phase. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations act as preferential nucleation sites primarily due to their high strain energy, which lowers the activation energy barrier for nucleation regardless of compositional differences.", + "When the composition of the new phase differs from that of the parent phase, the segregation of solute atoms along dislocation lines (forming Cottrell atmospheres) facilitates the precipitation of the new phase and also promotes nucleation.", + "The difference in composition between phases creates a lattice mismatch that is accommodated by dislocations, making them ideal nucleation sites through purely geometric considerations.", + "Solute atoms preferentially decorate dislocation cores, creating local compositional fluctuations that mimic the new phase's structure but do not significantly affect nucleation kinetics." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An iron bar magnet with a coercivity of 4000 A/m is to be demagnetized. If the bar is inserted within a cylindrical wire coil 0.15 m long and having 100 turns, what electric current is required to generate the necessary magnetic field?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 A", + "4 A", + "6 A", + "10 A" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is carburization chosen in γ-Fe around 930‰, where the diffusion coefficient increases with carbon content?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The increasing carbon content reduces the activation energy for diffusion in γ-Fe", + "Higher carbon concentration creates more vacancies that enhance diffusion", + "Carbon atoms preferentially occupy interstitial sites that lower the energy barrier", + "The austenite phase has higher solubility limit for carbon than ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion data of nickel in face-centered cubic iron as D_Ni = 4.1 exp(-64000 × 4.18 / RT) cm²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1000°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.07×10^-9 cm²/s", + "2.18×10^-10 cm²/s", + "4.35×10^-11 cm²/s", + "8.70×10^-12 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is gray iron brittle and weak in tension based on its microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The pearlite matrix has inherently low ductility due to its lamellar structure", + "The graphite flakes create stress concentration points that initiate cracks under tension", + "The high carbon content reduces dislocation mobility in the ferrite phase", + "Graphite-matrix interface decohesion occurs before plastic deformation can begin" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization refer to the simultaneous occurrence of which of the following during deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "phase transformation and twinning", + "dislocation generation and annihilation", + "grain growth and texture development", + "softening and strain hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The shear modulus of Ni is G=75 GPa, and the intrinsic stacking fault energy is γ=150 mJ/m². What is the equilibrium width of dislocation extension?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.753×10⁻⁹ m", + "2.257×10⁻⁹ m", + "1.505×10⁻⁹ m", + "3.010×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At a temperature of 1223K, the diffusion coefficient of interstitial atoms in a face-centered cubic metal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.34×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "2.17×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "8.68×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "1.73×10⁻⁷m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes solid solution strengthening and its mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening occurs when solute atoms increase the elastic modulus of the matrix, making it harder for dislocations to move through the lattice.", + "Solid solution strengthening is primarily caused by solute atoms reducing the stacking fault energy, which promotes dislocation cross-slip and enhances ductility rather than strength.", + "The strengthening effect arises when solute atoms create local stress fields that interact with dislocations, but this only occurs in interstitial solid solutions, not substitutional ones.", + "Solid solution strengthening results from solute atoms pinning grain boundaries, similar to the Zener pinning effect, thereby preventing grain growth and increasing strength." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that liquid nickel is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. The number of nickel atoms in the nucleus is: (Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "92 atoms (incorrect volume calculation)", + "128 atoms (FCC unit cell atoms × 4 unit cells)", + "74 atoms (assuming BCC structure by mistake)", + "109 atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and the third nearest Cl− ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.486nm", + "0.622nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.414nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose we introduce one carbon atom for every 100 iron atoms in an interstitial position in BCC iron, giving a lattice parameter of 0.2867 nm. For the Fe-C alloy, the packing factor is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.724", + "0.681", + "0.648", + "0.703" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Complete the following statement regarding conditions that must be satisfied in order for a solid solution to exhibit extensive solubility. The solute and host species must feature [y] valence electron configuration.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a different but isoelectronic", + "a complementary", + "a similar (or the same)", + "a significantly higher" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the电价规则, when half of the tetrahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valency cations should be inserted into the interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cation valency should be half of the anion valency, such as TiO2", + "The ratio of cation to anion valency should be 1:1, such as ZnS", + "The cation valency should equal the anion valency divided by coordination number, such as Al2O3", + "The cation valency should match the anion valency, such as NaCl" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under equilibrium cooling conditions, a carbon steel obtains a microstructure containing 50% pearlite and 50% ferrite. What is the mass fraction of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.42", + "0.25", + "0.77", + "0.385" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Please compare the distortion energy of the two dislocations b1= a/2[111] and b2=a[100] in FCC crystals, which one is greater.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The distortion energy of b1 is greater because it has mixed edge/screw character", + "The distortion energy of b2 is smaller because [100] is a perfect slip direction in FCC", + "Both have equal distortion energy since they are both perfect dislocations in FCC", + "The distortion energy of b1 is smaller due to lower Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two batches of industrial pure aluminum samples were rolled with the same deformation amount on June 5 and June 9, respectively, and then subjected to recrystallization annealing simultaneously on the 9th. The experiment found that for the same annealing time, the temperatures required to complete recrystallization were different for the two batches of samples. Which batch has a higher recrystallization temperature, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The June 9 sample has higher recrystallization temperature because it has more stored deformation energy", + "The June 5 sample has higher recrystallization temperature due to partial recovery during storage", + "Both samples have the same recrystallization temperature since deformation amount was identical", + "The June 5 sample has lower recrystallization temperature due to natural aging effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main strengthening mechanisms that can be employed for industrial pure aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening", + "Work hardening and grain refinement strengthening", + "Dispersion strengthening and twinning-induced plasticity", + "Martensitic transformation and dislocation pinning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the slip of the jog is inconsistent with the slip of the main dislocation line, the main dislocation line will drag the jog to produce climb motion, resulting in which of the following phenomena?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip multiplication", + "Dislocation annihilation", + "Jog hardening", + "Strain-induced crystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly contrasts the mechanical characteristics of matrix and dispersed phases for fiber-reinforced composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Matrix materials typically have higher fracture toughness than fibers, but fibers compensate with superior fatigue resistance", + "The matrix phase exhibits high toughness but low yield strength, while fibers show high tensile strength but poor creep resistance", + "While the matrix provides most of the composite's stiffness, fibers contribute primarily to impact resistance", + "The matrix phase dominates thermal conductivity properties, whereas fibers control the electrical conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What changes occur in the microstructure of metals after plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The originally equiaxed grains are elongated along the deformation direction, and grain boundaries may appear fibrous under large deformation", + "Dislocation density decreases significantly due to annihilation during plastic deformation", + "Crystallographic texture weakens as grains randomize their orientations to accommodate strain", + "Second-phase particles dissolve into the matrix to facilitate dislocation movement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 1-mm sheet of FCC iron is used to contain nitrogen in a heat exchanger at 1200°C. The concentration of N at one surface is 0.04 atomic percent and the concentration at the second surface is 0.005 atomic percent. What is the flux of nitrogen through the foil in N atoms/cm^2·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.57 × 10^{12} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "3.42 × 10^{15} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "1.89 × 10^{10} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "4.63 × 10^{13} N atoms/cm^2·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the CsCl crystal structure (assuming ions are in contact along the body diagonal)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.524", + "0.740", + "0.685", + "0.680" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which is the most closely packed plane in a hexagonal close-packed crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(0001)", + "(1010)", + "(1120)", + "(1011)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cool a melt containing MgO and Al2O3 to a certain temperature, then filter out the precipitated crystals and analyze the remaining liquid phase. It is found that the liquid phase contains 65% MgO, and the amount of liquid phase is 70% of the total system. Determine the composition of the original melt.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO 45.5%; Al2O3 54.5%", + "MgO 55.5%; Al2O3 44.5%", + "MgO 65%; Al2O3 35%", + "MgO 70%; Al2O3 30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a factory used a nylon rope sling that had been in stock for two years, a fracture accident occurred even though the load-bearing capacity was far greater than the lifting stress. The reason for the fracture was:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Viscoelastic creep deformation under sustained load", + "Stress concentration at manufacturing defects", + "Hydrolysis-induced chain scission from ambient moisture absorption", + "UV-induced crosslinking from improper storage" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The two basic types of dislocations are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "edge dislocation and screw dislocation", + "linear dislocation and planar dislocation", + "elastic dislocation and plastic dislocation", + "primary dislocation and secondary dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the relationship between the diffusion direction of components and their concentration gradient direction, what are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion and vacancy diffusion", + "Fickian diffusion and non-Fickian diffusion", + "Downhill diffusion and uphill diffusion", + "Self-diffusion and hetero-diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the electron configuration for the ion Al3+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1", + "[Ne] 3s2 3p1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the shear strength τ of 40 steel, given the shear modulus of iron GFe=7.9×10^10Pa, Burgers vector b=0.25nm, and particle spacing λ=2.4μm. The shear strength τ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.12×10^4Pa", + "3.29×10^6Pa", + "1.65×10^7Pa", + "8.23×10^5Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a simple cubic crystal, pure bending of the (110) plane around the [001] axis will form what type of dislocations (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[100] or a[010]", + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[111], Burgers vector=a/2[110]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a/2[110]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the $\\mathbf{ABO}_{3}$ (perovskite) type structure, B ions occupy:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cubic voids", + "tetrahedral voids", + "octahedral voids", + "edge-sharing tetrahedra" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 30 wt% Zn and 70 wt% Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32.1 at% Zn and 67.9 at% Cu", + "29.4 at% Zn and 70.6 at% Cu", + "27.8 at% Zn and 72.2 at% Cu", + "30.0 at% Zn and 70.0 at% Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 850-lb force is applied to a 0.15-in. diameter nickel wire having a yield strength of 45,000 psi and a tensile strength of 55,000 psi. What will happen to the wire?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The wire will fracture immediately due to exceeding tensile strength", + "The wire will undergo elastic deformation only (stress = 38,200 psi)", + "The wire will plastically deform (stress = 48,100 psi)", + "The wire will undergo creep deformation at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system (111)[110], if the slip is caused by a pure edge dislocation, what is the direction of the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[112]", + "[111]", + "[100]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2 in. × 8 in. × 10 in. iron casting is produced and, after cooling to room temperature, is found to weigh 43.9 lb. If all of the shrinkage occurs as pores with a diameter of 0.05 in., the number of shrinkage pores in the casting is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "62,515 pores", + "41,677 pores", + "166,708 pores", + "83,354 pores" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy at 726 degrees C, the composition and amount of each microconstituent present are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary Fe3C: 6.67% C, 6.4%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 93.6%", + "primary Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17.2%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 82.8%", + "primary α-Fe: 0.022% C, 85.3%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 14.7%", + "primary γ-Fe: 2.08% C, 94.2%; cementite: 6.67% C, 5.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what temperature or temperature range is primary cementite formed, and through what reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "727-1148°C, eutectoid reaction: γ→Fe3C1 + α", + ">1148°C, eutectic reaction: L→Fe3C1", + "<727°C, precipitation reaction: α→Fe3C1", + "1495°C, peritectic reaction: L + δ→Fe3C1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary system during diffusion, can a three-phase coexistence region appear within the diffusion layer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, when the interdiffusion coefficients satisfy D_AB = D_AC = D_BC", + "Yes, if the system has a miscibility gap in the phase diagram", + "No, because the diffusion path must follow a continuous composition gradient", + "No, unless the system reaches local equilibrium at each point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Hardenability'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum hardness achievable in a steel through any heat treatment process", + "The resistance of a material to plastic deformation under tensile stress, typically measured by yield strength", + "The depth to which a steel can be hardened by heat treatment, determined by its alloy composition", + "The ability of a steel to form martensite during quenching, as measured by the maximum achievable hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is it so important to control the rate of drying of a ceramic body that has been hydroplastically formed or slip cast?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To ensure complete evaporation of all chemically bonded water molecules before firing", + "To prevent differential shrinkage between surface and interior regions that could lead to warping/cracking", + "To maintain the optimal viscosity for subsequent glaze application processes", + "To allow sufficient time for crystalline phase transformations to occur uniformly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the condition during the solidification of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical potentials equalize only when the alloy reaches eutectic composition", + "The solidification rate determines the equality of chemical potentials at the interface", + "At the phase interface, the chemical potentials of components A and B in the liquid and solid phases are equal", + "The equality of chemical potentials is maintained throughout the entire solidification process" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interface energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=418 J/cm^3 at 1000°C, the critical nucleus radius is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.78 nm", + "2.39 nm", + "1.20 nm", + "9.56 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Elastic alloys can be divided into which two major categories?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High elastic alloys; Constant elastic alloys", + "Ferromagnetic elastic alloys; Superelastic alloys", + "Shape memory alloys; Damping elastic alloys", + "Linear elastic alloys; Nonlinear elastic alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a powder compact with an average particle size of 5μm, after sintering for 2 hours, the neck growth ratio x/r=0.1. If grain growth is not considered, how much time is required to sinter the compact to a neck growth ratio x/r=0.2 through diffusion mass transport?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "64h", + "8h", + "32h", + "16h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the coordination number of the cation in the compound MgO, given r(Mg2+)=0.078nm, r(O2-)=0.132nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4 (based on radius ratio threshold for tetrahedral coordination)", + "6 (correct NaCl-type structure coordination)", + "8 (assuming fluorite structure like CaF2)", + "12 (mistaking for close-packed metallic structure)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Highly cold-rolled aluminum sheets will form a well-developed {001}<100> texture (cube texture) after high-temperature annealing. If such an aluminum sheet is deep-drawn into a cup, how many ears will be produced?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Four ears", + "Eight ears", + "Six ears", + "No ears will form" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On the average, dislocation-dislocation strain interactions are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "attractive", + "repulsive", + "neutral", + "dependent on Burgers vector orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the migration of particles caused by intrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding under stress", + "Interstitial atoms moving through crystal lattice", + "Vacancies generated by intrinsic thermal defects", + "Dislocation climb due to applied shear" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The roles of the glass phase in ceramics include all of the following EXCEPT:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bonding dispersed crystalline phases", + "Increasing fracture toughness through crack deflection", + "Reducing sintering temperature", + "Inhibiting grain growth during sintering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Methods to strengthen metal materials include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Elastic modulus enhancement", + "Thermal expansion matching", + "Surface passivation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In cubic crystals, the (110) and (211) planes belong to the same zone axis.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The zone axis is [111] because both planes contain this direction", + "The zone axis is [110] as it's the simplest common direction for cubic systems", + "These planes cannot belong to the same zone axis due to different Miller indices", + "The zone axis is [1-10] as determined by the cross product of the plane normals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the number-average relative molecular weight of linear polytetrafluoroethylene is 5×10^5, its C-C bond length is 0.154 nm, and the bond angle θ is 109°, its root-mean-square length is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "31.2 nm", + "24.7 nm", + "7.8 nm", + "15.4 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one function that a transistor may perform in an electronic circuit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amplify an electrical signal", + "Convert thermal energy directly into electrical energy", + "Store charge like a capacitor", + "Generate light through electroluminescence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + } +] \ No newline at end of file