diff --git a/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_only_hard.json b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_only_hard.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ecae61 --- /dev/null +++ b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_only_hard.json @@ -0,0 +1,27609 @@ +[ + { + "question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification of 75 ×.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.2", + "4.8", + "3.6", + "6.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of steel should be used to manufacture automobile fenders?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High carbon steel for superior dent resistance", + "Low carbon steel for better formability during stamping", + "Medium carbon steel to balance strength and ductility", + "Dual-phase steel for optimal crash energy absorption" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the centers of sodium ions at the nearest identical positions in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.181nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.556nm", + "0.393nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a silicon single crystal wafer with a thickness of 0.5 mm. On one end face, every 10^7 silicon atoms contain two atoms, while the other end face has an increased concentration of gallium after treatment. Determine how many gallium atoms per 10^7 silicon atoms are required on this face to achieve a concentration gradient of 2×10^26 atoms/m³·m. The lattice constant of silicon is 0.5407 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18", + "22", + "26", + "14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a BCC single crystal, which of the following statements is true regarding the surface energy for a (100) plane compared to a (110) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The (110) plane has higher surface energy because it contains more broken bonds per unit area", + "The surface energy for a (100) plane is less than that for a (110) plane because the (100) plane has lower atomic coordination", + "Both planes have equal surface energy due to equivalent atomic arrangements in BCC crystals", + "The surface energy for a (100) plane is greater than that for a (110) plane because the (110) plane has a higher packing density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the composition of HT150 and annealed 20 steel. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has higher carbon content but lower silicon content than annealed 20 steel", + "Both materials have nearly identical phosphorus and sulfur content due to modern refining processes", + "The main compositional difference is the presence of chromium in 20 steel for corrosion resistance", + "Annealed 20 steel contains more carbon than HT150 to achieve its higher strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A green body with an initial particle size of 5μm is sintered for 2h to reach x/r=0.1. If sintering continues until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when material transport occurs via dissolution-precipitation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "512h", + "8h", + "32h", + "128h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the planar density of the (110) plane in a face-centered cubic crystal, given the atomic radius r=(√2/4)a. The planar density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.64", + "0.74", + "0.42", + "0.56" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that contains 99.7 lb_{m} copper, 102 lb_{m} zinc, and 2.1 lb_{m} lead?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{wt}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{at}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{at}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{at}%", + "c_{\\mathrm{cu}} = 50.0 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{zn}} = 49.7 \\, \\text{wt}%, c_{\\mathrm{pb}} = 0.3 \\, \\text{wt}%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the wire drawing die made of high-carbon high-chromium steel wears out, the inner hole has a slight oversize. What heat treatment can be used to reduce the inner hole diameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nitriding at 500°C for 5 hours", + "Annealing at 750°C followed by slow cooling", + "Tempering at 300°C for 2 hours", + "Water quenching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the given corrosion data for Metal M and Hydrogen, compute the corrosion potential for this reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.340 V", + "-0.380 V", + "-0.460 V", + "-0.420 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs along specific crystallographic planes while twinning involves coordinated atomic movement", + "Twinning requires higher stress than slip due to simultaneous atomic movement", + "Slip preserves crystal orientation while twinning creates mirror-image lattice regions", + "Both mechanisms involve dislocation motion but twinning occurs at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "418°C (785°F)", + "0.4 times the melting point (491°C)", + "The recrystallization temperature (600°C)", + "The Curie temperature (358°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 1.10 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "About 777°C (1430°F)", + "About 727°C (1340°F)", + "About 912°C (1674°F)", + "About 1148°C (2098°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of atoms N in 1 cm³ of copper, given that the density of copper is 8.9 g/cm³, the relative atomic mass is 63.5, and Avogadro's number is 6.02×10²³. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.4×10²²", + "0.84×10²³", + "1.06×10²³", + "5.3×10²²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a polymer material is subjected to force, the elasticity achieved by the elongation of bond length is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress-strain curve shows perfect linearity up to fracture", + "The hysteresis loop area represents stored elastic energy", + "The energy dissipation is primarily due to covalent bond breakage", + "The molecular chains undergo complete elastic recovery after yielding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 277 MPa and the modulus of elasticity is 117 GPa. If the original specimen length is 148 mm, what is the maximum length to which it may be stretched without causing plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "149.35 mm", + "131.30 mm", + "147.65 mm", + "130.85 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Schottky defect formation energy of Mg0 crystal is 84 kJ/mol. What is the defect concentration of this crystal at 1000K and 1500K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "T=1000K: n/N=8.4×10⁻⁵; T=1500K: n/N=4.7×10⁻⁴", + "T=1000K: n/N=1.2×10⁻²; T=1500K: n/N=6.8×10⁻²", + "T=1000K: n/N=6.4×10⁻³; T=1500K: n/N=3.5×10⁻²", + "T=1000K: n/N=3.2×10⁻³; T=1500K: n/N=1.75×10⁻²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of a nickel alloy having an elastic modulus of 207 GPa (30 × 10^6 psi) and an original diameter of 10.2 mm (0.40 in.) experiences only elastic deformation when a tensile load of 8900 N (2000 lbf) is applied. Compute the maximum length of the specimen before deformation if the maximum allowable elongation is 0.25 mm (0.010 in.). The maximum length of the specimen before deformation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.475 m (475 mm)", + "0.237 m (237 mm)", + "0.95 m (950 mm)", + "0.119 m (119 mm)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Commonly used expansion materials are divided into which three categories?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Low expansion materials; Controlled expansion materials; High expansion materials", + "Isotropic expansion materials; Anisotropic expansion materials; Negative expansion materials", + "Linear expansion materials; Area expansion materials; Volume expansion materials", + "Thermal expansion materials; Hygroscopic expansion materials; Phase-change expansion materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the primary microconstituent that forms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primary Fe3C", + "Primary α-ferrite", + "Eutectic mixture of α-ferrite and Fe3C", + "Proeutectoid cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The usage state of synthetic fibers is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress-strain curve shows linear elasticity up to 5% strain", + "Dislocation density reaches 10^12 cm^-2 at yield point", + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism at room temperature", + "Strain hardening coefficient (n) exceeds 0.5 in the plastic regime" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A mathematical construct used to quantify the elastic strain field around a dislocation. Its components correspond to the principal strains in the distorted lattice region.", + "A vector quantity representing the slip direction in a crystal lattice during plastic deformation. Its magnitude equals the interatomic spacing in the slip direction, and its direction is always parallel to the dislocation line.", + "A physical quantity used to describe the lattice distortion caused by dislocations. The magnitude of this vector represents the strength of the dislocation, indicating the total extent of lattice distortion, while its direction represents the direction of lattice point distortion. Generally, the larger this vector is, the greater the degree of crystal distortion.", + "A topological invariant characterizing the Burgers circuit around a dislocation. Its value depends on the crystal structure type but is independent of the specific dislocation configuration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6x10^-15 cm^2/s at 727C and is 1x10^-9 cm^2/s at 1400C. What is the constant d0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.7x10^-3 cm^2/s", + "1.2x10^-12 cm^2/s", + "0.055 cm^2/s", + "2.4x10^-5 cm^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the interaction between water and clay, what can be formed around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Firmly bound water", + "Diffuse double layer", + "Hydrogen-bonded network", + "Electric double layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vibration frequency of atoms around a vacancy in Cu as 1×10¹³ s⁻¹, ΔEv as 0.15×10⁻¹⁸ J, and exp(ΔSm/k) approximately 1, what is the migration frequency of vacancies at room temperature 27°C (300K)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.207×10⁻² s⁻¹", + "1.104×10¹³ s⁻¹", + "4.414×10⁻² s⁻¹", + "1.104×10⁻² s⁻¹" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system U-W be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements are refractory metals with similar melting points", + "No, due to their significant difference in atomic radii (U: 1.56Å vs W: 1.39Å)", + "Yes, since they share the same crystal structure (BCC) at high temperatures", + "No, because of their large electronegativity difference (U: 1.38 vs W: 2.36)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relative content of each phase when an alloy containing 0.40% C is cooled to room temperature under equilibrium conditions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w_α=92%; w_Fe3C=8%", + "w_α=88%; w_Fe3C=12%", + "w_α=96%; w_Fe3C=4%", + "w_α=94%; w_Fe3C=6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Isotactic polystyrene that has a density of 1.12 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 150,000 g/mol; syndiotactic polystyrene that has a density of 1.10 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight of 125,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Syndiotactic polystyrene due to its higher degree of crystallinity from regular side group arrangement", + "Isotactic polystyrene because of its higher density and molecular weight", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the glass transition temperatures", + "Both have identical melting points as they are chemically identical" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In practical applications, which of the following methods can be used to eliminate age hardening and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Isothermal transformation at the nose of the TTT diagram", + "Cold working followed by recrystallization annealing", + "Reversion treatment at temperatures just below the solvus line", + "Martensitic quenching with subsequent tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of diffusion is the growth of uniform austenite grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "grain boundary diffusion", + "interstitial diffusion", + "self-diffusion", + "vacancy-assisted diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In MgS, the unit cell parameter a=0.5201 nm, and the anions are in contact with each other. What is the radius of S2-?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.184 nm", + "0.177 nm", + "0.260 nm", + "0.368 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Room temperature (25°C)", + "0.4 times the melting point (≈200°C)", + "100°C (212°F)", + "Recrystallization temperature (≈150°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that brass containing ${w_{\\mathrm{Zn}}}=0.30$ requires $^{1\\textrm{h}}$ to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $400^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, and $2\\textrm{h}$ at $390^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the time required to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $420^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.15 h", + "0.26 h", + "0.40 h", + "0.50 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 20°C, the saturated vapor pressure of water is 2338Pa, the density is 998.3 kg/m³, and the surface tension is 0.07275 N/m. What is the saturated vapor pressure of a water droplet with a radius of 10⁻⁹m at 20°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5120Pa", + "2338Pa", + "3502Pa", + "6864Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for bronze (a copper-tin alloy)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primarily covalent bonding with partial ionic character due to electronegativity difference", + "Pure metallic bonding with delocalized electrons", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent bonding with directional character", + "Secondary metallic bonding with primary van der Waals interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "We replace 7.5 atomic percent of the chromium atoms in its BCC crystal with tantalum. X-ray diffraction shows that the lattice parameter is 0.29158nm. The density of the alloy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.265 g/cm³", + "7.892 g/cm³", + "8.419 g/cm³", + "7.314 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What elements is carbon steel mainly composed of?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe, C, and Si", + "Fe, C, and Mn", + "Fe and C", + "Fe, C, Mn, and Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of thermal insulation material is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship applies to nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10nm", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs due to increased dislocation activity at ultra-fine grain sizes", + "Grain boundary sliding becomes the dominant deformation mechanism below 100nm grain size", + "The critical grain size for inverse Hall-Petch behavior is material-independent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 20,000 N will cause a 1 cm × 1 cm bar of magnesium to stretch from 10 cm to 10.045 cm. The modulus of elasticity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.44 × 10^6 psi", + "44.4 GPa", + "3.22 × 10^6 psi (shear modulus)", + "6.44 × 10^4 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes one of the essential reasons for the high hardness of martensite related to its crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal structure creates strong covalent bonds between iron atoms", + "The high carbon content forms interstitial carbides that pin dislocations", + "The tetragonal distortion increases the Peierls stress required for dislocation motion", + "The absence of close-packed planes reduces the number of available slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following groups of elements are commonly used alloying elements that close the γ region?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Silicon, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, phosphorus, vanadium, titanium, and aluminum", + "Nickel, manganese, carbon, nitrogen, copper, and cobalt", + "Zinc, magnesium, lithium, beryllium, and calcium", + "Gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and rhodium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation, assuming the volume free energy change per atom is ΔGB=200ΔT/Tc, in units of J/cm³, the critical transformation temperature Tc=1000K, strain energy ε=4J/cm³, coherent interface energy σ_coherent=4.0×10⁻⁶ J/cm², and incoherent interface energy σ_incoherent=4.0×10⁻⁵ J/cm², calculate the ratio of critical nucleation work ΔG_coherent* to ΔG_incoherent* when ΔT=50°C. The ratio is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.777×10⁻³", + "1.389×10⁻²", + "5.554×10⁻³", + "1.111×10⁻²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the measures to prevent the aging of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing crystallinity by annealing to reduce molecular chain mobility", + "Adding plasticizers to enhance polymer flexibility and prevent brittle fracture", + "Incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets to block UV radiation and oxygen diffusion", + "Using crosslinking agents to create three-dimensional networks that resist chain scission" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a basic condition that must be met for atomic diffusion in solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Presence of a chemical potential gradient", + "Existence of a temperature gradient above the Debye temperature", + "Availability of sufficient activation energy for vacancy formation", + "Presence of a crystallographic orientation mismatch exceeding 15°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In NiO, introducing high-valence W6+, how many vacancies will each W6+ generate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3 O2- vacancies", + "1 Ni2+ vacancy", + "2 Ni2+ vacancies", + "1 O2- vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical ingot structure usually consists of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface fine grain zone", + "Homogeneous dendritic structure throughout", + "Alternating layers of austenite and ferrite", + "Radially aligned columnar crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of diffusion always accompanies the crystallization process of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dissimilar atoms", + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion", + "Self-diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an alloy that has solidified with microscopic non-equilibrium segregation, which of the following measures can be taken to accelerate diffusion and homogenize the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching to room temperature to freeze the microstructure then aging at intermediate temperature", + "Heating to just below the solvus temperature followed by slow cooling to minimize residual stresses", + "Severe plastic deformation at cryogenic temperatures to create excess vacancies", + "Applying high-frequency ultrasonic vibration during isothermal annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the formation process of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite forms through instantaneous polymorphic transformation without nucleation barriers", + "Nucleation occurs preferentially at prior pearlite colony boundaries due to lower interfacial energy", + "Carbon diffusion controls the growth rate while interface mobility determines nucleation sites", + "Spheroidized cementite dissolves before ferrite transforms to reduce overall system energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the number-average relative molecular weight of linear polytetrafluoroethylene is 5×10^5, the C-C bond length is 0.154 nm, and the bond angle θ is 109°, calculate its total chain length L.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "627.869 nm", + "1253.738 nm", + "2507.476 nm", + "835.825 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Potassium iodide (KI) exhibits predominantly ionic bonding. The K+ ion has an electron structure that is identical to which inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "krypton", + "neon", + "argon", + "xenon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Niobium (Nb) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.143nm and an atomic weight of 92.91g/mol. What is the theoretical density for Nb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.14 g/cm³", + "7.82 g/cm³", + "8.48 g/cm³", + "8.57 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Silver plating is required on alumina ceramic parts. It is known that at 1000°C, γ_{Al2O3(s)} = 1.00 mN/m, γ_{Ag(L)} = 0.92 mN/m, and γ_{Ag(L)-Al2O3(s)} = 1.77 mN/m. Can liquid silver wet the surface of alumina ceramic parts? What methods can be used to improve the wettability between them?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the spreading coefficient S = γ_{sv} - γ_{sl} - γ_{lv} is positive. Oxygen plasma treatment can reduce the contact angle.", + "Yes, because γ_{Ag(L)} < γ_{Al2O3(s)}, satisfying the thermodynamic condition for wetting. Adding flux can further enhance wettability.", + "No, because γ_{Ag(L)-Al2O3(s)} > γ_{Al2O3(s)}. Pre-depositing a thin nickel layer can promote silver wetting through interfacial alloying.", + "No, because the contact angle θ = 146.8° > 90° indicates non-wetting. Surface roughening can improve wettability by increasing effective surface area." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For zinc in copper, c0=wZn=0.0001, E=-0.12 eV, the critical temperature for solute segregation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.12 eV/kB", + "298 K", + "151 K", + "-0.12 eV/kB" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the nature of the surface stresses for heating?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Compressive, due to greater thermal expansion at the surface", + "Tensile, as the heated surface layer contracts relative to the bulk", + "Shear-dominant, caused by anisotropic thermal expansion gradients", + "Neutral, as thermal stresses cancel out through thickness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The strong outer sheets of sandwich panels are separated by a layer of material that is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a syntactic foam with controlled porosity distribution", + "a ceramic foam with negative Poisson's ratio", + "a metallic honeycomb structure with anisotropic stiffness", + "a viscoelastic polymer with strain-rate dependent modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of Al3+ replacing Si4+ on the composition of silicates?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The substitution creates excess positive charge, requiring incorporation of anions like F- for charge balance", + "The replacement is isovalent and requires no additional charge compensation", + "The structural units lose electrical neutrality, requiring larger cations like K+ to enter the structure", + "The Al3+ substitution increases the polymerization degree of silicate tetrahedra" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the most densely packed direction in a body-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<111>", + "<100>", + "<110>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two previously undeformed specimens of the same metal are to be plastically deformed by reducing their cross-sectional areas. One has a circular cross section, and the other is rectangular; during deformation the circular cross section is to remain circular, and the rectangular is to remain as such. Their original and deformed dimensions are as follows:\n\n\\begin{tabular}{ccc}\n\\hline & Circular (diameter, \\mathbf{m m} ) & Rectangular (\\mathbf{m m}) \\\\\n\\hline Original dimensions & 15.2 & 125 × 175 \\\\\nDeformed dimensions & 11.4 & 75 × 200 \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\nWhich of these specimens will be the hardest after plastic deformation, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The circular specimen because it undergoes higher cold work (43.8%)", + "The rectangular specimen because it experiences greater dimensional change in one direction", + "Both will have equal hardness since they are the same material", + "The rectangular specimen because its cross-sectional area reduction is larger (48.6%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of alloy is YT30?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy", + "Tungsten carbide-cobalt composite", + "Titanium carbide-nickel cermet", + "Yttria-titanium intermetallic compound" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the primary differences between addition and condensation polymerization techniques?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The degree of polymerization in addition reactions is limited by stoichiometric balance, unlike in condensation polymerization", + "Condensation polymers always contain heteroatoms in the backbone whereas addition polymers are exclusively carbon-based", + "Addition polymerization produces water as a byproduct while condensation polymerization does not generate any small molecules", + "Addition polymerization requires an initiator while condensation polymerization proceeds spontaneously at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.2-mm thick wafer of silicon is treated so that a uniform concentration gradient of antimony is produced. One surface contains 1 Sb atom per 10^8 Si atoms and the other surface contains 500 Sb atoms per 10^8 Si atoms. The lattice parameter for Si is 5.407 A. The concentration gradient in atomic percent Sb per cm is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.01247 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.0499 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.02495 at% Sb/cm", + "-0.00499 at% Sb/cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the carbon content is 0.8% in high-carbon steel with an original grain size of 0.05mm, what is the grain size after holding at 760‰ for 1 hour? Use the formula D^(1/n) - D0^(1/n) = c t, where at 760‰, the constant c is 6×10^(-16), n is 0.1, D and D0 are grain sizes in mm, and t is time in minutes.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0492mm", + "0.0528mm", + "0.0516mm", + "0.0504mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Comparison of mechanical properties, the (1) of polymers is better than that of metal materials.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stiffness", + "Strength", + "Impact strength (toughness)", + "Specific strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are types of cementite that may exist in iron-carbon alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Primary cementite, eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite", + "Primary cementite, proeutectoid cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite", + "Eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite, tertiary cementite", + "Primary cementite, eutectic cementite, secondary cementite, eutectoid cementite, tertiary cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Zinc selenide has a band gap of 2.58 eV. Over what range of wavelengths of visible light is it transparent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.30-0.70 μm (transparent to UV and visible light)", + "0.38-0.48 μm (only transparent to violet/blue light)", + "0.70-0.90 μm (only transparent to near-infrared light)", + "0.48-0.70 μm (transparent to all visible light)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of silicon carbide that is 10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 0.6 cm thick and is resting on two supports 7.5 cm apart. The sample breaks when a deflection of 0.09mm is recorded. The flexural modulus for silicon carbide is 480 GPa. Assuming no plastic deformation occurs, what is the flexural strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "276 MPa", + "552 MPa", + "138 MPa", + "413 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a small bubble with a radius of $10^{-8}\\mathrm{m}$ is generated in water at $100^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and 101325Pa, can this small bubble exist and grow? The density of water at this time is $958\\mathrm{kg}/\\mathrm{m}^{3}$, and the surface tension is $0.0589\\mathrm{N/m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "This small bubble cannot exist", + "The bubble can exist but cannot grow due to surface tension", + "The bubble will grow rapidly due to thermal energy overcoming surface tension", + "The bubble can exist stably at this size due to balanced forces" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a crystal undergoes tensile slip, the slip plane is driven to rotate, attempting to align parallel to the ______, while the slip direction also rotates to coincide with the ______ direction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "direction of the force axis; maximum resolved shear stress", + "direction of maximum normal stress; direction of the force axis", + "direction of minimum shear stress; direction of maximum normal stress", + "direction of maximum shear stress; direction of minimum normal stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the length increases from L to 1.1L, what are the engineering strain εe and true strain εT?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "εe = ΔL/L0; εT = ln(λ)", + "εe = 10%; εT = ln(1.1)", + "εe = 0.1; εT = 0.095", + "εe = 10%; εT = 9.5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly shows the trend in potential changes of clay after adsorbing the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al3+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Directly observing the aluminum sample, the dislocation density within the grains is ρ=5×10^13/m^2. If the angle between subgrains is 5°, estimate the dislocation spacing at the interface (the lattice constant of aluminum a=2.8×10^-10m). The dislocation spacing D is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.56×10^-9m", + "3.14×10^-9m", + "1.12×10^-9m", + "2.28×10^-9m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an aligned fibrous composite, when a stress is applied in a direction that is parallel to the fibers, what is the reinforcement efficiency?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The composite strain matches the matrix plastic deformation onset", + "The critical fiber length is exactly 10 times the fiber diameter", + "The fiber aspect ratio is greater than the stress transfer length ratio", + "The fiber-matrix interface strength exceeds the matrix yield strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If unidirectional continuous fibers are unevenly distributed but all well-aligned in parallel, will it affect the elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, it decreases modulus due to stress concentration effects in sparsely distributed regions", + "No effect, as the average modulus follows the rule of mixtures regardless of local fiber distribution", + "Yes, it increases modulus because densely packed fibers create synergistic reinforcement", + "Only affects transverse modulus but not longitudinal modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cesium chloride (CsCl) has an ordered body-centered cubic structure, which belongs to", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The coordination number of Cs+ is 8, forming a true body-centered cubic lattice", + "The structure is face-centered cubic with 12 nearest neighbors for Cs+", + "It's a simple cubic lattice where each ion has 6 nearest neighbors", + "The structure is hexagonal close-packed with 12 nearest neighbors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy at 726 degrees C, the composition and amount of each microconstituent present are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary γ-Fe: 2.08% C, 94.2%; cementite: 6.67% C, 5.8%", + "primary Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17.2%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 82.8%", + "primary α-Fe: 0.022% C, 85.3%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 14.7%", + "primary Fe3C: 6.67% C, 6.4%; pearlite: 0.77% C, 93.6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A common polymer has C2H2Cl2 as its monomer, with an average molecular weight of 60000u (using the relative atomic masses of the elements as Ar(C)=12, Ar(H)=1, Ar(Cl)=35.5). What is its degree of polymerization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "600", + "620", + "650", + "580" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the tensile strengths and number-average molecular weights for two polymers as follows: Tensile strength (MPa) 37.7 and 131, Number average molecular weight (g/mol) 36800 and 62400. Estimate the tensile strength (in MPa) for a number-average molecular weight of 51500 g/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "112.4 MPa", + "95.2 MPa", + "84.3 MPa", + "68.7 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm, a density of 4.37 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Determine the crystal structure of the metal.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The metal has an FCC crystal structure", + "The metal has a BCC crystal structure", + "The metal has a simple cubic crystal structure", + "The metal has a HCP crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A Gu–30%Zn brass plate is cold rolled by 25%, reducing its thickness to 1 cm. Subsequently, the plate is further reduced to a thickness of 0.6 cm. What is the total cold deformation degree?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "55%", + "40%", + "64%", + "25%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In ionic materials, how does the size of the component ions affect the extent of electronic polarization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The larger the size of the component ions the greater the degree of electronic polarization", + "Smaller ions exhibit greater polarization due to higher charge density", + "Ion size has negligible effect compared to charge asymmetry", + "Polarization is maximized when cation and anion sizes are equal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of potassium, which has the BCC structure and one atom per lattice point, is 0.855 g/cm3. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.09 g/mol. The lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.774 x 10^-8 cm", + "5.3355 x 10^-8 cm", + "5.3355 x 10^-10 m", + "3.774 x 10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phase constituents at room temperature for an alloy with peritectic transformation, where the phase constituents are α + β?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The β phase includes only the products of peritectic reaction", + "The β phase includes only secondary β phases formed during cooling", + "The β phase includes both peritectic reaction products and secondary β phases", + "The β phase includes peritectic reaction products, homogeneous transformation products, and secondary β phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interface energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=2090 J/cm^3 at 900°C, what is the critical nucleus radius?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.39 nm", + "4.78 nm", + "0.239 nm", + "0.478 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum carbon content possible for a plain carbon steel that must have an impact energy of at least 200 J at -50°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.25% C", + "0.11% C", + "0.35% C", + "0.50% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does solute concentration affect the diffusion coefficient in many solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient decreases exponentially with solute concentration due to lattice strain effects", + "The diffusion coefficient increases linearly with solute concentration up to the solubility limit", + "The diffusion coefficient shows a minimum at intermediate concentrations due to competing vacancy mechanisms", + "The diffusion coefficient becomes concentration-independent above 5 at.% solute due to percolation threshold effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method to refine grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing the cooling rate", + "Decreasing the pouring temperature", + "Adding grain refiners (e.g., TiB2)", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the melting point of copper is 1,083℃, what is the estimated minimum recrystallization temperature of copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "542 K", + "813 K", + "298 K", + "1083 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the influencing factors of the glass transition temperature of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallinity percentage is the dominant factor, with glass transition temperature increasing linearly with crystallinity", + "Chain flexibility and intermolecular forces are the primary determinants, with plasticizers having negligible effect below 5% concentration", + "Crosslinking density shows an inverse square relationship with glass transition temperature in all polymer systems", + "Molecular weight has a direct proportionality effect on glass transition temperature above the critical entanglement molecular weight" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Coincidence site lattice的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Coincidence site lattice is formed when two identical lattices are superimposed without any rotation or translation, resulting in perfect atomic registry.", + "Consider two identical and coinciding lattices $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$. After rotating or translating $L_{2}$ relative to $L_{1}$, the lattices formed by the coinciding positions of the two lattices constitute a new periodic superlattice.", + "The coincidence site lattice represents the common periodic structure formed by the intersection of two identical lattices after one undergoes a specific rotation that creates a rational fraction of coinciding sites.", + "Coincidence site lattice is a non-periodic arrangement that occurs when two dissimilar lattices are superimposed at arbitrary angles, creating a quasicrystalline pattern." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The lattice constant of α-Fe is $a=0.28664\\mathrm{nm}.$ When two adjacent grains form a symmetric tilt boundary with a tilt angle of 1°, the spacing $D$ of the edge dislocations is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.183 nm", + "0.28664 nm", + "16.412 nm", + "28.664 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity of PbTe is 500 (Ω·m)^{-1}, whereas the electron and hole mobilities are 0.16 and 0.075 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. What is the intrinsic carrier concentration for PbTe at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.99 × 10^{22} m^{-3}", + "2.66 × 10^{22} m^{-3}", + "6.65 × 10^{21} m^{-3}", + "1.33 × 10^{22} m^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of ordinary ceramics is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding dominates deformation at all nanocrystalline scales", + "Dislocation motion becomes easier when grain size decreases below 1μm", + "Nanocrystalline materials always exhibit higher strength than coarse-grained counterparts", + "The Hall-Petch relationship holds for grain sizes below 100nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a $\\mathtt{C u}{\\sim}30\\%\\mathtt{Z n}$ alloy is $250\\mathrm{kJ/mol}$, and it takes 1 hour for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $400^{\\circ}C$, calculate how many hours it will take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of $390\\mathrm{\\textperthousand}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.000 hours", + "0.510 hours", + "2.450 hours", + "1.962 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At temperatures between 540^{\\circ} C(813 K) and 727^{\\circ} C(1000 K), the activation energy and preexponential for the diffusion coefficient of \\mathrm{Na}^{+}in \\mathrm{NaCl} are 173,000 J/ mol and 4.0 × 10^{-4} m^{2} / s, respectively. Compute the mobility for an \\mathrm{Na}^{+}ion at 600^{\\circ} C(873 K).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.34 × 10^{-13} m^{2}/V-s", + "3.72 × 10^{-12} m^{2}/V-s", + "1.56 × 10^{-14} m^{2}/V-s", + "4.81 × 10^{-11} m^{2}/V-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition of the alloy if eutectoid cementite exists in addition to proeutectoid cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.11 wt% C", + "0.76 wt% C", + "0.83 wt% C", + "1.43 wt% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single crystal diamond along <111> direction", + "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (parallel to basal planes)", + "Silver at 20°C", + "Bulk copper at cryogenic temperatures (20K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy at 728°C, the composition and amount of each phase present is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: 0.0218% C, 43.9% γ: 0.77% C, 56.1%", + "α: 0.35% C, 43.9% γ: 0.77% C, 56.1%", + "α: 0.0218% C, 56.1% γ: 0.77% C, 43.9%", + "α: 0.77% C, 56.1% γ: 0.0218% C, 43.9%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A subgrain boundary is composed of several edge dislocations with a misorientation of 0.057 degrees. Assuming there is no interaction between the dislocations before polygonization, by what factor does the distortion energy change after the formation of the subgrain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.75", + "1.33", + "0.50", + "2.00" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the regular melt α, the total driving force ΔG for the precipitation of β can be approximately expressed as ΔG=RT[x_o ln(x_o/x_e)+(1-x_o)ln((1-x_o)/(1-x_e))]-2Ω(x_o-x_e)^2. Given T=600K, x_o=0.1, x_e=0.02, Ω=0, use this expression to estimate the total driving force for α→α′+β. The estimated total driving force is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "841.6 J/mol", + "210.4 J/mol", + "420.8 J/mol", + "105.2 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A sheet of steel 5.0-mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 900°C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 1.85 × 10^{-10} m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.0 × 10^{-7} kg/m²·s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 2 kg/m³. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 0.5 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.39 mm", + "2.78 mm", + "3.70 mm", + "4.63 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, what is the composition of the first solid to form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8% Sn", + "15% Sn", + "2% Sn", + "19% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a diffusion experiment of a certain crystal, it was found that at 500°C, 1 in 10^10 atoms had sufficient activation energy to jump out of their equilibrium positions and enter interstitial positions; at 600°C, this ratio increased to 10^9. The activation energy required for this jump is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.72×10^(-19) J", + "2.14×10^(-19) J", + "3.62×10^(-19) J", + "4.28×10^(-19) J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a congruent phase transformations there are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No change in crystal structure symmetry", + "Simultaneous change in both composition and crystal structure", + "Only change in composition while maintaining the same crystal structure", + "A discontinuous change in free energy with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are commonly used elements in alloy steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All of the above are commonly used in alloy steel", + "Al, Cu, Zn, and Pb, in addition to Fe and C", + "Ti, W, Co, and Nb, in addition to Fe and C", + "Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, and V, in addition to Fe and C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about zone melting is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In martensitic transformations, the shape change is accommodated purely by elastic deformation with no plastic deformation occurring", + "The Bain strain model can fully explain the observed crystallographic features of martensitic transformations without invoking additional lattice invariant shear", + "Martensitic transformations always result in a single variant of martensite with no retained austenite", + "The interfacial energy between martensite and austenite is the dominant factor controlling the transformation kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the nature of the surface stresses for cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Neutral, balanced by stress relaxation mechanisms", + "Compressive, as the interior resists thermal contraction", + "Shear-dominant, caused by differential contraction rates", + "Tensile, due to greater contraction of the cooler surface layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for zinc?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4°C (39°F)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "0.4 x melting temperature (≈120°C)", + "Recrystallization temperature (≈50°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes phase equilibrium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The system exhibits no net mass transfer between phases, and the entropy production rate is zero.", + "The Gibbs free energy of the system is minimized, and the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout all phases.", + "The composition of each phase remains constant over time, and the system has reached its lowest possible energy state.", + "The chemical potentials of each phase in the system are equal, and the chemical potentials of each component in each phase are equal." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal stretched along the [131] axis, the resolved shear stress on the slip system (111)[0-11] under a tensile stress of 6.9×10^5 Pa is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.12×10^5 Pa", + "3.82×10^5 Pa", + "1.73×10^5 Pa", + "-2.56×10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A factory was conducting solution treatment on the jaw plates of a crusher made of high manganese steel. After heating at 1100°C, the plates were suspended with cold-drawn steel wires and transported by a crane to the quenching water tank. During transportation, the steel wire suddenly broke. This wire was new and had no defects. What is the cause of the steel wire fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal expansion mismatch between the wire and jaw plate caused excessive stress", + "Creep deformation occurred in the wire under constant load at elevated temperature", + "The wire's yield strength decreased below the load stress due to dynamic recrystallization during heating", + "The high manganese steel's phase transformation induced shock waves that fractured the wire" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the valence of I- in CdI2 crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The valence is unsaturated because I- in CdI2 adopts a tetrahedral coordination geometry", + "The valence is saturated because CN(I)=3 and each I- shares 1/3 of its charge with three Cd2+ ions", + "The valence is saturated due to the 8-N rule where I (group VII) forms one bond", + "The valence is unsaturated as the bond valence sum exceeds the formal oxidation state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a powder compact with an average particle size of 5μm, after sintering for 2 hours, the neck growth ratio x/r=0.1. If grain growth is not considered, how much time is required to sinter the compact to a neck growth ratio x/r=0.2 through diffusion mass transport?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8h", + "64h", + "32h", + "16h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the four main mass transfer mechanisms in sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface diffusion; Grain boundary diffusion; Lattice diffusion; Viscous flow", + "Evaporation-condensation; Surface diffusion; Plastic flow; Dislocation climb", + "Evaporation-condensation; Diffusion mass transfer; Flow mass transfer; Dissolution-precipitation", + "Grain boundary sliding; Dislocation motion; Recrystallization; Phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, which of the following phases exist in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α phase only", + "γ phase only", + "α + γ phases", + "δ + γ phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the necessary condition for forming an ordered solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Large atomic size mismatch", + "High quenching temperature", + "Precise stoichiometric ratio", + "Slow cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods to prevent secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "use materials with higher elastic modulus", + "increase cooling rate after sintering", + "control sintering temperature", + "apply external magnetic field during sintering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In indium with a tetragonal structure, the relative atomic mass A_r=114.82, atomic radius r=0.1625 nm, lattice constants a=0.3252 nm, c=0.4946 nm, and density ρ=7.286 g/cm³. What is the packing fraction of In?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.6873", + "0.7231", + "0.6542", + "0.7048" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences in the phase transformation processes among recrystallization, primary recrystallization, and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization involves a phase transformation process, while primary recrystallization and secondary recrystallization do not involve a phase transformation process.", + "Primary recrystallization involves the formation of new strain-free grains, while secondary recrystallization involves abnormal grain growth without phase change.", + "All three processes involve phase transformations, but differ in the driving forces and nucleation mechanisms.", + "Recrystallization and primary recrystallization both involve phase transformations, while secondary recrystallization is purely a grain growth phenomenon." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of ferrous alloys that limits their utilization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lower dislocation mobility than ceramic materials", + "Negative temperature coefficient of resistivity", + "Higher stacking fault energy compared to FCC metals", + "Anomalous Hall effect at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many types of bonds exist between atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3 (ionic, covalent, metallic)", + "4 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen)", + "5 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, van der Waals)", + "6 (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, van der Waals, dipole-dipole)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of a material property?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch coefficient for nanocrystalline copper", + "The stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel", + "The recrystallization temperature of cold-worked aluminum", + "The critical resolved shear stress for magnesium single crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Rubber is an excellent damping material and friction material due to its outstanding", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strain-rate sensitivity exponent (m-value) in superplastic deformation", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient for nanocrystalline materials", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress in bcc metals", + "The stacking fault energy in austenitic stainless steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Hafnium has six naturally occurring isotopes with the following abundances and atomic weights: 0.16% of { }^{174} Hf (173.940 amu), 5.26% of { }^{176} Hf (175.941 amu), 18.60% of { }^{177} Hf (176.943 amu), 27.28% of { }^{178} Hf (177.944 amu), 13.62% of { }^{179} Hf (178.946 amu), and 35.08% of { }^{180} Hf (179.947 amu). What is the average atomic weight of Hf to three decimal places?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "178.492 amu", + "178.485 amu", + "178.478 amu", + "178.501 amu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between slip and twinning?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip preserves crystal orientation whereas twinning creates mirror-image lattice regions", + "Slip involves dislocation motion while twinning requires coordinated atomic shuffling", + "Slip occurs at lower stresses than twinning in all crystalline materials", + "Slip produces macroscopic shape change while twinning only affects microscopic structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Nitrogen (N) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Silicon (Si). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amphoteric (Nitrogen can act as either depending on Fermi level position)", + "Acceptor (Nitrogen's smaller atomic radius creates strain that favors hole formation)", + "Neither (Nitrogen forms a neutral complex with silicon vacancies)", + "Donor (Nitrogen has one more valence electron than Silicon)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The maximum solubility limit of carbon in austenite at the eutectoid temperature", + "The carbon content where cementite first appears during slow cooling of eutectoid steel", + "The solubility limit of carbon in ferrite at room temperature", + "The carbon content where pearlite formation begins during continuous cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The index of refraction of corundum (Al₂O₃) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. The reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.757 and 1.779 in the direction of light propagation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.23 × 10^{-4}", + "3.87 × 10^{-5}", + "2.45 × 10^{-3}", + "4.56 × 10^{-2}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main components of wood?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cellulose and hemicellulose", + "Cellulose and lignin", + "Lignin and pectin", + "Hemicellulose and pectin" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector in diamond cubic silicon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.431 Å", + "3.840 Å", + "2.715 Å", + "1.920 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does metal slip occur on the closest-packed planes and directions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The highest atomic density planes require the least energy for dislocation nucleation", + "The electrostatic repulsion between slip planes is minimized in close-packed directions", + "The Burgers vector length is shortest in close-packed directions, reducing strain energy", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress reaches its minimum value on close-packed planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the thermodynamic conditions of crystallization phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "dG/dT=0 at the equilibrium melting point", + "ΔH<0 at constant pressure, indicating exothermic crystallization", + "ΔS>0 at the melting temperature Tm", + "ΔG<0 with ΔT>0, where ΔT is the undercooling below Tm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 55% \\alpha and 45% \\gamma at 750^{\\circ} C. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.281% C", + "0.68% C", + "0.45% C", + "0.77% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For MgO, Al2O3, and Cr2O3, the radius ratios of cations to anions are 0.47, 0.36, and 0.40, respectively. Is it possible for Al2O3 and Cr2O3 to form continuous solid solutions? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because Al³⁺ and Cr³⁺ have different electronic configurations which prevent complete solubility", + "Yes, because their cation/anion radius ratios differ by less than 15% and they share the same crystal structure", + "Only at high temperatures, as their thermal expansion coefficients differ significantly", + "No, because Cr2O3 has a different coordination number than Al2O3 despite similar structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a critical nucleus in a metal liquid?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A nucleus that has reached the minimum Gibbs free energy required for stable growth in a solidifying alloy", + "The smallest crystalline structure that can form spontaneously in a supercooled liquid without dissolving back", + "In a metal liquid, an embryo with a radius larger than the critical radius rk can stably grow and is called a critical nucleus", + "The first ordered atomic arrangement that appears during liquid-to-solid transformation in metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the three common crystal structures of metals, which structure cannot serve as a space lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Body-centered cubic structure", + "Face-centered cubic structure", + "Hexagonal close-packed structure", + "All three can serve as space lattices" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Conductivity in a metal is almost always reduced by the introduction of defects into the lattice. The factor primarily affected by defects is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density threshold for dynamic recovery in aluminum at 300K", + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip system activation in pure copper", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress required for dislocation motion in tungsten", + "The stacking fault energy value for austenitic stainless steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the general process of spheroidizing annealing in the manufacturing process of round dies made from 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating to 790-810°C followed by isothermal holding at 700-720°C", + "Heating to 850-870°C followed by rapid quenching in oil", + "Heating to 730-750°C with slow cooling at 20°C/hour", + "Cyclic heating between 650-750°C with air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A copper block subjected to large cold deformation has a stored energy of 2×10^5 J·m^-3, and the typical value of high-angle boundary energy is 0.5 J·m^-2. According to the classical homogeneous nucleation theory, what is the critical nucleus size for recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.5×10^-6 m", + "5×10^-7 m", + "1×10^-7 m", + "1×10^-6 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming carbon atoms are all located in the octahedral interstices of γ-Fe, at 1000°C, 1.7 weight percent of carbon atoms are dissolved in γ-Fe. Calculate how many carbon atoms are present in 100 unit cells and determine the proportion of octahedral interstices occupied by carbon atoms (the atomic weight of iron is 55.85, and the atomic weight of carbon is 12.01).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 carbon atoms and 2% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "16 carbon atoms and 4% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "64 carbon atoms and 16% of octahedral interstices occupied", + "32 carbon atoms and 8% of octahedral interstices occupied" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the process of injection molding used to form plastic materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The material is extruded through a die to form continuous profiles before being cut to length", + "The plastic is first vulcanized under high pressure before being injected into the mold", + "A rotating screw both melts and conveys the material forward into the mold cavity", + "The raw materials are impelled by a ram through a heating chamber, and finally into the die cavity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly compares the coherency during the transformations of bainite, pearlite, and martensite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite transformation has no coherency, while bainite and martensite transformations have shear coherency and produce surface relief", + "All three transformations maintain full coherency with the parent phase through invariant plane strain", + "Only martensite maintains coherency via shear deformation, while pearlite and bainite lose coherency through diffusion", + "Bainite transformation is fully coherent like martensite, while pearlite develops partial coherency at colony boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of material transmits light diffusely?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transparent material with surface roughness", + "Translucent material", + "Single crystal with lattice defects", + "Amorphous metal with nanoscale heterogeneity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains why alloying elements improve the tempering stability of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements increase the activation energy required for carbide precipitation by altering the interfacial energy between matrix and precipitates", + "Alloying elements reduce the diffusion coefficient of carbon by increasing lattice distortion energy", + "Non-carbide forming elements delay martensite decomposition by stabilizing ε-carbide through solid solution effects", + "Strong carbide formers preferentially bind carbon atoms, reducing their mobility during tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate density of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy that has a composition of 90 wt% Ti, 6 wt% Al, and 4 wt% V?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.38 g/cm³", + "4.52 g/cm³", + "3.95 g/cm³", + "4.78 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 5-cm diameter sphere solidifies in 1050s. Under the same conditions, what is the solidification time for a 0.3 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm plate, assuming n=2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "126.5s", + "1050s", + "8.82s", + "31.15s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a bcc crystal with a critical resolved shear stress of 60MPa on the (110)[111] slip system, how much stress must be applied in the [001] direction to initiate slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "120 MPa (assuming double the critical resolved shear stress is needed)", + "103.9 MPa (using Schmid factor calculation for [001] direction)", + "Slip cannot be initiated in this direction no matter how much stress is applied", + "60 MPa (assuming isotropic critical resolved shear stress)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An alternating copolymer is known to have a number-average molecular weight of 250,000g / mol and a degree of polymerization of 3420 . If one of the repeat units is styrene, which of the following is the other repeat unit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ethylene", + "Propylene", + "Tetrafluoroethylene", + "Vinyl chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the resistance (shear stress) that dislocation slip needs to overcome is 1.5×10^8 Pa for 30-51=Fe alloy, the shear modulus G for 3% Si-Fe alloy is 3.5×10^11 Pa, and the lattice constant is 0.28 nm. How thick is the low-dislocation-density layer near the surface of the 3% Si-Fe alloy? It is known that iron-silicon alloy has a body-centered cubic structure, and the Burgers vector length is 0.28√3/2 nm = 0.242 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.22×10^-8 m", + "2.44×10^-8 m", + "9.76×10^-8 m", + "4.88×10^-8 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The volume change rate during the γ-Fe→α-Fe transformation (given the lattice constant of γ-Fe α=0.3633nm, and the lattice constant of α-Fe α=0.2892nm) is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.254", + "1.128", + "0.796", + "0.886" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 54.8 MPa √m (50 ksi √m.) is exposed to a stress of 1030 MPa(150,000 psi). Will this specimen experience fracture if the largest surface crack is 0.5mm ( 0.02 in.) long? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.0.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the critical stress intensity factor (1380 MPa) exceeds the applied stress", + "Yes, because the crack length exceeds the critical flaw size for this stress level", + "No, because the alloy's yield strength (1450 MPa) prevents crack propagation", + "Yes, because the stress intensity factor (40.9 MPa√m) exceeds the fracture toughness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructure transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 400-600°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite decomposition into ferrite and nanosized carbide precipitates", + "Formation of bainite with retained austenite decomposition", + "Complete transformation to pearlite with spheroidized cementite", + "Cementite aggregation and growth, and recovery and recrystallization of α phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The active layer and passive layer of a thermostatic bimetal strip are respectively", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite and retained austenite", + "Pearlite and ferrite", + "Bainite and cementite", + "Austenite and martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As temperature increases, the electrical conductivities of polymers and ionic ceramics", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase for ionic ceramics but decrease for conductive polymers", + "Decrease for both material types", + "Increase for both material types", + "Decrease for ionic ceramics but increase for conductive polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocations that can undergo cross-slip must be ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge dislocation with high Peierls stress", + "Screw dislocation in FCC crystals", + "Mixed dislocation with 60° character", + "Screw dislocation in BCC crystals at 0.6Tm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 1.74 g/cm3. If the c/a ratio is 1.624, what are the values of c and a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a = 0.318 nm, c = 0.517 nm", + "a = 0.319 nm, c = 0.518 nm", + "a = 0.321 Å, c = 0.521 Å", + "a = 0.321 nm, c = 0.521 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists includes all the common phase structures in solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "single crystal, polycrystal, amorphous, and quasicrystal", + "solid solution (element), compound, ceramic crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and molecular phase", + "ionic, covalent, metallic, and molecular bonding types", + "BCC, FCC, HCP, and simple cubic crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists all the crystal planes included in the {110} crystal plane family in the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110)(101)(011)", + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)(111)(111)", + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)", + "(110)(101)(011)(110)(101)(011)(100)(010)(001)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a unit dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A perfect dislocation that can dissociate into partial dislocations", + "A dislocation with the smallest possible Burgers vector magnitude in a crystal", + "A dislocation that conserves the total number of atomic planes", + "A dislocation whose Burgers vector equals a lattice vector" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion data of hydrogen in face-centered cubic iron as D_Ni = 0.0063 exp(-10300 × 4.18 / RT) cm²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1000°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.1×10^-6 cm²/s", + "1.2×10^-4 cm²/s", + "6.3×10^-3 cm²/s", + "3.6×10^-5 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is no free electron generated by the electron excitation involving an acceptor impurity atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The impurity level acts as a recombination center for electrons and holes", + "The energy required exceeds the band gap, preventing transition to conduction band", + "Acceptor impurities create holes rather than free electrons in the valence band", + "The excited electron remains bound to the acceptor ion, forming a localized state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When water-based substances melt into a liquid state, their volume undergoes the phenomenon of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The volume increases due to hydrogen bond breaking", + "The volume decreases as molecules pack more efficiently", + "The volume remains constant due to incompressibility of liquids", + "The volume change depends on the specific water-based substance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does pure metal grow in a planar manner during solidification under a positive temperature gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The positive temperature gradient creates a thermodynamic barrier to dendritic formation", + "Surface tension forces dominate at the atomic scale to maintain planar growth", + "The protrusion into superheated liquid experiences higher melting rate due to thermal conductivity differences", + "Latent heat release automatically stabilizes the solid-liquid interface geometry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Mg-Cd be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only at high temperatures where entropy dominates", + "No, because Mg has significantly higher electronegativity than Cd", + "Yes, due to nearly identical atomic radii and crystal structures", + "No, due to their different positions in the periodic table" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for steady-state diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The chemical potential gradient", + "The concentration gradient", + "The temperature gradient", + "The stress gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of a sample of HCP beryllium is 1.844 g/cm³ and the lattice parameters are a₀=0.22858 nm and c₀=0.35842 nm. The fraction of the lattice points that contain vacancies is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0004", + "0.0024", + "0.0016", + "0.0008" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α and Liquid +α", + "Liquid and Liquid +α", + "α and α+β", + "Liquid +α and α+β" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the second stage involved in the formation of particles of a new phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Growth - the increase in size of the new phase particles", + "Nucleation - the formation of stable clusters of the new phase", + "Coarsening - the competitive growth where larger particles grow at the expense of smaller ones", + "Diffusion - the atomic transport process enabling phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the CsCl crystal structure (assuming ions are in contact along the body diagonal)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.740", + "0.685", + "0.524", + "0.680" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a single crystal aluminum rod with a diameter of $5mm$ starts to slip when a tensile force of 40N is applied along the rod axis [123], what is the critical resolved shear stress of aluminum during slipping?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.56MPa", + "1.23MPa", + "2.04MPa", + "0.95MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cannot be determined without molecular weight data", + "Random poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymer", + "Both have identical thermal conductivity", + "Alternating poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the adverse effects of texture on metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture decreases corrosion resistance by exposing more active crystallographic planes", + "Texture increases thermal conductivity anisotropy by aligning phonon transport paths", + "Texture causes hydrogen embrittlement by creating high-energy grain boundaries", + "Texture reduces dislocation mobility by creating preferential slip planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the diamond structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.74", + "0.52", + "0.68", + "0.34" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For pre-annealed metallic polycrystals, in the uniform plastic deformation stage of the true stress-strain curve, the relationship between σ_T and ε_T is given by σ_T=Kε_T^n, where K is the strength coefficient and n is the strain hardening exponent. If there are two metals A and B with roughly equal K values, and n_A=0.5, n_B=0.2, which one has a higher dislocation density at the same plastic strain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metal A due to its higher strain hardening exponent", + "Metal B because lower n indicates more dislocations accumulate per strain", + "Both have equal dislocation density since K values are similar", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the initial dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What would be the result if carburizing of steel parts is not conducted in the γ phase region?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite formation would occur spontaneously even without subsequent quenching", + "Surface decarburization would occur instead of carburization due to reverse carbon diffusion", + "Carbon solubility limit would be exceeded, causing graphite precipitation throughout the material", + "Carburizing would proceed normally but at a slower rate due to reduced diffusion coefficients" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fick's first law describes the characteristics of steady-state diffusion, where the concentration does not vary with ( ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion", + "The pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation", + "The stacking fault energy of the material", + "The Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the use of tin-based and lead-based babbitt alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tin-based alloys contain antimony which forms hard cuboids that improve wear resistance at all speeds", + "Lead-based alloys are preferred for high-load applications because of their superior hardness", + "Tin-based alloys exhibit better fatigue resistance at high speeds due to their higher thermal conductivity", + "Lead-based alloys should never be used in marine environments due to rapid galvanic corrosion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary phase diagram, the eutectic point is (6) phase equilibrium, and the degree of freedom is (7).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "four; 0", + "three; 1", + "two; 2", + "three; 0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes stored energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A small portion of the energy consumed during cold deformation exists within the deformed crystal in the form of elastic strain energy and structural defect energy", + "The total potential energy difference between the deformed and annealed states of a material", + "The energy required to initiate recrystallization in a cold-worked metal", + "The excess free energy stored primarily as vacancies and dislocations after plastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do the diffusion activation energies of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen in body-centered cubic iron differ (84 kJ/mol, 75 kJ/mol, and 13 kJ/mol, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The octahedral site preference energy decreases from carbon to hydrogen in BCC lattices", + "The electronegativity differences with iron decrease from carbon to hydrogen, reducing bonding strength", + "The mass difference causes quantum tunneling effects to dominate for hydrogen diffusion", + "The atomic radii decrease from carbon to hydrogen, allowing easier diffusion through BCC iron's interstitial sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of covalent bonds that must be broken?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.166 × 10^-12", + "5.83 × 10^-15", + "2.332 × 10^-14", + "1.166 × 10^-14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the average spacing λ of Fe3C particles, given the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume N_v=1.43×10^13 1/m^3.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "28.6 μm", + "41.2 μm", + "51.8 μm", + "64.3 μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide (solute) form a substitutional solid solution. Which of the following is the correct defect equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al2O3→MgO AlMg· + VMg'' + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VO·· + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VMg'' + 3OOc", + "Al2O3→MgO 2AlMg· + VAl''' + 3OOc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After the interaction between water and clay, what can be found around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Free water", + "Bound water with reduced mobility", + "Double layer of counterions", + "Hydrated silicate layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical rod of copper (E=110g P a, 16 × 10^{6} psi) having a yield strength of 240 MPa(35,000 psi) is to be subjected to a load of 6660N(1500 lb p). If the length of the rod is 380 mm(15.0 in.), what must be the diameter to allow an elongation of 0.50 mm(0.020 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.22 mm (0.24 in)", + "5.41 mm (0.21 in)", + "9.87 mm (0.39 in)", + "7.65 mm (0.30 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What point defects are possible for Al2O3 as an impurity in MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mg2+ vacancies and O2- interstitials", + "Al3+ substitutions and Mg2+ interstitials", + "Al3+ substitutions and O2- vacancies", + "Mg2+ vacancies and Al3+ interstitials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the Burgers vector b of α-Fe, given the lattice constant of α-Fe a=0.28nm:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.14nm", + "0.28nm", + "0.20nm", + "0.25nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An organic compound has the composition w_C=62.1%, w_H=10.3%, w_O=27.6%. What is the possible name of the compound?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CH₃COCH₃ (acetone)", + "C₂H₅OH (ethanol)", + "CH₃COOH (acetic acid)", + "C₃H₈O (propanol)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the types of reinforcing materials, composites can be classified into which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fiber-reinforced, particle-reinforced, and structural composites", + "Continuous fiber, discontinuous fiber, and nano-reinforced composites", + "Fiber-reinforced, particle-reinforced, and laminated composites", + "Metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix composites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of some metal having a rectangular cross section 11.2mm × 12.4mm is pulled in tension with a force of 31200N, which produces only elastic deformation. Given that the elastic modulus of this metal is 63 GPa, the resulting strain is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.46 × 10^{-3}", + "3.58 × 10^{-3}", + "2.92 × 10^{-3}", + "5.84 × 10^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Nickel is alloyed with Th having ${\\boldsymbol{w}}_{\\mathrm{Th}}$ of 0.01 to form an alloy, which is then made into powder, pressed into the desired shape, and sintered into the final product, during which Th is completely oxidized. Calculate the volume fraction of $\\mathrm{ThO}_{2}$ produced in this Th-Ni material. Given the density of $\\mathrm{ThO}_{2}$ is $9.86~\\mathrm{g/cm^{3}}$, Ni is $8.98~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}$, and Th is $11.72~\\mathrm{g/cm}^{3}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0107", + "0.0096", + "0.0084", + "0.0072" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the nucleation rate during the crystallization of actual metals as undercooling increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increases, but due to the limited undercooling capacity of metals, it does not exceed a certain maximum value", + "increases exponentially without limit as undercooling increases", + "first increases then decreases, forming a bell-shaped curve with undercooling", + "remains constant until reaching a critical undercooling point, then drops sharply" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why must rivets of a 2017 aluminum alloy be refrigerated before they are used?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To reduce thermal expansion during installation for better dimensional accuracy", + "To prevent premature precipitation hardening that would make them too brittle for riveting", + "To maintain the metastable supersaturated solid solution state until forming is complete", + "To slow down the diffusion of copper atoms and preserve workability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the Burgers vector of a pure edge dislocation and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation line motion", + "The Burgers vector is parallel to the direction of dislocation line motion", + "The Burgers vector forms a 45° angle with the direction of dislocation line motion", + "There is no consistent relationship between Burgers vector and dislocation motion direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Both MgO (NaCl-type structure) and Li2O (anti-fluorite-type structure) are based on the cubic close packing of oxygen, and the cations are in the gaps of this arrangement. Why are Frenkel-type point defects the main defects in Li2O?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The anti-fluorite structure inherently creates more cation vacancies than anion vacancies", + "Li occupies octahedral voids which are larger, facilitating ion movement to interstitial sites", + "Li's small ionic radius allows easy diffusion through the oxygen sublattice", + "The high polarizability of oxygen ions in Li2O promotes cation displacement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the condition during the solidification of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the phase interface, the chemical potentials of components A and B in the liquid and solid phases are equal", + "The solidification rate determines the equality of chemical potentials at the interface", + "Chemical potentials equalize only when the alloy reaches eutectic composition", + "The equality of chemical potentials is maintained throughout the entire solidification process" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the number of atoms per cubic meter in chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.19 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3", + "6.02 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3", + "1.18 × 10^{29} atoms/m^3", + "8.33 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The number-average molecular weight of a polypropylene is 1,000,000g / mol. What is the degree of polymerization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "35700", + "47600", + "11900", + "23760" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the difference in properties between the diffusing element and the solvent metal affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smaller the difference in properties, the larger the diffusion coefficient", + "The greater the difference in properties, the larger the diffusion coefficient", + "Only the atomic radius difference affects the diffusion coefficient", + "Property differences have no effect when temperature exceeds the melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the hardenability of steel refer to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The resistance of steel to deformation under applied stress", + "The maximum hardness achievable in steel through heat treatment", + "The ability of steel to obtain martensite during quenching", + "The depth to which steel can be hardened by rapid cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 550°C (823K), the enrichment rate of sulfur at the grain boundaries of γ-Fe is 15700. The bonding energy between sulfur atoms and iron is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "157 kJ/mol and 1.63 eV", + "66.1 kJ/mol and 0.68 eV", + "82.3 kJ/mol and 0.85 eV", + "45.7 kJ/mol and 0.47 eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the actual packing density of α-Fe (given that for every 200 iron atoms there is 1 H atom, rFe=0.1241nm, rH=0.036nm, a=0.286nm):", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.7231", + "0.6845", + "0.6982", + "0.7124" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does W18Cr4V steel need to undergo three tempering cycles at 560°C after quenching?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To reduce the martensite content and increase ductility through recrystallization", + "To achieve a balance between hardness and toughness by controlling carbide precipitation", + "To prevent temper brittleness by maintaining the temperature below 400°C", + "To fully eliminate retained austenite through multiple phase transformations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a copper single crystal is stretched with the force axis in the [001] direction and a critical resolved shear stress of 0.64 MPa, what tensile stress is required to initiate slip in the crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.64 MPa", + "1.57 MPa", + "1.11 MPa", + "2.22 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 15h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.35 wt% at a point 2.0mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.0-mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45 h", + "135 h", + "5 h", + "405 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of ZrO2 that is 8 in. long, 0.50 in. wide, and 0.25 in. thick and is resting on two supports 4 in. apart. When a force of 400 lb is applied, the specimen deflects 0.037 in. and breaks. The flexural strength is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "153,600 psi", + "38,400 psi", + "76,800 psi", + "19,200 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A piece of corroded steel plate was found in a submerged ocean vessel. It was estimated that the original area of the plate was 10 in^{2} and that approximately 2.6kg had corroded away during the submersion. Assuming a corrosion penetration rate of 200 mpy for this alloy in seawater, estimate the time of submersion in years. The density of steel is 7.9g/cm^{3}. The time of submersion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20 yr", + "5 yr", + "10 yr", + "15 yr" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The minimum recrystallization temperature of iron is estimated to be:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Iron's Curie temperature (1043 K)", + "0.4 × melting point (615 K)", + "0.6 × melting point (923 K)", + "723 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following three substances, which one is most likely to form glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2O·2SiO2 (soda-lime silicate composition)", + "Na2O·SiO2 (higher modifier content)", + "NaCl (ionic crystal with simple cubic structure)", + "SiO2 (pure silica with high melting point)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From a macroscopic perspective, which of the following correctly describes the interface structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The straight interface is thermodynamically stable due to minimized surface energy", + "Zigzag interfaces indicate higher atomic mobility at the solidification front", + "The straight one is called a rough interface structure; the zigzag one is called a smooth interface structure", + "Interface morphology is primarily determined by the cooling rate rather than atomic attachment kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In terms of lattice constant, what is the atomic diameter in a BCC crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a/2", + "(√3/2)a", + "a/√2", + "(√3/4)a" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between slip and twinning in terms of deformation continuity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs through discrete atomic plane shifts, while twinning involves continuous lattice rotation", + "Slip preserves crystal orientation, whereas twinning changes the orientation of the deformed region", + "Slip can proceed continuously while twinning cannot proceed continuously", + "Both slip and twinning are continuous processes but operate on different crystallographic systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The intercepts of a crystal plane on the x, y, and z axes are a/3, b/2, and c, respectively. The Miller indices of this crystal plane are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(321)", + "(236)", + "(123)", + "(632)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity corresponding to the glass transition temperature Tg is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal lattice", + "The yield strength of fully annealed copper single crystal", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for edge dislocations in bcc iron", + "The critical resolved shear stress for dislocation motion in pure aluminum at room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the surface tension is 0.9 J/m², what is the additional pressure for curved surfaces with radii of curvature of 0.5 μm and 5 μm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.0×10^5 Pa", + "3.6×10^3 Pa", + "1.8×10^6 Pa", + "1.98×10^6 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that pure titanium at 900°C is β-Ti (bcc structure) with a lattice constant a=0.3307nm. The interplanar spacing of the (112) plane is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.191 nm", + "0.135 nm", + "0.330 nm", + "0.165 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following electrical characteristics for both intrinsic and p-type extrinsic indium phosphide ( \\mathrm{InP} ) at room temperature, calculate the electron and hole mobilities:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "μₑ = 0.02 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.50 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.50 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.02 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 1.25 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.05 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.05 m²/V·s, μₕ = 1.25 m²/V·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Linear polyethylene that has a degree of polymerization of 5,000; linear and isotactic polypropylene that has a degree of polymerization of 6,500", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polyethylene has higher Tm because its simpler structure allows for better chain packing", + "Polypropylene has higher Tm due to its bulky phenyl side group and higher degree of polymerization", + "Both polymers have similar Tm since their degrees of polymerization are both above the critical entanglement length", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact tacticity distribution of the polypropylene" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the maximum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 85 vol % titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a cobalt matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 69 W/m-K for TiC and Co, respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27.0 W/m-K", + "58.2 W/m-K", + "33.3 W/m-K", + "42.7 W/m-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron containing 0.05 % C is heated to 912 degrees C in an atmosphere that produces 1.20 % C at the surface and is held for 24 h. The carbon content at 0.05 cm beneath the surface if the iron is FCC is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.05 % C", + "1.12 % C", + "0.72 % C", + "0.95 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for brass (a copper-zinc alloy)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonding with partial covalent character", + "Pure metallic bonding", + "Ionic bonding between Cu+ and Zn2+ ions", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent bonding with electron localization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When an aluminum (Al) single crystal is stretched along the [123] direction to induce plastic deformation, what is the rotation law and rotation axis of the crystal during double slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The crystal rotates toward [101] with axis [¯1¯1¯1], and toward [011] with axis [111], resulting in zero net rotation", + "The crystal rotates toward [112] with axis [1¯10], following Schmid's law for single slip systems", + "The crystal maintains fixed orientation while elongating, with rotation axis parallel to [123]", + "The crystal rotates toward [111] with axis [1¯10], as this is the closest <110> direction to the tensile axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Pure zirconium requires 40 h and 1 h of isothermal annealing at 553°C and 627°C respectively to complete recrystallization. The recrystallization activation energy of this material is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.12×10^5 J/mol", + "2.45×10^5 J/mol", + "1.86×10^5 J/mol", + "3.08×10^5 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the origin and morphological characteristics of Fe3C eutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe3C forms as discrete particles uniformly distributed in the ferrite phase during eutectic reaction.", + "The cementite in the eutectic product ledeburite, which generally exists as the matrix.", + "The eutectic Fe3C primarily nucleates at grain boundaries and grows as dendritic structures.", + "Fe3C in eutectic structures appears as continuous thin films separating austenite phases." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On the curve of glass properties changing with temperature, what is the second characteristic temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tg (glass transition temperature)", + "Tr (softening temperature)", + "Td (deformation temperature)", + "Tm (melting temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density of the (111) plane in a face-centered cubic crystal, given the atomic radius r=(√2/4)a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.78", + "0.90", + "1.15", + "0.58" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are disadvantages of hot working?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Poor surface finish and inability to achieve uniform mechanical properties", + "Increased grain growth and reduced yield strength due to recrystallization", + "Higher energy consumption compared to cold working processes", + "Limited dimensional accuracy caused by thermal contraction during cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following pairs of dislocations is equivalent to a row of vacancies (or a row of interstitial atoms)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A screw dislocation and an edge dislocation with opposite Burgers vectors", + "Two edge dislocations with parallel half-planes but opposite Burgers vectors", + "Two screw dislocations with antiparallel Burgers vectors", + "A positive and negative edge dislocation with collinear half-planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The bonding forces between adhesive and adherend surfaces are thought to be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent", + "Electrostatic", + "Van der Waals", + "Mechanical interlocking" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Below the critical temperature Tc, superconductors possess complete which property?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Magnetic susceptibility", + "Electrical conductivity", + "Thermal conductivity", + "Mechanical ductility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can be used to identify silica gel experimentally?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the elastic modulus using nanoindentation", + "Observe the color change under UV light", + "Analyze the thermal conductivity with laser flash method", + "Determine the magnetic susceptibility with SQUID magnetometry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares white and nodular cast irons with respect to microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "White iron--Cementite forms continuous network; Nodular iron--Graphite spheroids in austenitic matrix", + "White iron--Pearlite matrix with dispersed graphite; Nodular iron--Graphite flakes in ferritic matrix", + "White iron--There are regions of cementite interspersed within pearlite; Nodular cast iron--Nodules of graphite are embedded in a ferrite or pearlite matrix", + "White iron--Martensitic structure with retained austenite; Nodular iron--Bainitic matrix with spheroidal cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a Schottky defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defect: A pair of cation and anion vacancies that maintains charge neutrality in ionic crystals, without any atoms migrating to the surface.", + "Schottky defect: When the lattice undergoes thermal vibration, some atoms with sufficient energy leave their equilibrium positions, migrate to the surface of the crystal, and leave vacancies at the original normal lattice sites.", + "Schottky defect: A vacancy-interstitial pair formed when an atom moves from its lattice site to an interstitial position within the crystal.", + "Schottky defect: A localized lattice distortion caused by substitutional impurity atoms with different atomic radii." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In stable ZrO2 material, cations form an fcc structure, and anions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. If 20 mol% CaO is added, how many anions are needed for 100 cations to maintain electrical neutrality?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "160", + "200", + "180", + "190" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the (100) interplanar spacing of a face-centered cubic metal? (a is the lattice constant)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "d=a", + "d=a/√2", + "d=a/√3", + "d=a/2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound FexO, Fe3+/Fe2+=0.1. What is the vacancy concentration in the non-stoichiometric compound FexO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.1%", + "4.8%", + "1.1%", + "2.2%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, which of the following is the correct defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO + O0 → CaTh'' + V0'' + 1/2 O2(g)", + "CaO + ThTh → CaTh' + O0 + ThO2", + "CaO + V0 → CaTh'' + O0", + "CaO → CaTh'' + O0 + V0''" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is Cr12MoV steel not stainless steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high carbon content prevents chromium from forming a protective oxide layer", + "Molybdenum and vanadium additions disrupt the passive film formation", + "The chromium content is below the critical 13% threshold required for passivation", + "Its primary application as tool steel doesn't require corrosion resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies and corrects the error in the concept: Measuring the maximum undercooling during the crystallization of a pure metal casting, where the measured value is basically consistent with the calculated value using the formula ΔT=0.2Tm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the effective undercooling during homogeneous nucleation of a pure metal", + "Use ΔT=0.18Tm for alloy systems instead of pure metals", + "Account for the latent heat release during recalescence phase", + "Consider the cooling rate dependence of undercooling in thin-film samples" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the types of small-angle grain boundaries classified according to their characteristics?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twist and tilt", + "Tilt and mixed", + "Twist, tilt, and mixed", + "Twist, tilt, and coincidence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite is to be produced consisting of 30 vol% aramid fibers and 70 vol% of a polycarbonate matrix; mechanical characteristics of these two materials are as follows: Modulus of Elasticity for Aramid fiber is 131 GPa (19x10^6 psi) and Tensile Strength is 3600 MPa (520,000 psi); Modulus of Elasticity for Polycarbonate is 2.4 GPa (3.5x10^5 psi) and Tensile Strength is 65 MPa (9425 psi). Also, the stress on the polycarbonate matrix when the aramid fibers fail is 45 MPa (6500 psi). For this composite, what is the longitudinal tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "45 MPa (6500 psi)", + "1085 MPa (157,000 psi)", + "3600 MPa (520,000 psi)", + "1100 MPa (160,000 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are ways to improve the strength of metal materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding at elevated temperatures", + "Introducing coherent precipitates with lattice mismatch < 5%", + "Increasing dislocation density through cold working", + "Applying surface coatings with higher hardness than the substrate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949 nm and contains one vacancy per 500 Pb atoms. The density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "11.512 g/cm³", + "11.415 g/cm³", + "11.286 g/cm³", + "11.335 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the growth mode of crystals related to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interface structure", + "Bulk modulus", + "Surface energy anisotropy", + "Lattice vibration frequency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a composite material, how does the ductility of the matrix phase normally compare with the ductility of the dispersed phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dispersed phase exhibits greater elastic recovery upon unloading", + "The matrix phase has higher strain hardening exponent (n-value)", + "The matrix shows higher dislocation density under equivalent strain", + "The dispersed phase has lower activation energy for cross-slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124nm, and an atomic weight of 55.85g/mol. What is the theoretical density of iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.57 g/cm³", + "7.90 g/cm³", + "7.87 g/cm³", + "8.90 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in deformation mode between slip and twinning, the two mechanisms of metal plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs through dislocation motion while twinning involves coordinated atomic shuffling without dislocations", + "Both mechanisms involve dislocation motion but twinning requires specific crystallographic orientations", + "Slip preserves the crystal structure while twinning creates a mirror-image lattice orientation", + "Twinning requires higher stress than slip because it involves breaking more atomic bonds simultaneously" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical specimen of some hypothetical metal alloy that has a diameter of 10.0 mm(0.39 in.). A tensile force of 1500N(340 lb) produces an elastic reduction in diameter of 6.7 × 10^{-4} mm(2.64 × 10^{-5} in.). Compute the elastic modulus of this alloy, given that Poisson's ratio is 0.35. The elastic modulus is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "150 GPa (incorrectly using diameter change as strain)", + "70 GPa (using shear modulus formula with Poisson's ratio)", + "210 GPa (assuming steel-like behavior without calculation)", + "100 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the height of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 4 in. × 10 in. × 20 in. casting if the H / D of the riser is 1.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "h ≥ 15 in.", + "h ≥ 6.67 in.", + "h ≥ 10 in.", + "h ≥ 8.94 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for boron carbide (B4C) having 5 vol% porosity is 290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi). What is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "320 GPa (46.3 x 10^6 psi)", + "304 GPa (44.1 x 10^6 psi)", + "290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi)", + "275 GPa (40 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 20°C and holding, which of the following indicates its phases and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "M+B (w_C=0.8% in M, B)", + "M+A′ (w_C=0.77% in M, A′)", + "M+P (w_C=0.77% in M, P)", + "M (w_C=0.8% in M)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for tungsten?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic", + "Covalent with partial ionic character", + "Van der Waals with metallic resonance", + "Hybrid metallic-covalent with d-orbital overlap" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At a temperature of 1223K, the diffusion coefficient of interstitial atoms in a face-centered cubic metal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.34×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "2.17×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "8.68×10⁻⁸m²/s", + "1.73×10⁻⁷m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In homogeneous nucleation, assuming the nucleus shape is a cube with side length a, given σ and ΔGv, the critical nucleation work is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32σ³/ΔGv²", + "16σ³/ΔGv²", + "24σ²/ΔGv", + "8σ³/ΔGv²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ${\\bf R O}\\mathrm{-SiO}{2}$ system, the order of the size of the immiscibility regions for: (1) $\\mathbf{Mg0-SiO}{2}$; (2) $\\mathbf{CaO}\\mathbf{-SiO}{2}$; (3) $\\mathbf{SrO}\\mathbf{-SiO}{2}$; (4) BaO$\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The immiscibility region shows no systematic trend with cation size as it depends primarily on temperature", + "The immiscibility region size increases with cation size because larger cations promote phase separation", + "The immiscibility region size decreases with increasing cation size due to decreasing field strength", + "The immiscibility region size first increases then decreases with cation size due to competing effects of polarizability and field strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are medium carbon (alloy) steels mostly used to manufacture gearbox gears for machine tools?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lower carbon content prevents brittle fracture while maintaining sufficient hardness through alloying elements like chromium.", + "Their working conditions are much better than those of automobiles, requiring certain toughness in the core and higher hardness on the surface.", + "Medium carbon steels provide the optimal balance between thermal conductivity and wear resistance for gear applications.", + "The specific heat capacity of medium carbon steels matches the thermal cycling requirements of machine tool gearboxes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 550°C, an aluminum-copper alloy solid solution with composition x_Cu=0.02 is quenched and then reheated to 100°C to precipitate θ phase (CuAl2). The θ phase forms many small particles dispersed in the alloy with an average particle spacing of 5.0 nm. Approximately how many particles are formed in 1 mm³ of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4×10^16 particles/mm³", + "2×10^18 particles/mm³", + "1.6×10^14 particles/mm³", + "8×10^15 particles/mm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a niobium-vanadium alloy that contains 24 wt% Nb and 76 wt% V, with the densities of pure niobium and vanadium being 8.57 and 6.10 g/cm^3 respectively, the number of niobium atoms per cubic centimeter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.54 × 10^{21} atoms/cm^3", + "1.24 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3", + "8.76 × 10^{21} atoms/cm^3", + "1.02 × 10^{22} atoms/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes co-condensation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A special case of phase separation where polymer chains condense into coacervate droplets", + "The simultaneous evaporation and condensation of solvent molecules during polymer synthesis", + "A polymerization process where two different monomers simultaneously undergo condensation reactions to form a copolymer", + "The co-deposition of vaporized materials in thin film fabrication processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the close-packed directions of an ideal hexagonal close-packed crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(11-20)", + "[0001]", + "(1-100)", + "<11-20>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If tension is applied along the [110] direction of an FCC crystal, which of the following is the correct set of possible activated slip systems?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110], (111)[101]", + "(111)[110], (111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[101]", + "(111)[110], (111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110]", + "(111)[101], (111)[011], (111)[110], (111)[011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the volume of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.37 in^3", + "6.00 in^3", + "8.95 in^3", + "12.57 in^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay slurry (mainly composed of kaolinite mineral), what are the differences in the casting rate of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2CO3 increases casting rate more than Na2SiO3 due to stronger ionic dissociation", + "Both electrolytes decrease casting rate by compressing the double layer", + "Na2SiO3 increases casting rate while Na2CO3 has negligible effect", + "Both electrolytes increase casting rate equally by neutralizing surface charges" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase transition involving simultaneous nucleation of two distinct crystalline structures", + "A reversible solid-state transformation with hysteresis behavior", + "A diffusionless transformation with invariant plane strain characteristics", + "A displacive transformation accompanied by composition partitioning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The percentage of ionic character in the bonding between In and Sb can be approximately expressed by the following formula: IC(%)=[1-e^(-0.25(x_A-x_B)^2)]×100, where x_A and x_B are the electronegativity values of elements A and B, respectively. Given that the electronegativities of In and Sb are 1.7 and 1.9, respectively, the IC(%) for InSb is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.0%", + "4.0%", + "0.1%", + "1.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Kaolinite belongs to the silicate of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials (d < 10nm)", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs due to grain boundary sliding dominating deformation in ultrafine-grained materials", + "Grain boundary strengthening follows a d^(-1/2) relationship where d is the average grain diameter", + "The critical grain size for transition to inverse Hall-Petch behavior is material-independent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A bubble with a radius of $5\\times10^{-8}\\mathrm{m}$ forms at a depth of $20\\mathrm{cm}$ in a quartz glass melt. The melt density is $2200\\mathrm{kg/m}^{3}$, the surface tension is $0.29\\mathrm{N/m}$, and the atmospheric pressure is $1.01\\times10^{5}\\mathrm{Pa}$. What is the minimum internal pressure required to form this bubble?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "220.8 × 10^5 Pa", + "1.17 × 10^5 Pa", + "29.4 × 10^5 Pa", + "117.04 × 10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 700°C (973K), the enrichment rate of sulfur at the grain boundaries of iron is 7170. The bonding energy between sulfur atoms and iron is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "35.9 kJ/mol and 0.37 eV", + "71.8 kJ/mol and 0.74 eV", + "143.6 kJ/mol and 1.48 eV", + "179.5 kJ/mol and 1.86 eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic insulator contains $1\\%$ (by volume) of pores after sintering, with the pores being cubes of side length $13.7\\mathrm{mm}$. If during the manufacturing process, the powder can be pressed to contain $24\\%$ pores, what should the size of the mold be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15.0 mm", + "13.7 mm", + "17.2 mm", + "12.5 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation nucleation, when the nucleus morphology is disk-shaped, it has the minimum what energy and the maximum what?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "minimum surface energy and maximum elastic energy", + "minimum strain energy and maximum interface energy", + "minimum interfacial energy and maximum strain energy", + "minimum total free energy and maximum chemical driving force" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the basic condition expressed by the first law of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ΔG=0", + "J=-D(dc/dx)", + "∂c/∂t=D(∂²c/∂x²)", + "dc/dt=0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can aluminum alloys be strengthened through martensitic transformation like steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, due to insufficient stacking fault energy for twinning", + "Yes, by inducing phase transformation from FCC to BCT structure", + "No, because aluminum lacks the necessary interstitial sites for carbon diffusion", + "Yes, through rapid quenching to form supersaturated solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For aluminum, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv at 30 K is 0.81 J/mol-K, and the Debye temperature is 375 K. Estimate the specific heat at 50 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.35 J/g-K", + "0.97 J/mol-K", + "139 J/kg-K", + "215 J/kg-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors mainly affects hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The carbon content of martensite", + "The cooling rate during quenching", + "The dislocation density in austenite prior to transformation", + "The grain size of the parent austenite phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the critical temperature Tc of a superconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where the Meissner effect is first observed", + "The temperature at which the material becomes completely diamagnetic", + "The highest temperature at which Cooper pairs can form", + "The temperature at which the resistance abruptly drops to zero" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of Pyrex glass is 10^9 Pa·s at 1400℃ and 10^13 Pa·s at 840℃. What is the activation energy for viscous flow?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "426.90 kJ/mol", + "318.28 kJ/mol", + "187.45 kJ/mol", + "254.62 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the electronegativity of Ca and Mg, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the electronegativity condition for forming a solid solution. (The electronegativity of Ca is 1.0, and that of Mg is 1.2)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Their positions in different groups (IIA vs IIB) create electronic structure incompatibility", + "The ionic radius mismatch (Ca2+ 1.00Å vs Mg2+ 0.72Å) prevents solid solution despite electronegativity similarity", + "The large difference in melting points (CaO 2572°C vs MgO 2852°C) dominates over electronegativity considerations", + "Their electronegativity difference (0.2) is within the 0.4 threshold, allowing solid solution formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 17°C, the solubility of large particles of 1,2-dinitrobenzene in water is 0.0059 mol/L, and the interfacial tension between 1,2-dinitrobenzene solid and the solution is 0.0257 N/m. The solubility of 1,2-dinitrobenzene with a diameter of 10^-8 m in water is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0035 mol/L", + "0.0059 mol/L", + "0.017 mol/L", + "0.029 mol/L" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The nitriding temperature of steel is generally chosen to be close to but slightly below the eutectoid temperature of the Fe-N system (590°C), why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To maintain the steel's hardness by preventing austenite formation", + "To avoid the formation of brittle γ'-Fe4N phase", + "The solubility of nitrogen is maximized in the α-Fe phase", + "The diffusion coefficient in α-Fe is higher than that in γ-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At high temperature, a metal is melted on an Al2O3 plate. If the liquid surface energy is only half of the Al2O3 surface energy, while the interfacial energy is twice the Al2O3 surface tension, what is the size of the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "90 degrees", + "120 degrees", + "180 degrees", + "60 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what kind of material would the temperature indicator be made?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shape memory alloys that exhibit reversible phase transformation", + "Bimetallic materials with differing thermal expansion coefficients", + "Piezoelectric ceramics generating voltage under temperature gradients", + "Thermochromic polymers changing optical properties with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in the conduction mechanisms between intrinsic semiconductors and doped semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intrinsic semiconductors rely solely on thermal excitation for carrier generation, while doped semiconductors use both thermal and impurity ionization", + "Doped semiconductors have higher carrier mobility due to reduced lattice scattering compared to intrinsic semiconductors", + "Intrinsic semiconductors exhibit ambipolar conduction, whereas doped semiconductors show unipolar conduction dominated by majority carriers", + "The conduction mechanism is identical in both, with differences only in carrier concentration magnitudes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of butadiene to styrene repeat units in a copolymer with a number-average molecular weight of 350,000 g/mol and a degree of polymerization of 4425?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.5", + "0.75", + "1.25", + "1.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compress the above-mentioned cold-rolled sheet from 1cm thickness to 0.6cm, calculate the total engineering strain ε.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ε ≈ -40%", + "ε ≈ -55%", + "ε ≈ -60%", + "ε ≈ -30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What mainly occurs during the high-temperature recovery of cold-worked metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polygonization", + "Recrystallization", + "Dislocation annihilation", + "Grain boundary migration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In UO2 crystals, the diffusion of O2- proceeds via the mechanism.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "vacancy", + "interstitial", + "dopant point defect", + "Frenkel defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization refer to deformation at high temperatures, where (18) occurs simultaneously during the deformation process. Which of the following correctly fills in the blank (18)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "phase transformation and precipitation", + "dislocation multiplication and annihilation", + "grain growth and refinement", + "work hardening and softening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron containing 0.05 % C is heated to 912 degrees C in an atmosphere that produces 1.20 % C at the surface and is held for 24 h. What is the carbon content at 0.05 cm beneath the surface if the iron is BCC?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.95 % C", + "1.20 % C", + "0.05 % C", + "0.60 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in. cube solidifies in 4.6 min. According to Chvorinov's rule with n=2, the mold constant is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.37 min/in^2", + "20.74 min/in^2", + "82.96 min/in^2", + "41.48 min/in^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation", + "The temperature at which a polymer transitions from crystalline to amorphous state", + "The midpoint of the heat capacity change during the glass transition", + "The highest temperature at which a polymer exhibits the glassy state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions is the first law of diffusion only applicable?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "For ideal solutions only", + "When the concentration gradient is linear", + "Steady state", + "At constant temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After high-temperature recovery, several edge dislocations form a subgrain boundary with a misorientation of $0.057^{\\circ}$. Assuming there is no interaction between these dislocations, what is the ratio of the distortion energy after forming the subgrain to the original energy? (Given the core radius of the dislocation $r_{0}\\approx$ $b\\approx10^{-8}\\mathrm{cm}$, and the effective radius of the dislocation stress field before forming the subgrain $R=10^{-4}\\mathrm{cm}$.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3/4", + "1/2", + "ln(R/r0)/[2ln(R/2r0)]", + "θ/2π" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solid solution contains x(MgO) at 30% and x(LiF) at 70%. The mass fractions of Li1+, Mg2+, F1-, and O2- are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w(Li+) = 16%, w(Mg2+) = 24%, w(F-) = 44%, w(O2-) = 16%", + "w(Li+) = 14%, w(Mg2+) = 26%, w(F-) = 42%, w(O2-) = 18%", + "w(Li+) = 18%, w(Mg2+) = 22%, w(F-) = 46%, w(O2-) = 14%", + "w(Li+) = 15%, w(Mg2+) = 25%, w(F-) = 45%, w(O2-) = 15%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If crystalline regions exist in polymer materials, then their melting point is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Directly proportional to the degree of crystallinity", + "Independent of molecular weight distribution", + "Determined solely by the strongest covalent bonds in the polymer", + "Inversely related to the lamellar thickness of crystallites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what is Fe3CIII precipitated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensite", + "Austenite", + "Cementite", + "Ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A Brinell hardness measurement, using a 10-mm-diameter indenter and a 500-kg load, produces an indentation of 4.5mm on an aluminum plate. What is the Brinell hardness number (HB) of the metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "119.2", + "59.6", + "14.9", + "29.8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the Tm of Cu is 1083°C, what is the estimated minimum recrystallization temperature of Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "541.5°C (0.5×Tm in Kelvin)", + "269.4°C", + "325°C (common annealing temp for Cu alloys)", + "198°C (based on cold-worked Cu conductivity data)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When most of the latent heat of crystallization can be dissipated through the liquid phase during ingot solidification, the main solid microstructure is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single crystal with <5° misorientation", + "Equiaxed grains with random crystallographic orientation", + "Directionally solidified columnar structure", + "Dendritic growth with secondary arm spacing <100μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What material is suitable for a thermocouple sheath?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline alumina with 5% porosity", + "Hot-pressed silicon nitride with 99% density", + "Reaction-bonded silicon carbide with 15% free silicon", + "Yttria-stabilized zirconia with 3% alumina dopant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For aluminum, the heat capacity at constant volume Cv at 30 K is 0.81 J/mol-K, and the Debye temperature is 375 K. Estimate the specific heat at 425 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "24.2 J/mol-K", + "0.81 J/mol-K", + "1.12 kJ/kg-K", + "923 J/kg-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the manufacturing of Al2O3 ceramics, the particle size of the raw material is 2μm. After holding at the sintering temperature for 30min, the measured grain size is 10μm. What will be the grain size in μm after holding at the same sintering temperature for 2h?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.14μm", + "20μm", + "40μm", + "5.66μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the microstructures of HT150 and annealed 20 steel. Which of the following correctly describes their microstructures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150: F+P; 20 steel: F+P+G (graphite)", + "HT150: P+B; 20 steel: F+P", + "HT150: F+P+G (graphite); 20 steel: F+P", + "HT150: F+P+G (graphite); 20 steel: F+P+Fe3C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A large-particle composite consisting of tungsten particles within a copper matrix is prepared with volume fractions of tungsten and copper as 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. Using the given data, what is the upper limit for the specific stiffness of this composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "24.8 GPa", + "19.0 GPa", + "15.6 GPa", + "32.7 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference in Fermi levels between intrinsic semiconductors and doped semiconductors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Doping concentration has no effect on the Fermi level position in extrinsic semiconductors", + "In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level coincides with the conduction band edge at room temperature", + "The Fermi level of an n-type semiconductor is always below the valence band maximum", + "The Fermi level position is temperature-independent in both intrinsic and doped semiconductors" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Al-Cu phase diagram, given $K=0.16$, $m=3.2$. If the solidification rate of the casting is $R=3\\times10^{-4}~\\mathrm{cm/s}$, the temperature gradient is $G=30^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}/\\mathrm{cm}$, and the diffusion coefficient is $D=3\\times10^{-5}~\\mathrm{cm}^{2}/\\mathrm{s}$, what is the extreme value of $\\scriptstyle{\\mathcal{W}}_{\\mathrm{Cu}}$ in the alloy that maintains planar interface growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1744", + "0.2018", + "0.1542", + "0.1896" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of ZrO2 that is 8 in. long, 0.50 in. wide, and 0.25 in. thick and is resting on two supports 4 in. apart. When a force of 400 lb is applied, the specimen deflects 0.037 in. and breaks. The flexural modulus, assuming no plastic deformation occurs, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.54 x 10^6 psi", + "44.28 x 10^6 psi", + "11.07 x 10^6 psi", + "22.14 x 10^6 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for tungsten?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When yield strength drops below 100 MPa", + "800°C (1472°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (1450°C)", + "1200°C (2190°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\n| σ_f (MPa) | P |\n|-----------|---|\n| 70 | 0.10 |\n| 60 | 0.15 |\n\nCompute the flexural strength for a completely nonporous specimen of this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "95.3 MPa", + "82.6 MPa", + "110.4 MPa", + "77.9 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reaction of forming mullite from Al2O3 and SiO powders is controlled by diffusion and conforms to the Jander equation. The experiment was conducted under constant temperature conditions. When the reaction proceeded for 1 hour, it was measured that 15% of the reactants had reacted. In how much time will all the reactants be converted into products?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "44.44h", + "359.63h", + "6.67h", + "100h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Kaolinite belongs to the layered silicate structure, and its structural feature is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased ductility with decreasing grain size due to enhanced dislocation mobility", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows a linear increase in yield strength with the inverse square root of grain size, valid down to the nanoscale", + "The Hall-Petch relationship describes a logarithmic dependence of hardness on grain boundary density", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below 100nm grain size due to dislocation starvation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For mixed dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The motion direction is always parallel to the Burgers vector", + "The motion direction is determined by the screw component of the dislocation", + "The motion direction is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the applied stress", + "The motion direction follows the maximum resolved shear stress direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of single crystal electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transparent", + "Translucent due to internal grain boundaries", + "Opaque due to free electron absorption", + "Wavelength-dependent transparency with IR opacity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficient of O in Al2O3, D0(O) = 0.19 m^2/s, and the activation energy Q = 636 kJ/mol, what is its diffusion coefficient D at a temperature of 2000 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "636 m^2/s", + "1.2×10^-15 m^2/s", + "0.19 m^2/s", + "4.7×10^-18 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In substitutional solid solutions, the general mode of atomic diffusion is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion with activation energy proportional to the melting point", + "Interstitial diffusion with concentration-dependent activation energy", + "Vacancy exchange mechanism with coordination-number dependent jump frequency", + "Direct atomic exchange through interstitialcy mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the density of amorphous polyethylene ρa=0.854 g/cm³, the density of typical commercial low-density polyethylene ρ=0.920 g/cm³, and the density of fully crystalline polyethylene ρc=1.01 g/cm³, the mass fraction of the crystalline region wc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "46.6%", + "38.2%", + "52.4%", + "64.8%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a Cu-Zn alloy solidifies, one portion of the structure contains 25 atomic percent zinc and another portion 0.025mm away contains 20 atomic percent zinc. The lattice parameter for the FCC alloy is 3.63 x 10^-8 cm. Determine the concentration gradient in (a) atomic percent Zn per cm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-500 at% Zn/cm", + "-2.0 at% Zn/μm", + "-5.0 at% Zn/mm", + "-2000 at% Zn/cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the ratio of nucleation rates between intragranular coherent disc-shaped nucleation and grain boundary incoherent double spherical cap-shaped nucleation, given the grain diameter Π=10^-3 m, temperature T=1000 K, and Boltzmann constant k=1.38×10^-23 J/K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.72×10^-31", + "4.89×10^-12", + "1.15×10^23", + "2.27×10^-49" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of BCC iron is 7.882 g/cm³ and the lattice parameter is 0.2886 nm when hydrogen atoms are introduced at interstitial positions. The atomic fraction of hydrogen atoms is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.012", + "0.008", + "0.004", + "0.016" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the similarities between solid solutions, lattice defects, and non-stoichiometric compounds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They all require the presence of interstitial atoms to maintain charge neutrality", + "They all involve substitutional atoms replacing host atoms in the lattice", + "They all result in significant changes to the crystal's unit cell parameters", + "They are all point defects with structures identical to the host crystal phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar packing fraction (ppf) on the (110) plane for CaF2 (with the fluorite structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.785", + "0.699", + "0.524", + "0.906" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Is the alloy hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypoeutectic (Sn content below eutectic composition)", + "Hypereutectic (Sn content above eutectic composition)", + "Eutectic (exactly at the eutectic composition)", + "Peritectic (undergoes peritectic reaction instead)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To survive for one million cycles under conditions that provide for equal compressive and tensile stresses, what is the fatigue strength, or maximum stress amplitude, required?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "220 MPa", + "44 MPa", + "110 MPa", + "22 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the yield strength and grain size of No. 10 steel was measured as follows: when the grain diameter was $400\\mu m$, $\\partial_{\\mathfrak{s}}=86$ MPa, and when the grain diameter was $5\\mu\\mathrm{m}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}=242$ MPa. Using the Hall-Petch formula, determine the yield strength when the average grain diameter is $50~\\mu\\mathrm{m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "136.45 MPa", + "121.83 MPa", + "108.72 MPa", + "154.60 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the atomic radius of a metal that has the body-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.181nm, what is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0271 nm^3", + "0.0382 nm^3", + "0.0123 nm^3", + "0.0486 nm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy formation energy of copper is 1.7×10⁻¹⁹ J. Calculate the average vacancy concentration C at 1000°C, given the Boltzmann constant K=1.38×10⁻²³ J/K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.51×10⁻⁴", + "1.25×10⁻⁴", + "3.14×10⁻⁵", + "6.27×10⁻⁵" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly indicates the variation pattern of plasticity in clay lumps after adsorbing the different cations (use arrows to denote: small—large) H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the phenomenon called when a metal with finer grains exhibits higher strength and hardness but lower plasticity and toughness compared to the same metal with coarser grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening", + "Hall-Petch effect", + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Grain refinement strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The growth morphology of crystals is related to which of the following distributions at the interface front?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temperature gradient", + "Dislocation density distribution", + "Electron cloud polarization", + "Atomic mass gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the order of magnitude wavelength for visible light?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size", + "The Hall-Petch relationship applies equally to both crystalline and amorphous materials", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is independent of temperature", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size of 10nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe (face-centered cubic), given the diffusion coefficient formula as D=0.21exp[-141284/RT] cm²/s, temperature T=800°C (1073K), and gas constant R=8.314 J/(mol·K). The diffusion coefficient is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.7×10^-9 cm²/s", + "1.4×10^-7 cm²/s", + "2.1×10^-8 cm²/s", + "5.8×10^-6 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy at 726°C, what is the composition and amount of each phase present?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: 0.0218% C, 95.1%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%", + "α: 0.35% C, 95.1%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%", + "γ: 0.77% C, 45.6%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 54.4%", + "α: 0.0218% C, 93.3%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 4.9%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a piece of iron is heated from room temperature 20°C to 850°C, then cooled very quickly to 20°C, what is the change in the number of vacancies before and after the treatment (assuming the energy required to form 1 mole of vacancies in iron is 104600J)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.3×10^13", + "1.2×10^14", + "3.8×10^12", + "The number of vacancies remains unchanged" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) having a number-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol; linear polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 225,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both polymers have similar melting points as molecular weight differences compensate for structural effects", + "Syndiotactic PVC due to its higher molecular weight enhancing chain entanglement", + "Linear polyethylene due to its higher crystallinity from identical single-atom side groups", + "Syndiotactic PVC due to its stereoregular structure promoting better crystal packing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What usually breaks first when a polymer material fractures under force?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent bonds in the polymer backbone", + "Secondary intermolecular forces between chains", + "Crystalline domains in semi-crystalline polymers", + "Entanglements between polymer chains" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the crystallization of certain castings, due to the faster cooling rate, the homogeneous nucleation rate N1 increases, and the heterogeneous nucleation rate N2 also increases. Therefore, the total nucleation rate is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "N = (N1 × N2)/(N1 + N2) (reciprocal relationship between competing mechanisms)", + "N = N1 + N2 (sum of both nucleation mechanisms contributes to total rate)", + "N = max(N1, N2) (only the faster nucleation mechanism is active)", + "N = N2 (heterogeneous nucleation dominates due to lower activation energy barrier)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the cubic {111} plane family?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cubic {111} plane family includes eight planes corresponding to the octahedral slip systems", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes six planes equivalent to the faces of an octahedron", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes three planes forming 60° angles with each other", + "The cubic {111} plane family includes four planes: (111), (111), (111), (111)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the atomic arrangement and bonding in ordered alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ordered arrangements occur when the enthalpy of mixing is positive, favoring solute-solvent interactions over like-atom interactions", + "The atomic arrangement is determined by the ratio of covalent to metallic bond character, with higher covalent character leading to more ordered structures", + "The greater the bonding energy between dissimilar atoms, the more likely they are to form disordered solid solutions", + "Atomic ordering requires the solute atoms to have larger radii than the solvent atoms to create lattice strain fields" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 550°C and holding for 1s, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite (γ-Fe) with 0.8% C", + "Pearlite (α-Fe + Fe3C) with 0.8% C", + "Bainite (α-Fe + Fe3C) with 0.8% C", + "Martensite with 0.8% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a rough interface have on the crystal growth morphology?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Planar growth under positive temperature gradient, dendritic growth under negative gradient", + "Dendritic growth regardless of temperature gradient direction", + "Spiral growth due to screw dislocations at the interface", + "Isotropic spherical growth morphology" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the habit plane and its invariance in the characteristics of martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Invariance of the habit plane is achieved through simultaneous lattice rotation and distortion to maintain coherency with the parent phase.", + "The habit plane is defined as the interface between austenite and martensite that undergoes maximum shear strain during transformation.", + "Habit planes correspond to the highest atomic density planes in the parent phase, ensuring minimum energy barrier for transformation.", + "Martensite forms on certain crystallographic planes of the parent phase, and these planes are called habit planes. The habit plane is an undistorted and non-rotating plane." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the modulated structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The modulated structure features aperiodic stacking faults with varying interplanar spacing and anisotropic properties", + "The modulated structure shows random atomic arrangements with localized strain fields and discontinuous interfaces", + "The modulated structure displays quasi-periodic ordering with alternating regions of high and low density", + "The modulated structure exhibits a periodic pattern, with high dispersion, uniform distribution, and high connectivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what temperature or temperature range is primary cementite formed, and through what reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + ">1148°C, eutectic reaction: L→Fe3C1", + "727-1148°C, eutectoid reaction: γ→Fe3C1 + α", + "<727°C, precipitation reaction: α→Fe3C1", + "1495°C, peritectic reaction: L + δ→Fe3C1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal stretched along the [131] axis, the resolved shear stress of the slip system (111)[10-1] under a tensile stress of 6.9×10^5 Pa is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.1×10^5 Pa", + "2.8×10^5 Pa", + "0 Pa", + "5.7×10^5 Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main structural types (subtypes) of silicate crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Monomer, dimer, oligomer, polymer, network", + "Isolated, cyclic, single-chain, double-chain, sheet", + "Orthosilicate, metasilicate, phyllosilicate, tectosilicate", + "Island, group, chain, layer, framework" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For screw dislocations, which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of the dislocation line direction, Burgers vector, and dislocation motion direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector, but the dislocation line is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is parallel to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is parallel to the direction of dislocation motion", + "the dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector, and the dislocation line is perpendicular to the direction of dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a screw dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A defect where atomic planes spiral around the dislocation line like a screw thread", + "A dislocation where the dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector", + "A linear defect where the Burgers vector is perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "A type of dislocation that only occurs in BCC crystal structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization refer to the simultaneous occurrence of which of the following during deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "softening and strain hardening", + "dislocation generation and annihilation", + "grain growth and texture development", + "phase transformation and twinning" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the third main mechanism of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary strengthening", + "Dislocation pinning by solute atoms", + "Strain hardening through cold working", + "Precipitation hardening via coherent phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of potassium, which has the BCC structure and one atom per lattice point, is 0.855 g/cm3. The atomic weight of potassium is 39.09 g/mol. The atomic radius of potassium is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.3103 x 10^-8 cm", + "1.1551 x 10^-8 cm", + "2.3103 x 10^-10 m", + "2.3103 x 10^-8 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In CaO, the unit cell parameter a=0.480 nm, and the anions and cations are in contact with each other. The radius of Ca2+ is known to be 0.107 nm. What is the radius of O2-?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.113 nm", + "0.097 nm", + "0.133 nm", + "0.085 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a carbon steel containing 0.1% carbon, carburized at 930‰, the carburized layer thickness is 0.4mm after 3 hours. Someone wants to obtain a 0.8mm carburized layer and plans to use 6 hours. Is this person's plan correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Incorrect, because the required time should be 12 hours instead of 6 hours", + "Correct, because carburization depth is directly proportional to time", + "Incorrect, because the required time should be 9 hours due to temperature effects", + "Correct, because doubling the thickness requires quadrupling the time" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microscopic mechanisms of diffusion in crystalline solids include:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Exchange mechanism", + "Dislocation climb-controlled diffusion", + "Grain boundary sliding", + "Nabarro-Herring creep" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical length Lc of β-SiC whiskers, given a diameter of 0.5μm, tensile strength of 70000MPa, and interfacial shear strength τy approximated by the matrix yield strength of 76MPa. The critical length Lc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "460.5μm", + "230.3μm", + "920.8μm", + "115.1μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A certain powder compact has an average particle size of 2μm. After sintering to the highest temperature and holding for 0.5h, the measured grain size is 10μm. If the holding time is extended to 2h, what will the grain size be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.1μm (assuming n=3 grain growth kinetics)", + "20μm (using D²=kt relationship)", + "40μm (linear extrapolation of grain size with time)", + "5.7μm (inverse time dependence for abnormal grain growth)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Convert the (010) plane into the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells. The correct four-index scheme is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(0 1 0 -1)", + "(0 1 0 0)", + "(0 1 -1 0)", + "(01 -1 0)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions do common pure metals grow with a dendritic interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the solidification rate exceeds 1 mm/s regardless of thermal conditions", + "Only under negative temperature gradient conditions", + "Under both positive and negative temperature gradients if constitutional supercooling exists", + "Always during rapid solidification processes (RSP)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A low-alloy steel ingot containing silicon exhibits dendritic segregation with a dendrite arm spacing of 500μm. After diffusion annealing at 1200°C, the segregation amplitude is reduced to 10% of its original value. How long should the holding time be for the silicon element? Assume the diffusion coefficient of silicon in austenite at 1200°C is 7.03×10^(-11)cm^2/s.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.18×10^5s", + "1.04×10^6s", + "4.14×10^6s", + "2.07×10^6s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does increasing the molecular weight of a semicrystalline polymer affect its tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases due to enhanced chain entanglement and reduced chain-end defects", + "Decreases as higher molecular weight leads to more amorphous regions", + "Remains constant because crystallinity percentage is the dominant factor", + "First increases then decreases beyond critical molecular weight" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 20-100°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of ε-carbides", + "Carbon segregation in martensite", + "Recovery of dislocations", + "Decomposition of retained austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among various layered silicate structures, the unit cell parameters that are similar are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The basal plane spacing (d001) in both kaolinite and montmorillonite", + "The a-axis length in pyrophyllite and the c-axis length in talc", + "The interlayer distance in muscovite and the unit cell height in phlogopite", + "The b-dimension in all 1:1 layer silicates and 2:1 layer silicates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that the kinetics of recrystallization for some alloy obeys the Avrami equation, and that the value of n in the exponential is 5.0. If, at some temperature, the fraction recrystallized is 0.30 after 100 min, what is the rate of recrystallization at this temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.20 × 10^{-2} min^{-1}", + "8.76 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}", + "5.42 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}", + "3.67 × 10^{-3} min^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "400°C (752°F)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "270°C (518°F)", + "0.4 x melting temperature (340°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the recovery mechanism at medium temperatures of 0.3~0.5Tm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancy diffusion dominates, leading to dislocation climb and polygonization", + "Dislocations glide on slip planes, causing opposite sign dislocations to annihilate and rearrange within tangles", + "Grain boundary migration becomes the primary mechanism for dislocation reduction", + "Recrystallization nuclei form at prior grain boundaries, consuming deformed matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for gold?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "400°C (common threshold for FCC metals)", + "1063°C (melting point)", + "150°C (typical recrystallization temperature)", + "262°C (504°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Abnormal growth of individual grains consuming finer matrix grains, with pores becoming trapped inside growing grains", + "Uniform grain growth driven solely by reduction of grain boundary energy, maintaining equiaxed grain structure", + "Simultaneous nucleation and growth of new grains throughout the material, similar to primary recrystallization", + "Selective growth of grains with specific crystallographic orientations due to applied stress or strain" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The melt is a mixture of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for {111}<110> slip in FCC metals at 0K", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC metals at 0K", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal (G/2π)", + "The Orowan stress for dislocation bypassing nanoscale precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients for silver in copper at two temperatures: T(°C) = 650, D(m2/s) = 5.5 × 10^-16 and T(°C) = 900, D(m2/s) = 1.3 × 10^-13, determine the values of D0 and Qd.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D0 = 1.3 × 10^-13 m2/s and Qd = 89,500 J/mol", + "D0 = 2.1 × 10^-6 m2/s and Qd = 145,300 J/mol", + "D0 = 7.5 × 10^-5 m2/s and Qd = 196,700 J/mol", + "D0 = 5.5 × 10^-16 m2/s and Qd = 112,400 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Where should hydrogen atoms be located in the aluminum lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundaries where hydrogen can be trapped by defects", + "Tetrahedral interstices because hydrogen's small radius fits better in smaller voids", + "Substitutional sites replacing aluminum atoms to form stable hydrides", + "Octahedral interstices due to their larger size compared to tetrahedral sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution compound does Cu3Sn belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Substitutional solid solution with random Sn distribution", + "Electron compound with specific electron concentration", + "Interstitial solid solution with Sn occupying octahedral sites", + "Ordered substitutional solid solution with superlattice formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a Cu-Zn alloy (w_Zn=0.30) is 250 kJ/mol, and this alloy takes 1 hour to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, how many hours does it take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 390°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.96 h", + "0.51 h", + "3.82 h", + "1.00 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How much CaO needs to be added to 100g of SiO2 to achieve an O:Si ratio of 2.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "62.49g", + "58.33g", + "35.21g", + "46.67g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between crystallization and solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallization involves long-range atomic diffusion while solid-state transformation occurs through local atomic rearrangement", + "Crystallization requires nucleation sites but solid-state transformations are homogeneous throughout the material", + "Crystallization is exothermic while solid-state phase transformations are always endothermic", + "Crystallization changes the chemical composition but solid-state transformations preserve it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the diffusion coefficient of intrinsic diffusion and temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D=D0exp(-ΔHf/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-ΔHm/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-(ΔHf/2 + ΔHm)/RT)", + "D=D0exp(-(ΔHf + ΔHm)/RT)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which ions in plagioclase Na(AlSi3O8) and anorthite Ca(Al2Si2O8) can substitute for each other?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only Al3+ in plagioclase substitutes for Si4+ in anorthite", + "Na+ and Al3+ in plagioclase substitute for Ca2+ and Si4+ in anorthite", + "Only Na+ in plagioclase substitutes for Ca2+ in anorthite", + "Na+ and Si4+ in plagioclase substitute for Ca2+ and Al3+ in anorthite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A liquid cast iron has a density of 7.65 g/cm3. Immediately after solidification, the density of the solid cast iron is found to be 7.71 g/cm3. What is the percent volume change that occurs during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.77%", + "0.78%", + "0.77%", + "0.83%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO dissolves into Al2O3 to form a solid solution. Assuming Mg2+ replaces Al3+, which of the following is the correct reaction equation using Kroger-Vink notation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO → MgAl' + VO•• + OOX", + "2MgO → 2MgAl' + V..O + 2OOX", + "3MgO → 3MgAl' + V..O + 3OOX", + "MgO + Al2O3 → MgAl' + AlO• + OOX" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A tensile test is performed on a specimen of some metal alloy, and it is found that a true plastic strain of 0.12 is produced when a true stress of 280 MPa is applied. For this alloy, the value of the strain hardening exponent is 0.3. On the basis of these data, what true plastic strain would be expected for a total true plastic stress of 330 MPa?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.383", + "0.168", + "0.254", + "0.412" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium has a tetragonal structure with a_{0}=0.32517nm and c_{0}=0.49459nm. The density is 7.286g / {cm}^{3} and the atomic weight is 114.82g / mol. Does indium have the simple tetragonal or body-centered tetragonal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Simple tetragonal (Z=1)", + "Body-centered tetragonal (Z=2)", + "Face-centered tetragonal (Z=4)", + "Hexagonal close-packed (Z=6)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the tensile strengths and number-average molecular weights for two polymers as follows: Tensile strength (MPa) 138, 184; Number average molecular weight (g/mol) 12600, 28100. Estimate the number average molecular weight (in g/mol) at a tensile strength of 141 MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "11400 g/mol", + "13200 g/mol", + "15800 g/mol", + "14600 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can be used to form non-crystalline solids (NCS)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rapid quenching of metallic melts at cooling rates >10^6 K/s", + "Slow cooling of polymer melts below their glass transition temperature", + "Ion implantation-induced amorphization of crystalline silicon", + "Mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If tension is applied along the [2 3] direction of an aluminum single crystal, which of the following is the double slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[0 1]－( 1)[101]", + "(111)[1 0]－(111)[0 1]", + "(110)[1 1]－(101)[1 1]", + "(111)[1 0]－( 1)[0 1]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the Inconel and nickel pair that are coupled in seawater, predict the possibility of corrosion; if corrosion is probable, note which metal/alloy will corrode.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Severe galvanic corrosion will occur due to seawater electrolyte", + "Nickel will corrode due to its lower nobility compared to Inconel", + "Inconel will corrode preferentially due to its complex alloy composition", + "Corrosion is unlikely as both alloys are in the same galvanic series bracket" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymer bar's dimensions are 1 in. × 2 in. × 15 in. The polymer has a modulus of elasticity of 600,000 psi. What force is required to stretch the bar elastically to 15.25 in.?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "300,000 N", + "100,000 lb", + "400,000 psi", + "200,000 lb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During austenite nucleation, not only (10) fluctuations and (11) fluctuations are required, but also (12) fluctuations are needed. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (10), (11), and (12)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "composition; temperature; pressure", + "energy; composition; stress", + "structure; energy; composition", + "temperature; entropy; free energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The eutectic of the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system is placed on a Si3N4 ceramic plate. At the eutectic temperature, the surface tension of the liquid phase is 900 mN/m, the interfacial energy between the liquid and solid is 600 mN/m, and the measured contact angle is 70.52°. What is the surface tension of Si3N4?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "600 mN/m", + "900 mN/m", + "1200 mN/m", + "300 mN/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods for controlling austenite grain size?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Use cryogenic treatment to refine the grain structure through phase transformation", + "Establish appropriate heating specifications, including controlling heating temperature and holding time, rapid short-term heating", + "Apply high-frequency electromagnetic fields to disrupt grain boundary migration", + "Introduce nano-sized precipitates to pin grain boundaries during recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The preexponential and activation energy for the diffusion of chromium in nickel are 1.1 × 10^{-4} m^{2}/s and 272,000 J/mol, respectively. At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient have a value of 1.2 × 10^{-14} m^{2}/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1427 K", + "1273 K", + "1543 K", + "1620 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between recrystallization and solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization involves nucleation and growth of new grains with reduced dislocation density, while phase transformation requires overcoming an activation energy barrier for atomic rearrangement", + "Both processes result in new crystal structures, but recrystallization is driven by temperature while phase transformation is driven by pressure", + "Recrystallization only occurs in single-phase materials, whereas phase transformation requires multiphase systems", + "The key difference is that recrystallization preserves the original crystal structure while phase transformation changes it" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An isothermally transformed eutectoid steel is found to have a yield strength of 410 MPa. What is the estimated interlamellar spacing in the pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.14 × 10^-4 mm", + "2.45 × 10^-6 m", + "1.67 × 10^-5 cm", + "8.90 × 10^-7 cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于晶界和界面能的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interfacial energy of grain boundaries decreases with increasing misorientation angle between adjacent grains, reaching a minimum at 45° due to optimal atomic packing.", + "Grain boundaries exhibit lower energy than free surfaces because they involve fewer broken bonds, resulting in interfacial energies typically an order of magnitude smaller than surface energies.", + "A grain boundary is the interface between grains of the same composition and structure. Atoms at the interface are in a broken-bond state and possess excess energy. The average excess energy per unit area of the interface is called interfacial energy.", + "Twin boundaries have higher interfacial energy than random high-angle grain boundaries because their precise crystallographic alignment creates more strained atomic configurations." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following elements are commonly used to improve the tempering stability of steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Si, Co", + "Cr, Mo", + "Ni, Mn", + "V, W" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best explains the significance of the critical volume fraction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical volume fraction determines the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity in conductive polymer composites", + "It represents the minimum fiber content required to achieve higher composite strength than the pure matrix material", + "The volume fraction at which the composite's thermal expansion coefficient equals that of the reinforcement phase", + "The point where the composite's fracture toughness becomes independent of fiber orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the allotropes of Mn has a cubic structure with a lattice constant a of 0.632 nm, an atomic radius r of 0.122 nm, and 20 atoms in the unit cell. What is its packing density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.466", + "0.532", + "0.398", + "0.689" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the transformation temperature between different series of quartz variants much higher than that between variants of the same series?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Different quartz series have incompatible crystal symmetries requiring complete lattice reorganization", + "The energy barrier for displacive transformations is lower than for reconstructive transformations due to preserved bond connectivity", + "Thermal expansion coefficients mismatch between series creates additional strain energy requirements", + "The presence of trace impurities selectively stabilizes certain polymorphic forms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly lists the crystal planes included in the {110} and {100} crystal plane families in the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001) (001) (010) (100)", + "{110}: (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) (110) (101) (011) {100}: (100) (010) (001) (001) (010) (100)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For copper, the critical resolved shear stress is given by the equation \\(\\tau_{\\text{crss}} = \\tau_{0} + A \\sqrt{\\rho_{D}}\\), where \\(\\tau_{0} = 0.069 \\text{ MPa}\\) and the critical resolved shear stress is 0.69 MPa at a dislocation density of \\(10^{4} \\text{ mm}^{-2}\\). What is \\(\\tau_{\\text{crss}}\\) at a dislocation density of \\(10^{6} \\text{ mm}^{-2}\\)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21.9 MPa", + "2.19 MPa", + "0.69 MPa", + "6.28 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a composite material, which phase normally has the higher elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The phase with higher crosslink density", + "The phase with higher thermal conductivity", + "The phase with higher atomic packing density", + "The phase with higher crystallinity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the differences between twinning and slip in the plastic deformation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning involves atomic displacements that produce a mirror image of the crystal structure, while slip preserves the original orientation; twinning requires higher stress than slip but results in lower strain per deformation event", + "Both twinning and slip occur through dislocation motion, but twinning involves partial dislocations while slip uses perfect dislocations; twinning produces larger strain increments than slip at comparable stress levels", + "Slip systems are determined by the Burgers vector and slip plane, whereas twinning systems depend on the twin plane and shear direction; twinning can accommodate strain in directions where slip systems are inactive", + "Twinning creates new grain boundaries while slip does not; the critical resolved shear stress for twinning is typically lower than for slip due to the cooperative nature of atomic movements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Schottky vacancy的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vacancy formed when an atom is displaced to a nearby lattice site without leaving the crystal is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed when an atom moves to an interstitial site within the crystal lattice is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed by the simultaneous removal of a cation-anion pair in ionic crystals is called a Schottky vacancy", + "A vacancy formed by the migration of a displaced atom to the outer surface or internal interface (such as grain boundaries, etc.) is called a Schottky vacancy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cold-rolled pure copper sheets, if high strength is required, which heat treatment should be performed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment at 800°C followed by water quenching", + "Low-temperature annealing (200-300°C) for 1 hour", + "High-temperature recrystallization annealing (600-700°C)", + "Stress relief annealing at 400°C for 2 hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ratio of butadiene to acrylonitrile repeat units in a copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of 250,000 g/mol and a degree of polymerization of 4640. The ratio is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fb/fa = 2.5", + "fb/fa = 4.0", + "fb/fa = 3.2", + "fb/fa = 1.6" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During liquid-solid phase transformation, the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is related to the contact angle θ. When , the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is reduced by half compared to the homogeneous nucleation barrier.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The theoretical shear strength of perfect BCC iron crystal", + "The Peierls stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC iron at 300K", + "The critical resolved shear stress for {110}<111> slip in BCC iron at 300K", + "The yield strength of polycrystalline iron with 0.1% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the interparticle spacing λ, given the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume NV=1.43×10^13.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.1nm", + "1.7μm", + "2.4μm", + "4.2×10^-6 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are there no more than 14 Bravais lattices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the 14 lattices represent all possible combinations of symmetry operations that preserve translational periodicity", + "Due to the mathematical constraint that only 14 unique combinations of lattice parameters can satisfy the crystallographic restriction theorem", + "Because higher-order lattices would violate the Pauli exclusion principle for electron arrangements in crystals", + "The limitation arises from the maximum number of unique Voronoi cell configurations possible in 3D space" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the modulus of elasticity for titanium carbide (TiC) with 5 vol% porosity is 310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi), what is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous titanium carbide (TiC)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi)", + "342 GPa (49.6 x 10^6 psi)", + "327 GPa (47.4 x 10^6 psi)", + "295 GPa (42.8 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly explains why heterogeneous nucleation is easier than homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because homogeneous nucleation creates more dislocations which increase the energy barrier", + "Because heterogeneous nucleation requires lower activation energy due to pre-existing lattice matching", + "Because the former uses foreign particles as the substrate, the nucleation work is smaller", + "Because foreign particles reduce the critical radius required for stable nucleus formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Confirm that the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each iron atom, given that the saturation magnetization is 1.70 × 10^{6} A/m, iron has a BCC crystal structure, and the unit cell edge length is 0.2866 nm, is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.40 bohr magnetons/atom", + "2.22 bohr magnetons/atom", + "1.91 bohr magnetons/atom", + "2.16 bohr magnetons/atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why cannot the lever rule be used to analyze the relative amounts of phases in a vertical section of a ternary equilibrium phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the lever rule requires constant temperature conditions, which are violated in vertical sections", + "Because vertical sections represent non-equilibrium conditions where phase fractions are undefined", + "Because the composition points of equilibrium phases cannot be determined on a vertical section", + "Because ternary systems require three-dimensional lever calculations that cannot be projected onto 2D sections" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of Pyrex glass is 10^9 Pa·s at 1400°C and 10^13 Pa·s at 840°C. To facilitate forming, approximately what temperature is required for the glass to reach a viscosity of 10^5 Pa·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3094.2°C", + "1680°C", + "2150°C", + "2750°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is fibrous structure formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "After cold working, grains and defects elongate along deformation direction forming fiber-like morphology", + "During rapid solidification, directional dendrite growth creates aligned fibrous microstructure", + "High-temperature annealing causes recrystallization into columnar grain structures", + "Electrospinning polymer solutions produces nanoscale fiber assemblies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The chemical behavior of S sometimes resembles that of a hexavalent element, while other times it resembles a tetravalent element. Which of the following explains the reason for this behavior of S?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The outermost electron configuration of S allows variable electron sharing, exhibiting both hexavalent and tetravalent characteristics depending on the electronegativity of bonding partners", + "Sulfur exhibits d-orbital hybridization in certain compounds, enabling expansion of its valence shell beyond the octet rule", + "The atomic radius of S changes significantly when forming different compounds, altering its effective valence state", + "Sulfur's 3p orbitals can undergo sp³ hybridization, creating four equivalent orbitals that sometimes share all electrons and sometimes only two" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Wetting is an important behavior at the solid-liquid interface. Which of the following is one of the methods to improve wetting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Apply an external electric field perpendicular to the interface", + "Increase the surface roughness to enhance mechanical interlocking", + "Reduce the solid-liquid interfacial energy", + "Introduce nanoscale porosity to increase effective surface area" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In which fields can ceramic materials be applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All of the above applications are correct", + "Structural load-bearing components in aircraft engines", + "Flexible electronic displays and stretchable sensors", + "Thermal insulation and wear-resistant coatings" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation have the same critical nucleus radius, and the critical nucleation work for heterogeneous nucleation is also equal to one-third of the surface energy. Why is heterogeneous nucleation easier than homogeneous nucleation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the volume free energy change is larger in heterogeneous nucleation due to substrate effects", + "Because the interfacial energy between the nucleus and substrate is lower than the liquid-solid interfacial energy", + "Because heterogeneous nucleation requires lower undercooling to achieve the same nucleation rate", + "Because in heterogeneous nucleation, impurities or mold cavities act as part of the nucleus, reducing the number of atoms needed to be mobilized" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When selecting the unit parallelepiped of a space lattice, the primary principle is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The symmetry of the unit parallelepiped should conform to the symmetry of the entire space lattice", + "The unit parallelepiped should contain the minimum number of lattice points", + "The edges of the unit parallelepiped must coincide with crystallographic axes", + "The volume of the unit parallelepiped should be minimized for computational efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit of diffusion flux is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "J/mol·K", + "cm2/s", + "g/cm3·s", + "1/cm2·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the fourth essential reason for the high hardness of martensite: the transformation strengthening mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal structure of martensite inherently has higher Peierls stress than austenite", + "The transformation creates a supersaturated solid solution where solute atoms pin dislocations through Cottrell atmospheres", + "The rapid quenching process introduces residual compressive stresses that enhance hardness through stress hardening", + "The high hardness is primarily due to the formation of fine twins in plate martensite that act as barriers to dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that H70 brass [w(Zn)=30%] requires 1 hour to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, and 2 hours at 390°C, calculate the time required to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 420°C.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.13 h", + "0.52 h", + "0.26 h", + "0.39 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the viscosity corresponding to the characteristic temperature Tg?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18×10^13 dPa·s", + "10^12 Pa·s (glass transition criterion for polymers)", + "1013 dPa·s (typical viscosity at melting point)", + "1.8×10^12 dPa·s (common misquoted value from early literature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the basic strengthening forms of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "solid solution strengthening", + "strain hardening", + "thermal expansion coefficient reduction", + "grain refinement strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion can an edge dislocation undergo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion", + "Climb", + "Twinning", + "Slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are 40CrNiMo and 37SiMnCrMoV steels (25mm in diameter) in the normalized state difficult to machine, and what is the most economical method to improve machinability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching and tempering", + "Annealing", + "Cold working followed by stress relief", + "Solution treatment at 1050°C followed by aging" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following measures can be taken to accelerate the formation of mullite in a diffusion-controlled reaction conforming to the Jander equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing the temperature gradient across the sample to enhance mass transport", + "Adding excess SiO2 to shift the reaction equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle", + "Reducing particle size of reactants to increase surface area for diffusion", + "Introducing a small amount of MgO to form a liquid phase at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 20 grains/square inch are observed at a magnification of 400, what is the ASTM grain size number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.9", + "8.6", + "10.2", + "9.3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire (with a diameter of 1 mm) is coated with a layer of copper (total diameter of 2 mm). What is the thermal expansion coefficient of this composite material? The elastic modulus of steel is E_st=205 GPa, and that of copper is E_cu=110 GPa; their expansion coefficients are α_st=1.1×10⁻⁶/°C, α_Cu=17×10⁻⁶/°C respectively.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15×10⁻⁶/°C", + "9.1×10⁻⁶/°C (体积平均法计算值)", + "17×10⁻⁶/°C (仅考虑铜层)", + "1.1×10⁻⁶/°C (仅考虑钢芯)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Gallium has an orthorhombic structure, with a0=0.45258 nm, b0=0.45186 nm, and c0=0.76570 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1218 nm. The density is 5.904 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 69.72 g/mol. Determine the packing factor in the unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.612", + "0.452", + "0.521", + "0.387" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The metal magnesium atoms form a hexagonal close packing, and its density is measured to be 1.74 g/cm³. What is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.37×10⁻²² cm³", + "2.74×10⁻²² cm³", + "4.11×10⁻²² cm³", + "5.48×10⁻²² cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Shape memory alloy components undergo plastic deformation in the (1) state and recover their original shape after (2).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation motion initiates when the applied stress exceeds the theoretical shear strength of the perfect crystal", + "The critical resolved shear stress is reached when the Burgers vector aligns with the slip direction", + "Plastic deformation begins when the Schmid factor reaches its maximum value of 0.5", + "Yield occurs when the stress component normal to the slip plane reaches a critical value" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of Fe3C particles per unit volume N_v, given the volume fraction of Fe3C phase φ_Fe3C=0.06 and the radius of spherical cementite particles r=10×10^-6 m.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.58×10^13 (1/m^3)", + "2.86×10^13 (1/m^3)", + "7.16×10^12 (1/m^3)", + "1.43×10^13 (1/m^3)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the dislocation density ρ when the shear strength is $42\\mathrm{MPa}$. The dislocation density ρ can be calculated using the formula ρ = (τ̄/αGb)^2, where α is a constant (typically taken as 0.5). Substituting τ̄ = 42×10^6 Pa, G = 50×10^9 Pa, and b = 3.12×10^-10 m, the dislocation density ρ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.2×10^14 m^-2", + "7.3×10^12 m^-2", + "42×10^9 m^-2", + "1.5×10^11 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The metal iridium has an FCC crystal structure. Given the interplanar spacing for the (220) set of planes is 0.1357 nm, what is the atomic radius for an iridium atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1357 nm", + "0.1919 nm", + "0.0960 nm", + "0.2714 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, which of the following is the possible defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO + ThO2 → CaTh'' + 2O0 + VO••", + "CaO → CaTh' + Oi''", + "2CaO → CaTh'' + Cai'' + 2O0", + "CaO + ThTh → CaTh' + Oi'' + VTh''''" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'microstructure'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic-scale arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material as determined by X-ray diffraction", + "Under certain external conditions, the collective of several different phases that constitute an alloy of a certain composition", + "The surface topography of a material observed at magnifications above 1000x using electron microscopy", + "The characteristic pattern of grain boundaries and defects visible in a polished and etched metal sample" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, what is the relationship between its slip direction and the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "At 45° angle", + "Anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Most solid-phase reactions are in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The reaction occurs at the interface between two phases", + "The reaction rate is determined by the activation energy of chemical bonds", + "The reaction rate is controlled by the slowest diffusing species", + "The reaction rate follows Arrhenius temperature dependence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cold-drawn steel wire rope was used to hoist a large workpiece into a furnace and was heated together with the workpiece to $1,000^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$. Upon completion of heating, when the workpiece was lifted out, the steel wire rope broke. What is the reason for this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cold-drawn steel's dislocation density decreased during heating, causing strength loss", + "Thermal expansion mismatch between the wire and workpiece induced fracture", + "The steel's elastic modulus dropped below critical value at high temperature", + "Carbon diffusion at 1000°C created brittle cementite layers at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a spherical embryo with radius $r$ appears in an undercooled liquid, the resulting critical nucleus radius is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "$\\sqrt{\\frac{3\\sigma}{\\Delta G_{V}}}$", + "$\\frac{2\\sigma T_{m}}{\\Delta H_{f} \\Delta T}$", + "$\\frac{-2\\sigma}{\\Delta G_{V}}$", + "$\\frac{\\sigma}{2\\Delta G_{V}}$" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When clay adsorbs different cations, the variation pattern of the green body formation rate (from small to large) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\\begin{tabular}{cc} \\hline \\sigma_{\\mathrm{fs}} (MPa) & \\mathbf{P} \\\\ \\hline 100 & 0.05 \\\\ 50 & 0.20 \\\\ \\hline \\end{tabular} \nCompute the flexural strength for a completely nonporous specimen of this material.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "138 MPa", + "112 MPa", + "126 MPa", + "89 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The vacancy formation energy (E_v) and interstitial atom formation energy (E_i) of Al are 0.76 eV and 3.0 eV, respectively. What is the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies to the equilibrium concentration of interstitial atoms in Al at 500°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.314×10^12", + "2.463×10^7", + "1.642×10^21", + "4.026×10^14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does crystal slip usually occur on the most closely packed atomic planes and directions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The most closely packed planes have the highest elastic modulus, making them more resistant to deformation", + "Slip occurs where the Burgers vector is minimized, which coincides with the most closely packed directions", + "The highest atomic density planes require the least energy for dislocation movement due to maximum interplanar spacing", + "Close-packed directions have the lowest surface energy, facilitating dislocation glide" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a magnesium single crystal is stretched along the [0001] direction, what is the deformation mode of the crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Basal slip occurs due to the lowest CRSS in this orientation", + "Prismatic slip dominates as the Schmid factor is maximized", + "Pyramidal slip becomes active to accommodate c-axis strain", + "No plastic deformation occurs, only elastic deformation until fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'phase'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A portion or region within an alloy that has the same (or continuously varying) composition, structure, and properties", + "A distinct state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) with uniform physical properties throughout", + "The angular relationship between crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline material", + "A thermodynamic state characterized by a specific free energy minimum under given conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can a material have a positive index of refraction less than unity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, in certain metamaterials with engineered negative permeability", + "No, because the phase velocity of light cannot exceed c in any material", + "Yes, in highly anisotropic crystals where the effective refractive index varies with direction", + "Yes, near absorption resonances where the real part of refractive index can dip below unity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines a Network former?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "An additive that modifies network connectivity without forming covalent bonds", + "Any oxide compound capable of forming a continuous 3D network in molten state", + "A material with coordination number ≥4 that lowers glass transition temperature", + "A substance with single bond energy ≥335kJ/mol that can form glass alone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The subgrain boundaries formed after polygonization contain π edge dislocations, and the misorientation between subgrains is 10^-3 radians. Assuming there is no interaction between dislocations before polygonization, how much energy is released after polygonization (expressed as a percentage)? (The grain boundary energy E⊥-E0θ(A-1)=β, where A is set to 0.5)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.32%", + "12.50%", + "50.00%", + "25.99%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymers, the property of polymers to change conformations is called what?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "tacticity", + "viscoelasticity", + "conformational entropy", + "flexibility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy, which of the following is the primary microconstituent that forms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ledeburite", + "proeutectoid cementite", + "pearlite", + "primary α-ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical length Lc of Al2O3 short fibers, given a diameter of 10μm, tensile strength of 2275MPa, and interfacial shear strength τy approximated by the matrix yield strength of 76MPa. The critical length Lc is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "299.3μm", + "149.7μm", + "598.6μm", + "75.0μm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the visible spectrum, a thick metal specimen will be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density decreases exponentially with annealing temperature", + "The yield strength increases linearly with grain size according to Hall-Petch relationship", + "The stacking fault energy is the primary factor determining creep resistance at high temperatures", + "The Burgers vector magnitude affects dislocation mobility but not the critical resolved shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-Fe (body-centered cubic), given the diffusion coefficient formula as D=0.0079exp[-83600/RT] cm²/s, temperature T=800°C (1073K), and gas constant R=8.314 J/(mol·K). The diffusion coefficient is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.5×10^-5 cm²/s", + "3.2×10^-6 cm²/s", + "1.1×10^-8 cm²/s", + "6.7×10^-7 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In stable ZrO2 material, cations form an fcc structure, and anions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. If 20 mol% CaO is added, what is the percentage of occupied tetrahedral interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "90%", + "80%", + "70%", + "60%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes how texture is formed in metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Texture forms when dislocations rearrange into low-energy configurations during recovery annealing, creating preferred orientations", + "Texture arises from selective grain growth during recrystallization where grains with certain orientations consume others", + "Texture develops when external stresses cause systematic rotation of crystal lattices toward stable slip directions", + "Texture results from constitutional supercooling during solidification, creating aligned dendritic structures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 96% γ and 4% Fe₃C at 800°C. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.15% C", + "0.77% C", + "4.0% C", + "0.96% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A typical paper clip weighs 0.59g and consists of BCC iron. The number of unit cells in the paper clip is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.185 × 10^21 cells", + "1.592 × 10^21 cells", + "6.370 × 10^21 cells", + "4.778 × 10^21 cells" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of these alloying elements is expected to have unlimited solid solubility in copper?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr", + "Ni", + "Zn", + "Au" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does the hardness of tempered martensite diminish with tempering time at constant temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increased carbon diffusion leads to precipitation hardening reversal at prolonged tempering times", + "The growth of cementite particles reduces phase boundary area, decreasing dislocation barrier effectiveness", + "Dislocation density decreases due to recrystallization of the ferrite matrix", + "The tetragonality of martensite gradually disappears, reducing lattice distortion hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of extended dislocations in stainless steel. Given the lattice constant of stainless steel a = 0.356 nm, shear modulus G = 10×10^6 N/cm^2, and stacking fault energy γ_I = 15×10^-6 J/m^2. The equilibrium width of extended dislocations d_0 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.36×10^-5 m", + "2.24×10^-5 m", + "5.6×10^-6 m", + "1.12×10^-5 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Direct observation of an aluminum specimen shows a dislocation density within the grains of ρ=5×10^13/m^2. If the angle between subgrains is 5°, estimate the average size of the subgrains (the lattice constant of aluminum is a=2.8×10^-10m). The average subgrain size is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.57×10^-4m", + "1.12×10^-6m", + "2.02×10^-5m", + "5.64×10^-7m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute repeat unit molecular weight for polycarbonate:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "286.33 g/mol", + "228.29 g/mol", + "254.27 g/mol", + "198.22 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress of a single crystal at room temperature is $\\tau_{\\mathfrak{c}}=7.9\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{Pa}$. If a tensile test is performed on an aluminum single crystal sample at room temperature with the tensile axis in the [123] direction, the stress required to cause the sample to yield is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.42 MPa (using Schmid factor for [111] slip system)", + "1.69 MPa", + "7.9 MPa (directly equating to critical resolved shear stress)", + "0.85 MPa (assuming FCC aluminum's theoretical shear strength)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials is impervious to light transmission?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Single-crystal silicon with (111) orientation", + "Amorphous silica glass (fused quartz)", + "Polycrystalline alumina with 99.9% purity", + "Sintered zirconia with 5% yttria stabilization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polymer materials, what is the bond between molecules (secondary bond)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hydrogen bond", + "Covalent bond", + "Van der Waals forces", + "Ionic bond" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Barium titanate is an important ferroelectric ceramic, and its crystal type is perovskite structure. What lattice does it belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cubic", + "Tetragonal", + "Orthorhombic", + "Rhombohedral" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that Cr has a body-centered cubic structure, with a lattice constant a=0.2885 nm, density ρ=7.10 g/cm³, and relative atomic mass A=51.996, what is the number of vacancies in Cr per 10⁶ lattice points?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6,300 vacancies", + "9,450 vacancies", + "15,200 vacancies", + "12,600 vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an FCC unit cell, what are the interstitial positions and their number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Octahedral sites at cell center and edge centers (4 total)", + "Tetrahedral sites formed by face centers (8 total)", + "Octahedral sites at face centers (6 total)", + "Tetrahedral sites formed by corner atoms (12 total)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can only the two components of substitutional solid solutions mutually dissolve infinitely, while interstitial solid solutions cannot?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Substitutional solutions obey Vegard's law while interstitial solutions follow different thermodynamic rules", + "Interstitial sites have limited spatial capacity that physically prevents complete dissolution of solute atoms", + "The activation energy for interstitial diffusion is too high to achieve homogeneous distribution at equilibrium", + "The atomic size mismatch in interstitial solutions causes excessive lattice strain energy that cannot be compensated by configurational entropy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.0 kg of a 99.6 wt % Fe-0.4 wt % C alloy that is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid. How many kilograms of proeutectoid ferrite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.83 kg", + "1.22 kg", + "0.98 kg", + "1.04 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 97 wt% Fe and 3 wt% Si?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "94.2 at% Fe and 5.8 at% Si", + "96.1 at% Fe and 3.9 at% Si", + "97.0 at% Fe and 3.0 at% Si", + "92.5 at% Fe and 7.5 at% Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a pre-annealed metal polycrystal, the true stress-strain curve in the plastic region can be approximately expressed as ∇σ_T= kε_T^n, where k and n are empirical constants, referred to as the strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent, respectively. If there are two materials, A and B, with roughly equal k values, but n_A=0.5 and n_B=0.2, which one has a higher dislocation density at the same plastic strain, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Material A, because higher n indicates more efficient dislocation storage", + "Material B, because lower n indicates faster dislocation accumulation", + "Both have equal dislocation density since k values are equal", + "Cannot determine without knowing the initial dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A circular specimen of MgO is loaded using a three-point bending mode. What is the minimum possible radius of the specimen without fracture, given that the applied load is 425N (95.5 lb), the flexural strength is 105 MPa (15,000 psi), and the separation between load points is 50 mm (2.0 in)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.8 mm (0.11 in)", + "3.2 mm (0.13 in)", + "5.6 mm (0.22 in)", + "4.0 mm (0.16 in)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the magnitude of the voltage generated in an Fe/Fe2+ concentration cell with Fe2+ concentrations of 0.5 M and 2 × 10^-2 M?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0414 V", + "0.0828 V", + "0.0207 V", + "0.0591 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a piece of iron is heated to $850^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and then rapidly cooled to $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, how many times should the number of vacancies increase before and after the treatment (assuming the energy required to form one mole of vacancies in iron is 104600J)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.08×10^13 times", + "1.24×10^12 times", + "0.616×10^14 times", + "2.47×10^11 times" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 65 degrees with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 30 degrees, 48 degrees, and 78 degrees with the same tensile axis. Which of these three slip directions is most favored?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 30 degrees with the tensile axis", + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 48 degrees with the tensile axis", + "the most favored slip direction is at an angle of 78 degrees with the tensile axis", + "all three slip directions are equally favored due to the high angle of the slip plane normal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the sintering process, the mass transfer method that only changes the pore shape without causing shrinkage of the green body is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "surface diffusion", + "viscous flow", + "evaporation-condensation", + "volume diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound $\\operatorname{Cd}_{1+x}0$, the lattice defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frenkel defect dominates in NaCl at room temperature", + "Schottky defect formation energy decreases with increasing ionic radius", + "In TiO2, oxygen vacancies act as n-type dopants", + "Antisite defects are more common in intermetallics than in ionic crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A carbon steel with w(C)=0.1% is carburized at 930°C, reaching a carbon concentration of 0.45% at a depth of 0.05cm. For all times t>0, the carburizing atmosphere maintains a surface composition of 1%. Assuming D=0.2×10^(-5) exp(-140000/RT)(m²/s), the carburizing time is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.5×10^3(s)", + "1.0×10^3(s)", + "5.0×10^2(s)", + "1.5×10^3(s)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fick's first law describes the characteristics of steady-state diffusion, where the concentration does not vary with .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy concentration gradient in a BCC iron single crystal at 900°C", + "The carbon concentration gradient in austenite during isothermal pearlite transformation", + "The oxygen concentration gradient across a ZrO2 electrolyte in a solid oxide fuel cell", + "The hydrogen concentration gradient in palladium during electrochemical permeation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a mixed dislocation line, what is the relationship between the direction of its slip motion and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel to both Burgers vector and dislocation line", + "Perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "At 45° to both edge and screw components", + "Coincides with the direction of maximum resolved shear stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, the direction of its cross-slip motion is __ to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45°", + "dependent on the slip plane orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For MgO, Al2O3, and Cr2O3, the cation-anion radius ratios are 0.47, 0.36, and 0.40 respectively. Is the solid solubility in the MgO-Cr2O3 system expected to be limited or unlimited? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Unlimited solubility because both oxides have oxygen as the anion", + "Unlimited solubility because the radius ratio difference (14.89%) is below 15% threshold", + "Limited solubility due to significant charge difference between Mg2+ and Cr3+", + "Limited solubility due to different crystal structures despite radius ratio similarity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an n-type semiconductor:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs shows a T^3/2 temperature dependence due to acoustic phonon scattering", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs is primarily limited by ionized impurity scattering at 300K", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs decreases with increasing temperature above room temperature", + "The electron mobility in n-type GaAs is higher than its hole mobility due to smaller effective mass" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, which one has a higher melting temperature and why? Branched polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 850,000 g/mol; linear polyethylene having a number-average molecular weight of 850,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Branched polyethylene because side chains increase molecular entanglement", + "Linear polyethylene due to higher chain mobility allowing better crystal packing", + "Both have identical melting points since molecular weights are equal", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the degree of branching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the conditions for spinodal decomposition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the alloy composition falls within the spinodal region and the temperature is below the critical point, leading to spontaneous phase separation without nucleation.", + "In a binary alloy phase diagram with a miscibility gap, the composition free energy curve has a range where ∂²G/∂x²<0, the temperature is sufficiently high for solute atoms to diffuse.", + "In any binary system where the free energy of mixing is positive, regardless of the temperature or diffusion conditions.", + "When the alloy is quenched rapidly from a high temperature to room temperature, creating a supersaturated solid solution that decomposes via spinodal mechanism." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "This ceramic outlier has the highest room-temperature thermal conductivity of about 2,000 watts per meter per kelvin, a value that is five time higher than the best thermally conductive metals.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal conductivity of graphene is primarily limited by electron-phonon scattering", + "Phonon contribution dominates thermal conductivity in pure copper at 300K", + "The Wiedemann-Franz law holds precisely for all metals at room temperature", + "In covalently bonded ceramics, thermal conductivity always increases with temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can the new dislocation generated by the dislocation reaction $$ \\frac{a}{2}[10\\overline{{{1}}}] + \\frac{a}{6}[\\overline{{{1}}}21] \\rightarrow \\frac{a}{3}[11\\overline{{{1}}}] $$ move on the slip plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the Burgers vector is parallel to the (111) slip plane", + "Yes, because the reaction product has a smaller Burgers vector magnitude", + "No, because the new dislocation is a pure edge type on a non-slip plane", + "No, because the reaction violates the Frank's rule for dislocation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Seawater, which covers the majority of the earth, is composed primarily of molecules of H_{2} \\mathrm{O} and equal numbers of \\mathrm{Na}^{+}ions and \\mathrm{Cl}^{-}ions. Suppose we have a thoroughly mixed solution (containing these species only) at 25^{\\circ} C. How many components and how many phases are in such a system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1 component, 1 phase", + "1 component, 2 phase", + "2 component, 1 phase", + "3 component, 1 phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of silicate structure does Ca2Al[AlSiO7] belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Sheet (phyllosilicate)", + "Chain (pyroxene)", + "Group (double tetrahedron)", + "Framework (tectosilicate)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Cool a melt containing MgO and Al2O3 to a certain temperature, then filter out the precipitated crystals and analyze the remaining liquid phase. It is found that the liquid phase contains 65% MgO, and the amount of liquid phase is 70% of the total system. Determine the composition of the original melt.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO 55.5%; Al2O3 44.5%", + "MgO 45.5%; Al2O3 54.5%", + "MgO 65%; Al2O3 35%", + "MgO 70%; Al2O3 30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that FCC rhodium is produced as a 1-mm thick sheet, with the (111) plane parallel to the surface of the sheet. How many (111) interplanar spacings d_{111} thick is the sheet? See Appendix A for necessary data.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.141 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "2.281 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "9.126 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings", + "4.563 × 10^6 d_{111} spacings" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The brittleness caused by prolonged exposure to temperatures above 500°C due to carbide precipitation", + "The brittleness that occurs during tempering between 250~400°C is called low-temperature temper brittleness", + "The embrittlement phenomenon occurring during cooling from austenitizing temperature due to phosphorus segregation", + "The loss of toughness resulting from tempering in the range of 450~550°C due to impurity element segregation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stored elastic strain energy in the crystal lattice", + "The reduction in dislocation density during annealing", + "The difference in internal energy between the strained and unstrained material", + "The thermodynamic instability of deformed grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At room temperature the electrical conductivity of PbS is 25 (Ω·m)^{-1}, whereas the electron and hole mobilities are 0.06 and 0.02 m^{2}/V·s, respectively. What is the intrinsic carrier concentration for PbS at room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.81 × 10^{19} m^{-3}", + "3.13 × 10^{20} m^{-3}", + "5.21 × 10^{21} m^{-3}", + "1.95 × 10^{21} m^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The effect of a stress raiser is more significant for which of the following types of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Amorphous metals under cyclic loading", + "Single-crystal superalloys at 0.6Tm", + "Nanocrystalline ceramics with grain size <50nm", + "Cold-worked austenitic stainless steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). How many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.85 kg ferrite and 0.15 kg cementite", + "0.83 kg ferrite and 0.17 kg cementite", + "0.80 kg ferrite and 0.20 kg cementite", + "0.77 kg ferrite and 0.23 kg cementite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the forgeability of HT150 and annealed 20 steel:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has better forgeability due to its higher carbon content improving hot workability", + "Annealed 20 steel has better forgeability because its lower carbon content reduces cracking risk during deformation", + "Both materials have similar forgeability as they are in annealed condition", + "HT150 cannot be forged while annealed 20 steel has moderate forgeability" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The typical steel grade of austenitic stainless steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "316H", + "304L", + "1Cr18Ni9Ti", + "AISI 440C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For pure iron carburized at $950\\mathrm{\\textperthousand}$, it is desired to achieve a carbon content of $\\mathfrak{w}{1}\\left(\\mathbb{C}\\right)=0,9\\%$ at a depth of $0.1\\mathrm{mm}$. Assuming the surface carbon content remains at $w{2}\\left(\\mathsf{C}\\right)=1.20\\%$, and the diffusion coefficient $D_{\\mathtt{Y F e}}{=}10^{{-}10}\\ensuremath{\\mathbf{m}}^{2}/\\mathbf{s},$, calculate the minimum carburization time required to meet this requirement.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "327 s", + "654 s", + "163.5 s", + "81.75 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Twinning'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning refers to the shear process in which a crystal undergoes deformation by forming twins under stress", + "Twinning is the phenomenon where two crystals grow symmetrically from a common nucleation point", + "Twinning describes the alignment of crystal lattices during solidification to minimize interfacial energy", + "Twinning occurs when dislocations rearrange to form mirror-image crystallographic planes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram, which of the following carbon contents is greater than that of cast iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.76%C (eutectoid composition)", + "1.5%C (typical tool steel composition)", + "2.11%C (maximum solubility in austenite)", + "4.3%C (eutectic composition)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary system phase diagram, if there are n boundary lines, then the number of connecting lines that can be drawn in this phase diagram is .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of connecting lines equals the number of phase regions minus one", + "The number of connecting lines is always equal to the number of boundary lines (n)", + "The number of connecting lines is determined by the Gibbs phase rule (F=C-P+2)", + "The number of connecting lines equals twice the number of invariant points" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fraction recrystallized-time data for the recrystallization at 600°C of a previously deformed steel are tabulated here. Assuming that the kinetics of this process obey the Avrami relationship, the fraction recrystallized after a total time of 22.8 min is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.42", + "0.65", + "0.51", + "0.58" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the ZrO2 solid solution, cations form an fcc structure, and O2- ions are located at tetrahedral interstitial sites. Given that 100 cations form 25 unit cells, and each unit cell has a total of 8 tetrahedral interstitial sites, what is the percentage of tetrahedral interstitial sites occupied by O2- ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50.0%", + "75.0%", + "92.9%", + "25.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As dislocation density increases, the resistance to dislocation movement", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increases linearly with dislocation density", + "Decreases due to dislocation screening effects", + "Remains constant as it depends only on Peierls stress", + "First increases then decreases beyond critical density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following elements are commonly used to improve hardenability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, B", + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, C", + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, B", + "Cr, Ni, Mn, Al, B" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by B in α-Fe and γ-Fe, its location, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: B: 0.091 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In both α-Fe and γ-Fe, B exclusively forms interstitial solid solutions at tetrahedral sites with similar solubility", + "In α-Fe, B forms a substitutional solid solution due to its relatively large size, with solubility below 0.02 mole fraction", + "In γ-Fe, B forms an interstitial solid solution at octahedral sites with solubility exceeding 0.1 mole fraction", + "B cannot form any solid solution in α-Fe due to severe lattice distortion, but dissolves interstitially in γ-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the deformation of polycrystals, under a certain amount of deformation, why do some grains exhibit single slip while others exhibit multiple slips?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hard-oriented stress axes induce multiple slips, such as <111>, <100>, <110> directions, while soft-oriented stress axes correspond to single slip, such as the <123> direction.", + "Grain boundary diffusion dominates in hard-oriented grains, leading to multiple slips, while volume diffusion controls soft-oriented grains resulting in single slip.", + "Grains with higher elastic modulus exhibit multiple slips due to increased dislocation density, while those with lower modulus show single slip.", + "The critical resolved shear stress is lower for multiple slip systems, causing hard-oriented grains to activate more slip systems simultaneously." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The following true stresses produce the corresponding true plastic strains for a brass alloy:\n\nTrue Stress (psi) | True Strain\n------------------|------------\n60,000 | 0.15\n70,000 | 0.25\n\nWhat true stress is necessary to produce a true plastic strain of 0.21?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "66,400 psi", + "65,200 psi", + "63,800 psi", + "67,600 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.02% C steel is to be carburized at 1200°C in 4h, with a point 0.6mm beneath the surface reaching 0.45% C. The carbon content required at the surface of the steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.53% C", + "0.48% C", + "0.60% C", + "0.40% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in oxides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Covalent bond with partial ionic character", + "Pure covalent bond with sp3 hybridization", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Ionic bond" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At low temperatures, the diffusion that generally occurs in solid materials is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion", + "Extrinsic diffusion", + "Vacancy-mediated diffusion", + "Interstitial diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in carbides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bond with partial covalent character", + "Pure covalent bond", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Hybrid bond with dominant ionic character" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Atomic structure refers to individual atoms whereas crystal structure refers to the periodic arrangement of unit cells", + "Atomic structure describes electron configurations while crystal structure describes atomic arrangements in solids", + "Atomic structure is about nuclear composition while crystal structure is about electron density distributions", + "Atomic structure determines chemical properties while crystal structure determines mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main phenomenon during the low-temperature recovery of cold-worked metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Partial recrystallization of deformed grains", + "Rearrangement of dislocations into low-energy configurations", + "Annihilation of excess vacancies through diffusion to grain boundaries", + "Precipitation of secondary phases at defect sites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main mass transfer mechanisms in solid-state sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary sliding controlled by creep", + "Plastic deformation via dislocation motion", + "Evaporation-condensation mass transfer", + "Surface diffusion dominated by curvature gradients" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following polymers would be suitable for the fabrication of cups to contain hot coffee?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "PET polyester (Tg = 70°C, excellent barrier properties)", + "Polycarbonate (Tg = 150°C, high optical clarity)", + "Polypropylene (Tg = -10°C, food-safe crystalline form)", + "Poly(vinyl chloride) (Tg = 85°C, rigid formulation with thermal stabilizers)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The essence of crystals is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The existence of a well-defined unit cell with translational symmetry", + "The presence of long-range atomic order and sharp diffraction peaks", + "The periodic repetition of particles in three-dimensional space", + "The minimum energy configuration of atoms in a solid state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method for refining grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding nucleating agents", + "Increasing cooling rate", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration", + "Using coarse-grained mold materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Al-Mg alloy, $x_{\\mathrm{Mg}}=0.05$, what is the mass fraction of Mg ($w_{\\mathrm{Mg}}$) in the alloy (given that the relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.31 and Al is 26.98)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0472", + "0.0500", + "0.0431", + "0.0453" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a machine tool spindle made of 40Cr steel, the core requires good strength and toughness (200-300HB), while the journal needs to be hard and wear-resistant (HRC54-58). What preparatory heat treatment should be selected?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Normalizing + surface induction hardening", + "Quenching + high-temperature tempering (tempered sorbite)", + "Full annealing + carburizing", + "Austempering to obtain bainite structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are reasons why fiberglass-reinforced composites are used extensively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermal expansion coefficient of fiberglass composites perfectly matches most metal substrates", + "Glass fibers exhibit superior creep resistance compared to carbon fibers at elevated temperatures", + "Fiberglass-reinforced composites demonstrate higher specific stiffness than aluminum alloys", + "The interfacial bonding strength between glass fibers and polymer matrices exceeds that of carbon fiber composites" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic weight of iron is 55.84, its density is 7.3g/cm³, its melting point is 1593°C, its heat of fusion is 11495J/mol, and the solid-liquid interface energy is 2.04×10⁻⁵J/cm². What is the critical nucleus size at an undercooling of 10°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.7×10⁻⁷ m", + "3.6×10⁻⁷ m", + "9.2×10⁻⁸ m", + "1.8×10⁻⁷ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The elasticity of a polymer is related to which temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where storage modulus equals loss modulus (tan δ=1)", + "The onset temperature of rubbery plateau in DMA measurements", + "The temperature at which polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation", + "The midpoint temperature of glass transition measured by DSC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the migration of particles caused by intrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Vacancies generated by intrinsic thermal defects", + "Interstitial atoms moving through crystal lattice", + "Grain boundary sliding under stress", + "Dislocation climb due to applied shear" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In face-centered cubic crystals, the partial dislocation caused by (6)__ is called the Shockley partial dislocation", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Burgers vector dissociation", + "lattice distortion", + "stacking fault energy", + "non-uniform slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell edge lengths?\n\na=b ≠ c", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tetragonal only", + "Hexagonal only", + "Both tetragonal and hexagonal", + "Tetragonal and rhombohedral" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What effect does a smooth interface have on crystal growth modes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous growth dominates due to reduced interfacial energy barrier", + "Lateral growth occurs, including two-dimensional nucleation growth and screw dislocation growth", + "Dendritic growth becomes predominant to maximize surface area", + "Layer-by-layer growth is suppressed due to insufficient atomic mobility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the composition and amount of each phase present at 728 degrees C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 6.4%; gamma: 0.77% C, 93.6%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17.2%; gamma: 0.77% C, 82.8%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 3.8%; gamma: 0.77% C, 96.2%", + "Fe3C: 6.67% C, 12.1%; gamma: 0.77% C, 87.9%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of deformation amount on metal properties under uniaxial compression?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation density decreases leading to improved electrical conductivity", + "Both hardness and ductility increase proportionally with deformation", + "Yield strength increases while fracture toughness remains constant", + "Strain hardening occurs but the effect saturates at 5% deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly states the Pauli exclusion principle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that electrons preferentially occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical quantum numbers", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy levels", + "The Pauli exclusion principle states that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to conditions of occurrence?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning requires lower stress levels than slip due to its cooperative atomic movement mechanism", + "Slip occurs preferentially in BCC metals while twinning dominates in FCC metals at room temperature", + "Twinning produces larger strain increments per deformation event compared to slip", + "Slip systems activation depends solely on the Schmid factor while twinning requires additional energy considerations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two batches of industrial pure aluminum samples were rolled with the same deformation amount on June 5 and June 9, respectively, and then subjected to recrystallization annealing simultaneously on the 9th. The experiment found that for the same annealing time, the temperatures required to complete recrystallization were different for the two batches of samples. Which batch has a higher recrystallization temperature, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The June 5 sample has higher recrystallization temperature due to partial recovery during storage", + "The June 9 sample has higher recrystallization temperature because it has more stored deformation energy", + "Both samples have the same recrystallization temperature since deformation amount was identical", + "The June 5 sample has lower recrystallization temperature due to natural aging effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two poly(methyl methacrylate) materials are as follows:\n\nTensile Strength (MPa) | Number-Average Molecular Weight (g/mol)\n--------------------------------|--------------------------------\n50 | 30,000\n150 | 50,000\n\nEstimate the tensile strength at a number-average molecular weight of 40,000 g/mol:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "125 MPa (assuming exponential relationship)", + "100 MPa (linear interpolation ignoring polymer physics)", + "112.5 MPa", + "75 MPa (confusing with yield strength)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vacancy formation energy of aluminum is 0.76 eV/vacancy, and the lattice constant of aluminum at 25°C is 0.405 nm, at what temperature will the vacancy concentration in aluminum be 1000 times that at 25°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "362K", + "298K", + "527K", + "434K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of a palladium (Pd) atom, given that Pd has an FCC crystal structure, a density of 12.0g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 106.4g/mol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.152nm", + "0.144nm", + "0.125nm", + "0.138nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does cast iron with a chemical composition of 'three lows' (low carbon, silicon, and manganese content) and 'one high' (high sulfur content) tend to form white iron during production?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high sulfur content preferentially combines with manganese to form MnS inclusions, reducing free manganese available to counteract sulfur's graphitization inhibition", + "Low carbon content decreases the driving force for graphite nucleation while high sulfur increases the interfacial energy between graphite and melt", + "Silicon deficiency prevents the breakdown of cementite into graphite, while sulfur stabilizes the metastable cementite phase", + "The combined effect of reduced graphitization promoters (C, Si) and enhanced inhibitor (S) shifts the critical cooling rate below the actual cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture helicopter propeller blades?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al-Li alloy with Zr microalloying", + "Ti-6Al-4V alloy with controlled crystallographic texture", + "Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking ordered structure", + "Ni-based superalloy with γ' phase precipitation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the density of fully crystalline polyethylene (PE) is 1.01 g/cm³ and that of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is 0.96 g/cm³, what is the size of the 'free space' in HDPE?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.96 cm³/g", + "0.048 cm³/g", + "0.052 cm³/g", + "0.05 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main purpose of normalizing 20 steel gears?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increase surface hardness", + "improve machinability", + "enhance corrosion resistance", + "reduce residual stresses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Ca0 is doped into ZrO2, where Ca2+ ions replace Zr4+ ions, due to the requirement of electrical neutrality, this substitution simultaneously creates a (9) defect, which can be represented by the (10) defect reaction equation. Which of the following correctly fills in (9) and (10)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "interstitial; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+Oi..", + "vacancy; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+V0..+ O0", + "vacancy; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+VO..+ O0", + "interstitial; CaO→ZrO2CaZr′′+VZr....+ O0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals have basic properties such as:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Symmetry; Crystallographic defects; Anisotropy; Self-confinement", + "Symmetry; Isotropy; Long-range order; Minimal surface energy", + "Symmetry; Crystallographic homogeneity; Elastic modulus; Self-confinement", + "Symmetry; Crystallographic homogeneity; Anisotropy; Self-confinement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that liquid pure nickel undergoes homogeneous nucleation at an undercooling of 319°C under 1.013×10^5 Pa (1 atm). Given the critical nucleus radius as 1 nm, the melting point of pure nickel as 1726 K, the heat of fusion Lm = 18075 J/mol, and the molar volume V = 6.6 cm^3/mol, the liquid-solid interfacial energy for pure nickel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.253 J/m²", + "0.319 J/m²", + "0.1726 J/m²", + "0.18075 J/m²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two polyethylene materials are as follows:\n\nTensile Strength (MPa) | Number-Average Molecular Weight (g/mol)\n--------------------------------|---------------------------------------\n90 | 20,000\n180 | 40,000\n\nEstimate the number-average molecular weight that is required to give a tensile strength of 140 MPa:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27,700 g/mol", + "31,100 g/mol (linear interpolation)", + "35,000 g/mol (assuming exponential relationship)", + "22,500 g/mol (inverse proportion assumption)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the modulus of elasticity for spinel (MgAl2O4) having 5 vol% porosity is 240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi), what is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi)", + "252 GPa (36.5 x 10^6 psi)", + "265 GPa (38.6 x 10^6 psi)", + "228 GPa (33 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is carburization chosen in γ-Fe around 930‰, where the diffusion coefficient increases with carbon content?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher carbon concentration creates more vacancies that enhance diffusion", + "The increasing carbon content reduces the activation energy for diffusion in γ-Fe", + "Carbon atoms preferentially occupy interstitial sites that lower the energy barrier", + "The austenite phase has higher solubility limit for carbon than ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the <100> direction of iron (bcc, a=0.286nm), what is the linear density of atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.50×10^6 atoms/mm", + "1.75×10^6 atoms/mm", + "7.00×10^6 atoms/mm", + "4.95×10^6 atoms/mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electronegativity difference <15%", + "Crystal structure compatibility", + "Atomic radius difference <5%", + "All of the above" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The melt viscosity is 10^7 Pa·s at 727°C and 10^3 Pa·s at 1156°C. At what temperature will it be 10^6 Pa·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1024°C", + "927°C", + "808.5°C", + "689°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ferritic stainless steel is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1Cr17", + "304", + "316L", + "430F" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of Cu at 4.6%, after solution treatment at 550°C, the α phase contains x(Cu)=2%. When reheated to 100°C and held for a period, the precipitated θ phase spreads throughout the entire alloy volume. The θ phase has an fcc structure with r=0.143nm, and the average spacing between θ particles is 5nm. If the Cu atoms in the α phase can be neglected after θ precipitation, how many Cu atoms does each θ particle contain?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "151.6 atoms/particle", + "75.8 atoms/particle", + "303.2 atoms/particle", + "227.4 atoms/particle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "586°C (1087°F)", + "425°C (797°F)", + "720°C (1328°F)", + "350°C (662°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Indium (In) has a tetragonal unit cell for which the a and c lattice parameters are 0.459 and 0.495 nm, respectively. If the atomic packing factor and atomic radius are 0.693 and 0.1625 nm, respectively, determine the number of atoms in each unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.0 atoms/unit cell", + "2.0 atoms/unit cell", + "6.0 atoms/unit cell", + "8.0 atoms/unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an alloy has β-phase precipitates with a spacing of 50 nm after heat treatment, what is the total area of α/β interfaces per cubic meter (assuming the precipitates are cubes)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.0×10^7 m^2", + "1.2×10^8 m^2", + "2.4×10^8 m^2", + "3.0×10^7 m^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions is activation polarization rate controlling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Under high temperature conditions where thermal activation dominates", + "When the diffusion rate is significantly slower than the charge transfer rate", + "When the reaction rate is low and/or the concentration of active species in the liquid solution is high", + "When the electrolyte concentration is below 0.1M and the current density is high" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the equivalent time required to achieve the same carburization depth at 1000°C (1273K) as 10 hours at 900°C (1173K), given Q=32900 cal/mol and R=1.987 cal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.214 h", + "1.832 h", + "5.647 h", + "3.299 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the crystal growth morphology related to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Surface energy anisotropy", + "Bulk modulus", + "Interface structure", + "Dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, the direction of its slip motion is _ to the Burgers vector", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "parallel", + "perpendicular", + "at 45° angle", + "anti-parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict the strength σLu of a β-SiC whisker-reinforced composite with a volume fraction φf=0.1, given the average fiber stress σf=5320MPa and the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "76MPa", + "532MPa", + "539.6MPa", + "700MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Typical ingot structure usually has:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Peripheral columnar crystal zone", + "Central equiaxed crystal zone", + "Uniform dendritic structure throughout", + "Amorphous surface layer" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the lattice shear during bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bainitic transformation involves higher lattice shear than martensitic due to its intermediate transformation temperature", + "All three transformations involve lattice shear, with martensitic showing the highest shear strain", + "Only martensitic transformation involves lattice shear, while pearlitic and bainitic are diffusion-controlled with no shear", + "Pearlitic transformation involves no lattice shear, while bainitic transformation and martensitic transformation involve lattice shear" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Fe_xO, Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}=0.1, what is the value of x in Fe_xO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.9478", + "0.9565", + "0.9652", + "0.9357" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy for the diffusion of carbon in chromium is 111,000 J/mol. Given that the diffusion coefficient at 1400 K is 6.25 × 10^{-11} m²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1100 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2 × 10^{-11} m²/s", + "4.6 × 10^{-12} m²/s", + "6.25 × 10^{-12} m²/s", + "3.8 × 10^{-13} m²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.15% C steel is to be carburized at 1100°C, giving 0.35% C at a distance of 1mm beneath the surface. If the surface composition is maintained at 0.90% C, what time is required?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "51 min", + "32 min", + "89 min", + "127 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the second essential reason for the high hardness of martensite: the solid solution strengthening mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The rapid quenching process creates nanoscale precipitates that provide Orowan strengthening", + "The tetragonal distortion of the crystal lattice due to carbon supersaturation directly increases the elastic modulus of martensite", + "The high dislocation density in martensite creates strong barriers to dislocation motion, which is the primary contributor to its hardness", + "The complete absence of grain boundaries in martensite eliminates weak points for crack propagation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the volume fraction φ_Fe3C of the Fe3C phase in 40 steel, given the mass fraction of carbon w_c=0.004.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.12", + "0.06", + "0.03", + "0.09" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 6 at% Pb and 94 at% Sn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.0 wt% Pb, 94.0 wt% Sn", + "10.0 wt% Pb, 90.0 wt% Sn", + "15.2 wt% Pb, 84.8 wt% Sn", + "3.5 wt% Pb, 96.5 wt% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In which temperature range does grain boundary diffusion dominate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only at cryogenic temperatures (<100K)", + "Between 0.3-0.5Tm", + "Above 0.5Tm", + "Below 0.3Tm (where Tm is absolute melting temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of 2% Cu is rapidly cooled from 520°C to 27°C and held for 3 hours, forming G.P. zones with an average spacing of 1.5×10^-6 cm. Given that the diffusion coefficient of Cu in Al at 27°C is D=2.3×10^-25 cm²/s, and assuming the process is diffusion-controlled, estimate the quenched vacancy concentration of the alloy.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.069×10^-6", + "4.035×10^-6", + "1.613×10^-5", + "2.3×10^-25" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the oxygen partial pressure is increased, what changes will occur in the density of Zn1+xO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The density decreases due to reduction of zinc interstitial defects", + "The density increases as oxygen vacancies are filled by additional oxygen", + "The density remains constant because ZnO is a stoichiometric compound", + "The density first increases then decreases due to competing defect mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A heat-treated part is made of 55 steel with an effective thickness of 10 mm, requiring a quenched and tempered hardness of HRC 32-37. Using oil quenching and tempering can also achieve the hardness specified in the drawing. Analyze whether this treatment method is reasonable.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The method is reasonable because oil quenching achieves the specified hardness range with better dimensional stability than water quenching", + "The method is reasonable since the hardness requirement is relatively low and oil quenching can prevent excessive distortion", + "The method is not reasonable because oil quenching will produce pearlite instead of martensite, compromising mechanical properties despite meeting hardness requirements", + "The method is not reasonable because 55 steel requires water quenching to achieve full hardness before tempering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the lattice constant of the alloy solid solution changes linearly with the increase of Zn atoms, and given the atomic radii of Cu and Zn are r_Cu=0.128nm and r_Zn=0.133nm respectively, what is the average atomic radius r of the alloy with x_Zn=3%?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1285 nm", + "0.1282 nm", + "0.1330 nm", + "0.1305 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is pseudoeutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The eutectic structure obtained from an alloy of non-eutectic composition", + "A metastable eutectic phase formed during rapid solidification", + "A eutectic-like structure formed in hypereutectic alloys", + "An apparent eutectic point created by overlapping phase diagrams" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the bubble density in tungsten wire increases from 100/cm² to 400/cm², the tensile strength can approximately double, because bubbles can hinder dislocation motion. Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism by which bubbles impede dislocation motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mechanism by which bubbles hinder dislocation motion is that when dislocations pass through bubbles, they cut the bubbles, increasing the area of the bubble-metal interface. This requires additional external shear stress to perform work, thereby enhancing the strength of tungsten metal.", + "Bubbles act as pinning points that physically block dislocation motion through elastic strain field interactions, similar to how precipitates strengthen alloys through Orowan bowing mechanism.", + "The increased bubble density reduces the mean free path of electrons, which indirectly affects dislocation mobility through changes in the Fermi surface and electronic drag effects.", + "Bubbles create compressive stress fields that repel dislocations through long-range elastic interactions, analogous to the strengthening mechanism in misfit-hardened alloys." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "CeO2 has a fluorite structure. When 15 mol% CaO is added to form a solid solution, the measured density of the solid solution is d = 7.01 g/cm³, and the unit cell parameter is a = 0.5417 nm. Determine which type of solid solution is formed.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vacancy solid solution is formed, with oxygen vacancies compensating for charge imbalance", + "A substitutional solid solution is formed, with Ca²⁺ substituting for Ce⁴⁺", + "An interstitial solid solution is formed, with interstitial Ca²⁺ ions present", + "A complex defect cluster solution is formed, with both cation substitution and anion vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is not graphitized, what type of cast iron structure is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+G (graphite)", + "F+P (ferrite + pearlite)", + "P (pearlite)", + "F+G (ferrite + graphite)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the probability of annealing twin formation and the stacking fault energy of the crystal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning and slip always occur simultaneously in all crystal structures", + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism in FCC metals at room temperature", + "The twinning stress in HCP metals is inversely proportional to the c/a ratio", + "The critical resolved shear stress for twinning decreases with increasing temperature in BCC metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After metal undergoes cold plastic deformation, this phenomenon is called deformation strengthening or:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "dislocation strengthening", + "strain hardening", + "work hardening", + "cold working" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mass per unit volume of a material including all voids and porosity", + "The ratio of the volume occupied by atoms in a unit cell to the volume of the unit cell", + "The packing efficiency of atoms in a crystalline lattice structure", + "The theoretical maximum mass per unit volume achievable for a given atomic arrangement" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, what is the lattice parameter for CsBr?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.512 Å (incorrectly applying NaCl structure calculation)", + "4.286 Å (using ionic radii sum without considering coordination number effects)", + "3.721 Å (confusing with CsCl lattice parameter)", + "4.1916 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Pseudo-eutectoid的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pseudo-eutectoid refers to the formation of metastable phases during rapid solidification of hypereutectic alloys", + "Pseudo-eutectoid structures form when non-equilibrium cooling causes near-eutectoid alloys to fully transform into eutectoid microstructure", + "Pseudo-eutectoid is observed when pearlite forms in hypoeutectoid steels due to incomplete diffusion", + "Pseudo-eutectoid describes the co-existence of proeutectoid ferrite and cementite in hypereutectoid steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When measuring the decomposition rate of alumina monohydrate, it was found that during the isothermal reaction, the mass loss increased linearly with time up to about 50%, and the rate of mass loss was less than the linear law when exceeding 50%. The rate increases exponentially with temperature. Is this a diffusion-controlled reaction or an interface first-order reaction-controlled reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed control mechanism with both diffusion and reaction components", + "Interface first-order reaction-controlled reaction", + "Diffusion-controlled reaction", + "Surface nucleation-controlled reaction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 6 mol% of MgO is added to the UO2 lattice to form a substitutional solid solution, which of the following is the correct defect reaction equation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+O0+VO∗∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+O0+V0∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+Oi′′+VO∗∗", + "MgO→UO2Mg0′′+Oi′′+V0∗" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do primitive, face-centered, and body-centered lattices exist in the cubic system, but not base-centered lattices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The packing fraction of base-centered cubic would exceed the theoretical maximum", + "Base-centered arrangement would destroy the cubic unit cell's equal edge lengths", + "Base-centering is mathematically equivalent to face-centering in cubic systems", + "Base-centered cubic violates the minimum symmetry requirement of four 3-fold rotation axes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of extrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion coefficient for extrinsic diffusion follows an Arrhenius relationship with the same slope as intrinsic diffusion.", + "Extrinsic diffusion has higher activation energy than intrinsic diffusion due to additional vacancy formation energy.", + "Extrinsic diffusion shows temperature-independent behavior because it is controlled by fixed impurity concentrations.", + "The activation energy of extrinsic diffusion only includes the energy of particle migration, and extrinsic diffusion dominates at low temperatures." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose one Schottky defect is present in every tenth unit cell of MgO. MgO has the sodium chloride crystal structure and a lattice parameter of 0.396 nm. The density of the ceramic is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.512 g/cm^3", + "3.978 g/cm^3", + "4.205 g/cm^3", + "3.650 g/cm^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A subgrain boundary is composed of $n$ edge dislocations with a misorientation of $0.057^{\\circ}$. Assuming there is no interaction between the dislocations before forming the subgrain boundary, by what factor does the distortion energy change after forming the subgrain boundary (given $R{=}10^{-4}$, $r_{0}=b=10^{-8}$; after forming the subgrain boundary, $$ R=D\\approx{\\frac{b}{\\theta}})?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.57 times the original value", + "1.33 times the original value", + "0.75 times the original value", + "Equal to the original value" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The shear modulus of Ni is G=75 GPa, and the intrinsic stacking fault energy is γ=150 mJ/m². What is the equilibrium width of dislocation extension?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.010×10⁻⁹ m", + "2.257×10⁻⁹ m", + "0.753×10⁻⁹ m", + "1.505×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and the next nearest Cl− ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.564nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.390nm", + "0.482nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the diffusivity of oxygen gas by decreasing the contact lens porosity likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because decreasing porosity reduces diffusion path tortuosity, increasing effective diffusivity", + "No, because oxygen diffusivity in polymers is primarily determined by free volume, not porosity", + "Yes, because lower porosity means more direct pathways for oxygen molecules to travel through", + "No, because increased porosity creates more void spaces that facilitate faster oxygen transport" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly contrasts the mechanical characteristics of matrix and dispersed phases for fiber-reinforced composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The matrix phase dominates thermal conductivity properties, whereas fibers control the electrical conductivity", + "Matrix materials typically have higher fracture toughness than fibers, but fibers compensate with superior fatigue resistance", + "While the matrix provides most of the composite's stiffness, fibers contribute primarily to impact resistance", + "The matrix phase exhibits high toughness but low yield strength, while fibers show high tensile strength but poor creep resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the path of atomic diffusion, which of the following are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bulk diffusion and vacancy diffusion", + "Grain boundary diffusion and interstitial diffusion", + "Dislocation diffusion and surface diffusion", + "All of the above (A+B+C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When kaolinite clay [Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4] is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, chemical water is driven off. Under these circumstances, what is the composition of the remaining product (in weight percent Al2O3)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "52.3% Al2O3 by weight (assuming complete SiO2 loss)", + "39.5% Al2O3 by weight (neglecting OH group mass loss)", + "45.9% Al2O3 by weight", + "48.7% Al2O3 by weight (based on typical metakaolin composition)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When bending a tin plate (with a melting point of 232°C) back and forth at room temperature, what phenomenon will occur as the bending proceeds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Localized melting occurs at grain boundaries due to frictional heating", + "Dislocation pile-up leads to rapid work hardening and fracture after few cycles", + "Dynamic recrystallization occurs in the Sn plate, allowing it to be bent for an extended period", + "Phase transformation from β-Sn to α-Sn occurs at the bending zone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose elements A and B can form a simple cubic lattice solid solution with a lattice constant α=0.3nm. If the jump frequencies of A and B atoms are 10⁻¹⁰s⁻¹ and 10⁻⁹s⁻¹, respectively, and the concentration gradient is 10³² atoms/m⁴, what is the flux of B atoms across the marker interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-1.5×10³ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-1.5×10⁵ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-3.0×10³ atoms/(m²·s)", + "-3.0×10⁵ atoms/(m²·s)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a Frenkel defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A localized lattice distortion caused by substitutional impurity atoms", + "A vacancy-interstitial pair in ionic crystals caused by charge neutrality requirements", + "The simultaneous creation of a cation vacancy and anion vacancy to maintain stoichiometry", + "The displacement of an atom to an interstitial site in the crystal lattice" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al2O3 specimen with a circular cross-section in a three-point bending test, the cross-sectional radius r=3.5mm, the span between the two supports is 50mm, and it fractures under a load of 950N. What is the fracture strength σfs of the material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "352.6 MPa", + "176.3 MPa", + "705.2 MPa", + "1410.4 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on microstructural analysis, the volume of graphite in a gray cast iron accounts for 12%, and the volume of ferrite accounts for 88%. Determine the value of ωC (given that the density of graphite ρG=2.2 g/cm³, and the density of ferrite ρα=7.8 g/cm³).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.028", + "0.042", + "0.037", + "0.051" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some ceramic materials, why does the thermal conductivity first decrease and then increase with rising temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The initial decrease occurs because of thermal expansion reducing atomic packing, while the increase results from phase transformation to a more conductive crystalline structure", + "The initial decrease is caused by reduced electron mobility, while the increase at higher temperatures is due to enhanced ionic conduction", + "The initial decrease is due to increased phonon scattering, while the subsequent increase results from significant radiative heat transfer through pores at higher temperatures", + "The initial decrease is due to decreased mean free path of phonons, while the increase is caused by thermally activated defect annihilation improving crystallinity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the solid-state phase transformation, assuming the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}$ and growth rate $G$ are constants, the volume fraction of the new phase formed after time $t$ can be obtained using the Johnson-Mehl equation, i.e., $$ \\begin{array}{r}{\\varphi=1-\\exp\\left(-\\frac{\\pi}{3}\\dot{N}G^{3}t^{4}\\right)}\\end{array}$$ Given the nucleation rate $\\dot{N}=1~000/(\\mathrm{cm}^{3}\\bullet\\mathrm{s}),G=3\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{cm/s},$ what is the time required to achieve a $50\\%$ transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.37 × 10^-3 s", + "1.25 × 10^4 s", + "395 s", + "7.94 × 10^5 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some hypothetical alloy is composed of 25 wt% of metal A and 75 wt% of metal B. If the densities of metals A and B are 6.17 and 8.00g / {cm}^{3}, respectively, and their respective atomic weights are 171.3 and 162.0g / mol, and a unit cell edge length of 0.332nm is assumed, the crystal structure for this alloy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "simple cubic", + "face-centered cubic", + "body-centered cubic", + "hexagonal close-packed" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the positive direction of a dislocation line is defined as the original opposite direction, what will happen to the Burgers vector of this dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector magnitude will double", + "The Burgers vector will reverse its direction", + "The Burgers vector will remain unchanged", + "The Burgers vector will rotate by 90 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 0.93 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.07 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.85 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.15 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.97 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.03 kg", + "Pearlite: 0.89 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.11 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of the most densely packed plane in a BCC crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.9069", + "0.8332", + "0.6802", + "0.7405" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following oxides is expected to have the largest solid solubility in \\mathrm{Al}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The oxide with the closest ionic radius to Al³⁺", + "The oxide with the same crystal structure as Al₂O₃", + "The oxide forming the most stable ternary phase with Al₂O₃", + "The oxide with the highest melting point in the series" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the law of rational indices, the coordinate axes in a crystal structure should be selected in the direction of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The direction with the highest atomic packing density", + "The direction perpendicular to cleavage planes", + "The direction parallel to Burgers vectors", + "The direction of maximum thermal conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the characteristics of pore changes during secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pores are encapsulated within the grains", + "Pores migrate to grain boundaries and coalesce", + "Pores undergo Ostwald ripening and disappear", + "Pores transform into dislocation loops" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a simple cubic lattice solid solution with a lattice constant α=0.3nm, the flux of A atoms J_A = -1.5×10² atoms/(m²·s), and the flux of B atoms J_B = -1.5×10³ atoms/(m²·s), what is the marker plane velocity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.86×10⁻²⁵ m/s", + "1.62×10⁻¹⁰ m/s", + "3.24×10⁻¹⁰ m/s", + "2.43×10⁻²⁵ m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electrical conductivity of an extrinsic semiconductor is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Directly proportional to the square root of dopant concentration", + "Inversely proportional to the mobility of minority carriers", + "Primarily determined by the intrinsic carrier concentration", + "Independent of temperature above 300K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements is true regarding thermoplastics with a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and 'work hardening' after deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening only occurs in thermoplastics with Tg above their service temperature", + "Lower Tg thermoplastics cannot work harden as they remain in the rubbery state at room temperature", + "Thermoplastics with a lower Tg will exhibit work hardening due to molecular chain alignment under deformation", + "The degree of work hardening is inversely proportional to the difference between Tg and deformation temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the types of material bonding affect the mechanical properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds generally result in higher hardness than covalent bonds due to their delocalized electron structure", + "Ionic bonded materials exhibit superior plasticity compared to metallic bonded materials because of their symmetrical crystal structure", + "Van der Waals bonding leads to higher elastic modulus than metallic bonding in crystalline materials", + "Covalent bonding typically produces materials with lower strength than molecular bonding due to weaker bond energies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size number of 8, the number of grains per square inch with no magnification is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.4 × 10^5 grains/in.^2", + "2.56 × 10^6 grains/in.^2", + "1.28 × 10^6 grains/in.^2", + "3.2 × 10^5 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation spacing of a Ni crystal is 2000 nm. Assuming each dislocation is caused by an additional (110) atomic plane, the θ angle of the small-angle grain boundary is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.007139054°", + "0.003569527°", + "0.002500000°", + "0.005000000°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ternary system during diffusion, can a three-phase coexistence region appear within the diffusion layer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, if the system has a miscibility gap in the phase diagram", + "No, because the diffusion path must follow a continuous composition gradient", + "Yes, when the interdiffusion coefficients satisfy D_AB = D_AC = D_BC", + "No, unless the system reaches local equilibrium at each point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Cu's ka (λ=0.1542 nm), the first line of Cr's X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured at 2θ=64.6°. If the lattice constant a of (bcc) Cr is 0.2885 nm, what are the Miller indices corresponding to these spectral lines?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(211)", + "(110)", + "(200), (020), or (002)", + "(111)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A force of 20,000 N will cause a 1 cm × 1 cm bar of magnesium to stretch from 10 cm to 10.045 cm. The modulus of elasticity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "22.2 GPa", + "88.8 GPa", + "44.4 GPa", + "66.6 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between functionality and the structural morphology of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Functionality determines the degree of branching but has no effect on crystallinity", + "Higher functionality monomers always lead to higher tensile strength regardless of polymerization conditions", + "Bifunctional monomers can form crosslinked networks when heated above their glass transition temperature", + "Tetrafunctional monomers produce linear polymers with alternating rigid and flexible segments" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for beryllium oxide (BeO) having 5 vol% porosity is 310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi). What is the modulus of elasticity for the nonporous material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "295 GPa (42.8 x 10^6 psi)", + "310 GPa (45 x 10^6 psi)", + "326 GPa (47.3 x 10^6 psi)", + "342 GPa (49.6 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the clay mineral kaolinite (Al2O3•2SiO2•2H2O) is heated to 600°C, it decomposes into water vapor and Al2O3•2SiO2. What happens when it is further heated to 1595°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A3S2 is formed", + "Mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2) crystallizes", + "Complete decomposition into Al2O3 and SiO2 occurs", + "Metastable γ-Al2O3 phase appears" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of an extended dislocation in Al. Given the lattice constant of Al a = 0.404 nm, shear modulus G = 3×10^6 N/cm^2, and stacking fault energy γ_I = 166×10^-6 J/m^2. The equilibrium width is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.91×10^-7 m", + "1.23×10^-7 m", + "7.82×10^-7 m", + "2.45×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, what are the compositions of the α phase and γ phase in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999; γ: wC=0.0046, wFe=0.9954", + "α: wC=0.002, wFe=0.998; γ: wC=0.002, wFe=0.998", + "α: wC=0.0046, wFe=0.9954; γ: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999", + "α: wC=0.0001, wFe=0.9999; γ: wC=0.022, wFe=0.978" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assume there is an edge dislocation with Burgers vector b in the [0-10] direction gliding along the (100) plane. If another edge dislocation with Burgers vector in the [010] direction moves through the (001) plane, will this dislocation form a kink or a jog when passing through the aforementioned dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both kink and jog", + "Jog", + "Kink", + "Neither, they will annihilate each other" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the temperature range and alias of the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "250-400°C, also known as blue brittleness", + "450-650°C, also known as reversible temper brittleness", + "250-400°C, also known as low-temperature temper brittleness", + "500-700°C, also known as irreversible temper brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum mass fraction of proeutectoid cementite possible for a hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.067", + "0.021", + "0.232", + "0.117" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For spherical Al2O3 particles with a diameter of 1μm surrounded by excess MgO particles, the formation of spinel is observed. At a constant temperature, 20% of the Al2O3 reacts in the first hour. Using the Jander equation, calculate the time required for complete reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "194.62 h", + "25.00 h", + "5.00 h", + "100.00 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a spherical embryo with radius r appears in an undercooled liquid, what is the critical nucleus radius?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3σ/2ΔGv", + "2σ/ΔGv", + "√(3σ/ΔGv)", + "-2σ/ΔGv" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Point out the correct way to produce a batch of sand castings with significant thickness variations and require uniform grain size:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding grain refiners to the entire melt before pouring", + "Using directional solidification with controlled heat extraction rates", + "Maintaining constant cooling rate throughout all sections", + "Applying ultrasonic vibration during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the microscopic mechanisms of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal vibration and vacancy migration", + "Fick's first and second laws", + "Grain boundary sliding and dislocation climb", + "Interstitial and substitutional mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "FCC lead has a lattice parameter of 0.4949 nm and contains one vacancy per 500 Pb atoms. The number of vacancies per gram of Pb is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.16 × 10^19 vacancies/g", + "5.82 × 10^18 vacancies/g", + "2.91 × 10^18 vacancies/g", + "3.49 × 10^18 vacancies/g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure, a c/a ratio of 1.624, and a density of 1.74 g/cm³. What is the atomic radius for Mg?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.160 nm", + "0.144 nm", + "0.172 nm", + "0.152 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bonding would be expected for bronze?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed metallic-covalent", + "Ionic", + "Covalent", + "Metallic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of alloying elements in bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In pearlitic transformation, alloying elements are redistributed through diffusion, while in bainitic transformation and martensitic transformation, alloying elements do not diffuse", + "All three transformations involve complete diffusion of alloying elements to achieve equilibrium composition", + "Only martensitic transformation shows complete solute trapping with no diffusion, while pearlite and bainite both involve partial diffusion", + "Bainitic transformation exhibits the most extensive alloy element redistribution due to its intermediate transformation temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "BCC lithium has a lattice parameter of 3.5089 × 10^-8 cm and contains one vacancy per 200 unit cells. The density of Li is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.532 g/cm³", + "0.541 g/cm³", + "0.515 g/cm³", + "0.508 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distinction between dye and pigment colorants?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dyes chemically bond to the substrate while pigments physically adhere to the surface", + "Dyes are organic compounds whereas pigments are always inorganic materials", + "Dyes dissolve within and become part of the polymer structure, while pigments remain as a separate phase", + "Pigments provide better color fastness than dyes in all application scenarios" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity of SiO2 melt is 10^14 Pa·s at 1000°C and 10^7 Pa·s at 1400°C. What is the activation energy for viscous flow of SiO2 glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "485.2 kJ/mol", + "713.5 kJ/mol", + "327.8 kJ/mol", + "1024.6 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Cu alloy with an atomic fraction of Cu at 4.6% undergoes solution treatment at 550°C, resulting in the α phase containing x(Cu)=2%. After reheating to 100°C and holding for a period, θ phase precipitates uniformly throughout the alloy volume. The θ phase has an fcc structure with r=0.143 nm, and the average spacing between θ particles is 5 nm. Calculate the number of θ phase particles per cm³ in the alloy.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.6×10¹⁹ particles/cm³", + "4×10¹⁸ particles/cm³", + "2×10¹⁹ particles/cm³", + "8×10¹⁸ particles/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The following table gives a number of yield strength values (in MPa) that were measured on the same aluminum alloy. What are the average and standard deviation yield strength values?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "269.1 MPa ± 5.97 MPa", + "267.2 MPa ± 6.89 MPa", + "263.5 MPa ± 8.12 MPa", + "265.9 MPa ± 7.34 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of Babbitt alloy in terms of lubrication principle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It exhibits solid lubrication properties due to the low shear strength of tin crystals in its microstructure", + "It belongs to friction under the lubricating film, relying on the lubricating film formed between the shaft and the bearing bush to reduce friction", + "It functions through hydrodynamic lubrication where the rotating shaft creates a pressurized oil film", + "It operates on boundary lubrication principles where direct metal-to-metal contact occurs through protective oxide layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Comment on the possibility of classical nucleation given that the dislocation density of heavily worked metallic materials is approximately 10^15 m^-2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Classical nucleation remains unaffected as dislocations primarily influence growth rather than nucleation", + "Classical nucleation is enhanced due to the high dislocation density providing preferential nucleation sites", + "Classical nucleation is impossible because the required critical nucleus size exceeds the average dislocation spacing", + "Classical nucleation becomes possible only when the dislocation density exceeds 10^16 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 18 % cementite and 82 % ferrite at room temperature. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.14 % C", + "0.18 % C", + "0.82 % C", + "1.20 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under what conditions can austenite transform into lamellar pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the material is first quenched to form martensite, then tempered at 600°C for 2 hours", + "When the austenitizing temperature is low, the holding time is short, the composition is heterogeneous, and the cooling rate is slow", + "When the carbon content exceeds 2.1% and the cooling rate matches the TTT diagram's nose region", + "When the austenitizing temperature is high, the holding time is long, the composition of austenite is uniform, and the cooling rate is fast" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose the microstructure of an alloy consists of multiple two-phase lamellar eutectic domains with different orientations and uniform distribution. The actual interlamellar spacing in each domain is equal. How should this interlamellar spacing be determined under a metallographic microscope?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the minimum interlamellar spacing", + "Calculate the average spacing from multiple randomly selected domains", + "Use the spacing perpendicular to the viewing direction", + "Measure the maximum observable spacing and apply a correction factor" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, what is the relationship between its cross-slip motion direction and the Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "At 45 degrees", + "Depends on the slip plane orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the root mean square displacement of the total migration of carbon atoms $\\sqrt{\\overline{R_{n}^{2}}}$, given the jump frequency of carbon atoms as $\\Gamma=1.7\\times10^{9}/\\mathrm{s}$, the jump distance as $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and the time as $4\\mathrm{h}$. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "130 μm", + "0.13 mm", + "13 μm", + "1.3 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Li alloy microstructure shows 28% eutectic and 72% primary β. What is the composition of the alloy and is it hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.73% Li, hypoeutectic", + "17.46% Li, hypereutectic", + "22.1% Li, hypoeutectic", + "12.5% Li, hypereutectic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The roles of the glass phase in ceramics include all of the following EXCEPT:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inhibiting grain growth during sintering", + "Bonding dispersed crystalline phases", + "Reducing sintering temperature", + "Increasing fracture toughness through crack deflection" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the zinc blende crystal structure, which is generated from close-packed planes of anions, what fraction of the positions will be occupied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Three-quarters of the interstitial sites", + "All of the tetrahedral positions", + "One-quarter of the octahedral positions", + "One-half of the tetrahedral positions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that cannot undergo climb motion is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Edge full dislocation", + "Frank partial dislocation", + "Shockley partial dislocation", + "Screw full dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For α-Fe slightly below 910°C, the lattice constant α=0.2892nm, what is the atomic radius of α-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1446nm", + "0.1252nm", + "0.1028nm", + "0.1364nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For copper, the heat capacity at constant volume C_V at 20 K is 0.38 J/mol-K and the Debye temperature is 340 K. Estimate the specific heat at 40 K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.14 J/mol-K", + "0.76 J/mol-K", + "23.9 J/kg-K", + "47.8 J/kg-K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why in short-fiber composites with $L", + "", + "{h k l}", + "[h k l]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system listed below has the following interaxial angle relationship?\n\\[\n\\alpha \\neq \\beta \\neq \\gamma \\neq 90^{\\circ}\n\\]", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is independent of crystal orientation in FCC metals", + "CRSS decreases with increasing temperature due to enhanced dislocation mobility", + "CRSS is higher for edge dislocations than screw dislocations in BCC metals at room temperature", + "CRSS follows Schmid's law only for single crystals, not polycrystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, what is the lattice parameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.8567 Å", + "4.3802 Å", + "3.8567 nm", + "4.3802 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a disordered solid solution transforms into an ordered solid solution, the general trend in the change of alloy properties is: electrical conductivity", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increases due to reduced electron scattering", + "decreases due to enhanced lattice periodicity", + "remains unchanged as Fermi level is preserved", + "first increases then decreases with ordering parameter" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For cases where the concentration gradient changes over time, which of the following statements about the first law of diffusion is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The first law of diffusion can also be applied to non-steady-state diffusion, but it must be modified.", + "The first law of diffusion is strictly only applicable to steady-state diffusion conditions.", + "The first law remains unchanged but requires using instantaneous concentration gradient values.", + "The first law becomes invalid and must be replaced with the second law of diffusion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the reversibility of the first type of temper embrittlement?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The embrittlement can be reversed by rapid quenching from austenitizing temperature", + "The embrittlement is reversible through prolonged annealing at 600-650°C", + "The first type of temper embrittlement is irreversible temper embrittlement", + "Reversibility depends on the cooling rate through the 400-550°C range" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For \\mathrm{UO}_{2} with fluorite structure, the packing factor is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.624", + "0.740", + "0.680", + "0.520" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of a metal alloy 48.8mm long and 9.09mm in diameter is stressed in tension. A true stress of 327 MPa causes the specimen to plastically elongate to a length of 55 mm. If it is known that the strain-hardening exponent for this alloy is 0.3, what is the true stress (in MPa) necessary to plastically elongate a specimen of this same material from a length of 48.8mm to a length of 57.6 mm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "390 MPa", + "355 MPa", + "412 MPa", + "327 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 30 wt% Zn and 70 wt% Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27.8 at% Zn and 72.2 at% Cu", + "32.1 at% Zn and 67.9 at% Cu", + "29.4 at% Zn and 70.6 at% Cu", + "30.0 at% Zn and 70.0 at% Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A three-point bending test was performed on an aluminum oxide specimen with a circular cross section of radius 5.0 mm (0.20 in.), which fractured at a load of 3000 N (675 lb f) when the distance between the support points was 40 mm (1.6 in.). Another test is to be performed on a specimen of the same material with a square cross section of 15 mm (0.6 in.) length on each edge. If the support point separation is maintained at 40 mm (1.6 in.), at what load would you expect this specimen to fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4,320 N (970 lb f)", + "9,550 N (2150 lb f)", + "17,200 N (3870 lb f)", + "22,500 N (5060 lb f)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a body-centered cubic structure, can a dislocation with Burgers vector $a[100]$ decompose into $\\frac{a}{2}[111]+\\frac{a}{2}[1\\overline{1}\\overline{1}]$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the vector sum does not equal the original Burgers vector", + "Yes, as this decomposition reduces strain energy in BCC crystals", + "Possible, if the dislocation is under high shear stress conditions", + "Yes, because both partial dislocations have equal magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When observing the microstructure of eutectoid steel, it is found that the figure shows different densities of cementite lamellae. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the carbon content in these areas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The observed difference indicates non-uniform carbon distribution in the parent austenite", + "Dense lamellae regions result from higher cooling rates during transformation", + "The carbon content variation is due to local fluctuations in the eutectoid reaction kinetics", + "Sparse lamellae areas correspond to regions that underwent partial spheroidization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under conditions where cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+. How many Cu+ ions are required for the creation of each defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Three Cu+ ions per defect", + "One Cu+ ion per defect", + "Two Cu+ ions per defect", + "One Cu+ and one oxygen vacancy per defect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of an FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. Given that the critical resolved shear stress is 0.1kgf/mm² and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215], determine the axial pressure P at the onset of double slip (without considering physical hardening). The axial pressure P is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1225N", + "2450N", + "4900N", + "980N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can a material have an index of refraction less than unity? Why or why not?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the speed of light in a material cannot exceed its speed in vacuum", + "Yes, in metamaterials with engineered negative permittivity and permeability", + "Yes, near absorption resonances where the phase velocity can exceed c", + "No, because all materials slow down electromagnetic waves" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a space lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material with translational symmetry", + "A series of geometric points arranged in a periodic repetition in three-dimensional space", + "A mathematical abstraction representing atomic positions without considering actual atoms", + "The smallest repeating unit that shows the full symmetry of the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that liquid nickel is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. The number of nickel atoms in the nucleus is: (Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "92 atoms (incorrect volume calculation)", + "128 atoms (FCC unit cell atoms × 4 unit cells)", + "74 atoms (assuming BCC structure by mistake)", + "109 atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the practical significance of the Kirkendall effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It indicates that macroscopic diffusion always follows Fick's first law perfectly", + "It proves the exchange mechanism is the dominant diffusion process in substitutional solid solutions", + "It shows that vacancy diffusion can be ignored in most practical applications", + "It demonstrates that diffusion coefficients of components in an alloy are independent of each other" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 4-in-diameter sphere of liquid copper is allowed to solidify, producing a spherical shrinkage cavity in the center of the casting. The volume and diameter of the shrinkage cavity in the copper casting are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "shrinkage volume: 1.709 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.30 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 3.418 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.84 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 0.855 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.08 in.", + "shrinkage volume: 2.563 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.56 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains an excess of vacancies, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No climb occurs", + "Negative climb", + "Positive climb", + "Lateral slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Point out the errors in the following concept and select the correct option: (9) If 10,000 nucleation agents are added to an undercooled liquid, then 10,000 grains will form after crystallization.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of grains equals the number of nucleation agents because each agent initiates one grain", + "The number of grains will be less than 10,000 due to competitive growth and coalescence", + "The number of grains will be exactly 10,000 if the undercooling is precisely controlled", + "The number of grains will be orders of magnitude higher due to secondary nucleation effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen 7.5mm in diameter of an S-590 alloy is exposed to a tensile load of 9000 N. At approximately what temperature will the steady-state creep be 10^{-2}h^{-1}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "925°C", + "650°C", + "815°C", + "730°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a first-order phase transition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phase transition exhibiting a divergence in the second derivative of Gibbs free energy while the first derivative remains continuous", + "A phase transition characterized by a discontinuous change in the first derivative of Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature", + "A phase transition where the crystal structure changes without any latent heat absorption or release", + "A phase transition where the free energies of the old and new phases are equal before and after the transition, but their first-order partial derivatives are unequal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What concentration of trivalent ions is required to ensure that the diffusion of Ca2+ in CaO remains non-intrinsic up to the melting point of CaO (2600°C)? The Schottky defect formation energy of CaO is known to be 6eV.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.2 × 10^-6", + "3.6 × 10^-6", + "1.4 × 10^-5", + "2.9 × 10^-7" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strength of industrial pure copper is $\\sigma{\\mathrm{s}}=70\\mathrm{MPa}$, with a grain size of $N{\\mathbf{A}}=18$ per $\\nearrow\\mathbf{mm}^{2}$; when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=4025$ per $/\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}$, $\\pmb{\\sigma{\\mathrm{s}}=95\\mathrm{MPa}}$; calculate the yield strength ${\\pmb{\\sigma}}{\\mathfrak{s}}$ when $N{\\mathrm{A}}=260$ per $\\scriptstyle\\left/\\mathbf{mm}^{2}\\right.$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "65.2 MPa", + "78.3 MPa", + "82.7 MPa", + "71.4 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under the same system and the same degree of supercooling, the heterogeneous nucleation rate is always the homogeneous nucleation rate.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for dislocation motion in BCC metals", + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal", + "The yield strength of a polycrystalline sample" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the time t required for spinodal decomposition to occur over a diffusion distance of λ_m/2=50 nm (with λ_m=100 nm) at 550K, given the interdiffusion coefficient D=-2.4×10^-18 m²/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.04×10^3 s", + "86.8 s", + "347.2 s", + "173.6 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2 in. × 8 in. × 10 in. iron casting is produced and, after cooling to room temperature, is found to weigh 43.9 lb. If all of the shrinkage occurs as pores with a diameter of 0.05 in., the number of shrinkage pores in the casting is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "83,354 pores", + "41,677 pores", + "166,708 pores", + "62,515 pores" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel is heated until 40% austenite, with a carbon content of 0.5%, forms. Estimate the temperature.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "760°C", + "727°C", + "800°C", + "680°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch at a magnification of 100x?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 grains/in.^2", + "64 grains/in.^2", + "16 grains/in.^2", + "32 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Do all electrons have a net magnetic moment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only when electrons are in a magnetic field do they acquire a net magnetic moment", + "No, only unpaired electrons in partially filled orbitals have a net magnetic moment", + "Yes, all electrons have a net magnetic moment due to their intrinsic spin", + "No, the magnetic moments of paired electrons always cancel out completely" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the activation energy Q for Zn2+ diffusion in ZnS is 48856 J/mol, and D0=3×10−15 cm2/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 750°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.8×10−3 cm2/s", + "3.2×10−12 cm2/s", + "9.6×10−4 cm2/s", + "4.9×10−5 cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines wetting?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A phenomenon where liquid molecules preferentially adsorb to solid surfaces due to van der Waals forces", + "When the surface tension of a liquid is lower than the surface energy of a solid, spontaneous wetting occurs", + "The complete spreading of a liquid on a solid surface when the contact angle approaches 0°", + "When the Gibbs free energy of the system decreases after a solid comes into contact with a liquid, it is called wetting" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The reinforcing effect is best when the diameter of the fine particle phase in fine-grained composites is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the dislocation pinning effect exceeds the grain boundary strengthening effect", + "When the Orowan strengthening mechanism becomes dominant over Hall-Petch strengthening", + "When the particle spacing matches the critical resolved shear stress", + "When the particle diameter is approximately equal to the Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm. In addition, it has a density of 4.37 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Determine the atomic radius of the metal from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.189 nm", + "0.155 nm", + "0.137 nm", + "0.172 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the definition of a habit plane in the context of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The plane with maximum atomic density where phase transformation initiates preferentially", + "The parent phase crystal plane that is parallel to the main plane of the new phase during solid-state transformation", + "The crystallographic plane exhibiting minimum interfacial energy between parent and product phases", + "The slip plane in the parent phase that facilitates martensitic transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the Tm of Fe is 1538°C, estimate the minimum recrystallization temperature of Fe.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "451.4°C", + "615.2°C", + "307.6°C", + "769.0°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the physical significance of the critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest embryo that can grow spontaneously", + "The nucleus size where surface energy equals bulk energy", + "The point where nucleation rate reaches maximum", + "The radius at which Gibbs free energy change is zero" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are functions of the matrix phase in a polymer-matrix fiber-reinforced composite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To provide the primary load-bearing capability through its high elastic modulus", + "To chemically bond with fiber surfaces creating covalent crosslinks", + "To prevent fiber-fiber contact by maintaining precise inter-fiber spacing", + "To absorb impact energy through plastic deformation of the matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion constant of carbon in γ-Fe, D₀ = 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ m²·s⁻¹, and the activation energy for diffusion, Q = 1.4 × 10⁵ J/mol (R = 8.31 J/(mol·K)). Under the condition of a carbon potential Cₚ = 1.1% C, carburization of 20# steel is performed at 880°C. To achieve the same effect as carburizing at 927°C for 5 hours, how long should the carburization time be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7 h", + "9 h", + "12 h", + "4 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic condition for the formation of single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Maintaining a precisely controlled cooling rate just below the melting point to suppress heterogeneous nucleation", + "Ensuring the melt has extremely high purity (>99.9999%) to eliminate all potential nucleation sites", + "Applying a strong directional temperature gradient to allow only one nucleus to dominate growth", + "Using a seed crystal and carefully controlling solidification parameters to prevent new nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 1-mm sheet of FCC iron is used to contain nitrogen in a heat exchanger at 1200°C. The concentration of N at one surface is 0.04 atomic percent and the concentration at the second surface is 0.005 atomic percent. What is the flux of nitrogen through the foil in N atoms/cm^2·s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.57 × 10^{12} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "3.42 × 10^{15} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "1.89 × 10^{10} N atoms/cm^2·s", + "4.63 × 10^{13} N atoms/cm^2·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For metals that have undergone pre-cold plastic deformation, recrystallization annealing should be performed before further cold plastic deformation, and the annealing temperature is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.4Tm", + "0.6Tm", + "The glass transition temperature (Tg)", + "The temperature where yield strength equals ultimate tensile strength" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the crystallization structures in Ni-Cu alloy castings with uneven thickness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thick sections form cellular structures from constitutional supercooling, while thin sections develop equiaxed grains", + "Both sections develop dendritic structures, but thin sections show finer dendrites due to higher cooling rates", + "Thin sections form cellular structures due to faster heat dissipation, while thick sections develop dendritic structures from slower cooling", + "Microstructure is identical in both sections due to identical chemical composition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the temperature range and alias of the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 500~700°C is called temper embrittlement, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 250~400°C is called blue brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 350~550°C is called reversible temper brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness", + "The brittleness that occurs when tempering between 450~650°C is called high-temperature temper brittleness, also known as the second type of temper brittleness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, is it possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other? Branched and isotactic polystyrene that has a degree of polymerization of 4,000; linear and isotactic polypropylene that has a degree of polymerization of 7,500", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, branched and isotactic polystyrene must have higher Tm because aromatic rings increase chain rigidity", + "Yes, linear and isotactic polypropylene will always have higher Tm due to its simpler chain structure", + "No, because the branching in polystyrene offsets its higher inherent chain stiffness compared to polypropylene", + "No, because the degree of polymerization difference makes direct comparison impossible" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the surface of a single crystal copper is exactly the {100} crystal plane, assuming the crystal can slip on various slip systems, what is the possible morphology of slip lines (the orientation of slip lines and the angles between them) that may be observed on the surface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip lines are parallel or intersect at 90° due to the cubic symmetry of FCC crystals", + "The slip lines form 60° angles corresponding to the {111} slip planes intersecting the surface", + "The slip lines show random orientations due to multiple activated slip systems", + "The slip lines form 45° angles representing the maximum resolved shear stress direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a BCC iron-carbon alloy that contains 0.1 wt% C, the fraction of unit cells that contain carbon atoms is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.31 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell", + "4.65 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell", + "1.86 × 10^{-2} atoms/unit cell", + "2.33 × 10^{-3} atoms/unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strengths of pure iron with average grain diameters of $1\\mathrm{mm}$ and $0.0625\\mathrm{mm}$ are 112.7 MPa and 196 MPa respectively, what is the yield strength of pure iron with an average grain diameter of $0.0196\\mathrm{mm}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "283.255 MPa", + "224.8 MPa", + "310.4 MPa", + "178.6 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the differences in the driving forces among recrystallization, primary recrystallization, and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization: stored energy; Primary recrystallization: free energy difference; Secondary recrystallization: interfacial energy", + "Recrystallization: interfacial energy; Primary recrystallization: stored energy; Secondary recrystallization: free energy difference", + "Recrystallization: free energy difference; Primary recrystallization: stored energy; Secondary recrystallization: interfacial energy", + "Recrystallization: stored energy; Primary recrystallization: interfacial energy; Secondary recrystallization: free energy difference" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The negative sign of the diffusion flux indicates that diffusion proceeds from high concentration to low concentration, and the driving force for diffusion in this process is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Concentration gradient (Fick's first law)", + "Chemical potential gradient (chemical force)", + "Temperature gradient (thermal force)", + "Stress gradient (mechanical force)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The number of vacancies in some hypothetical metal increases by a factor of 5 when the temperature is increased from 1040 K to 1150 K. Calculate the energy (in kj/mol) for vacancy formation assuming that the density of the metal remains the same over this temperature range. The energy for vacancy formation is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "92 kJ/mol", + "115 kJ/mol", + "138 kJ/mol", + "76 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A green body has an initial particle size of 5μm. After sintering for 2h, x/r=0.1. If sintering proceeds until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when the process is driven by diffusion mass transfer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "16h", + "8h", + "64h", + "32h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about dislocation loops is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector of a dislocation loop must lie in the loop plane", + "A perfect dislocation loop in FCC metals always dissociates into partials", + "Dislocation loops in BCC metals cannot have pure screw character", + "The strain field of a circular prismatic loop exhibits cubic symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the factors affecting the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic size difference ≤25%, same valence, and similar electronegativity", + "Ionic size difference ≤15%, same valence, and identical crystal structures", + "Ionic size difference ≤40%, same coordination number, and similar melting points", + "Ionic size difference ≤15%, different valences, and similar thermal expansion coefficients" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a simple cubic crystal, pure bending of the (110) plane around the [001] axis will form what type of dislocations (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[111], Burgers vector=a/2[110]", + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[100] or a[010]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a/2[110]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Zn2+ diffuses in ZnS, the diffusion coefficient at 563°C is 3×10−4cm2/s, and at 450°C it is 1.0×10−4cm2/s. The activation energy for diffusion and D0 are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Q=55000J/mol, D0=8×10−16cm2/s", + "Q=32570J/mol, D0=1×10−12cm2/s", + "Q=41200J/mol, D0=5×10−14cm2/s", + "Q=48856J/mol, D0=3×10−15cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "High-density polyethylene may be chlorinated by inducing the random substitution of chlorine atoms for hydrogen. If this substitution occurs for 5% of all the original hydrogen atoms, the concentration of Cl (in wt%) that must be added is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20.3 wt%", + "5.0 wt%", + "35.7 wt%", + "10.6 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under normal circumstances, which mechanism diffuses faster?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial diffusion in BCC iron at 800°C", + "Vacancy diffusion in FCC copper at 800°C", + "Grain boundary diffusion in nanocrystalline nickel at 800°C", + "Surface diffusion on single crystal aluminum at 800°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider the diffusion of water vapor through a polypropylene (PP) sheet 2mm thick. The pressures of H₂O at the two faces are 1 kPa and 10 kPa, which are maintained constant. Assuming conditions of steady state, what is the diffusion flux [in cm³(STP)/cm²-s] at 298 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.42 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "1.71 × 10^{-6} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "1.71 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s", + "8.55 × 10^{-8} cm³(STP)/cm²-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chemical composition and applied stress", + "Temperature and crystal defects only", + "Crystal structure type and magnetic permeability", + "Surface roughness and optical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold deformation, the control of grain size after recrystallization is related to the degree of cold deformation, original grain size, (22), and impurities, etc. What is (22)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Peierls stress", + "Dislocation density", + "Stacking fault energy", + "Recrystallization temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under equilibrium cooling conditions, a carbon steel obtains a microstructure containing 50% pearlite and 50% ferrite. What is the mass fraction of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.385", + "0.25", + "0.77", + "0.42" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A simple cubic crystal has a screw dislocation with $b=[001]$ on the (100) plane. An edge dislocation with $b=[010]$ on the (001) plane intersects with it. After the intersection, what forms on the two dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A jog forms on both dislocations", + "A kink forms on the screw dislocation and a jog forms on the edge dislocation", + "A kink forms on both dislocations", + "The dislocations annihilate each other" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.1 m (3.9 in.) rod of a metal elongates 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.) on heating from 20 to 100°C (68 to 212°F). What is the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "25.0 × 10^{-6} (°C)^{-1}", + "2.5 × 10^{-5} (K)^{-1}", + "0.0025 %/°C", + "2.5 × 10^{-5} mm/(m·°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of chemical bond is primarily found in nitrides?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ionic bond with partial covalent character", + "Pure covalent bond", + "Metallic bond with electron delocalization", + "Van der Waals-bonded molecular solid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the magnitude of bond energy affect the properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The relationship between bond energy and melting point follows an inverse square law dependence", + "Materials with lower bond energy exhibit higher thermal conductivity as phonon scattering is reduced", + "Bond energy magnitude has negligible effect on corrosion resistance as it's primarily a surface phenomenon", + "Higher bond energy leads to increased ductility due to enhanced atomic mobility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the conditions for forming continuous substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 8%, crystal structures must be similar but not identical, and valency difference must be compensated by vacancies", + "The atomic radius difference must exceed 8%, crystal structures can differ if lattice parameters match, and valency must be identical", + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 15%, crystal structures must be identical, and electronegativity difference must be below 0.4", + "The atomic radius difference must be less than 12%, crystal structures must be identical, and valency must be identical or charge-balanced" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In has a tetragonal structure with lattice constants a=0.3252 nm, c=0.4946 nm, atomic radius r=0.1625 nm, and number of atoms per unit cell n=2. What is the packing density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.680", + "0.740", + "0.687", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymer that contains internal flaws 1mm in length fails at a stress of 25 MPa. Assuming that f=1, what is the plane strain fracture toughness of the polymer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.99 MPa√m", + "1.25 MPa√m", + "25 MPa·mm^1/2", + "0.44 MPa√m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the compression test of a magnesium single crystal at room temperature, the [0001] direction coincides with the compression axis. Assuming that the critical resolved shear stress for twinning on the (10\\overline{1}2) plane is 10 times that for slip on the (0001) plane, denoted as $\\tau_{\\mathrm{e}}$, what will happen when the compressive stress is sufficiently large?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both twinning and slip will occur simultaneously due to stress concentration", + "The crystal will undergo basal slip because it requires lower critical resolved shear stress", + "The crystal will fracture before any deformation mechanism activates", + "The crystal will undergo twinning due to higher Schmid factor for twinning system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the main morphological types of martensitic transformation products in steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "plate martensite and twinned martensite", + "lath martensite and acicular martensite", + "dislocation martensite and shear martensite", + "bainitic martensite and tempered martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Some hypothetical alloy is composed of 12.5 wt% of metal A and 87.5 wt% of metal B. If the densities of metals A and B are 4.27 and 6.35g/cm³, respectively, whereas their respective atomic weights are 61.4 and 125.7g/mol, determine the crystal structure for this alloy given a unit cell edge length of 0.395nm. The possible crystal structures are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "hexagonal close-packed", + "face-centered cubic", + "simple cubic", + "body-centered cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the effect of polymer molecular weight on the viscous flow temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When the molecular weight is smaller, the internal frictional resistance between molecular chains is reduced, making the relative movement of molecular chains easier, thus lowering the viscous flow temperature.", + "Higher molecular weight polymers exhibit lower viscous flow temperatures due to increased chain entanglement facilitating segmental motion.", + "Viscous flow temperature is independent of molecular weight but directly proportional to the degree of crystallinity in the polymer.", + "The viscous flow temperature decreases with molecular weight up to the critical entanglement molecular weight, then increases due to reptation dynamics." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When cold-drawn copper wire is used as lamp filament wire (requiring good toughness), what final heat treatment process should be adopted?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment followed by quenching", + "Stress relief annealing (low-temperature annealing)", + "Recrystallization annealing (high-temperature annealing)", + "Precipitation hardening treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between deformation by twinning and deformation by slip relative to final result?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning causes permanent lattice distortion while slip preserves crystal symmetry", + "Slip results in relatively large deformations, whereas twinning produces only small deformations", + "Slip requires higher activation energy but leads to more uniform deformation than twinning", + "Both mechanisms produce equivalent strain but twinning occurs at lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 727°C, the maximum carbon content in the equilibrium state of iron-carbon alloy is w_C=0.0218% for ferrite and w_C=0.77% for austenite. Where are the carbon atoms located in the ferrite and austenite crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In ferrite: octahedral sites; In austenite: tetrahedral sites", + "In ferrite: tetrahedral sites; In austenite: octahedral sites", + "In both phases: octahedral sites but with different site geometries", + "In both phases: tetrahedral sites but with different site geometries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in-plane", + "Single crystal diamond (Type IIa) along <111> direction", + "Single crystal copper (99.999%) along <100> direction", + "Polycrystalline aluminum nitride (99.5% purity)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between intrinsic diffusion and extrinsic diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Intrinsic diffusion involves both vacancy formation and atomic migration, while extrinsic diffusion is driven solely by pre-existing defects", + "Intrinsic diffusion occurs in pure materials, while extrinsic diffusion requires impurity atoms as diffusion mediators", + "Intrinsic diffusion follows Fick's first law, while extrinsic diffusion requires Fick's second law for description", + "Intrinsic diffusion has a constant activation energy, while extrinsic diffusion shows temperature-dependent activation energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the heat treatment conditions (temperature, time, cooling rate, etc.) for normalizing φ25 hot-rolled eutectoid steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "900°C holding for 15min, air cooling", + "850°C holding for 30min, furnace cooling", + "720°C holding for 2h, water quenching", + "780°C holding for 1h, air cooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic matrix composite contains internal flaws as large as 0.001 cm in length. The plane strain fracture toughness of the composite is 45 MPa / m and the tensile strength is 550 MPa. Will the flaw cause the composite to fail before the tensile strength is reached? Assume that f=1.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the flaw size is below the critical threshold for this material system", + "Yes, the flaw will propagate catastrophically at 80% of the tensile strength", + "Yes, but only under cyclic loading conditions due to fatigue crack growth", + "No, failure will occur due to tensile overload before the flaw becomes critical" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that contains 105kg of iron, 0.2 kg of carbon, and 1.0kg of chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe: 98.87 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.94 wt%", + "Fe: 99.11 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.70 wt%", + "Fe: 98.87 wt%, C: 0.20 wt%, Cr: 0.93 wt%", + "Fe: 99.06 wt%, C: 0.19 wt%, Cr: 0.75 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the theoretical packing density of α-Fe (given rFe=0.1241nm, a=0.286nm)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.6844", + "0.7405", + "0.6802", + "0.7241" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "With regard to electron configuration, what do all the elements in Group VIIA of the periodic table have in common?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "They all have seven valence electrons", + "Their outermost p orbitals are half-filled", + "They require one additional electron to complete their valence shell", + "Each has five p electrons in their outermost shell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion can a screw dislocation undergo?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Climb", + "Slip", + "Cross-slip", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between the first type and the second type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The first type affects impact toughness while the second type affects tensile strength", + "The first type occurs during slow cooling through 400-600°C while the second type occurs during rapid quenching", + "The first type is reversible through heat treatment while the second type is permanent", + "The first type is caused by phosphorus segregation while the second type involves molybdenum depletion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the coordination number decreases, how does the atomic radius change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The radius contracts due to reduced electron shielding", + "The radius expands because of decreased interatomic repulsion", + "Remains unchanged as it's an intrinsic property", + "First expands then contracts due to bond angle distortion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to determine the composition of an iron-carbon alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, the composition can be uniquely determined as 0.76 wt% C", + "No, the composition cannot be determined from this information alone", + "Yes, but there are two possible compositions (0.76 wt% C and 1.15 wt% C)", + "Only if the alloy is hypoeutectoid" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes reaction sintering?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reaction sintering refers to the sintering process where pre-reacted ceramic powders are consolidated without any further chemical changes.", + "Reaction sintering involves the simultaneous compaction and chemical reaction of powder mixtures to form a dense ceramic without external pressure.", + "Reaction sintering is a process in which ceramic powders of various compounds are pressed into shape and then subjected to special chemical treatment during sintering to obtain ceramics.", + "Reaction sintering is a technique where ceramic powders are sintered under reactive gas atmospheres to prevent oxidation during densification." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Introducing high-valence W6+ into NiO will generate vacancies of which ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both Ni2+ and O2- vacancies", + "Vacancies of O2- ions", + "Interstitial W6+ ions", + "Vacancies of Ni2+ ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines isotopes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Different crystalline forms of the same element where atomic arrangement differs but chemical composition remains constant", + "Elements with identical atomic numbers but varying neutron counts, resulting in different nuclear properties while maintaining identical electron configurations", + "Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in both physical and chemical properties", + "Substances that occupy the same position in the periodic table, although their masses are different, yet their chemical properties are the same" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a Ni single crystal, there is a dislocation with Burgers vector b=a[0]12 on the (11T) plane. The lattice constant a=0.35 nm. What is the length of the dislocation's Burgers vector?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.254 nm", + "0.35 nm", + "0.495 nm", + "0.175 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium (Be) has an HCP unit cell for which the ratio of the lattice parameters c/a is 1.568. If the radius of the Be atom is 0.1143 nm, determine the unit cell volume.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.92 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "4.87 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "5.64 × 10^{-23} cm3", + "4.12 × 10^{-23} cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a Kevlar fiber-epoxy resin composite, the fiber volume fraction is 0.3, the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin is 31 GPa, and the elastic modulus of the Kevlar fiber is 124 GPa. What is the modulus parallel to the fiber direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "46.5 GPa", + "93.1 GPa", + "58.9 GPa", + "124 GPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The maximum solid solubility (mole fraction) of nitrogen in γ-Fe is x_N=10.3×10^-2. Given that N atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites, what is the percentage of octahedral interstitial sites occupied by N atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.3%", + "12.5%", + "20.6%", + "5.15%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Heat treat Si3N4 at the eutectic temperature and measure its thermal etching groove angle as 60°, the grain boundary energy of Si3N4 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1558.8 mN/m", + "779.4 mN/m", + "3117.6 mN/m", + "1039.2 mN/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If water molecules pass through a membrane with a steady state flux of [j] mole/(m² day), how long will it take, in hours, for [m] kg of water to pass through a [a] square centimeter of the membrane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "t = [m] × 1000 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 24) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 10000) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 × 3600 / ([a] × [j] × 18) hours", + "t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18) hours" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods and principles can refine metal grain size by increasing undercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increasing undercooling enhances both nucleation rate and growth rate, but nucleation rate dominates", + "Higher undercooling reduces atomic diffusion, suppressing grain growth", + "Undercooling creates more grain boundary defects that inhibit coarsening", + "The critical radius for nucleation decreases exponentially with undercooling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bond predominates in oxide ceramic materials, how strong is the bonding, and thus how is their elastic modulus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Predominantly covalent bonding with moderate strength, resulting in intermediate elastic modulus", + "Mixed ionic-covalent bonding with variable strength, leading to a wide range of elastic moduli", + "Predominantly ionic bonding with strong bonding, hence high elastic modulus", + "Metallic bonding characteristics with delocalized electrons, producing low elastic modulus" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the atomic radius change when the coordination number of the crystal structure decreases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No change occurs because atomic radius is an intrinsic property", + "The atomic radius expands as interatomic forces weaken", + "The atomic radius contracts due to reduced electron shielding", + "The atomic radius first expands then contracts through a phase transition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How will the density of the non-stoichiometric compounds Fe1-xO and Zn1+xO change if the partial pressure of the surrounding oxygen atmosphere is increased?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both compounds will show increased density due to enhanced oxygen incorporation", + "Fe1-xO density decreases while Zn1+xO density increases, due to opposite defect formation mechanisms", + "Both Fe1-xO and Zn1+xO will show decreased density due to increased cation vacancy concentration", + "Fe1-xO density increases due to cation vacancies while Zn1+xO density decreases due to interstitial cations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which structure would you expect BeO to have?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "zinc blende", + "sodium chloride", + "fluorite", + "cesium chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In fiber composite materials, how should the diameter of carbon fibers be?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Large (50-100 μm)", + "Small (5-10 μm)", + "Variable depending on matrix stiffness", + "Optimized for maximum fiber-matrix interface area" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to the equation σ(t) = σ(0) exp(-t/τ). A specimen of this polymer was pulled in tension to a strain of 0.6, with an initial stress level of 2.76 MPa (400 psi) that dropped to 1.72 MPa (250 psi) after 60s. Determine E_τ(10) for this material:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.82 MPa (554 psi)", + "4.25 MPa (616 psi)", + "2.87 MPa (416 psi)", + "5.12 MPa (742 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The driving force for the coarsening of precipitates is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The surface energy reduction of the precipitate-matrix interface", + "The Gibbs free energy difference between different particles", + "The elastic strain energy minimization in the matrix", + "The chemical potential gradient between large and small precipitates" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phenomena of superheating and supercooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "These phenomena describe the hysteresis effect in first-order phase transitions, where the transition temperature depends on the direction of temperature change.", + "Superheating occurs when a material's temperature exceeds its melting point while remaining solid, whereas supercooling is the suppression of crystallization below the freezing point.", + "Superheating and supercooling correspond, respectively, to heating or cooling above or below a phase transition temperature without the occurrence of the transformation.", + "Superheating is the temperature overshoot during rapid heating, while supercooling refers to the undercooling required for nucleation in solidification processes." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A certain metal is melted on an Al2O3 plate at high temperature. If the surface energy of Al2O3 is estimated to be 1J/m2, the surface energy of this molten metal is similar, and the interfacial energy is estimated to be about 0.3J/m2. What is the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "60.0 degrees", + "72.5 degrees", + "30.0 degrees", + "45.6 degrees" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How should the cooling rate in the clinkering zone be controlled for high-alumina formulations (P>1.38)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slow cooling to allow complete crystallization of all phases", + "Rapid cooling to prevent C3S reabsorption and maintain cement quality", + "Two-stage cooling with initial rapid cooling followed by slow equilibrium cooling", + "Controlled cooling rate matching the KT2 boundary transition kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, the Burgers vector of dislocation (2) is $b^{(2)}=a[0,10]$, and the tangent direction of the dislocation line is $l^{(2)}=[001]$. Identify the type of this dislocation and the slip plane of the dislocation. If the slip plane is not unique, explain the constraints on the slip plane. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed dislocation with multiple possible slip planes including (110)", + "Screw dislocation with slip plane (010)", + "Edge dislocation with slip plane (100)", + "Edge dislocation but the slip plane must be (010) due to the Burgers vector direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 8 % cementite and 92 % ferrite at room temperature. What is the estimated carbon content of the steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.67 %", + "0.53 %", + "0.80 %", + "0.12 %" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical nickel wire 2.0 mm(0.08 in.) in diameter and 3 × 10^{4}mm (1200 in.) long. When a load of 300N(67 lb^{2}) is applied and assuming that the deformation is totally elastic, what is its elongation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.45 mm (0.13 in.)", + "6.9 mm (0.27 in.)", + "27.6 mm (1.06 in.)", + "13.8 mm (0.53 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that CaCl2 is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Cl substitutes for O2-, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form and how many of the vacancies are created for every Cl- added?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "oxygen vacancies; one vacancy per two Cl- ions", + "calcium vacancies; one vacancy per Cl- ion", + "oxygen vacancies; two vacancies per Cl- ion", + "calcium vacancies; one vacancy per two Cl- ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the microstructural products of 4340 alloy steel specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10°C/s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "pearlite and martensite", + "martensite with retained austenite", + "bainite and martensite", + "only martensite forms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the ion exchange capacity of clay after adsorbing the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < H+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a green body with an initial particle size of 5μm. After sintering for 2h, x/r=0.1. If sintering continues until x/r=0.2 (without considering grain growth), what is the required sintering time when the material transport is dominated by evaporation-condensation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4h", + "8h", + "16h", + "32h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "There is a glass containing soda, with a mass fraction of SiO2 at 80% and Na2O at 20%. What is the fraction of non-bridging O atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.400", + "0.333", + "0.216", + "0.250" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Nb-W be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because both elements are BCC with similar atomic radii (Nb: 1.43Å, W: 1.41Å)", + "No, due to significant differences in their electronegativity values (Nb: 1.6, W: 2.36)", + "Yes, since both are refractory metals with high melting points (>2400°C)", + "No, because their crystal structures are incompatible (Nb: BCC, W: FCC)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture the vehicle body itself?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-purity alumina (99.9% Al2O3) with controlled grain boundary diffusion", + "Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with 8 mol% Y2O3 doping", + "Silicon carbide reinforced with 30 vol% carbon nanotubes", + "Borosilicate glass with precisely engineered thermal expansion coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The porosity of cermet is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The electrical conductivity of graphene is lower than copper at room temperature", + "The percolation threshold in CNT-polymer composites occurs at 0.1-1 vol% loading", + "Carbon fibers exhibit higher tensile strength along the transverse direction", + "The Young's modulus of diamond is lower than that of steel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6x10^-15 cm^2/s at 727C and is 1x10^-9 cm^2/s at 1400C. The activation energy q is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "63,800 cal/mol", + "48,500 cal/mol", + "72,100 cal/mol", + "59,230 cal/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If carburizing is performed for 10 hours at both 927°C and 870°C, what is the ratio of carburized layer thickness (δ927τ/δ870τ)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.71", + "1.73", + "2.24", + "1.41" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, if the direction of the dislocation line is [112] and the Burgers vector is $b=a$ [110], what type of dislocation is this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Partial dislocation (Burgers vector magnitude < a)", + "Screw dislocation (dislocation line ∥ Burgers vector)", + "Mixed dislocation (angle between vectors is 60°)", + "Edge dislocation (dislocation line ⊥ Burgers vector)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does melting point affect atomic diffusion within the same alloy system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the same homologous temperature (T/Tm), diffusion rates are identical regardless of melting point", + "Higher melting point alloys always exhibit faster diffusion due to stronger atomic bonds", + "Diffusion is slower in higher melting point alloys at the same absolute temperature", + "Melting point has no systematic relationship with diffusion rates in alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For alloy A with atomic weight 77.4 g/mol, density 8.22 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.125 mm, its crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)", + "Face-centered cubic (FCC)", + "Body-centered cubic (BCC)", + "Simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following is the second main mechanism of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening", + "Grain boundary strengthening through Hall-Petch effect", + "Solid solution strengthening by interstitial atoms", + "Work hardening through dislocation accumulation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What is the magnetic susceptibility for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.256 x 10^-3", + "2.387 x 10^-3", + "3.142 x 10^-3", + "4.712 x 10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the hardness and microstructure in an eutectoid steel that has been heated to 300°C, quenched to 300°C and held for 10s, and finally quenched to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HRC=40 with predominantly upper bainite structure", + "HRC=45 with a mixture of bainite and retained austenite", + "HRC=58 with tempered martensite and some pearlite", + "HRC=66 and the microstructure is all martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If you were to locally heat identical geometry plates of the materials listed below with the same heat source, which would increase in temperature the fastest?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline diamond (thermal conductivity: 2000 W/mK)", + "Single-crystal graphene (in-plane thermal conductivity: 5000 W/mK)", + "Electrolytic copper (thermal conductivity: 400 W/mK)", + "Pyrolytic graphite (through-plane thermal conductivity: 10 W/mK)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How would the plane strain fracture toughness of a metal be expected to change with rising temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "First decrease then increase due to competing mechanisms of thermal activation and creep relaxation", + "Decrease due to thermal softening reducing material's resistance to crack propagation", + "Remain constant as it's an intrinsic material property independent of temperature", + "Increase due to enhanced dislocation mobility reducing crack tip stress concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what is the percentage of cementite precipitated from all primary phases relative to the total system for an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ at the eutectoid temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18.94%", + "22.36%", + "12.48%", + "15.82%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, what are the basic approaches to refining grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "increasing cooling rate, adding alloying elements, and electromagnetic stirring", + "increasing undercooling, adding nucleating agents, and vibration crystallization", + "decreasing nucleation barrier, applying ultrasonic treatment, and thermal cycling", + "controlling solidification front velocity, introducing grain refiners, and mechanical agitation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under conditions where cupric oxide (CuO) is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temperatures, some of the Cu2+ ions will become Cu+. Which of the following correctly expresses the chemical formula for this nonstoichiometric material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cu2O", + "CuO0.8", + "CuO with oxygen vacancies", + "Cu1.2O" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose the microstructure of a certain alloy consists of spherical second-phase particles and a matrix. If the actual diameters of the second-phase particles are all equal, how should the particle size be determined under a metallographic microscope?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measure the diameter of the largest particle", + "Calculate the average diameter of all visible particles", + "Measure the diameter where the particle intersects the focal plane", + "Use the smallest visible particle diameter as reference" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Al2O3 specimen with a square cross-section of side length 12mm in a three-point bending test, the distance between the two supports is 40mm. Given the material's fracture strength σfs=352.6 MPa, the load at fracture Ff is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5077.4 N", + "10154.9 N", + "20309.8 N", + "7608.6 N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Ionic crystals usually reduce their surface energy through the polarization deformation and rearrangement of surface ions. Among the following ionic crystals, the one with the smallest surface energy is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in annealed pure aluminum (99.99%) at room temperature", + "The dislocation density in work-hardened copper after 50% cold rolling", + "The dislocation density in single crystal silicon wafer used for semiconductor fabrication", + "The dislocation density in heavily doped n-type GaAs after thermal annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which type of cast iron and heat treatment method should be used for ball mill liners?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High chromium cast iron with solution treatment and aging", + "White cast iron with conventional quenching and tempering", + "Gray cast iron with stress relief annealing", + "Medium manganese nodular cast iron with austempering heat treatment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A borosilicate glass used for sealing lighting lamps has an annealing point of 544°C, a softening point of 780°C, and a viscous flow activation energy of 373.13 kJ/mol. What is its working temperature range?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "780°C~1120°C", + "544°C~780°C", + "373°C~544°C", + "760.6°C~1038.9°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the Burgers vector in BCC niobium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.078 Å", + "3.301 Å", + "1.443 Å", + "2.853 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the closest packed direction in a body-centered cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "<111>", + "<110>", + "<100>", + "<112>" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How is tool steel further classified?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "By alloying elements: tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium-based tool steels", + "By carbon content: low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high-carbon tool steel", + "By heat treatment method: annealed, quenched, and tempered tool steel", + "By application: cutting tools, dies, and measuring instruments" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What kind of motion cannot be performed by a screw dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cross-slip", + "Glide", + "Climb", + "Twist" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that the slip system that can be activated in a face-centered cubic crystal is (111)[011], if the slip dislocation is a pure edge dislocation, what is the direction of its dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[211]", + "[111]", + "[011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict the strength σLu of an Al2O3 short fiber reinforced composite at a volume fraction φf=0.1, given the fiber stress σf=2190MPa and the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "219MPa", + "386MPa", + "76MPa", + "292MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The engineering linear strain experienced by this aluminum rod is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21.5%", + "17.6%", + "28.3%", + "13.4%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to X-ray diffraction measurements, at 912°C, the lattice parameter a of α-Fe is 0.2892 nm, and that of γ-Fe is 0.3633 nm. What is the volume expansion when γ-Fe transforms into α-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-2.15%", + "1.24%", + "0.87%", + "3.68%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the interfacial tensions of ether-water, mercury-ether, and mercury-water are 0.0107, 0.379, and 0.375 N/m, respectively. A drop of water is placed on the interface between ether and mercury. What is the contact angle?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.0498°", + "112.345°", + "45.000°", + "151.231°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A solid solution contains xMgO=30/10−2 and xLiF=70/10−2. What are the mass fractions of Li+, Mg2+, F−, and O2−?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "wLi+=16/10−2, wMg2+=24/10−2, wF−=44/10−2, wO2−=16/10−2", + "wLi+=14/10−2, wMg2+=28/10−2, wF−=42/10−2, wO2−=16/10−2", + "wLi+=18/10−2, wMg2+=22/10−2, wF−=46/10−2, wO2−=14/10−2", + "wLi+=16/10−2, wMg2+=24/10−2, wF−=42/10−2, wO2−=18/10−2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between slip and twinning in terms of deformation modes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Slip occurs along specific crystallographic planes while twinning creates a mirror-image lattice orientation", + "Slip requires thermal activation energy while twinning is purely stress-driven", + "Slip preserves the crystal structure while twinning alters the unit cell symmetry", + "Slip involves dislocation motion while twinning occurs through coordinated atomic shuffles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the decrease in the system's free energy and the surface free energy in the context of the critical nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The decrease in the system's free energy must exactly equal the surface free energy", + "The decrease in the system's free energy should compensate for 2/3 of the surface free energy", + "The surface free energy must be twice the decrease in system's free energy", + "The decrease in system's free energy should be 1.5 times the surface free energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An alternating copolymer is known to have a number-average molecular weight of 100,000g / mol and a degree of polymerization of 2210 . If one of the repeat units is ethylene, which of the following is the other repeat unit?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "styrene", + "propylene", + "tetrafluoroethylene", + "vinyl chloride" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the root mean square displacement $\\sqrt{\\overline{R_{n}^{2}}}$ of carbon atoms at $20\\%$, given the transition frequency is $r=2.1\\times10^{-9}/\\mathrm{s}$, the transition step length is $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and the time is $4\\mathrm{h}$. The correct value is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.39×10⁻¹² m", + "3.72×10⁻⁶ m", + "2.53×10⁻¹⁰ m", + "5.64×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure is related to its:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient", + "temperature and pressure during formation", + "chemical composition and relative size of particles", + "optical transparency and magnetic susceptibility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal (BCC) rod is stretched along the rod axis [213] direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, which of the following is the double slip system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(011)[111]－(011)[111]", + "(101)[111]－(101)[111]", + "(110)[111]－(110)[111]", + "(011)[111]－(101)[111]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the ionic radii of K⁺ and Cl⁻ are 0.133nm and 0.181nm respectively, and KCl has a CsCl-type structure, calculate its density ρ.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.215 g/cm³", + "1.984 g/cm³", + "2.597 g/cm³", + "2.132 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ceramic part made of MgO is sintered successfully at 1700 degrees C in 90 minutes. To minimize thermal stresses during the process, we plan to reduce the temperature to 1500 degrees C. Which will limit the rate at which sintering can be done:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Diffusion of magnesium ions", + "Diffusion of oxygen ions", + "Grain boundary migration", + "Surface energy reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the type of solid solution formed by H in α-Fe and γ-Fe, their locations, and the solubility (mole fraction). The atomic radii of the elements are as follows: H: 0.046 nm, α-Fe: 0.124 nm, γ-Fe: 0.126 nm. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H forms interstitial solid solutions in both α-Fe and γ-Fe, with higher solubility in γ-Fe due to its larger octahedral interstitial sites", + "H forms substitutional solid solutions in α-Fe but interstitial solutions in γ-Fe, due to the BCC-FCC structural difference", + "H forms interstitial solutions in both phases, but solubility is higher in α-Fe due to its lower packing density", + "H cannot form stable solid solutions in either phase due to extreme size mismatch, only existing as trapped defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To which category of compounds do Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) and Plexiglas (polymethyl methacrylate) belong?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The material exhibits both ionic and covalent bonding characteristics", + "The material's hardness is primarily determined by its dislocation density", + "The material's thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to its electrical resistivity", + "The material's fracture toughness increases with decreasing grain size according to the Hall-Petch relationship" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Iron carbide Fe3C is an orthorhombic intermetallic compound with lattice constants of a=0.4514nm, b=0.5080nm, c=0.6734nm, and a density of 7.65g/cm³. Determine the number of iron and carbon atoms in the unit cell.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8 C atoms and 24 Fe atoms", + "2 C atoms and 6 Fe atoms", + "4 C atoms and 12 Fe atoms", + "1 C atom and 3 Fe atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can it be said that there is actually only one diffusion law, not two?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the first law describes steady-state diffusion while the second law describes non-steady-state diffusion", + "Yes, because the second law is just a continuity equation derived from the first law's conservation principle", + "No, because the first law applies to metals while the second law applies to ceramics", + "Yes, because both laws can be unified under the general transport theorem for all materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes congruent and incongruent solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Congruent solidification refers to isomorphous systems where the solid and liquid compositions are identical, whereas incongruent solidification occurs in eutectic systems", + "Congruent solidification occurs when the solid phase has the same composition as the liquid phase, while incongruent solidification involves peritectic reactions", + "Solidification without compositional change is called congruent solidification; conversely, solidification accompanied by compositional change is called incongruent solidification", + "Congruent solidification describes polymorphic transformations during cooling, while incongruent solidification refers to precipitation reactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on the diffusion coefficients at 1223K (4.34×10⁻⁸m²/s) and 1136K (1.78×10⁻⁸m²/s), calculate the activation energy Q for interstitial atom diffusion in face-centered cubic metals.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2×10⁵J/mol", + "2.4×10⁵J/mol", + "8.3×10⁴J/mol", + "1.8×10⁵J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the liquid/solid interface front of an alloy more prone to undercooling during solidification compared to that of a pure metal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The presence of multiple elements increases atomic vibration frequency, lowering the energy barrier for nucleation", + "Alloys have higher thermal conductivity than pure metals, causing faster heat dissipation at the interface", + "The solute enrichment at the interface creates a local composition gradient that effectively raises the melting point", + "Impurity atoms in alloys disrupt the crystal lattice symmetry, reducing the interfacial energy required for solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a nucleation agent is added to liquid pure metal, which of the following statements about its growth morphology is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dendritic growth becomes inevitable due to constitutional supercooling", + "It will always form equiaxed grains due to uniform nucleation", + "Its growth morphology will not change", + "The morphology transitions to columnar as nucleation density increases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The fraction recrystallized-time data for the recrystallization at 350°C of a previously deformed aluminum are tabulated here. Assuming that the kinetics of this process obey the Avrami relationship, what is the fraction recrystallized after a total time of 116.8 min?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.65", + "0.72", + "0.58", + "0.80" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the phase transition mechanism, what types can it be divided into?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "nucleation-type phase transition and spinodal decomposition", + "first-order phase transition and second-order phase transition", + "diffusion-type phase transition, non-diffusion-type phase transition, and semi-diffusion-type phase transition", + "thermodynamic phase transition and kinetic phase transition" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for molybdenum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "776°C (1429°F)", + "1200°C (2192°F)", + "500°C (932°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (1316°C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly identifies and corrects the misconception in castings with uneven thickness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thicker sections are prone to gas porosity. Less carbon and less silicon must be added.", + "The thicker sections are prone to shrinkage porosity. More carbon and less silicon must be added.", + "The thinner sections are prone to hot tearing. Less carbon and more silicon must be added.", + "The thinner sections are prone to chill formation. More carbon and more silicon must be added." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can metal castings refine grain size through recrystallization annealing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because recrystallization annealing can always refine grain size regardless of prior processing history", + "No, because castings lack the necessary dislocation density required for recrystallization nucleation", + "Yes, but only if the casting is first subjected to severe plastic deformation", + "No, because the high temperatures used in recrystallization annealing would cause excessive grain growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The large screwdriver requires the shank to be fine pearlite and the tip to be tempered martensite, with only one external heat source. How should it be processed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Overall normalizing, local quenching + low-temperature tempering", + "Full austenitizing followed by differential cooling rates", + "Localized induction hardening of the tip only", + "Through-hardening followed by selective tempering of the shank" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Resistance materials can be divided into which of the following according to their characteristics and applications?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electric heating materials", + "Structural resistance materials", + "Film resistance materials", + "Precision resistance materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between a vertical section of a ternary phase diagram and a binary phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vertical section of a ternary diagram can never represent true phase equilibria, while a binary diagram always does", + "Binary diagrams show temperature-composition relationships, while ternary vertical sections show pressure-composition relationships", + "The main difference is that binary diagrams have two independent variables, while ternary vertical sections have three", + "Vertical sections of ternary diagrams are projections of 3D space onto 2D, while binary diagrams are inherently 2D representations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the main factors affecting atomic diffusion in crystalline solids?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystal structure and solid solution type", + "Temperature and vacancy concentration", + "Grain size and dislocation density", + "All of the above" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the same wing component and alloy, compute the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 4.0 mm (0.16 in.).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "288 MPa (41,500 psi)", + "365 MPa (53,000 psi)", + "230 MPa (33,400 psi)", + "320 MPa (46,400 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The term 'segment' is used to describe which property of polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "tensile strength", + "crystallinity", + "flexibility", + "glass transition temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component in the shape of a flat plate 27.3mm thick is to be fabricated from a metal alloy for which the yield strength and plane strain fracture toughness values are 535 MPa and 31.3 MPa·m^{-1 / 2}, respectively. For this particular geometry, the value of Y is 1.8. Assuming a design stress of 0.5 times the yield strength, the critical length of a surface flaw is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.7 mm", + "4.1 mm", + "1.2 mm", + "2.0 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence or absence of", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stacking fault energy of austenite", + "The presence of substitutional alloying elements", + "The eutectoid reaction temperature", + "The critical cooling rate for martensite formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 700°C, what is the proportion of atoms with sufficient energy according to the Arrhenius equation, given ln A = -2.92, E = 2.14×10^(-19) J, k = 1.38×10^(-23) J/K, and T = 973 K?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3×10^(-10)", + "1.2×10^(-8)", + "6×10^(-9)", + "9×10^(-7)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How many types of titanium alloys are there?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α+β titanium alloys and metastable β titanium alloys", + "α titanium alloys and β titanium alloys only", + "α titanium alloys, α+β titanium alloys, and β titanium alloys", + "α, α+β, β, and metastable β titanium alloys" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After water interacts with clay, what can be found around the clay colloidal particles as the distance increases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Free water molecules with bulk properties", + "Hydrated cations in Stern layer", + "Electric double layer with fixed charge density", + "Loosely bound water" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the atomic radius of a metal that has the face-centered cubic crystal structure is 0.123nm, what is the volume of its unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.258nm³", + "0.183nm³", + "0.321nm³", + "0.416nm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the completeness of isothermal transformation for bainite transformation, pearlite transformation, and martensite transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "All three transformations can reach 100% completion under isothermal conditions given sufficient time", + "Pearlite and bainite transformations can both be completely transformed, while martensite transformation cannot be completely transformed", + "Pearlite transformation can be completely transformed, some bainite transformations can be completely transformed while others cannot, and martensite transformation cannot be completely transformed", + "Only pearlite transformation can reach full completion, while both bainite and martensite transformations always leave residual austenite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the term 'component'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The ratio of different phases present in a microstructure", + "The smallest structural unit that retains the properties of a material", + "Each element (metal, non-metal) that constitutes an alloy", + "Any constituent that can be mechanically separated from a composite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When Na2O is added to SiO2, making O/Si=2.5, what happens to the crystallization ability?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallization ability is enhanced due to decreased viscosity from increased O/Si ratio", + "Crystallization ability is weakened because Na+ ions disrupt the silicate network", + "Crystallization ability remains unchanged as the system reaches a metastable state", + "Crystallization ability first increases then decreases due to competing network modifiers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To predict the normalizing effect of φ25 eutectoid steel bars, how applicable is the iron-carbon phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The iron-carbon phase diagram can accurately predict the pearlite fraction after normalizing", + "The phase diagram is only applicable for equilibrium conditions but can be modified with Scheil-Gulliver assumptions", + "It provides exact cooling rate parameters needed for normalizing treatment", + "The diagram is fully applicable as normalizing approaches equilibrium conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 800°C, what are the fractions of α phase and γ phase in Fe-0.002C steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "nα=0.28, nγ=0.72", + "nα=0.42, nγ=0.58", + "nα=0.72, nγ=0.28", + "nα=0.58, nγ=0.42" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is a limitation of strain hardening as a strengthening method?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Strain hardening causes permanent changes to the crystal structure type (e.g., FCC to BCC)", + "Strain hardening significantly reduces electrical conductivity in all metallic alloys", + "Strain hardening increases dislocation density but does not alter the alloy's fundamental composition", + "Strain hardening is ineffective for materials with high stacking fault energy" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the temperature increases from 20℃ to 1020℃, the lattice constant expands by (4 × 10^-4)%, and the density decreases by 0.012%. Assuming the total mass remains unchanged, the total volume change rate ΔV/V is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.004%", + "0.012%", + "0.016%", + "0.008%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical AX type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 2.10g / {cm}^{3} and a unit cell of cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.57nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are 28.5 and 30.0g / mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which of the following crystal structures is (are) possible for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "sodium chloride only", + "zinc blende only", + "cesium chloride only", + "sodium chloride and zinc blende" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a Pb-70% Sn alloy at 182 degrees C, what are the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary alpha: 19% Sn, % primary alpha = 77.2%, eutectic: 97.5% Sn, % eutectic = 22.8%", + "primary alpha: 19% Sn, % primary alpha = 22.8%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 77.2%", + "primary beta: 97.5% Sn, % primary beta = 77.2%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 22.8%", + "primary beta: 97.5% Sn, % primary beta = 22.8%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 77.2%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the movement of an edge dislocation on the slip plane called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twist", + "Glide", + "Climb", + "Slip" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 5.5 wt% Pb and 94.5 wt% Sn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.12 at% Pb and 93.88 at% Sn", + "5.5 at% Pb and 94.5 at% Sn", + "2.89 at% Pb and 97.11 at% Sn", + "3.23 at% Pb and 96.77 at% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the total migration distance $S$ of carbon atoms, given the carbon atom jump frequency as $\\Gamma=1.7\\times10^{9}/\\mathrm{s}$, jump distance as $2.53\\times10^{-10}\\mathrm{m}$, and time as $4\\mathrm{h}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.72×10^6 m", + "0.619 m", + "6193 m", + "2.53×10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the role of carbon in low-alloy steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Creates pearlite structures that dominate the mechanical properties", + "Forms carbides that primarily increase hardness at the expense of toughness", + "Acts as a grain refiner to improve both strength and corrosion resistance", + "Maintains ductility while providing solid solution strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the spinel (MgAl2O4) structure, O2- forms a cubic close packing, and Mg2+ ions fill", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size exceeds 100 nm due to the transition to dislocation-free deformation", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs below 10 nm grain size because grain boundary sliding becomes the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The Hall-Petch coefficient (k) is a universal constant for all metallic materials, approximately 0.7 MPa·m^1/2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the vacancy formation energy of aluminum is 0.76 eV/vacancy, and the lattice constant of aluminum at 25°C is 0.405 nm, what is the vacancy concentration in aluminum at 25°C (vacancies/cm3)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.67×10^10 vacancies/cm3", + "8.34×10^9 vacancies/cm3", + "4.17×10^9 vacancies/cm3", + "2.08×10^10 vacancies/cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the filtrate loss of clay slurry adsorbed with the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the theoretical density of CsCl?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.99 g/cm³", + "4.38 g/cm³", + "4.02 g/cm³", + "4.15 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For most metals, the relationship between elastic and shear moduli is approximately which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "G = E/(2(1+ν)) where ν=0.5 (perfectly incompressible material)", + "G = E/3 (derived from cubic crystal symmetry assumption)", + "G ≈ 0.38E (typical for FCC metals with ν≈0.33)", + "G = E/2 (maximum theoretical value for ν=0)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The relationship between the growth velocity (vg) of a certain crystal during solidification and the dynamic undercooling (ΔTx) at the liquid-solid interface front is vg proportional to ΔTx^2. This crystal belongs to which growth mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous growth", + "Growth via screw dislocations", + "Two-dimensional nucleation", + "Lateral growth with kinetic coefficient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In ionic crystals, the diffusion rate of cations is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for cation diffusion is always lower due to smaller ionic radii", + "Anions diffuse faster because their larger polarizability facilitates bond breaking", + "Diffusion rates are identical due to charge neutrality requirements", + "Cations diffuse slower in oxides but faster in halides due to coordination effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal with a movable slip system of (111)[110], indicate the direction of dislocation line movement during slip in the cases of pure edge dislocation and pure screw dislocation. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In both cases, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b", + "In both cases, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b", + "In the case of pure edge dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b; in the case of pure screw dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b", + "In the case of pure edge dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is parallel to b; in the case of pure screw dislocation, the direction of dislocation line movement is perpendicular to b" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists all the crystal planes included in the {110} plane family of the cubic crystal system?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(110), (101), (011)", + "(110), (101), (011), (110), (101), (011)", + "(110), (101), (011), (100), (010), (001)", + "(110), (101), (011), (111), (111), (111)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The packing density of a simple cubic crystal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in annealed copper is typically 10^6 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in cold-worked aluminum is typically 10^8 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in single crystal silicon is typically 10^10 cm^-2", + "The dislocation density in heavily deformed steel is typically 10^12 cm^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the common method to refine grains in casting process (the first method)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Use directional solidification", + "Add grain refiners (e.g., TiB2)", + "Apply mechanical vibration during solidification", + "Increase the cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "As temperature decreases, the fraction of total number of atoms that are capable of diffusive motion", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The atomic vibration frequency becomes harmonic", + "The vacancy concentration increases", + "The activation energy for diffusion decreases", + "The dislocation density reaches a critical threshold" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the morphology, size, and distribution of tertiary cementite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Lamellar structure, moderate amount, alternating with ferrite layers", + "Continuous network, large amount, distributed along prior austenite grain boundaries", + "Discontinuous granular, small amount, distributed at ferrite grain boundaries", + "Spherical particles, trace amount, uniformly dispersed in matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the total migration distance S of carbon atoms at 20%, given the transition frequency r=2.1×10^-9/s, transition step length of 2.53×10^-10m, and time of 4h.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.82×10^-14m", + "7.65×10^-15m", + "1.53×10^-10m", + "6.12×10^-16m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When stretching a copper single crystal, if the direction of the tensile axis is [001], σ=10⁶ Pa, the force on the screw dislocation line with Burgers vector b= a/2 [101] on the (111) plane (a_Cu=0.36 nm) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.196×10⁻⁵ N/m", + "2.078×10⁻⁴ N/m", + "1.039×10⁻⁴ N/m", + "3.117×10⁻⁴ N/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in. cube solidifies in 4.6 min. Under the same conditions, what is the solidification time for a 0.5 in. x 0.5 in. x 6 in. bar? Assume that n=2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.60 min", + "1.15 min", + "2.30 min", + "4.60 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fraction of lattice sites that are Schottky defects for sodium chloride at its melting temperature (801°C), assuming an energy for defect formation of 2.3 eV?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.15 × 10^{-7}", + "1.23 × 10^{-5}", + "4.03 × 10^{-6}", + "6.78 × 10^{-4}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For many polymer materials, their tensile strength σi is a function of the number-average relative molecular mass Mn̅: the formula is given by σi = σ0 - A / Mn̅, where σ0 is the tensile strength at infinite molecular weight, and A is a constant. Given two types of poly(methyl methacrylate) with number-average relative molecular masses of 4×10^4 and 6×10^4, the corresponding tensile strengths are 107 MPa and 170 MPa, respectively. Determine the tensile strength σb when the number-average relative molecular mass is 3×10^4.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "53 MPa", + "44 MPa", + "72 MPa", + "89 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is there no bainite transformation region on the continuous cooling transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cooling rate required for bainite formation is always slower than the critical rate for pearlite suppression in eutectoid alloys", + "Bainite formation requires carbon diffusion distances that cannot be achieved during continuous cooling of eutectoid compositions", + "The austenite-to-bainite transformation is thermodynamically forbidden at eutectoid composition", + "The bainite start temperature coincides with the pearlite finish temperature in eutectoid steels" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements about ceramic materials and 'work hardening' is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ceramic materials will not exhibit 'work hardening' after deformation, because ceramic materials cannot undergo plastic deformation.", + "Ceramic materials can exhibit work hardening similar to metals, as both materials experience dislocation movement during deformation.", + "Work hardening in ceramics occurs only at extremely high temperatures (>0.8Tm) where limited plastic deformation becomes possible.", + "Ceramics show work hardening through a different mechanism involving crack deflection and grain boundary sliding rather than dislocation motion." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In homogeneous nucleation, assuming the nucleus shape is a cube with side length a, given σ and ΔGv, what is the critical nucleus side length?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(-2σ)/ΔGv", + "(-4σ)/ΔGv", + "(-8σ)/ΔGv", + "(-σ)/ΔGv" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An aluminum alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 25,000 psi √m fails under a stress of 42,000 psi, with fracture initiating at the surface. Assuming f=1.1, estimate the size of the flaw that initiated fracture.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.093 in", + "0.042 in", + "0.125 in", + "0.067 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a solution, which of the following is present in the higher concentration?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in cold-worked aluminum (AA6061) after 50% reduction", + "The dislocation density in annealed pure copper (99.99%) at room temperature", + "The dislocation density in single-crystal silicon wafer used for semiconductor fabrication", + "The dislocation density in rapidly solidified metallic glass ribbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a Pb-70% Sn alloy. What is the composition of the first solid to form during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "70% Sn", + "19% Sn", + "61.9% Sn", + "98% Sn" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The surface of a copper single crystal is parallel to {001}. If a tensile force is applied along the [001] direction, and the measured critical resolved shear stress is $\\overline{{\\tau_{c}}}=0.7$ MPa, determine the stress at which the material yields.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.7 MPa", + "1.715 MPa", + "1.414 MPa", + "2.0 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The jump frequency of carbon atoms in solid solution is Γ=1.7×10^28 s^-1 at 925℃ and Γ=2.1×10^9 s^-1 at 20℃. Using the interstitial diffusion calculation formula D=α²PΓ, what is the ratio of the diffusion coefficients D_925℃/D_20℃?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.1×10^17", + "1.7×10^28/2.1×10^9 = 8.1×10^18", + "ln(1.7×10^28/2.1×10^9) = 43.8", + "(1.7×10^28 - 2.1×10^9) = 1.7×10^28" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The formula for yttrium iron garnet (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) may be written in the form Y₃ᵃFe₂ᶜFe₃ᵈO₁₂², where the superscripts a, c, and d represent different sites on which the Y³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the Y³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions positioned in the a and c sites are oriented parallel to one another and antiparallel to the Fe³⁺ ions in d sites. Given the following information: (1) each unit cell consists of eight formula (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) units; (2) the unit cell is cubic with an edge length of 1.2376 nm; (3) the saturation magnetization for this material is 1.0 × 10⁴ A/m; and (4) assume that there are 5 Bohr magnetons associated with each Fe³⁺ ion, the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each Y³⁺ ion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.50 bm", + "1.75 bm", + "3.25 bm", + "0.00 bm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The $c/a$ ratio for an ideal hexagonal close-packed metal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.633", + "√(8/3)", + "2√2", + "π/√2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the critical resolved shear stress for slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimum resolved shear stress required to initiate slip system movement; it is a constant value, related to the intrinsic properties of the material and independent of the orientation of external forces", + "The maximum shear stress a material can withstand before fracture, dependent on both crystal orientation and temperature conditions", + "The stress required to activate the easiest slip system, which varies with the angle between slip plane and applied stress direction", + "The yield strength of a single crystal measured along its most favorable slip direction, equivalent to the macroscopic yield stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the energy of attraction between a cation with a valence of +2 and an anion with a valence of -2, the centers of which are separated by a distance of 3.7nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-3.7 × 10^{-19} J", + "-6.2 × 10^{-20} J", + "-1.0 × 10^{-18} J", + "-2.5 × 10^{-19} J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When iron nucleates homogeneously, the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50% dendritically and 50% planar", + "all dendritically", + "only the initial 10% occurs dendritically", + "depends on the cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An FCC crystal yields under a normal stress of 2MPa in the [123] direction. The activated slip system has been measured as (111)[101]. Determine the resolved shear stress τ that activates this slip system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.414 MPa", + "1.732 MPa", + "0.816 MPa", + "0.933 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the basic condition for the formation of single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ensuring the liquid metal has extremely high purity (>99.999%) before solidification", + "Maintaining a precisely controlled cooling rate that allows only one nucleation event to occur", + "Applying a strong magnetic field during solidification to align all crystal orientations", + "Using a seed crystal with identical lattice parameters to the target single crystal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A face-centered cubic single crystal is stretched with [131] as the force axis. When the tensile stress is 1×10^7Pa, the resolved shear stress on the (111)[1\\overline{1}0] slip system is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.9×10^6Pa", + "1.2×10^7Pa", + "5.1×10^6Pa", + "3.7×10^6Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can rapid changes in external temperature cause many ceramic devices to crack or break?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because most ceramics are mainly composed of crystalline and glass phases, and the thermal expansion coefficients of these two phases differ significantly", + "Due to the low thermal conductivity of ceramics causing localized thermal stresses", + "Because rapid temperature changes exceed the elastic modulus of ceramic materials", + "Due to phase transformations in the ceramic microstructure under thermal shock" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the电价规则, when half of the tetrahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valency cations should be inserted into the interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cation valency should match the anion valency, such as NaCl", + "The cation valency should be half of the anion valency, such as TiO2", + "The cation valency should equal the anion valency divided by coordination number, such as Al2O3", + "The ratio of cation to anion valency should be 1:1, such as ZnS" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the ΔG* of a cube greater than that of a sphere?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The sphere's curvature allows more efficient atomic packing at the interface", + "The cube has higher surface energy due to its larger surface area to volume ratio", + "Cubic nuclei require additional strain energy to maintain sharp edges", + "The sphere minimizes interfacial defects through isotropic growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "On the average, dislocation-dislocation strain interactions are", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "repulsive", + "attractive", + "neutral", + "dependent on Burgers vector orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2-in.-diameter copper rod is reduced to 1.5 in. diameter, then reduced again to a final diameter of 1 in. In a second case, the 2-in.-diameter rod is reduced in one step from 2 in. to a 1 in. diameter. The % CW for both cases is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "56.25% in both cases", + "56.25% for two-step, 75% for single-step", + "43.75% for two-step, 75% for single-step", + "75% in both cases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The usage state of plastic is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The elastic modulus of a polymer is primarily determined by its degree of crystallinity", + "The glass transition temperature (Tg) of an amorphous polymer is the temperature at which it becomes completely liquid", + "The viscoelastic behavior of polymers is best described by Hooke's law alone", + "The stress-strain curve of a ductile polymer shows no yield point under standard testing conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the drift velocity of electrons in silicon at room temperature when the magnitude of the electric field is 500 V/m?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "72.5 m/s", + "145 m/s", + "36.25 m/s", + "1.45 × 10^3 m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a continuous and oriented fiber-reinforced composite, the modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction is 19.7 GPa (2.8 x 10^5 psi). If the volume fraction of fibers is 0.25, what is the modulus of elasticity of the fiber phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "70.4 GPa (10.2 x 10^6 psi)", + "78.8 GPa (11.4 x 10^6 psi)", + "19.7 GPa (2.8 x 10^5 psi)", + "52.8 GPa (7.6 x 10^6 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What type(s) of magnetism would you suggest is (are) being displayed by this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ferromagnetic behavior only", + "Diamagnetic behavior only", + "Both diamagnetic and paramagnetic behavior", + "Antiferromagnetic behavior with weak ferromagnetic coupling" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a hard alloy containing WC, TiC, TaC, and Co with mass fractions of 0.25, 0.15, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively. Their densities are 15.77 g/cm³, 4.94 g/cm³, 14.5 g/cm³, 8.9 g/cm³. What is the density of this composite material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "13.2 g/cm³", + "11.5 g/cm³", + "9.8 g/cm³", + "10.7 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies the error in the concept '727°C is the allotropic transformation temperature of ferrite and austenite' and provides the correct information?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The correct allotropic transformation occurs at 912°C for pure iron", + "727°C is the eutectoid transformation temperature, not allotropic", + "The temperature indicated by the GS line is that of ferrite and austenite", + "This temperature represents the Curie point, not phase transformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What final heat treatment process can be used for overhead copper conductors (requiring certain strength) after processing for outdoor use?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stress relief annealing", + "Precipitation hardening", + "Full annealing", + "Recovery annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexural strength and associated volume fraction porosity for two specimens of the same ceramic material are as follows: \n\nσ_fs (MPa) | P \n-----------|----\n100 | 0.05 \n50 | 0.20 \n\nCompute the flexural strength for a 0.10 volume fraction porosity.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "63.8 MPa", + "71.6 MPa", + "85.2 MPa", + "79.4 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of metallic bonds?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds are non-directional and non-saturated covalent bonds, where the binding force is the electrostatic Coulomb force between ions", + "Metallic bonds exhibit strong directional characteristics similar to covalent bonds, with localized electron pairs", + "The strength of metallic bonds is primarily determined by the number of valence electrons, similar to ionic bonding", + "Metallic bonding involves electron transfer between atoms, creating positively charged metal ions embedded in a sea of electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Increasing the alumina (Al₂O₃) content of fireclays results in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reduced oxidation resistance due to faster oxygen diffusion", + "Decreased thermal shock resistance from higher thermal expansion mismatch", + "Improved electrical conductivity through increased electron mobility", + "Enhanced creep resistance due to reduced grain boundary sliding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that pure titanium at 900°C is β-Ti (bcc structure) with a lattice constant a=0.3307nm, what is the (001) interplanar spacing?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1653nm", + "0.3307nm", + "0.2339nm", + "0.2867nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the fabrication of silicon semiconductor devices, boron is often diffused into silicon single crystals. If at a temperature of 1600K, the boron concentration on the surface of the silicon single crystal is kept constant (constant source semi-infinite diffusion), and the boron concentration at a depth of 10^-3 cm from the surface is required to be half of the surface concentration (erfc =0.5 x/(2√Dt) = 0.5), how long is needed (given D_1600°C = 8×10^-12 cm²/s)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.13×10^4 s", + "6.25×10^4 s", + "2.50×10^5 s", + "1.25×10^5 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Based on Hume-Rothery's conditions, would the system Al-Cu be expected to display unlimited solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because their atomic radii differ by less than 15%", + "No, due to their different crystal structures at room temperature", + "Yes, as both elements are FCC and have similar electronegativities", + "No, because their valence electron concentrations differ significantly" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients of carbon in titanium at different temperatures and the activation energy for diffusion Q=2342787J/mol, determine the diffusion coefficient of carbon at 500℃.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.14×10−8cm2/s", + "3.42×10−9cm2/s", + "5.76×10−11cm2/s", + "1.87×10−10cm2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Beryllium has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a0=0.22858 nm and c0=0.35842 nm. The atomic radius is 0.1143 nm, the density is 1.848 g/cm3, and the atomic weight is 9.01 g/mol. What is the packing factor in the unit cell?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.77", + "0.68", + "0.82", + "0.74" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When all the electrons in an atom occupy the lowest possible energy states, the atom is said to be in its:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship is temperature-independent as it only considers geometric constraints on dislocation motion", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows decreased yield strength with finer grain size because smaller grains have more defects per unit volume", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size where grain boundary sliding dominates deformation", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a 3000-kg load is applied to a 10-mm-diameter ball in a Brinell test of a steel, an indentation of 3.1mm is produced. Estimate the tensile strength of the steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "137,000 psi", + "194,000 psi", + "225,000 psi", + "158,000 psi" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Among the following types of crystals, the order of forming interstitial solid solutions is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is higher for covalent crystals than ionic crystals at room temperature", + "The CRSS is primarily determined by the Burgers vector magnitude in all crystal types", + "Ionic crystals exhibit lower CRSS than metallic crystals due to weaker bonding", + "The CRSS follows the trend: covalent > metallic > ionic for single crystals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The permeability coefficient of a type of small gas molecule in a polymer is dependent on absolute temperature according to the following equation:\n\\[\nP_{M}=P_{M_{0}} \\exp \\left(-\\frac{Q_{p}}{R T}\\right)\n\\]\nwhere P_{M_{0}} and Q_{p} are constants for a given gas-polymer pair. Consider the diffusion of hydrogen through a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMSO) sheet 20mm thick. The hydrogen pressures at the two faces are 10 kPa and 1 kPa, which are maintained constant. Compute the diffusion flux [in \\left({cm}^{3} STP\\right) / {cm}^{2}-s ] at 350 K. For this diffusion system\n\\[\n\\begin{array}{l}\nP_{M_{0}}=1.45 × 10^{-8}\\left(cm^{3} STP\\right)\\left({cm}^{3} / {cm}^{2}-s-\\mathrm{Pa}\\right. \\\\\nQ_{p}=13.7kJ / mol\n\\end{array}\n\\]\nAlso, assume a condition of steady state diffusion. The diffusion flux is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.54 × 10^{-6} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "1.18 × 10^{-6} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "2.95 × 10^{-7} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}", + "5.90 × 10^{-7} \frac{\text{cm}^{3} \text{STP}}{\text{cm}^{2}·\text{s}}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At 627°C (i.e., 900K), what is the solubility of Fe3C particles with a radius of 100nm in α-Fe? The interfacial energy of Fe3C is known to be 0.71 J/m², and the molar volume of Fe is 23.4×10^-6 m³/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.217×10^-3", + "3.509×10^-3", + "2.894×10^-3", + "5.632×10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aluminum sample, the dislocation density inside the grains is measured to be 5×10^9/cm². Assuming all dislocations are concentrated on the subgrain boundaries; each subgrain has a regular hexagonal cross-section. The misorientation angle between subgrains is 5°, and if all dislocations are edge dislocations, with b = a/2 [101], where the magnitude of the Burgers vector equals 2×10^-10 m, what is the average size of the subgrains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1×10^-4 m", + "2×10^-6 m", + "5×10^-7 m", + "1×10^-5 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay slurry (mainly composed of kaolinite minerals), compare the differences in the body density of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adding Na2CO3 basically has no effect on the body density of the clay, while adding Na2SiO3 increases the body density of the slurry", + "Both Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 decrease the body density of the slurry by similar amounts due to their electrolyte nature", + "Na2CO3 increases the body density more significantly than Na2SiO3 because of its higher ionic strength", + "Na2SiO3 decreases the body density while Na2CO3 increases it, due to their opposite effects on clay particle aggregation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary reason for the appearance of transition phases during the solid-state phase transformation of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To reduce surface energy and facilitate nucleation during phase transformation", + "To accommodate lattice mismatch through elastic deformation without energy dissipation", + "To provide intermediate structures with lower activation energy barriers for diffusion", + "To maintain constant volume conditions during crystallographic reorganization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At the same temperature, when the α phase (85% A, 10% B, 5% C) and β phase (10% A, 20% B, 70% C) each account for 50%, what is the composition of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "47.5% A, 14% B, 38.5% C", + "47.5% A, 15% B, 37.5% C", + "48.5% A, 14.5% B, 37% C", + "47.5% A, 14.5% B, 38% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a Pb-35% Sn alloy at 182°C, determine the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "primary α: 19% Sn, % primary α = 63%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 37%", + "primary α: 19% Sn, % primary α = 37%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 63%", + "primary α: 35% Sn, % primary α = 50%, eutectic: 61.9% Sn, % eutectic = 50%", + "primary α: 10% Sn, % primary α = 70%, eutectic: 50% Sn, % eutectic = 30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During solid-state phase transformation, assuming the new phase nucleus is spherical and the volume free energy change per atom ΔGv=200ΔT/Tc (J/cm³), the critical transformation temperature Tc=1000K, the strain energy Es=4 J/cm³, the coherent interface energy γ_coherent=40×10⁻⁷ J/cm², and the incoherent interface energy γ_incoherent=400×10⁻⁷ J/cm², calculate ΔT when ΔG_coherent* = ΔG_incoherent*. The correct ΔT is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "21K", + "42K", + "10.5K", + "84K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in orientation relationship between growth during recrystallization and growth during solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recrystallization growth maintains a strict Burgers orientation relationship, while solidification growth has random orientation", + "Both processes maintain Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationships with their parent phases", + "Solidification growth follows a specific orientation relationship due to dendritic growth patterns, while recrystallization is random", + "Recrystallization shows no orientation relationship due to strain-induced boundary migration, while solidification maintains cube-on-cube orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of atomic valence on solid solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Valence difference promotes solid solubility by creating charge compensation effects that stabilize the crystal lattice.", + "Atomic valence has no significant effect on solid solubility, as it is primarily determined by atomic size and crystal structure factors.", + "The solubility is always higher when the solute has lower valence than the solvent, due to reduced electron cloud repulsion.", + "The solid solubility of two elements is related to their atomic valence. The solubility of a high-valence element in a low-valence element is greater than that of a low-valence element in a high-valence element." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The twinning plane of a face-centered cubic crystal is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation motion is easiest along <110> directions in FCC crystals", + "The Schmid factor reaches its maximum value at 45° orientation", + "The critical resolved shear stress is independent of crystal orientation", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress is lowest for screw dislocations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a fibrous composite with fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented in all directions, when a stress is applied in any direction, what is the reinforcement efficiency?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The efficiency is 1/3 due to isotropic averaging of Young's modulus", + "The efficiency is 1/5 as derived from orientation averaging of stiffness tensor", + "The efficiency is 3/8 based on Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation", + "The efficiency is 1/2 considering only axial loading components" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an edge dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "At a 45-degree angle", + "The Burgers vector magnitude determines the angle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the process characteristics of high-speed steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quenching from 1220-1250°C ensures complete dissolution of Cr and Mo into austenite for maximum hardness", + "Two-stage preheating at 400°C and 800°C reduces thermal stress by matching thermal expansion coefficients of alloy carbides", + "Triple tempering at 300°C effectively reduces retained austenite below 5% through martensitic transformation", + "Secondary hardening occurs due to precipitation of M7C3 carbides during tempering at 560°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In engineering, it is often considered that the grain size of steel does not grow when heated to 760°C, but will significantly grow at 870°C. If the original grain diameter of the steel is 0.05 mm, the empirical formula for grain growth is D^(1/n)−D0^(1/n)=c t, where D is the grain diameter after growth; D0 is the original grain diameter; c is the proportionality constant; t is the holding time. Given that at 760°C, n=0.1, c=6×10^(−16), the grain diameter of steel with a carbon content of 0.8% after holding at 760°C for 1 hour is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0492 mm", + "0.0508 mm", + "0.0516 mm", + "0.0524 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Parameters of short fiber composite: $\\varphi_{\\mathrm{f}}=0.4$, $d_{\\mathrm{t}}=25\\mu\\mathrm{m}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{{\\scriptscriptstyle M}}}=2500\\mathrm{MPa}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathfrak{m u}}=275~\\mathrm{MPa}$, and the interfacial shear strength between fiber and matrix is $200\\mathrm{MPa}$. Assuming the fiber stress varies linearly at both ends of the fiber, approximately estimate the strength of the randomly oriented short fiber composite when the fiber length is $1~\\mathrm{mm}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "825 MPa", + "1087 MPa", + "1560 MPa", + "475 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes crystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A spontaneous process where atoms arrange into a periodic structure upon cooling below the melting point", + "The process where a glass material transforms to a crystalline solid through heat treatment", + "The alignment of polymer chains under mechanical stress to form ordered domains", + "The precipitation of solute atoms from a supersaturated solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A photomicrograph was taken of a specimen at a magnification of 100 ×, and it was determined that the average number of grains per square inch was 200. What is this specimen's ASTM grain size number?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.9", + "4.9", + "3.9", + "6.9" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the height of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.5 in", + "1.5 in", + "3.0 in", + "2.25 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hall-Petch equation σ=σ₀+kd⁻¹/², given that when annealed for 30 minutes σ=112MPa, d=23μm, and when annealed for 60 minutes σ=103MPa, d=32.5μm, which of the following are the correct values of the constants σ₀ and k?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "σ₀ = 55.3MPa, k = 272MPa·μm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 72.1MPa, k = 198MPa·μm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 48.6MPa, k = 305MPa·mm¹/²", + "σ₀ = 63.8MPa, k = 225MPa·μm⁻¹/²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the steady-state creep data for an iron at a stress level of 140 MPa (20,000 psi) and knowing that the stress exponent n for this alloy is 8.5, what is the steady-state creep rate at 1300 K and a stress level of 83 MPa (12,000 psi)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.15 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "4.31 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "8.62 × 10^{-2}h^{-1}", + "1.72 × 10^{-1}h^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of combined water content in clay after adsorbing the cations H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+ (use arrows to represent: small—large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the characterization methods for dislocation density?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "X-ray diffraction peak broadening and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) direct observation", + "Volume density (length of dislocation lines per unit volume) and surface density (number of dislocation lines perpendicularly passing through a unit area)", + "Resistivity measurements and hardness testing", + "Optical microscopy grain size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface topography" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two characteristic temperatures on the curve of glass properties changing with temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tg and Tm (glass transition and melting temperature)", + "Tg and Tf (glass transition and fictive temperature)", + "Td and Tf (decomposition and fictive temperature)", + "Tm and Tf (melting and fictive temperature)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 2 in. × 8 in. × 10 in. iron casting is produced and, after cooling to room temperature, is found to weigh 43.9 lb. The percent shrinkage that must have occurred during solidification is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.4%", + "6.8%", + "1.7%", + "5.1%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under the same degree of supercooling, compare the critical radius, critical nucleation work, and critical nucleus volume between homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. Which of the following is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical radius is smaller for heterogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleation work is the same; the critical nucleus volume is smaller for homogeneous nucleation", + "The critical radius is the same; the critical nucleation work is higher for homogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleus volume is also larger for homogeneous nucleation", + "The critical radius is larger for homogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleation work is higher for heterogeneous nucleation; the critical nucleus volume is the same", + "All three parameters (critical radius, nucleation work, and nucleus volume) are smaller for heterogeneous nucleation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the equilibrium crystallization process of the Fe-0.4%C alloy and indicate the microstructure constituents at room temperature. The correct microstructure constituents are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+α+Fe3C", + "P+Fe3C", + "α+Fe3C", + "P+α" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For heterogeneous nucleation at grain boundaries (double spherical cap shape, with all interfaces being incoherent), what is the critical nucleus formation energy ΔGb*? Given the contact angle θ=50°, nucleation driving force ΔG1=5×10^8 J/m^3, and incoherent interface energy γin=0.5 J/m^2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.615×10^-18 J", + "1.307×10^-18 J", + "5.230×10^-18 J", + "3.922×10^-18 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is copper not considered for the cylindrical rod subjected to a tensile load of 29,000 N (6500 lb) with a maximum allowed elongation of 1.3mm (0.05 in.)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Copper's elastic modulus is too low to prevent excessive elongation", + "Copper's yield strength is insufficient to withstand the applied stress", + "Copper's FCC structure causes excessive dislocation movement under load", + "Copper's high thermal conductivity leads to premature failure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the atomic number of an element is 32, which of the following is its correct electron configuration based on the knowledge of atomic electronic structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1 4d1", + "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 4p3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the general properties of glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The transformation process is reversible and gradual", + "It exhibits a sharp melting point like crystalline materials", + "Its viscosity follows Arrhenius temperature dependence at all temperatures", + "The glass transition temperature is a material constant independent of cooling rate" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the initial grain size of austenite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The grain size when pearlite-to-austenite transformation is just completed", + "The smallest observable grain size in fully austenitized steel", + "The grain size measured at the Ac3 temperature", + "The average grain size after complete recrystallization" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the effect of component changes on the driving force of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The driving force increases linearly with solute concentration due to enhanced chemical potential gradients", + "The driving force is solely determined by the enthalpy difference between phases, independent of composition", + "Adding solute always decreases the driving force by stabilizing the parent phase through solid solution strengthening", + "The maximum driving force occurs at the eutectic composition where liquid and solid free energy curves intersect" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the theoretical density of α-Fe (given a=0.286nm for α-Fe, Ar(Fe)=55.85, NA=6.023×10²³). The theoretical density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.9123 g/cm³", + "7.8740 g/cm³", + "7.9276 g/cm³", + "7.1234 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a machine tool spindle made of 40Cr steel, the core requires good strength and toughness (200-300HB), while the journal needs to be hard and wear-resistant (HRC54-58). What is the microstructure after preparatory heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bainite with martensite islands", + "pearlite with retained austenite", + "tempered sorbite", + "spheroidized cementite in ferrite matrix" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the ambient temperature likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only if the temperature increase is accompanied by higher humidity to prevent corneal dehydration", + "No, because higher temperature would decrease oxygen solubility in the cornea tissue according to Henry's law", + "Yes, because higher temperature increases oxygen diffusivity through the Arrhenius relationship", + "No, because the diffusion area would decrease due to thermal expansion of corneal proteins" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy having a plane strain fracture toughness of 45 MPa √m (41 ksi √in.) is exposed to a stress of 1000 MPa (145,000 psi). Will this specimen experience fracture if it is known that the largest surface crack is 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) long? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.0.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No fracture occurs because the applied stress is below the yield strength of 4340 steel", + "Fracture occurs because the critical crack length (1.2 mm) exceeds the actual crack size", + "No fracture occurs because the stress intensity factor (38 MPa√m) is below the fracture toughness", + "Fracture occurs because the specimen can only tolerate 927 MPa before fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interfacial energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=2090 J/cm^3 at 900°C, the energy required for the phase transition is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.62×10^-19 J", + "6.48×10^-19 J", + "3.24×10^-19 J", + "2.59×10^-19 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly identifies and corrects the error in the concept: 'At any temperature, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At any undercooling, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all nuclei.", + "At critical undercooling, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all nuclei.", + "Above melting temperature, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos.", + "In undercooled liquids, the maximum structural fluctuations appearing in liquid metals are all embryos." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the cause of the first type of temper brittleness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Segregation of phosphorus and sulfur impurities to grain boundaries during slow cooling", + "Formation of continuous cementite networks at prior austenite grain boundaries", + "Precipitation of discontinuous thin-shell-like carbides along martensite interfaces during decomposition", + "Retention of excessive retained austenite after tempering below 300°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching T8 steel wire to 275°C and holding for 1s, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Bainite (w_C=0.77%)", + "Martensite (w_C=0.8%)", + "Undercooled austenite (w_C=0.77%)", + "Pearlite (w_C=0.8%)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.0 kg of a 99.6 wt % Fe-0.4 wt % C alloy that is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid. How many kilograms of cementite form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.057 kg", + "0.228 kg", + "0.114 kg", + "0.400 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal undergoes allotropic transformation during cooling from high temperature to room temperature with volume expansion, the atomic coordination number of the low-temperature phase is () compared to that of the high-temperature phase.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Unpredictable, depending on the specific crystal structure change", + "Higher, because volume expansion allows more coordination space", + "Identical, as coordination number is independent of phase transformations", + "Lower, due to decreased atomic packing efficiency" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "BCC lithium has a lattice parameter of 3.5089 × 10^-8 cm and contains one vacancy per 200 unit cells. The number of vacancies per cubic centimeter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.157 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³", + "2.314 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³", + "5.785 × 10^19 vacancies/cm³", + "4.628 × 10^20 vacancies/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can increase the number of nuclei during the solidification process, and why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase the cooling rate to enhance the degree of undercooling", + "Add grain refiners to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites", + "Decrease the melt viscosity to allow faster atomic diffusion", + "Increase the holding temperature above the liquidus to homogenize the melt" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following lists the four classifications of steels?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ferritic, Austenitic, Martensitic, Duplex", + "Low Carbon Steels, Medium Carbon Steels, High Carbon Steels, High Alloy Steels", + "Plain Carbon Steels, Low Alloy Steels, Tool Steels, Stainless Steels", + "Hypoeutectoid, Eutectoid, Hypereutectoid, Ledeburitic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Adding 50mol% Na2O to SiO2, can this ratio form a glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the 3D SiO network remains intact despite network modifiers", + "No, because exceeding 30mol% modifier oxides always disrupts glass formation", + "Only if rapidly quenched, otherwise it will crystallize", + "Yes, but only if Al2O3 is also present to stabilize the structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of aluminum is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 28.1 degrees with the tensile axis. The most favored slip direction makes an angle of 62.4 degrees with the tensile axis. If plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of 1.95 MPa (280 psi), what is the critical resolved shear stress for aluminum?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.95 MPa (280 psi)", + "0.80 MPa (114 psi)", + "1.10 MPa (158 psi)", + "0.45 MPa (65 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a disordered solid solution transforms into an ordered solid solution, the general trend in the change of alloy properties is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decreases", + "Increases", + "Remains constant", + "First increases then decreases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients for silver in copper are given at two temperatures: T(°C) = 650, D(m2/s) = 5.5 × 10^-16 and T(°C) = 900, D(m2/s) = 1.3 × 10^-13. What is the magnitude of D at 875°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.3 × 10^-14 m2/s", + "1.3 × 10^-13 m2/s", + "5.5 × 10^-16 m2/s", + "3.7 × 10^-14 m2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the radius of an atom that will just fit into the octahedral site in FCC copper without disturbing the crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.529 Å", + "0.414 Å", + "0.732 Å", + "0.225 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains interstitial atoms below the equilibrium concentration, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Positive climb", + "Negative climb", + "No climb occurs", + "Lateral slip instead of climb" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A structural component is fabricated from an alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 45 MPa. It has been determined that this component fails at a stress of 300 MPa when the maximum length of a surface crack is 0.95 mm. What is the maximum allowable surface crack length (in mm) without fracture for this same component exposed to a stress of 300 MPa and made from another alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 100.0 MPa? The geometry factor Y is the same in both cases.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.11 mm", + "4.69 mm", + "0.42 mm", + "1.55 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal (BCC) rod is stretched along the rod axis [213] direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, determine the final orientation of the test rod (assuming the rod does not fracture before reaching a stable orientation).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[111]", + "[101]", + "[112]", + "[123]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines adhesion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Adhesion is the energy required to separate two bonded surfaces at the atomic scale", + "Adhesion is the intermolecular force that holds particles of the same material together", + "Adhesion describes the resistance of a material to permanent deformation under load", + "Adhesion refers to the attraction between two surfaces in contact, occurring at the solid-liquid interface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the fraction of lattice sites that are Schottky defects for cesium chloride at its melting temperature (645°C), given an energy for defect formation of 1.86 eV?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.57 × 10^{-5}", + "3.94 × 10^{-6}", + "7.87 × 10^{-6}", + "4.72 × 10^{-6}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the third criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Statistical variability of applied loads and material strengths", + "Accuracy of measurement of mechanical forces and/or material properties", + "Consequences of failure in terms of human safety and economic loss", + "Temperature dependence of material properties under service conditions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains excess interstitial atoms, how will the dislocation climb?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Positive climb", + "Negative climb", + "No climb occurs", + "Random 3D motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate tempering process in the process route of round dies made of 9SiCr steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "160-180°C", + "200-220°C", + "250-270°C", + "300-320°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polyethylene polymer materials, the C一H chemical bond belongs to", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The bond length is shorter than in diamond due to sp2 hybridization", + "The bond energy is higher than C一C bonds due to hydrogen's electronegativity", + "The bond exhibits partial ionic character (15%) according to Pauling's scale", + "The bond angle deviates from 109.5° due to polymer chain constraints" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between the magnetic properties of a substance and the filling of electrons outside the atomic nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Substances with completely filled electron shells exhibit ferromagnetism due to strong electron correlation effects", + "Materials with partially filled d-orbitals always show paramagnetism regardless of temperature", + "Diamagnetism occurs only in materials with completely empty outer electron shells", + "The magnetic moment of an atom is solely determined by its nuclear spin configuration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "exponentially dependent on the Fermi level position", + "directly proportional to the band gap energy", + "inversely proportional to the square root of temperature", + "linearly related to the density of states at the conduction band edge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the melting point of aluminum Tm=993K, the volumetric heat of fusion Lm=1.836×10^9 J/m^3, the solid-liquid interface specific surface energy σ=93 mJ/m^2, and the atomic volume V0=1.66×10^-29 m^3. Considering the solidification of liquid aluminum at 1 atm, when the undercooling ΔT=19℃, what is the critical nucleus size r*?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "94.5 nm", + "47.2 nm", + "189 nm", + "63.1 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for lead?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-33°C (-27°F)", + "150°C (302°F)", + "0.3 x melting temperature (97.5°C/207.5°F)", + "Room temperature (20°C/68°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute the number of electrons that each aluminum atom donates, on average, to a bulk piece of aluminum metal. Room temperature data for aluminum: The resistivity of aluminum is 2.63 × 10^{-8} Ω·m, the electron mobility of aluminum is 0.0012 m²/(V·s), the mass density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm³, and the atomic weight of aluminum is 27 g/mol. The number of electrons donated per aluminum atom is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.00 electron/atom", + "3.29 electron/atom", + "2.65 electron/atom", + "3.00 electron/atom" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, the lattice parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.52 Å", + "4.02 Å", + "4.17 Å", + "4.44 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At approximately what temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for tin?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-71°C", + "150°C", + "0°C", + "-196°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the density of fully crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene ρ_c = 2.296 g/cm³ and the density of completely amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene ρ_a = 1.984 g/cm³, calculate the crystallinity of a polytetrafluoroethylene sample with a density of 2.26 g/cm³. The crystallinity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "88.5%", + "92.3%", + "78.2%", + "64.7%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relationship between △L/L and sintering time in the mass transfer process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "△L/L∝t", + "△L/L∝t^(1/3)", + "△L/L∝ln(t)", + "△L/L∝1/t" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following sequences correctly describes the typical processes of aging?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 3) Formation of stable θ phase. 4) Coarsening of θ precipitates", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 3) Formation of stable θ phase. 4) Coarsening of θ precipitates", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 3) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 4) Formation of stable θ phase", + "1) Formation of GP zones. 2) Formation of metastable θ' phase. 3) Formation of metastable θ'' phase. 4) Formation of stable θ phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polypropylene is polymerized from propylene, with the chemical formula C3H6. Crystalline polypropylene belongs to the monoclinic crystal system, with lattice constants α = 0.665 nm, b = 2.096 nm, c = 0.65 nm, α = γ = 90°, β = 99.3°, and a density ρ = 0.91 g/cm³. The number of C and H atoms in the unit cell of crystalline polypropylene is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "36 C atoms and 72 H atoms", + "35 C atoms and 70 H atoms", + "34 C atoms and 68 H atoms", + "32 C atoms and 64 H atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When elongating from L to 2L, the engineering strain εe and true strain εT are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both strains equal 100%", + "εe = 69.3%; εT = 100%", + "εe = 50%; εT = ln(2)", + "εe = 100%; εT = 69.3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). What are the kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 2.25 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.25 kg", + "Pearlite: 2.30 kg, Proeutectoid cementite: 0.20 kg", + "Pearlite: 1.95 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.55 kg", + "Pearlite: 2.12 kg, Proeutectoid ferrite: 0.38 kg" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The basic raw materials of traditional ceramics and its structure are composed of which of the following combinations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "clay, quartz, feldspar / crystalline phase, glass phase, gas phase", + "kaolin, silica, alumina / crystalline phase, amorphous phase, voids", + "clay, silica, feldspar / crystalline phase, vitreous phase, porosity", + "kaolin, quartz, feldspar / crystalline domains, glassy matrix, pores" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the crystallization process of steel with a carbon content of 0.25%?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The liquid phase solidifies into austenite through a continuous cooling transformation, bypassing all peritectic reactions due to the low carbon content.", + "The liquid phase directly transforms into austenite at 1495°C through a peritectic reaction, followed by complete solidification into single-phase austenite without intermediate ferrite formation.", + "The liquid phase first forms δ-ferrite, then undergoes a eutectic reaction at 1148°C to produce a mixture of austenite and cementite.", + "The liquid phase first solidifies into ferrite, and a peritectic reaction occurs at 1495°C to form γ-austenite; upon further cooling, the remaining liquid phase precipitates γ-austenite again, which then transforms into single-phase austenite." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the visible spectrum, an electrical insulator that is a single crystal and without porosity is normally:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density decreases exponentially with annealing temperature", + "The yield strength increases linearly with grain size according to Hall-Petch relationship", + "The electrical conductivity of pure metals is primarily limited by phonon scattering at room temperature", + "The fracture toughness of ceramics is inversely proportional to the square root of grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Fe_xO, Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}=0.1. The vacancy concentration in Fe_xO is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0476", + "0.0910", + "0.0435", + "0.0524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{i}^{* *}?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A doubly ionized calcium vacancy in the crystal structure", + "A neutral calcium atom occupying a substitutional site with double positive charge", + "Ca2+ is located at the interstitial site of the lattice", + "An excited state calcium ion at a regular lattice site" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The polarization P of a dielectric material positioned within a parallel-plate capacitor is to be 4.0 × 10^-6 C/m^2. What must be the dielectric constant if an electric field of 10^5 V/m is applied?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.32", + "4.52", + "5.52", + "3.14" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors primarily determines the concentration of component defects?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal expansion coefficient mismatch", + "Cooling rate during solidification", + "Grain boundary energy anisotropy", + "Doping amount" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a ZrO2 solid solution, for every 6 Zr4+ ions, 1 Ce3+ ion is added to form a cubic lattice of ZrO2. If these cations form an fcc structure and the O2- ions occupy the tetrahedral interstitial sites, how many O2- ions are needed for 100 cations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "157.1 O2- ions", + "200 O2- ions", + "171.4 O2- ions", + "185.7 O2- ions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If manufacturing a continuous aluminum fiber cable with epoxy resin as the matrix and a volume fraction of 0.30, predict the electrical conductivity of the cable. The electrical conductivity of aluminum is $3.8\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$, and the electrical conductivity of epoxy resin is $10^{-11}~\\mathrm{S/m}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "$3.8\\times10^{6}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$1.14\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$1.14\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$", + "$3.8\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{S/m}$" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes secondary banded structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Secondary banding is an artifact of TEM sample preparation causing alternating thick and thin regions in the foil", + "Secondary banding results from rapid quenching causing alternating layers of martensite and retained austenite", + "Secondary banding occurs due to dendritic segregation during solidification, creating alternating solute-rich and solute-poor regions", + "Secondary banding is a product of solid-state transformation where white bands are proeutectoid ferrite and black bands are pearlite under nitric acid alcohol etching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a screw dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At a 45° angle", + "Perpendicular", + "Parallel", + "The relationship depends on the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The solubility of substitutional solid solutions is related to atomic size factor, (1), electron concentration factor, and (2). Which of the following correctly fills in (1) and (2)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) lattice parameter; (2) valence electron ratio", + "(1) electronegativity factor; (2) crystal structure factor", + "(1) stacking fault energy; (2) phase diagram slope", + "(1) thermal expansion coefficient; (2) Burgers vector" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the conditions for the peptization of clay slurry is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Deprotonation of surface hydroxyl groups", + "Polymerization of anions", + "Formation of hydrogen bonds between clay layers", + "Cation exchange capacity reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the type of bonding affect the mechanical properties of materials?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds generally result in higher hardness than covalent bonds due to their delocalized electron structure", + "Ionic materials exhibit superior plasticity compared to metals because ion mobility enables dislocation movement", + "Covalent bonding leads to lower elastic modulus than metallic bonding due to directional bond characteristics", + "Van der Waals bonded materials show higher fracture toughness than metallic systems due to energy dissipation mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The plasticity of a polymer is related to which temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where storage modulus equals loss modulus (tan δ=1)", + "The onset temperature of molecular chain segment motion in DMA curves", + "The temperature at which polymer chains achieve complete freedom of rotation", + "The temperature where polymer transitions from rubbery to viscous flow state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a batch of approximately 10,000 pieces of 45 steel gears subjected to relatively low contact stress but requiring good wear resistance on the teeth and minimal heat treatment deformation, which surface treatment should be selected?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-frequency surface quenching", + "Carburizing followed by quenching", + "Nitriding", + "Electroplating with hard chromium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recrystallization activation energy of a Cu-30%Zn alloy is 250 kJ/mol, and it takes 1 hour for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 400°C, how many hours will it take for this alloy to complete recrystallization at a constant temperature of 390°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.962 h", + "0.510 h", + "2.450 h", + "1.000 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for iron?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "600°C (1112°F)", + "300°C (572°F)", + "450°C (842°F)", + "0.4 × melting temperature (K)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Cr12MoV钢的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr12MoV exhibits superior toughness at cryogenic temperatures due to its bcc crystal structure", + "The high chromium content in Cr12MoV primarily improves its oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures", + "Cr12MoV achieves its hardness through precipitation hardening from vanadium carbides", + "Cr12MoV is commonly used for hot forging dies due to its excellent thermal fatigue resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aluminum specimen, the dislocation density within the grains was measured to be 5×10^9/cm². Assuming all dislocations are concentrated on the subgrain boundaries; each subgrain has a regular hexagonal cross-section. The misorientation angle between subgrains is 5°, and if all dislocations are edge dislocations with b = a/2 [101], the magnitude of the Burgers vector is equal to 2×10^-10 m. What is the dislocation spacing on the subgrain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.75×10^-10 m", + "11.5×10^-10 m", + "46×10^-10 m", + "23×10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal crystallizes and grows vertically, its interface is sometimes smooth and sometimes rough, growing alternately. Which of the following correctly describes the interface type?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The interface remains smooth as it grows vertically with minimal surface energy", + "The interface alternates between smooth and rough due to periodic changes in undercooling", + "The interface is of the rough type due to continuous atomic attachment at multiple sites", + "The interface exhibits faceted growth with alternating smooth and rough regions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound ZrO2-x, the lattice defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defects dominate at temperatures below 0.5Tm", + "Frenkel defects require cation-anion size mismatch", + "Dislocation climb is the primary mechanism for high-temperature creep", + "Grain boundary diffusion has higher activation energy than lattice diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials transmits light with relatively little absorption?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline alumina with 99.9% purity", + "Single crystal sapphire at 1550nm wavelength", + "Amorphous silica glass with OH content <1ppm", + "Hot-pressed spinel (MgAl2O4) with 99.5% density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Highly cold-rolled aluminum sheets will form a well-developed {001}<100> texture (cube texture) after high-temperature annealing. If such an aluminum sheet is deep-drawn into a cup, how many ears will be produced?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No ears will form", + "Four ears", + "Six ears", + "Eight ears" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the relative atomic masses of Cu and Zn are 63.55 and 65.38 respectively, the Avogadro constant is 6.0238×10^23, and x_Zn=3%, what is the average mass of component atoms A in the alloy solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.56 × 10^-23 g", + "63.92 × 10^-23 g", + "1.05 × 10^-22 g", + "64.47 × 10^-23 g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electronegativity difference <0.4", + "Melting point difference <15%", + "Atomic radius difference <8%", + "Crystal structure type" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polyvinyl chloride (C2H3Cl)n is dissolved in an organic solvent, with its C-C bond length set at 0.154nm, and the number of bonds in the chain x=2n. For a molecule with a molecular mass of 28500g, what is its root mean square length?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.65nm", + "3.28nm", + "5.92nm", + "2.17nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the diffusion coefficient of anions generally smaller than that of cations in ionic crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cations experience stronger electrostatic repulsion from surrounding ions, enhancing their mobility", + "Anions have larger ionic radii which increases their activation energy for diffusion", + "Anions form close packing while cations occupy interstitial sites, requiring greater structural rearrangement for anion diffusion", + "The higher polarizability of anions creates stronger local bonding that hinders diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a 1 cm³ brass sample annealed at 700°C with an initial grain diameter of 2.16×10⁻³ cm, the grain boundary energy of brass is 0.5 J/m². A calorimeter measured a total heat release of 0.035 J after holding for 2 hours. Determine the grain size after holding for 2 hours:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.2×10⁻² cm", + "4.3×10⁻³ cm", + "8.9×10⁻³ cm", + "6.5×10⁻⁴ cm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire with a diameter of 0.89 mm has σ_ss=980 MPa and σ_sb=1,130 MPa. There is also an aluminum alloy with σ_as=255 MPa and σ_ab=400 MPa. Their densities are known to be ρ_s=7.85 g/cm³ and ρ_a=2.7 g/cm³, respectively. If the aluminum wire is to bear the same maximum load without deformation, how much heavier or lighter is it compared to the steel wire (expressed as a percentage)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "32% heavier", + "28% lighter", + "45% heavier", + "12% lighter" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the number-average relative molecular weight of linear polytetrafluoroethylene is 5×10^5, its C-C bond length is 0.154 nm, and the bond angle θ is 109°, its root-mean-square length is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "31.2 nm", + "24.7 nm", + "7.8 nm", + "15.4 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the oxidation resistance of NiO and W-doped NiO (i.e., NiO-WO3). Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "W-doped NiO (NiO-WO3) has reduced oxidation resistance compared to pure NiO", + "W-doped NiO forms a protective WO3 layer that enhances oxidation resistance", + "Both materials show identical oxidation resistance due to similar crystal structures", + "Pure NiO undergoes catastrophic oxidation while W-doped NiO remains stable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the recovery activation energy of a zinc single crystal is $20000\\mathrm{J/mol}$, removing $2\\%$ of the work hardening at $50^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ requires $13\\textup{d}$. How much should the temperature be increased to remove the same amount of work hardening in $5\\textrm{min}$? The recovery temperature should be:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "273 K", + "323 K", + "373 K", + "423 K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are Schottky defects the predominant point defects in MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high melting point of MgO thermodynamically favors Schottky defect formation", + "The similar ionic radii of Mg2+ and O2- favor vacancy pair formation over interstitials", + "The octahedral site occupancy of Mg2+ creates high energy barriers for interstitial formation", + "The rock salt structure inherently prevents Frenkel defects through its symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following accurately describes the difference between grain growth and secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth involves uniform coarsening of all grains with pores remaining at boundaries, while secondary recrystallization features abnormal growth of select grains that engulf pores", + "Both processes result in uniform grain size increase, but secondary recrystallization occurs at higher temperatures than normal grain growth", + "Grain growth is driven by surface energy reduction, while secondary recrystallization is caused by strain energy differences between grains", + "Secondary recrystallization requires the presence of impurities to pin boundaries, whereas grain growth occurs in pure materials without impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the ionic radii of K⁺ and Cl⁻ are 0.133nm and 0.181nm respectively, and KCl has a CsCl-type structure, what is its packing fraction κ?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.680", + "0.728", + "0.785", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose we introduce one carbon atom for every 100 iron atoms in an interstitial position in BCC iron, giving a lattice parameter of 0.2867 nm. For the Fe-C alloy, the density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.02 g/cm³", + "7.89 g/cm³", + "7.65 g/cm³", + "7.93 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 3-in.-diameter rod of copper is to be reduced to a 2-in.-diameter rod by being pushed through an opening. To account for the elastic strain, what should be the diameter of the opening? The modulus of elasticity for the copper is 17 × 10^{6} psi and the yield strength is 40,000 psi.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.015 in.", + "2.005 in.", + "1.985 in.", + "1.995 in." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 to dilute the same type of clay (mainly composed of kaolinite mineral) slurry, respectively, compare the differences in fluidity of the two slurries when the same amount of electrolyte is added.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Na2CO3 increases fluidity more than Na2SiO3 due to stronger ionic dissociation", + "Both electrolytes decrease fluidity by compressing the double layer", + "Adding Na2CO3 has no effect while Na2SiO3 increases fluidity", + "Na2SiO3 decreases fluidity by forming silicate networks" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Titanium (Ti) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. If the c/a ratio is 1.58, what are the values of c and a?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a = 0.295 nm, c = 0.466 nm", + "a = 0.296 nm, c = 0.468 nm", + "a = 0.468 nm, c = 0.296 nm", + "a = 0.301 nm, c = 0.476 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of vacancies n in 1 cm³ of copper at 1000°C, given the average vacancy concentration C≈6.27×10⁻⁵ and the number of atoms N≈0.84×10²³.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.27×10²³", + "6.27×10¹⁸", + "5.27×10¹⁸", + "0.84×10²³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the minimum radius of an atom that will just fit into the octahedral interstitial site in BCC lithium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.225 Å", + "0.414 Å", + "0.732 Å", + "0.629 Å" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What material is suitable for steam turbine blades?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ti-6Al-4V with 0.2% oxygen content", + "2Cr13", + "Inconel 718 aged at 760°C for 10 hours", + "Single crystal CMSX-4 superalloy with [001] orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two types of voids in the closest packing of equal spheres?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial and substitutional voids", + "Octahedral and tetrahedral voids", + "Hexagonal close packing and face-centered cubic close packing", + "Bravais and non-Bravais voids" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the phase rule, what does the maximum number of equilibrium phases in a ternary system appear as on the phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Line", + "Plane", + "Point", + "Volume" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After heating T8 steel wire to 870°C and holding for 1h, what is its phase and composition?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Austenite with 0.8% C", + "Ferrite with 0.77% C", + "Austenite with 0.77% C", + "Pearlite with 0.77% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the hardness and microstructure in an eutectoid steel that has been heated to 700°C, quenched to 650°C and held for 500s, and finally quenched to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HRC =15 and the microstructure is spheroidized cementite in ferrite matrix", + "HRC =45 and the microstructure is bainite with some martensite", + "HRC =65 and the microstructure is fully martensitic", + "HRC =25 and the microstructure is all pearlite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following materials has the larger thermal conductivity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Polycrystalline alumina with 95% density", + "Fused silica (amorphous SiO2)", + "Quartz (crystalline SiO2) along the c-axis", + "Single crystal diamond along <100> direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What cooling rate v is required to avoid spinodal decomposition at 550K when cooling from 850K to 550K, given the required time t=173.6 s?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.88 K/s", + "1.44 K/s", + "0.72 K/s", + "3.16 K/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly compares the characteristics of carbon steel and alloy steel in terms of performance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Alloying elements in steel primarily improve machinability, while carbon content determines the ultimate tensile strength regardless of heat treatment", + "While alloy steel generally has better corrosion resistance, carbon steel maintains superior toughness at cryogenic temperatures due to reduced interstitial effects", + "The yield strength of medium carbon steel (0.3-0.6% C) typically exceeds that of low-alloy steels (e.g., 4140) when both are in the annealed condition", + "Carbon steel exhibits higher thermal conductivity than alloy steel due to its simpler composition, but alloy steel surpasses it in all mechanical properties" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines the lattice constant?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lengths a, b, c of the three adjacent edges in a unit cell and the angles α, β, γ between these edges determine the size and shape of the unit cell", + "The minimum distance between two adjacent lattice points in a crystal structure", + "A constant value representing the average atomic spacing in any crystalline material", + "The ratio of unit cell volume to the number of atoms in the basis for a given crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the angle between (111) and (111) in a simple cubic crystal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "90°", + "109°28′", + "70°32′", + "54°44′" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of materials, which has the larger thermal conductivity? Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) (DP =1000); linear and syndiotactic polystyrene (DP=1000)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Linear and syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) due to higher crystallinity from chlorine's steric effects", + "Linear and syndiotactic polystyrene due to its more rigid phenyl side groups", + "Both have equal thermal conductivity as they share identical syndiotactic configuration", + "Polystyrene due to lower density from bulky phenyl groups reducing phonon scattering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "High elastic alloys have:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High stacking fault energy and high Peierls stress", + "Low stacking fault energy and high Peierls stress", + "High stacking fault energy and low Peierls stress", + "Low stacking fault energy and low Peierls stress" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the prime reason for fabricating laminar composites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To create anisotropic properties with maximum strength along the fiber direction", + "To maximize the through-thickness thermal conductivity", + "To achieve high strength in all directions within the plane of the laminate", + "To minimize interfacial bonding strength between layers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, the packing factor is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.678", + "0.785", + "0.740", + "0.524" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the formation temperatures of bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlitic transformation occurs in the high-temperature region (below A1), bainitic transformation occurs in the medium-temperature region (below Bs), and martensitic transformation occurs in the low-temperature region (below Ms)", + "All three transformations occur below the eutectoid temperature, with pearlite forming first, followed by bainite, and martensite forming last", + "Martensitic transformation occurs at the highest temperature (above A3), followed by bainitic transformation, with pearlitic transformation occurring at the lowest temperature", + "Bainitic and pearlitic transformations occur simultaneously in the same temperature range, while martensitic transformation occurs at much lower temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to solidification theory, how does vibration crystallization refine the grain size of castings?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mechanical vibration disrupts dendrite growth by introducing dislocations at grain boundaries", + "Vibration increases nucleation sites by promoting heterogeneous nucleation at impurities", + "Acoustic waves from vibration reduce surface tension at the solid-liquid interface", + "Periodic stress fields from vibration prevent solute segregation during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what equation does the expression for interplanar spacing (d_{ ext {hkl }}) reduce for crystals having cubic symmetry, given that (a,(b), and c are the lattice parameters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "d = a/(h + k + l)", + "d = a/√(h² + k² + l²)", + "1/d = (h + k + l)/a", + "1/d² = (h² + k² + l²)/a²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical metal alloy has a grain diameter of 2.4 × 10^{-2} mm. After a heat treatment at 575^{\\circ} C for 500min, the grain diameter has increased to 7.3 × 10^{-2} mm. Compute the time required for a specimen of this same material (i.e., \\mathrm{d}_{0}=2.4 × 10^{-2}mm ) to achieve a grain diameter of 5.5 × 10^{-2}mm while being heated at 575^{\\circ} C. Assume the N grain diameter exponent has a value of 2.2. The time required is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "184 min", + "246 min", + "317 min", + "412 min" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal test bar with a length of 20cm and a cross-sectional area of 4cm² is fixed at the upper end, and a tensile force of 980N is applied at the lower end. What are the normal stress and shear stress on a plane that forms a 0° angle with the central axis of the metal test bar?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "normal stress σθ=245MPa; shear stress τθ=0", + "normal stress σθ=0; shear stress τθ=0", + "normal stress σθ=0; shear stress τθ=245MPa", + "normal stress σθ=245MPa; shear stress τθ=245MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the types of quenching methods?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martempering (martensite tempering)", + "Single-liquid quenching", + "Graded quenching", + "Austenitizing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to produce malleable cast iron in pieces having large cross-sectional dimensions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the required rapid cooling rate for white iron formation cannot be achieved in thick sections", + "Yes, by using specialized alloying elements that promote graphite formation throughout the cross-section", + "Yes, if the heat treatment time is extended proportionally to the section thickness", + "No, because malleable iron inherently has poor mechanical properties in large dimensions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The equilibrium solubility of Fe3C in α-Fe measured by internal friction method is given by C=0.736exp(-4850/T), where T is the temperature. Determine the equilibrium solubility of Fe3C in α-Fe at 627°C (i.e., 900K).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.36×10^-3", + "4.85×10^-3", + "0.736×10^-3", + "9.00×10^-3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. The critical resolved shear stress is known to be 0.1kgf/mm², and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215]. The final stable orientation of the crystal (assuming the test bar does not fracture before reaching the stable orientation) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[110]", + "[111]", + "[215]", + "[101]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "It is known that the stacking fault energy of a certain stainless steel is very low, γ=0.013 J/m². It is cold-pressed with a reduction of 8%, followed by recrystallization annealing. Which of the following describes its recrystallization nucleation mechanism?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Particle-stimulated nucleation from second-phase precipitates", + "Subgrain coalescence mechanism driven by high stacking fault energy", + "Twin boundary migration nucleation due to extremely low stacking fault energy", + "Bow-out nucleation mechanism due to dislocation density gradient at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The property of polymers that allows them to change conformation is called:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Viscoelasticity", + "Flexibility", + "Conformational Entropy", + "Tacticity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO has a NaCl-type structure. The ionic radius of Mg2+ is 0.078nm, and the ionic radius of O2- is 0.132nm. What is the packing fraction (K) of MgO?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.524", + "0.740", + "0.680", + "0.627" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect on lattice activation after forming a solid solution?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lattice distortion increases activation energy due to strain fields", + "The lattice maintains its original activation state with no significant change", + "The solid solution decreases activation energy by introducing defects", + "The activation state depends solely on the solute concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the mechanical states of high polymers with larger molecular weight that are not completely crystalline?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline state", + "High elastic state", + "Glassy state", + "Viscous flow state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the number-average molecular weight of a random poly(isobutylene-isoprene) copolymer with a fraction of isobutylene repeat units of 0.25 and a degree of polymerization of 1500?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "112,300 g/mol", + "85,500 g/mol", + "97,700 g/mol", + "64,800 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the main reason dislocations promote nucleation when the new phase nucleates on the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocations increase the local atomic vibration frequency, which provides additional thermal energy to overcome the nucleation barrier", + "When the new phase nucleates on the dislocation line, the dislocation disappears at the nucleation site, and the released elastic strain energy reduces the nucleation work, thereby promoting nucleation", + "The stress field around dislocations creates preferential sites for solute segregation, lowering the interfacial energy between matrix and nucleus", + "Dislocation cores act as high-diffusivity paths that accelerate atomic transport to the nucleation site" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the maximum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 90 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 67 W/m·K for TiC and Ni, respectively. The maximum thermal conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "58.2 W/m·K", + "31.0 W/m·K", + "27.6 W/m·K", + "64.3 W/m·K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Lithium fluoride (LiF) has a NaCl-type structure, and its measured density is 2.6 g/cm³. Based on this data, the unit cell parameter is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.408 nm", + "0.402 nm", + "0.405 nm", + "0.395 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ and normal pressure, mercury with a radius of $10~\\mathrm{^{-3}}\\mathrm{m}$ is dispersed into small mercury droplets with a radius of $10^{-9}\\mathrm{m}$. The surface tension of mercury at $20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ is $0.47\\mathrm{N/m}$. Calculate the work required for this process.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "59 W", + "5.9 kJ", + "0.47 J", + "470 mN/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the actual density of α-Fe (given that for every 200 iron atoms there is 1 H atom, Ar(H)=1.008, a=0.286nm, NA=6.023×10²³). The correct density is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "7.8655 g/cm³", + "7.8740 g/cm³", + "7.9821 g/cm³", + "7.9283 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In fluorite, what type of voids are entirely occupied by F- ions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Tetrahedral", + "Octahedral", + "Cubic", + "Trigonal bipyramidal" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the number of valence electrons in CaO and MgO, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the electron concentration condition for forming a solid solution.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO has more valence electrons than MgO, but the difference is small enough to allow solid solution formation", + "CaO and MgO have the same number of valence electrons, meeting the electron concentration condition for forming a solid solution", + "MgO has more valence electrons than CaO, preventing solid solution formation due to electron concentration mismatch", + "While both have the same number of valence electrons, the large size difference between Ca and Mg prevents solid solution formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is completely graphitized, what type of cast iron structure is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ferrite + cementite", + "Pearlite + graphite", + "F+G (graphite)", + "Austenite + graphite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do transition phases appear during the precipitation process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "To minimize interfacial energy by forming coherent interfaces with the matrix", + "Because they have lower activation energy for nucleation than the equilibrium phase", + "Due to the need to maintain lattice continuity during phase transformation", + "As a result of kinetic limitations preventing direct formation of the equilibrium phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of atoms in the critical nucleus for copper with a face-centered cubic crystal structure (a=0.3615nm).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "456", + "128", + "216", + "512" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the two major categories of ceramic crystal phases?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Structural ceramics and functional ceramics", + "Crystalline ceramics and amorphous ceramics", + "Oxide ceramics and silicate ceramics", + "Ionic ceramics and covalent ceramics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the stacking fault energy Y=0.01 J/m², shear modulus G=7 × 10^10 Pa, lattice constant α=0.3 nm, Poisson's ratio v=0.3 for an fcc crystal, the equilibrium separation distance between the two partial dislocations $\\frac{a}{6}[11\\vec{2}]$ and $\\frac{a}{6}[2\\overline{{{1}}}\\overline{{{1}}}]$ is approximately:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.7852×10⁻⁹ m", + "1.3926×10⁻⁹ m", + "6.963×10⁻¹⁰ m", + "3.4815×10⁻⁹ m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For edge dislocations, which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of the dislocation line direction, Burgers vector, and dislocation motion direction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation line is parallel to the Burgers vector and perpendicular to the direction of motion", + "The dislocation line is perpendicular to both the Burgers vector and the direction of motion", + "The dislocation line is perpendicular to the Burgers vector and parallel to the direction of motion", + "All three vectors (dislocation line, Burgers vector, motion direction) are mutually perpendicular" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the effect of undercooling variation on the driving force during solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The relationship follows an inverse logarithmic dependence: ΔG = -Rln(1+ΔT/T0) where R is the gas constant", + "Undercooling has no effect on driving force since solid-state transformations are diffusion-controlled rather than thermally activated", + "The driving force increases quadratically with undercooling, as described by ΔG = -k(ΔT)^2 where k is a material-specific constant", + "Driving force shows a linear dependence on undercooling only below a critical temperature threshold Tc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can you distinguish between 45 steel and HT150 metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Observing the color difference in fracture surfaces under UV light", + "Measuring the Vickers hardness at identical indentation loads", + "Comparing the fracture surface roughness with profilometry", + "Analyzing the acoustic emission frequency during fracture" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If diffusion occurs in a Cu-Al diffusion couple, in which direction will the interface marker move?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Toward the Cu side due to higher Al vacancy concentration", + "Toward the Al side due to faster Cu diffusion in Al", + "Remains stationary as diffusion rates are equal", + "Oscillates due to competing Kirkendall effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of Al2O3 is 3.8g/cm3. How many atoms are contained in 1g of Al2O3?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.90×10^22", + "1.18×10^22", + "2.95×10^22", + "3.54×10^22" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the methods of alloy strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain refinement strengthening", + "Martensitic transformation without alloying", + "Solid solution strengthening", + "Recrystallization annealing" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A common polymer has C2H2Cl2 as its monomer, with an average molecular weight of 60000u (using the relative atomic masses of the elements as Ar(C)=12, Ar(H)=1, Ar(Cl)=35.5). What is the mass of the monomer?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "60000u/mol", + "194u/mol", + "48.5u/mol", + "97u/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the crystal structure for a metal with a0=4.9489 Å, r=1.75 Å and one atom per lattice point. The correct crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "simple cubic", + "bcc", + "hcp", + "fcc" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch without any magnification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "80000 grains/in.^2", + "160000 grains/in.^2", + "640000 grains/in.^2", + "320000 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in diffusion coefficients of carbon in α-Fe and γ-Fe due to their structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered cubic structure has higher atomic packing density, restricting carbon diffusion", + "The face-centered cubic structure has more interstitial sites, leading to higher carbon solubility but lower mobility", + "Both structures have similar diffusion coefficients due to identical iron coordination numbers", + "The face-centered cubic structure has lower activation energy for carbon diffusion because of its higher symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In terms of the lattice constant, what is the atomic diameter in the HCP crystal structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Equal to the lattice constant 'a'", + "√(8/3) times the lattice constant 'a'", + "Equal to the height 'c' of the unit cell", + "√(3/2) times the lattice constant 'a'" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of the casting time of clay slurry when adsorbing the cations H+, Al3+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+, Li+?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After cold working, the dislocation density of $\\mathbf{A}\\mathbf{g}$ is $10^{12}/\\mathfrak{c m}^{2}$. Assuming that the recrystallization nucleus moves from a high-angle grain boundary into the deformed matrix, the minimum radius of curvature for the bulging grain boundary is: ($\\mathbf{A}\\mathbf{g}_{:}G=30\\mathrm{GPa},b=0.3\\mathrm{nm},\\gamma=0.4\\mathrm{J}/\\mathrm{m}^{2}$)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "29 nm", + "58 nm", + "14.5 nm", + "43.5 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the alloying principles of aluminum alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fe and Ni are intentionally added to improve corrosion resistance through passive film formation", + "Li is the most effective alloying element for increasing specific stiffness through solid solution strengthening", + "Sc and Zr are added to create nano-scale precipitates that stabilize the alloy at elevated temperatures", + "Cu, Mg, Zn, Si, Mn are added primarily to form intermetallic compounds that enhance strength while maintaining ductility" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When transforming from the cubic ZnS-type structure to the NaCl-type structure, what is the percentage change in volume? Given that for CN=6, ${r_{\\mathrm{{Mn}}}}^{2+}=0.08\\mathrm{{nm}}$, $\\ensuremath{r_{\\mathrm{s}}}^{2-}=0.184\\mathrm{nm}$; and for CN=4, ${r_{\\mathrm{Mn}}}^{2+}\\mathrm{=}0.073\\mathrm{nm}$, ${r_{\\mathrm{S}}}^{2-}{=}0.167\\mathrm{nm}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "52.40%", + "38.72%", + "46.15%", + "41.88%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why does an alloy of eutectic composition form a microstructure consisting of alternating layers of the two solid phases upon solidification?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The layered morphology results from preferential crystal growth along specific crystallographic directions", + "The alternating layers form to maximize interfacial energy between the phases", + "The eutectic reaction requires simultaneous nucleation of both phases in a periodic pattern", + "The layered structure minimizes the diffusion path length during solid-state phase separation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a crystal has a high density of line defects (dislocations) or planar defects (grain boundaries, twin boundaries, etc.), its strength will significantly increase. What are these phenomena called?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Work hardening and Hall-Petch effect", + "Strain hardening and grain boundary strengthening", + "Dislocation pinning and Zener drag", + "Solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For refractory ceramic materials, which two characteristics are adversely affected by increasing porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermal conductivity and fracture toughness", + "Load-bearing capacity and resistance to attack by corrosive materials", + "Elastic modulus and dielectric strength", + "Thermal shock resistance and creep resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Would you expect Frenkel defects for anions to exist in ionic ceramics in relatively large concentrations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the high temperature processing of ceramics creates sufficient vacancies for anion Frenkel pairs", + "No, because the anion is quite large and is highly unlikely to exist as an interstitial", + "Yes, because the charge neutrality condition requires equal numbers of cation and anion Frenkel defects", + "No, because anions typically have lower formation energies for Schottky defects compared to Frenkel defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the电价规则, when half of the octahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valence cations should be inserted into the interstices?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 1:1, such as NaCl", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 2:1, such as MgO", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 1:2, such as TiO2", + "The valence ratio of anions to cations should be 3:2, such as Al2O3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the resistance (shear stress) that dislocation slip needs to overcome is 9.8×10^5 Pa for copper, the shear modulus G of copper is 4×10^10 Pa, and the lattice constant is 0.55 nm. How thick is the low-dislocation-density layer on the surface of copper? It is known that copper has a face-centered cubic structure, and the Burgers vector length is 0.36/√2 nm = 0.255 nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.14×10^-7 m", + "8.28×10^-7 m", + "1.24×10^-6 m", + "2.07×10^-7 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the liquid-solid interfacial energy of pure liquid nickel σ=2.53×10^-5 J/cm^2, the critical nucleus radius r*=1 nm, the melting point of pure nickel Tm=1726 K, the heat of fusion ΔLm=18075 J/mol, the molar volume Vs=6.6 cm^3/mol, and the undercooling ΔT=319 K, calculate the critical nucleation work ΔG*.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.30×10^-19 J", + "3.18×10^-18 J", + "1.06×10^-18 J", + "2.12×10^-18 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, what is the composition and amount of each phase present at 720 degrees C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "alpha: 0.0218% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%", + "alpha: 0.0218% C, 87%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 13%", + "gamma: 0.77% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%", + "alpha: 0.77% C, 83%; Fe3C: 6.67% C, 17%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The Tf of the glass phase in ceramics is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "melting point of crystalline phase", + "glass transition temperature", + "viscous flow temperature", + "sintering onset temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A copper single crystal is subjected to tension with the tensile axis along the [001] direction and σ=10^6 Pa. The force acting on a screw dislocation line with Burgers vector b=(a/2)[1̄01] on the (111) plane is: (Given a_Cu=0.36 nm)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.20×10^(-5) N/m", + "2.08×10^(-4) N/m", + "1.04×10^(-4) N/m", + "7.35×10^(-5) N/m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The viscosity corresponding to the glass transition temperature Tf is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The temperature where free volume disappears according to free volume theory", + "The temperature where configurational entropy becomes zero according to Adam-Gibbs theory", + "The temperature where viscosity reaches 1012 Pa·s in oxide glasses", + "The temperature where relaxation time reaches 100 seconds in polymer glasses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a Schottky defect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A vacancy defect formed by displaced atoms migrating to the outer surface under thermal equilibrium conditions", + "An interstitial defect caused by high-energy particle bombardment creating Frenkel pairs", + "A charge-neutral defect complex consisting of cation vacancies and anion vacancies in equal numbers", + "A lattice distortion defect resulting from size mismatch between dopant and host atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a cubic crystal with side length L, what is the volume change rate ΔV0/V0 due to thermal expansion when the temperature increases from T1 to T2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3 × (ΔL/L)", + "(ΔL/L)^3", + "3 × α × (T2-T1)", + "α × (T2-T1)^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Most polymers and ionic ceramics have energy band gap structures that are most similar to those of", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The theoretical shear strength of a perfect crystal", + "The Peierls-Nabarro stress for dislocation motion in BCC metals", + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals", + "The stress required for twinning in HCP metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the yield strength of industrial pure copper is ${\\pmb{\\sigma{s}}}=70~{\\bf M}{\\bf P}{\\bf a}$, its grain size is $N{\\mathrm{A}}=18$ per $'\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}$, and when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=$ $\\bf{4025}$ per $\\scriptstyle{\\prime}{\\mathbf{m}\\mathbf{m}^{2}}$, ${\\pmb{\\sigma}}{\\mathsf{S}}={\\pmb{95}}\\mathbf{M}\\mathbf{P}{\\bf a}$. Calculate ${\\pmb\\sigma_{\\mathfrak{s}}}$ when $N{\\mathbf{A}}=260$ per $\\scriptstyle{\\left/{\\mathfrak{m m}}^{2}\\right.}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "68.9 MPa", + "72.1 MPa", + "85.6 MPa", + "78.3 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the alloy phase and structural characteristics of CuZn?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CuZn is an electron compound, c/a=3.12, with a body-centered cubic structure", + "CuZn is an interstitial compound with a hexagonal close-packed structure and c/a=1.633", + "CuZn is a substitutional alloy with face-centered cubic structure and lattice parameter 0.361 nm", + "CuZn is an intermetallic compound with CsCl-type structure and electron concentration 3/2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electron concentration factor", + "Crystal structure compatibility", + "Atomic radius difference <15%", + "Thermal expansion coefficient matching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal test bar of an FCC metal with a cross-sectional area of 10 cm² is subjected to a compression test along the axial direction. The critical resolved shear stress is known to be 0.1 kgf/mm², and the initial orientation of the bar axis is [215]. Which of the following is the initial slip system (specific indices are required)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111)[112]", + "(111)[101]", + "(111)[110]", + "(111)[011]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Into what categories can polymer materials be classified by application?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, composites, blends", + "Structural, functional, smart, biodegradable, conductive", + "Plastics, rubber, fibers, adhesives, coatings", + "Organic, inorganic, hybrid, natural, synthetic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared with pure iron, how do the plasticity and toughness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher due to reduced dislocation density", + "Lower because of increased grain boundary resistance", + "Remains unchanged as both are BCC structures", + "Depends on the carbon content in ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A cylindrical specimen of cold-worked copper has a ductility (%EL) of 25%. If its cold-worked radius is 10mm (0.40 in.), what was its radius before deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "9.8mm (0.386 in.)", + "11.2mm (0.441 in.)", + "10.6mm (0.424 in.)", + "12.5mm (0.492 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the relative content of each microstructural constituent in an alloy containing 0.40% C when it is cooled to room temperature under equilibrium conditions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "w_P=49.5%; w_a=50.5%", + "w_P=50.5%; w_a=49.5%", + "w_P=72.4%; w_a=27.6%", + "w_P=27.6%; w_a=72.4%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the thermodynamic theory of diffusion, the condition for reverse diffusion to occur is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "the concentration gradient exceeds the critical value for uphill diffusion", + "the thermodynamic factor of the diffusion coefficient is less than 0", + "the chemical potential gradient is positive while the concentration gradient is negative", + "the activation energy for diffusion becomes temperature-dependent" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hume-Rothery rules, which of the following statements correctly describes the influence of crystal structure on solubility?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Different crystal structures can form infinite solid solutions if their electronegativity difference is less than 0.4", + "The difference in crystal structure can be compensated by adjusting the atomic size factor to achieve complete solubility", + "Crystal structure similarity is necessary but not sufficient for forming extensive solid solutions", + "Only when the two components have the same crystal structure can they form an infinite (or continuous) solid solution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these two microconstituents are 0.286 and 0.714, respectively. What is the concentration of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.77%", + "0.55%", + "0.22%", + "0.40%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the main difference between cast iron and carbon steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cast iron has higher thermal conductivity due to its graphite flakes acting as phonon scattering centers", + "Carbon steel exhibits better corrosion resistance because its microstructure forms a passive oxide layer", + "The key difference is in their carbon solubility limits: 0.77% for steel vs 4.3% for cast iron at eutectic temperature", + "Cast iron contains silicon as a mandatory alloying element while carbon steel does not" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The magnetic flux density within a bar of some material is 0.630 tesla at an H field of 5 x 10^5 A/m. What is the magnetic permeability for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.260 x 10^-6 H/m", + "1.260 x 10^-6 T·m/A", + "1.260 x 10^-3 H/m", + "1.260 x 10^-3 T·m/A" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Critical deformation degree'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimum pre-cold deformation required for metal to undergo recrystallization at a given temperature", + "The maximum strain a material can withstand before fracture during hot working", + "The deformation threshold where dislocation density reaches saturation in a single crystal", + "The critical strain required to initiate dynamic recrystallization during deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the configuration of polymer chains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The average molecular weight distribution of polymer chains in solution", + "The temporary physical entanglement of polymer chains under mechanical stress", + "The spatial geometric arrangement of atoms in polymers fixed by chemical bonds", + "The dynamic folding pattern of polymer chains determined by secondary interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the phase diagram of a ternary condensed system, if there are n boundary lines, the number of connection lines in this phase diagram must be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The number of connection lines is determined by the Gibbs phase rule alone", + "The number of connection lines is always half the number of boundary lines", + "The number of connection lines equals the number of invariant points", + "The number of connection lines equals the number of phases minus one" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and the third nearest Cl− ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.414nm", + "0.486nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.622nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the tempering temperature range required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Temper at a temperature higher than 330°C, but less than 727°C", + "Temper at a temperature between 200°C and 400°C to avoid excessive softening", + "Temper at 727°C to achieve optimal hardness reduction while maintaining strength", + "Temper below 330°C to retain sufficient martensite hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 850-lb force is applied to a 0.15-in. diameter nickel wire having a yield strength of 45,000 psi and a tensile strength of 55,000 psi. What will happen to the wire?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The wire will fracture immediately due to stress concentration", + "The wire will undergo uniform plastic deformation without necking", + "The wire will experience significant necking followed by rupture", + "The wire will return to its original shape after elastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A single crystal of aluminum is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 28.1 degrees with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 62.4 degrees, 72.0 degrees, and 81.1 degrees with the same tensile axis. Which of these three slip directions is most favored?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The slip direction with the largest angle (81.1°) to the tensile axis", + "The slip direction with the smallest angle (62.4°) to the tensile axis", + "The slip direction with the angle closest to 45° (72.0°) to the tensile axis", + "All three slip directions are equally favored due to crystal symmetry" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following iron-carbon alloys and associated microstructures has the highest tensile strength?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.80 wt% C with tempered martensite (200°C tempering)", + "0.40 wt% C with lower bainite", + "0.60 wt% C with fine pearlite", + "0.25 wt% C with upper bainite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What determines the characteristic color of a transparent nonmetal?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The selective absorption of specific wavelengths by electronic transitions", + "The energy band gap between the valence and conduction bands", + "The distribution of wavelengths of the nonabsorbed light radiation that is transmitted through the material", + "The refractive index dispersion characteristics of the material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the partial pressure of surrounding oxygen is increased, how will the density of the non-stoichiometric compound Zn1+xO change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Decrease due to formation of zinc vacancies", + "Increase due to incorporation of interstitial oxygen atoms", + "Remain unchanged as the crystal structure is unaffected", + "First decrease then increase due to competing defect mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes active oxygen?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "oxygen in silicate structures with partially unsaturated valence", + "oxygen radicals generated during polymer degradation", + "oxygen atoms participating in covalent bonding with transition metals", + "oxygen vacancies in oxide ceramics acting as charge carriers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the critical volume fraction φtr of Al2O3 short fiber reinforced composite, given the matrix tensile strength σm=186MPa, yield strength σy=76MPa, and fiber stress σf=2190MPa.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.052", + "0.034", + "0.072", + "0.096" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Silica refractory ceramics are often used for the containment of slags that are rich in", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is a material constant that remains unchanged across different crystal structures", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid when grain size exceeds 100 nm due to the dominance of grain boundary sliding", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect occurs below 10 nm grain size because grain boundaries act as dislocation sources", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the elastic modulus of sintered alumina is $370\\mathrm{GPa}$ when its porosity is $5\\%$, if the elastic modulus of another sintered alumina is $270~\\mathrm{GPa}$, what is its porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "27.0 GPa", + "14.2%", + "19.6%", + "5.0%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can the lever rule be used to analyze the relative content of each phase in the horizontal section of a ternary equilibrium phase diagram?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lever rule applies because the composition of each phase is fixed at a given temperature on the horizontal section", + "The lever rule can be used because the ternary system reduces to a binary system on the horizontal section", + "The lever rule is applicable due to the constant chemical potential gradient across phases", + "The lever rule works because the horizontal section represents an isothermal plane where Gibbs phase rule allows phase fraction calculation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The true strain experienced by this aluminum rod is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "19.47%", + "17.82%", + "21.35%", + "23.14%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Carburize industrial pure iron at 920°C. If the carbon concentration on the workpiece surface remains constant, i.e., w_C=1.2%, the diffusion coefficient D=1.5×10^-11 m^2/s, and carburize for 10h. If the carburized layer depth is defined as the distance from the surface to where the carbon mass fraction is 0.2%, the carburized layer depth is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.36 mm", + "0.72 mm", + "2.88 mm", + "1.44 mm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose 1 at% of the following elements is added to copper (forming a separate alloy with each element) without exceeding the solubility limit. Which one would be expected to give the higher strength alloy? For copper: r_Cu=1.278 Å", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The noble metal addition (Au: +12.8%) will produce the strongest alloy due to similar electronegativity minimizing defect formation", + "The alloy with negative size mismatch (Mn: -12.4%) will create compressive strains that are more effective for strengthening than tensile strains", + "The alloy with the highest atomic size mismatch (Sr: +68.3%) will show maximum solid solution strengthening due to largest lattice distortion", + "The transition metal addition (Co: -2.0%) will provide optimal strengthening through a combination of modest size mismatch and d-electron interactions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming carbon atoms are all located in the octahedral interstices of γ-Fe, what is the maximum proportion of octahedral interstices occupied by carbon atoms in γ-Fe? (The atomic weight of iron is 55.85, and the Avogadro constant is 0.602×10^24)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "50 carbon atoms per 100 unit cells", + "40 carbon atoms per 100 unit cells", + "1 carbon atom per unit cell", + "4 carbon atoms per unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In eutectoid steel, both pearlite and tempered martensite (assuming tempered at 400°C) consist of ferrite and carbide. Why do the morphology and dispersion of carbides in tempered martensite differ from those in pearlite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite forms through diffusion-controlled transformation, while martensite undergoes shear transformation followed by carbide precipitation", + "The higher tempering temperature of martensite causes complete dissolution of carbides, resulting in uniform dispersion", + "The carbides in pearlite exhibit a lamellar morphology with low dispersion, whereas the carbides in martensite are fine particles with high dispersion", + "The carbon content in martensite is higher than in pearlite, leading to finer carbide distribution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "γ-Fe has a lattice constant α=0.3633nm slightly above 910 ℃, what is the atomic radius of γ-Fe?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.1572nm", + "0.1817nm", + "0.1284nm", + "0.1048nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a mixed dislocation line, what is the relationship between its Burgers vector and the dislocation line?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Burgers vector is always perpendicular to the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector is always parallel to the dislocation line", + "The Burgers vector can be either perpendicular or parallel depending on the slip system", + "Neither perpendicular nor parallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In an aligned and continuous glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 94% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. What will be the tensile strength of this composite? Assume that the matrix stress at fiber failure is 30 MPa (4350 psi).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1270 MPa (184,200 psi)", + "1354 MPa (196,400 psi)", + "1420 MPa (206,000 psi)", + "1180 MPa (171,100 psi)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compute the electrical conductivity of a cylindrical silicon specimen 7.0mm (0.28 in.) diameter and 57mm (2.25 in.) in length in which a current of 0.25 A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of 24V is measured across two probes that are separated by 45mm (1.75 in.). The electrical conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.1 (Ω·cm)^{-1}", + "24.4 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "12.2 (Ω·m)^{-1}", + "48.8 (Ω·cm)^{-1}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To what temperature would 23.0kg of some material at 100^{\\circ} C be raised if 255kJ of heat is supplied? Assume a C_{p} value of 423 J/ kg-K for this material.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density would decrease due to dynamic recovery", + "The yield strength would increase linearly with strain", + "Twinning would become the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The material would undergo a phase transformation to BCC structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 200-300°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of pearlite colonies", + "Transformation of retained austenite", + "Complete recrystallization of martensite", + "Precipitation of cementite needles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In cubic crystals, the (110) and (211) planes belong to the same zone axis.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The zone axis is [111] because both planes contain this direction", + "The zone axis is [110] as it's the simplest common direction for cubic systems", + "These planes cannot belong to the same zone axis due to different Miller indices", + "The zone axis is [1-10] as determined by the cross product of the plane normals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The intermetallic compound AlNi has a CsCl-type structure with a lattice constant of $a=0.288\\mathrm{~nm}$. What is its density? (The relative atomic mass of Ni is 58.71, and the relative atomic mass of Al is 26.98.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.42 g/cm³", + "5.97 g/cm³", + "5.51 g/cm³", + "4.89 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Substances that easily form glass often have bond types such as .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High entropy alloys with FCC structure", + "Metallic glasses with Poisson's ratio > 0.36", + "Bulk metallic glasses with Tg/Tm > 0.6", + "Amorphous polymers with Tg below room temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a nickel (Ni) crystal with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and a lattice constant of 0.3524 nm, which crystal plane family has an interplanar spacing of 0.1246 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "{111}", + "{200}", + "{220}", + "{311}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What property must the medium exhibit for slurry peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Acidic", + "Alkaline", + "Neutral", + "Depends on the zeta potential of the particles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the two metallographic morphologies of martensite in quenched steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ferritic martensite and austenitic martensite", + "Plate martensite and twinned martensite", + "Bainitic martensite and tempered martensite", + "Lath martensite and acicular martensite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why do silicate materials have relatively low densities in terms of bonding?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The low atomic number of silicon reduces electron density", + "Silicate materials contain large interstitial voids due to ionic repulsion", + "The directional nature of covalent bonds limits atomic packing efficiency", + "Tetrahedral coordination creates excessive free volume in the crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "At $800^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, one atom in $10^{10}$ atoms has sufficient energy to move within the solid, while at $900^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, only one atom in $10^{9}$ atoms does. The activation energy (J/atom) is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.4×10⁻¹⁸ J/atom", + "1.2×10⁻¹⁹ J/atom", + "2.5×10⁻¹⁹ eV/atom", + "0.8×10⁻¹⁸ J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following sets of quantum numbers can determine the spatial position and energy of an electron in an atom?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si", + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, and magnetic quantum number mi", + "Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, and spin angular momentum quantum number si", + "Principal quantum number n, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列关于Cottrell atmosphere的描述，正确的是：", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cottrell atmosphere refers to the aggregation of solute atoms around screw dislocations, leading to strain field interactions", + "Cottrell atmosphere describes the clustering of vacancies near grain boundaries, causing boundary pinning", + "Cottrell atmosphere is the phenomenon of solute atoms segregating to stacking faults, increasing partial dislocation energy", + "Cottrell atmosphere involves solute atoms preferentially occupying interstitial sites in BCC lattices, creating lattice distortions" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following microstructures is expected to be most similar to a single crystal in terms of structure and properties? Assume all of the options offer the same volumes and only consider grain boundaries as a crystalline defect for this question.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Highly textured polycrystal with 100 grains and 95% preferred orientation", + "Random polycrystal with 10 grains and no texture", + "Single crystal with 0.1% point defects concentration", + "Amorphous material annealed near glass transition temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the crystal structure of graphite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Body-centered tetragonal structure with covalent bonding", + "Face-centered cubic structure with alternating layers", + "Simple hexagonal lattice with carbon atoms at lattice points", + "Hexagonal close-packed structure with ABAB stacking sequence" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Please compare the distortion energy of the two dislocations b1= a/2[111] and b2=a[100] in FCC crystals, which one is greater.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The distortion energy of b1 is greater because it has mixed edge/screw character", + "The distortion energy of b2 is smaller because [100] is a perfect slip direction in FCC", + "Both have equal distortion energy since they are both perfect dislocations in FCC", + "The distortion energy of b1 is smaller due to lower Burgers vector magnitude" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion constant of carbon in γ-Fe D0=2.0×10^-5m^2/s and the activation energy for diffusion Q=140×10^3J/mol, the diffusion coefficient of carbon in γ-Fe at 927℃ is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15.99×10^-12 m^2/s", + "2.0×10^-5 m^2/s", + "1.42×10^-11 m^2/s", + "3.18×10^-13 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a φ5mm carbon steel sample with a carbon mass fraction of w_c=0.012, after quenching at 860°C and then tempering, which of the following describes how the microstructure changes during the tempering process?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Between 100-200°C, ε-carbides precipitate causing significant hardness increase due to coherent strain fields", + "During tempering below 100°C, carbon atoms cluster forming carbon-rich regions without carbide precipitation", + "At 200-300°C, retained austenite transforms into fresh martensite rather than tempered martensite", + "Above 300°C, rapid carbide coarsening occurs while α-phase remains in highly dislocated state" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Tensile deformation is applied along the [123] direction of an aluminum (Al) single crystal to induce plastic deformation. Which of the following correctly describes the rotation rule and rotation axis?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [101], and the rotation axis is [123]×[101]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [111], and the rotation axis is [123]×[111]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [101], and the rotation axis is [12¯3]×[10¯1]=[¯1¯1¯1]", + "During single slip, the specimen axis should rotate towards [111], and the rotation axis is [12¯3]×[10¯1]=[¯1¯1¯1]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a nucleus with a radius of 2×10^-9 m is to be formed, what should the dislocation density at the nucleation site be? (G=4×10^10 Pa, b=0.25×10^-9 m)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4×10^17 m^-2", + "1.6×10^17 m^-2", + "2.5×10^18 m^-2", + "6.4×10^16 m^-2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a diffusion couple composed of pure chromium and pure iron, after 1 hour of diffusion, the Matano plane moved by 1.52×10^(-3) cm. It is known that the ratio of the square of the distance moved by the Matano plane to the diffusion time is a constant. Determine the moving speed of the Matano plane.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.52×10^(-3)/3600 cm/s", + "1.52×10^(-3)/7200 cm/s", + "(1.52×10^(-3))^2/3600 cm/s", + "1.52×10^(-3) cm/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient D of carbon at 920°C, given the activation energy for diffusion is 133984 J/mol and D0=0.23 cm²/s. The correct value of D is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.34 × 10^-7 cm²/s", + "1.56 × 10^-6 cm²/s", + "6.24 × 10^-7 cm²/s", + "3.12 × 10^-7 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the Bravais lattice?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A lattice that considers not only the shape of the unit cell but also the positions of the lattice points", + "A lattice defined solely by the symmetry operations that leave the crystal invariant", + "A lattice formed by the smallest repeating unit that captures all symmetry elements", + "A lattice that can be fully described by its primitive vectors without considering centering" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The main reason why it is difficult to form a single-phase structure in polymer alloys is that the alloy has", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The high viscosity of molten polymers prevents adequate diffusion for homogeneous mixing", + "The entropic contribution to mixing is significantly reduced due to the large molecular weight of polymers", + "Most polymer pairs exhibit positive heat of mixing due to incompatible solubility parameters", + "Crystallinity in semi-crystalline polymers creates thermodynamic barriers to single-phase formation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{K}^*?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial calcium atom near a potassium vacancy", + "Calcium substitution in potassium sites creates a neutral defect complex", + "Calcium vacancy at potassium site with negative effective charge", + "Ca2+ occupies the K site, with a unit positive charge" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose an element has a valence of 2 and an atomic number of 27. Based only on the quantum numbers, how many electrons must be present in the 3d energy level?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5 electrons", + "7 electrons", + "8 electrons", + "6 electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a deformed material is reheated and undergoes recovery and recrystallization phenomena, the significant decrease in point defect concentration occurs during", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The migration of high-angle grain boundaries", + "The nucleation of new strain-free grains", + "The annihilation of dislocations during polygonization", + "The thermal activation of vacancy diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A screw dislocation with $b=a/2$ [10] moves on the (111) plane. If it encounters an obstacle during motion and undergoes cross-slip, the cross-slip system is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "From (111) to (11 ) plane", + "From (111) to (110) plane", + "From (111) to (100) plane", + "From (111) to (112) plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The basis for classifying silicate crystals is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Si0₄ connection method", + "Cation type in the silicate structure", + "Degree of polymerization of SiO₄ tetrahedra", + "Presence of non-bridging oxygen atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do the plasticity and toughness of a metal with finer grains compare to the same metal with coarser grains?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Better plasticity but lower toughness due to increased grain boundary sliding", + "Worse plasticity but higher toughness due to dislocation pile-up effects", + "Better in both properties due to grain boundary strengthening mechanisms", + "No significant difference as grain size only affects hardness" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why are small-angle grain boundaries not as effective in interfering with the slip process as are high-angle grain boundaries?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The dislocation density in small-angle boundaries is too low to effectively pin slip dislocations", + "The elastic strain fields in small-angle boundaries are insufficient to block dislocation motion", + "There is not enough crystallographic misalignment to significantly alter slip directions", + "Small-angle boundaries allow for continuous slip plane transmission across the boundary" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For alloy C with atomic weight 127.3 g/mol, density 9.23 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.142 mm, its crystal structure is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)", + "Face-centered cubic (FCC)", + "Body-centered cubic (BCC)", + "Simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If O:Si ≈ 2.5 is the criterion for glass-forming tendency, what is the maximum amount of Na2O that can form a glass?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1/3", + "1/2", + "2/5", + "1/4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If LiF is dissolved in MgF2, what type of vacancies (anion or cation) must be introduced into MgF2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Anion vacancies", + "Cation vacancies", + "Both anion and cation vacancies", + "No vacancies required" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Fiberglass is a composite material of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Resin and Carbon fiber", + "Polymer matrix and Glass fiber", + "Epoxy and Silicon fiber", + "Resin and Glass fiber" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel wire with a diameter of 0.89 mm has σ_ss=980 MPa and σ_sb=1,130 MPa. Another aluminum alloy has σ_as=255 MPa and σ_ab=400 MPa. Their densities are known to be ρ_s=7.85 g/cm³ and ρ_a=2.7 g/cm³, respectively. If they do not break, which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both materials will show identical weight efficiency when designed for equal stiffness", + "The steel wire has a higher specific strength (σ/ρ) in both yield and ultimate conditions", + "The aluminum alloy exhibits better strain hardening capability based on the given strength ratios", + "The aluminum wire can support 40% more load per unit weight than steel when both operate at their yield strengths" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the distance between the center of a sodium ion and its nearest neighboring positive ion in NaCl (given the radii of Na+ and Cl− are 0.097nm and 0.181nm, respectively)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.393nm", + "0.278nm", + "0.556nm", + "0.194nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A metal having a cubic structure has a density of 2.6g/cm³, an atomic weight of 87.62g/mol, and a lattice parameter of 6.0849 Å. One atom is associated with each lattice point. Determine the crystal structure of the metal from the following options:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bcc", + "fcc", + "hcp", + "simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a crystal, there is a pair of parallel edge dislocations on the slip plane. How large should their spacing be to prevent movement due to their interaction? Assume the slip resistance (shear stress) of the dislocation is ≈10⁵Pa, ν=0.3, G=5×10¹⁰Pa (express the answer in terms of b).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.79×10³b", + "1.16×10⁴b", + "2.32×10⁴b", + "8.66×10³b" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to have an iron-carbon alloy for which the mass fractions of total cementite and pearlite are 0.039 and 0.417, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because the carbon content required for 0.039 cementite (0.28 wt%) is within the range that can form 0.417 pearlite", + "Yes, because cementite and pearlite can coexist at any composition in the iron-carbon system", + "No, because the required carbon compositions for these mass fractions (0.28 wt% C for cementite and 0.33 wt% C for pearlite) are different", + "No, because pearlite cannot form at compositions below 0.76 wt% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "MgO dissolves into Al2O3 to form a solid solution, assuming the formation of cation interstitials. Which of the following is the correct reaction equation using Kroger-Vink notation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgO + Al2O3 → Mg••Al + 2V•O + 3OO×", + "2MgO → 2Mg•Al + V••i + 2OO×", + "3MgO → 3Mg••i + 2V•Al + 3OO×", + "3MgO → 3Mg•Al + V••i + 3OO×" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If ice homogeneously nucleates at -40°C, what is the critical radius given values of -3.1 × 10^8 J/m^3 and 25 × 10^-3 J/m^2, respectively, for the latent heat of fusion and the surface free energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.10 nm", + "2.42 nm", + "0.81 nm", + "3.25 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the growth speed from slow to fast, the correct order of crystal growth methods is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Vertical growth; Crystal defect growth", + "Crystal defect growth; Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Vertical growth", + "Vertical growth; Crystal defect growth; Two-dimensional nucleation growth", + "Two-dimensional nucleation growth; Crystal defect growth; Vertical growth" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "To dissolve MgF2 into LiF, what type of vacancies should be introduced into LiF?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Frenkel defects to accommodate the size mismatch", + "Anion vacancies to compensate for the smaller Mg2+ ion", + "Schottky defects to balance both cation and anion sites", + "Cation vacancies to maintain charge neutrality" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the defect reaction equation for the formation of a vacancy-type solid solution when CaCl2 dissolves in NaCl?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaCl2 + NaNa → CaNa' + 2ClCl + VaNa'", + "CaCl2 + Va' → CaNa' + 2ClCl", + "CaCl2 → CaNa• + 2ClCl + Va•", + "CaCl2 → CaNa' + 2ClCl + Va'" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the second criterion upon which factors of safety are based?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Previous experience", + "Yield strength to ultimate strength ratio", + "Statistical analysis of material properties", + "Fracture toughness considerations" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound Cd1+xO, the type of non-stoichiometric structural defect present is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Schottky defect", + "Frenkel defect", + "Metal excess defect due to anion vacancies", + "Metal deficiency defect due to cation vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize a 0.20 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a normalizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At least 905°C (1660°F)", + "At least 727°C (1340°F)", + "At least 850°C (1560°F)", + "At least 723°C (1333°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using the dislocation theory of plastic deformation, explain why the strength of metallic materials increases with finer grain size. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In fine-grained materials, the increased number of grain boundaries leads to more effective dislocation pinning points. These pinning points restrict dislocation movement by creating local stress fields that oppose the applied stress, thereby increasing the critical resolved shear stress required for plastic deformation and enhancing the material's strength.", + "Finer grain sizes increase the density of grain boundaries, which act as barriers to dislocation motion. Since grain boundaries are regions of high energy, they absorb dislocations and prevent their propagation, effectively increasing the material's yield strength by requiring higher stress to move dislocations across these boundaries.", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows that yield strength is inversely proportional to the square root of grain size. This is because smaller grains have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, leading to more grain boundary area that must be overcome by dislocations during plastic deformation, thus increasing the material's strength.", + "During plastic deformation of metallic polycrystalline materials, coarse grains accumulate a larger number of dislocations at grain boundaries, creating a significant stress field that can activate dislocation sources in adjacent grains, allowing deformation to continue. In contrast, fine grains accumulate fewer dislocations at grain boundaries, requiring a greater external force to activate dislocation sources in adjacent grains for deformation to proceed. Therefore, finer-grained materials require a larger external force to undergo plastic deformation, meaning that the strength of the material increases with finer grain size." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The geometric shapes of macromolecular chains include which of the following?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Linear", + "Branched", + "Network", + "Crystalline" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a copper crystal, when the a/2[101] dislocation on the (111) plane reacts with the a/2[011] dislocation on the (11-1) plane, which of the following describes the nature of the new dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The reaction produces a mixed dislocation with Burgers vector a/6[112] that can cross-slip between the original planes", + "The new dislocation b=a[110] is a perfect screw dislocation that can glide on both (111) and (11-1) planes", + "The new dislocation b=a/2[110] is a unit edge dislocation with slip plane (001), making it sessile", + "No stable dislocation forms as the reaction is energetically unfavorable in copper's FCC structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A ternary alloy with mass fractions of 40% A, 30% B, and 30% C forms a three-phase equilibrium at the eutectic temperature. The compositions of the three phases are as follows: liquid phase (50% A, 40% B, 10% C), α phase (85% A, 10% B, 5% C), and β phase (10% A, 20% B, 70% C). What are the fractions of the liquid phase, α phase, and β phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "L% = 57.4%, α% = 10%, β% = 32.6%", + "L% = 50%, α% = 25%, β% = 25%", + "L% = 40%, α% = 30%, β% = 30%", + "L% = 62.5%, α% = 12.5%, β% = 25%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold (Au) at 900°C, given the energy for vacancy formation is 0.98 eV/atom, the density is 18.63 g/cm³, and the atomic weight is 196.9 g/mol. The correct answer is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.63 × 10^{23} m^{-3} (using room temperature density instead of 900°C value)", + "7.21 × 10^{22} m^{-3} (using Boltzmann constant in J/mol·K instead of eV/K)", + "1.84 × 10^{25} m^{-3} (neglecting temperature conversion from °C to K)", + "3.52 × 10^{24} m^{-3}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is one major limitation of the iron-iron carbide phase diagram related to time-temperature relationships in terms of heat treatment and the development of microstructure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diagram fails to account for the effect of cooling rate on the formation of martensite", + "The diagram provides no indication as to the time-temperature relationships for the formation of pearlite, bainite, and spheroidite", + "The diagram cannot predict the exact hardness values resulting from different heat treatments", + "The diagram omits the influence of alloying elements on phase transformation kinetics" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose 1 at% of the following elements is added to copper (forming a separate alloy with each element) without exceeding the solubility limit. Which one would be expected to give the higher strength alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The alloy with Sr addition due to its larger atomic radius mismatch with Cu", + "The alloy with Mn addition because of its strong solid solution strengthening effect in Cu", + "The alloy with Si addition as it forms strong covalent bonds with Cu", + "The alloy with Co addition due to its similar crystal structure to Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In cubic crystals, the (110) and (211) planes belong to the same () zone.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "[111] zone axis", + "[100] zone axis", + "[110] zone axis", + "[112] zone axis" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Polyethylene may be fluorinated by inducing the random substitution of fluorine atoms for hydrogen. For this polymer, determine the concentration of F (in wt %) that must be added if this substitution occurs for 18.6 % of all of the original hydrogen atoms. Atomic weights for several elements are included in the following table: Carbon 12.01 g/mol, Chlorine 35.45 g/mol, Fluorine 19.00 g/mol, Hydrogen 1.008 g/mol, Oxygen 16.00 g/mol.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15.2 wt%", + "23.7 wt%", + "18.0 wt%", + "32.4 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the equilibrium width of an extended dislocation in Cu. Given: lattice constant of Cu a = 0.361 nm, shear modulus G = 5×10^6 N/cm^2, stacking fault energy γ_I = 45×10^-6 J/m^2.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.80×10^-7 m", + "3.84×10^-6 m", + "9.61×10^-7 m", + "1.92×10^-6 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a rough interface?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "It is any phase boundary that shows topological defects exceeding 10nm in height variation.", + "It is a solid-solid interface with irregular atomic arrangement caused by plastic deformation during mechanical processing.", + "It is a liquid-vapor interface exhibiting surface roughness due to thermal fluctuations and capillary waves.", + "It is a solid-liquid interface where the atomic arrangement on the solid-phase surface is uneven and rough, displaying no crystallographic plane characteristics." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the graphitization process of cast iron, if the first stage is completely graphitized and the second stage is partially graphitized, what kind of microstructure cast iron is obtained?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "P+G (graphite)", + "F+P+G (graphite)", + "F+G (graphite)", + "P+F (no graphite)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the length of the [11 0] crystal direction in a hexagonal crystal (in units of lattice constants a and c)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a√3", + "a√(3/4 + (c/a)^2)", + "a√(1 + (c/a)^2)", + "2a" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A thick steel sheet of area 400 cm^{2} is exposed to air near the ocean. After a one-year period it was found to experience a weight loss of 375g due to corrosion. To what rate of corrosion, in both mpy and mm / \\mathrm{yr}, does this correspond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.5 mm/yr (59.1 mpy)", + "0.94 mm/yr (37.0 mpy)", + "1.2 mm/yr (46.7 mpy)", + "0.75 mm/yr (29.5 mpy)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an ASTM grain size number of 8, the number of grains per square inch at a magnification of 100 is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "128 grains/in.^2", + "256 grains/in.^2", + "64 grains/in.^2", + "512 grains/in.^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the minimum radius of an atom that will just fit into the tetrahedral interstitial site in FCC nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "√(3/4) × a/4 (0.382 Å)", + "0.414 × r_Ni (0.352 Å)", + "0.2797 Å", + "0.225 × a (0.352 Å)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that activation polarization controls both oxidation and reduction reactions, determine the rate of corrosion of metal M (in mol/cm2-s) given the following corrosion data: For Metal M: V(M/M2+)=-0.47 V, i0=5x10-10 A/cm2, β=+0.15; For Hydrogen: V(H+/H2)=0 V, i0=2x10-9 A/cm2, β=-0.12.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.32x10-12 mol/cm2-s", + "2.64x10-13 mol/cm2-s", + "5.28x10-14 mol/cm2-s", + "3.96x10-13 mol/cm2-s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 92.5 wt% Ag and 7.5 wt% Cu?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "87.9 at% Ag and 12.1 at% Cu", + "92.5 at% Ag and 7.5 at% Cu", + "85.4 at% Ag and 14.6 at% Cu", + "89.7 at% Ag and 10.3 at% Cu" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference between the purpose of quenching for austenitic stainless steel and wear-resistant steel compared to that of general steel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solution treatment to prevent intergranular corrosion by maintaining single-phase austenite", + "To increase hardness through rapid cooling and martensite formation", + "To refine grain size and improve overall mechanical properties", + "To relieve internal stresses caused by prior cold working processes" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two intermetallic compounds, A B and A B_{2}, exist for elements A and B. If the compositions for A B and A B_{2} are 34.3 wt% A-65.7 wt% B and 20.7 wt% A-79.3 wt% B, respectively, and element A is potassium, which of the following is element B?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bromine (Br)", + "selenium (Se)", + "arsenic (As)", + "krypton (Kr)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following corrosion data for Metal M: V(M/M2+)=-0.47 V, i0=5x10-10 A/cm2, β=+0.15; and for Hydrogen: V(H+/H2)=0 V, i0=2x10-9 A/cm2, β=-0.12, what is the corrosion potential for this reaction?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "-0.412 V", + "-0.247 V", + "-0.169 V", + "+0.032 V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals can be classified into (1) crystal families, (2) crystal systems according to symmetry, with a total of (3) point groups and (4) space groups. The correct numbers are:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1) 3; (2) 7; (3) 32; (4) 230", + "(1) 7; (2) 14; (3) 32; (4) 230", + "(1) 3; (2) 7; (3) 14; (4) 230", + "(1) 7; (2) 7; (3) 32; (4) 230" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of freely moving electrons to the total number of valence electrons?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.915 × 10^-15", + "1.166 × 10^-14", + "5.830 × 10^-15", + "1.024 × 10^-13" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of porous electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Transparent", + "Opaque", + "Translucent", + "Variable depending on pore size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are factors affecting the solubility of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Valence electron concentration = 1.36 and BCC structure", + "Electronegativity difference >1.7 and FCC structure", + "Atomic size difference <15% and same crystal structure", + "All of the above meet Hume-Rothery rules" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the changes in properties of a Gu–30%Zn brass sheet after cold rolling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ductility improves while maintaining original yield strength", + "Both hardness and electrical conductivity increase significantly", + "Yield strength increases but ultimate tensile strength remains unchanged", + "Recrystallization temperature decreases due to stored energy accumulation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If in fcc Cu, 1 out of every 500 atoms is missing, and its lattice constant is 0.3615 nm, the density of Cu is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.842 g/cm³", + "8.960 g/cm³", + "8.915 g/cm³", + "8.732 g/cm³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are some disadvantages of forming metals by extrusion as opposed to rolling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Reduced formability for high-strength alloys", + "Lower dimensional accuracy compared to rolling processes", + "Increased risk of hydrogen embrittlement during forming", + "Higher surface roughness due to die friction effects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the shape memory effect?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "When certain metal materials are deformed and then heated above a specific temperature, the deformed metal materials return to their pre-deformation shape", + "The ability of a material to recover its original shape after plastic deformation when stress is removed, due to reversible phase transformations", + "A phenomenon where polymers regain their original shape upon heating due to entropic elasticity and crosslinking", + "The spontaneous return to original shape in metallic alloys caused by dislocation movement and twinning mechanisms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Suppose that solid nickel was able to nucleate homogeneously with an undercooling of only 22°C. How many atoms would have to group together spontaneously for this to occur? Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356nm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.408 × 10^{6}", + "2.272 × 10^{6}", + "5.68 × 10^{5}", + "1.136 × 10^{6}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the melt cooling and crystallization process, given the solid-liquid interface energy γ_sl=5×10^-6 J/cm^2 and the unit volume free energy change △Gv=418 J/cm^3 at 1000°C, the energy required for the phase transition is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.19×10^-17 J", + "5.97×10^-18 J", + "2.09×10^-16 J", + "8.36×10^-17 J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes two differences between precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Precipitation hardening requires a coherent precipitate-matrix interface, while dispersion strengthening relies on incoherent interfaces", + "The strengthening particles in precipitation hardening are typically smaller than 10nm, whereas dispersion strengthening uses particles larger than 100nm", + "Precipitation hardening involves solute atoms clustering, while dispersion strengthening uses pre-existing second-phase particles", + "Precipitation hardening shows stronger temperature dependence of yield strength than dispersion strengthening" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-1.15% C alloy, at what temperature does austenite first begin to transform on cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "727°C", + "880°C", + "912°C", + "1148°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 6 mol% of MgO is added to the UO2 lattice to form a substitutional solid solution, what is its solid solution formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "U0.94Mg0.06O2.06", + "U0.94Mg0.06O2", + "U0.94Mg0.06O1.94", + "U0.94Mg0.06O1.97" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in nucleation sites between recrystallization and solidification processes?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solidification nucleation occurs at high-energy interfaces, while recrystallization nucleation requires pre-existing lattice defects", + "Both processes initiate at grain boundaries, but recrystallization additionally requires dislocations", + "Solidification is homogeneous nucleation, while recrystallization occurs at deformation-induced inhomogeneities", + "Recrystallization requires second-phase particles, while solidification occurs at any free surface" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructural transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 250-400°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Recovery of dislocation density", + "Decomposition of retained austenite", + "Formation of ε-carbide (Fe2-3C)", + "Precipitation of cementite (Fe3C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the sintering process, the mass transfer method that only gradually increases the strength of the green body without causing shrinkage of the green body is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain boundary diffusion dominates when particle size is below 100nm", + "Surface diffusion becomes negligible above 800°C for most ceramics", + "Volume diffusion activation energy is always higher than grain boundary diffusion", + "Dislocation pipe diffusion is the primary mechanism in fully dense materials" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following factors influences the formation of substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Electronegativity difference < 0.3", + "Crystal symmetry", + "Thermal conductivity", + "Ionic size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of a third element on the diffusion of components in a binary alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The third element forms stable compounds with solute atoms, creating diffusion barriers that reduce the overall diffusion coefficient", + "The third element increases lattice distortion energy, enhancing vacancy formation and thus accelerating diffusion", + "The third element segregates to grain boundaries, blocking short-circuit diffusion paths while leaving bulk diffusion unaffected", + "The third element modifies the electron density distribution, lowering activation energy for solute jumps and increasing diffusivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Chemical analysis of pyrite yields two possible compositions based on the Fe/S ratio from the analytical data: Fe1-xS and FeS1-x. The former implies a defect structure with Fe vacancies, while the latter indicates Fe substitution. How can experimental methods determine whether the mineral belongs to Fe1-xS (Fe vacancy defect structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Thermogravimetric analysis showing sulfur loss", + "X-ray diffraction revealing expanded lattice parameters", + "Mössbauer spectroscopy detecting Fe3+ species", + "Hall effect measurements showing p-type conductivity" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the diameter of the cylindrical riser required to prevent shrinkage in a 1 in. x 6 in. x 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.0 in", + "1.5 in", + "2.25 in", + "4.5 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel with BCC crystal structure containing 0.001% N is nitrided at 550°C for 5h. If the nitrogen content at the steel surface is 0.08%, the nitrogen content at 0.25mm from the surface is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.062% N", + "0.049% N", + "0.035% N", + "0.071% N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains/square inch are observed at a magnification of 50.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.0", + "4.2", + "2.9", + "3.6" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How much Na2O should be added to SiO2 to make the O/Si ratio of the glass equal to 2.5, assuming the amount of SiO2 is ymol?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "x = 2y", + "x = y", + "x = y/2", + "x = y/4" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly represents the variation pattern of slurry fluidity for clay adsorbed with the given cations (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 0.4-in. diameter, 12-in-long titanium bar has a yield strength of 50,000 psi, a modulus of elasticity of 16x10^6 psi, and Poisson's ratio of 0.30. When a 500-lb load is applied, the final length of the bar is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "12.00298 in", + "12.00149 in", + "11.99702 in", + "12.00000 in" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes a grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A two-dimensional defect formed by the termination of a crystal plane", + "A planar defect characterized by a sudden change in crystallographic orientation", + "The transition zone where dislocations accumulate between adjacent crystals", + "The region of atomic misalignment at the interface where two grains meet" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar packing fraction (ppf) on the (110) plane for ZnS (with the zinc blende structure)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.492", + "0.555", + "0.416", + "0.625" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is martensite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The body-centered tetragonal crystal structure resulting from diffusionless transformation", + "The equilibrium phase of carbon in γ-Fe at room temperature", + "A metastable phase formed by rapid cooling of austenite with high carbon content", + "The supersaturated solid solution formed by carbon in α-Fe" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of diffusion does the homogenization of intracrystalline segregation during diffusion annealing belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "self-diffusion", + "interdiffusion", + "vacancy diffusion", + "grain boundary diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are common types of alloy that passivate?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cast iron and brass", + "Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and Inconel 718", + "316L stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy", + "Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy and Cu-Ni bronze" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an extra (111) plane is embedded, causing a small-angle grain boundary tilted by 1° in α-Fe, what is the average distance between the dislocations?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "18.9615 nm", + "9.4807 nm", + "0.2774 nm", + "36.234 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes a negative temperature gradient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In the liquid phase at the crystallization front, the distribution where the temperature gradually decreases from the solid-liquid interface toward the interior of the liquid phase", + "A thermal profile where the temperature increases with depth in a solidifying alloy, indicating faster cooling at the surface", + "The condition in a heat-treated steel where the core temperature exceeds the surface temperature during quenching", + "A thermodynamic state where the temperature decreases with increasing energy in a population-inverted system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For annealed pure iron with a grain size of $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=250$ grains/mm², calculate its yield strength $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}$ based on the given data: when $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=16$ grains/mm², $\\sigma_{\\textrm{s}}=100$ MPa; when $N_{\\mathrm{A}}=4~096$ grains/mm², $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{s}}=250\\mathrm{MPa}$.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "210.6 MPa", + "175.2 MPa", + "89.3 MPa", + "129.5 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these microconstituents are 0.20 and 0.80, respectively. What is the concentration of carbon in this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.45%", + "0.61%", + "0.77%", + "0.30%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the number of atomic clusters containing 60 atoms in 1cm³ of copper at its melting point temperature, given the atomic volume of liquid copper is 1.6×10⁻²⁹m³, the surface energy is 0.177J/m², and the melting point is 1356K.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.91×10³ cm⁻³", + "1.45×10⁶ cm⁻³", + "5.82×10⁻² cm⁻³", + "3.24×10¹⁵ cm⁻³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can't Cr12MoV steel be turned into stainless steel through heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the carbon content in Cr12MoV is too high, which leads to excessive carbide precipitation during heat treatment, reducing the effective chromium content available for corrosion resistance.", + "Because the Mo content in Cr12MoV forms stable carbides that prevent chromium from diffusing to form a passive layer, making heat treatment ineffective for improving corrosion resistance.", + "Because the V element in Cr12MoV preferentially reacts with oxygen during heat treatment, consuming the oxygen needed for passive film formation on chromium.", + "Because Cr is the main factor that makes steel corrosion-resistant. It can increase the electrode potential of the steel. If its mass fraction is small (below 13 %), the electrode potential cannot be significantly increased, nor can a single-phase structure be formed, so the corrosion resistance of the steel cannot be significantly improved." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A niobium alloy is produced by introducing tungsten substitutional atoms in the BCC structure; eventually an alloy is produced that has a lattice parameter of 0.32554nm and a density of 11.95g/cm³. The fraction of the atoms in the alloy that are tungsten is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.345", + "0.265", + "0.412", + "0.298" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In polycrystals, grain boundaries are divided into large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries. What is the typical identification angle for distinguishing between large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "20°", + "15°", + "5°", + "10°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a simple cubic crystal is twisted by an angle θ around the [001] axis, what kind of dislocation will form (specify the direction of the dislocation line and the Burgers vector)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Mixed type, dislocation line direction=[110], Burgers vector=a[110]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[100], Burgers vector=a[010]", + "Screw type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[001]", + "Edge type, dislocation line direction=[001], Burgers vector=a[100]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can all parts of a dislocation loop be edge dislocations? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the curvature of the loop inherently requires mixed character dislocations", + "No, because dislocation loops must contain both edge and screw components by definition", + "Yes, but only for perfect dislocation loops in FCC crystals", + "Yes, if the Burgers vector is perpendicular to the plane of the loop, creating a prismatic dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If an increased steady-state flow rate of O2 (oxygen molecules per second) to the cornea is desired, is increasing the contact lens thickness likely to be useful? Note: the flow rate is equal to the product of the diffusion flux and an area of interest through which diffusion occurs.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, because thicker lenses have greater surface area for oxygen adsorption", + "Yes, because increased thickness provides more diffusion pathways through the polymer matrix", + "No, because increasing thickness decreases the concentration gradient driving diffusion", + "No, because thicker lenses increase the diffusion path length while keeping flux constant" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The unit cell is the smallest unit that can fully reflect the characteristics of the crystal structure, whose shape and size are consistent with the corresponding unit parallelepiped.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The smallest geometric shape that can be stacked to fill all space without gaps", + "The smallest volume containing all crystallographic information necessary to reconstruct the full crystal", + "The smallest repeating unit that preserves the complete symmetry of the crystal lattice", + "The smallest structural unit that exhibits the macroscopic properties of the bulk material" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the critical resolved shear stress for crystal slip?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stress at which dislocation multiplication becomes the dominant deformation mechanism", + "The maximum shear stress a crystal can withstand before fracture occurs", + "The minimum resolved shear stress required for alternate slip in the slip systems of a crystal", + "The yield strength of a single crystal along its slip direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In what ways does chlorinated polyethylene differ from poly(vinyl chloride)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Chlorinated polyethylene exhibits higher thermal stability due to its fully saturated carbon backbone", + "Chlorinated polyethylene has a more random chlorine distribution while PVC has ordered 1:3 chlorine substitution", + "PVC contains chlorine in alternating monomer units while chlorinated polyethylene has random side-chain chlorination", + "The chlorination process creates crosslinks in polyethylene but maintains linear chains in PVC" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a small amount of CaO is doped into ThO2, what is the corresponding solid solution formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Th1-xCaxO2", + "Th1-xCa2xO2", + "Th1-2xCaxO2", + "Th1-x/2CaxO2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given: The critical nucleus size of aluminum r*=94.5 nm, atomic volume V0=1.66×10^-29 m^3. Calculate the number of atoms Nr* in a nucleus with radius r*.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.06 × 10^8", + "2.12 × 10^8", + "4.24 × 10^8", + "3.18 × 10^8" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given a certain low-carbon steel with σ₀=64 kPa, K=393.7 kPa·μm^(1/2), and a grain diameter of 50 μm, what is the yield strength of this low-carbon steel according to the Hall-Petch formula?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "89.3 kPa", + "155.6 kPa", + "119.7 kPa", + "207.4 kPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the elastic properties of glass (E=70 000 MPa, ν=0.25), the theoretical strength of glass as an amorphous material is estimated to be in the range of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "70~93 GPa", + "17 500~23 333 MPa", + "4 900~7 000 MPa", + "10 500~14 000 MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the proeutectoid phase for an iron-carbon alloy in which the mass fractions of total ferrite and total cementite are 0.92 and 0.08, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "α ferrite (0.65 wt% C)", + "Cementite (6.7 wt% C)", + "Pearlite (0.76 wt% C)", + "Austenite (1.2 wt% C)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From the following two glaze formulas, determine the difference in their melting temperatures. Glaze formula 1: 0.2K2O 0.2Na2O 0.4CaO 0.2PbO 0.3Al2O3 2.1SiO2; Glaze formula 2: 0.2K2O 0.2MgO 0.6CaO 1.1Al2O3 10.0SiO2", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cannot be determined without knowing the exact heating rate", + "The melting temperature of glaze formula 1 < the melting temperature of glaze formula 2", + "Both glazes have identical melting temperatures due to similar alkali content", + "The melting temperature of glaze formula 1 > the melting temperature of glaze formula 2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures: 1273 K with D = 9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s and 1473 K with D = 2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s. What is the magnitude of D at 1100°C (1373 K)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.4 x 10^-15 m^2/s", + "2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s", + "9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s", + "1.7 x 10^-14 m^2/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of material structure?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship in nanocrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10nm", + "The inverse Hall-Petch effect observed in ultra-fine grained metals", + "The constant yield strength plateau in severely deformed materials", + "The linear proportionality between hardness and dislocation density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A crystal structure with space group Fm3m belongs to the _ crystal family and crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion decreases with increasing temperature due to thermal vibration assistance", + "The Arrhenius plot of vacancy diffusion always shows perfect linearity across all temperature ranges", + "The activation energy for interstitial diffusion is typically higher than for vacancy diffusion in the same crystal structure", + "The pre-exponential factor in diffusion equations is temperature-independent and solely determined by crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are methods to prevent secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "use single crystal precursor materials", + "increase cooling rate during solidification", + "apply external magnetic field during annealing", + "control sintering temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following commonly used alloying elements belong to the γ-phase field narrowing elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Nickel, manganese, and cobalt", + "Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten", + "Niobium, boron, and zirconium", + "Aluminum, silicon, and titanium" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Due to the very long molecular chains, how is the relationship between secondary valence forces and primary valence forces often?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Inversely proportional to", + "Equal to", + "Less than", + "Greater than" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Calculate the fiber stress σf of Al2O3 short fibers when the length exceeds the critical length, given the fiber tensile strength σfa=2275MPa, critical length Lc=299.3μm, and actual length L=4mm.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2275MPa", + "2190MPa", + "2045MPa", + "2350MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A 4-cm-diameter, 0.5-mm-thick spherical container made of BCC iron holds nitrogen at 700°C. The concentration at the inner surface is 0.05 atomic percent and at the outer surface is 0.002 atomic percent. The number of grams of nitrogen lost from the container per hour is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "6.521 × 10^{-4} g/h", + "2.732 × 10^{-3} g/h", + "1.245 × 10^{-3} g/h", + "3.114 × 10^{-3} g/h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A contact device is made of silver-tungsten composite material. Its production process involves first creating a porous tungsten powder metallurgy blank, and then infiltrating pure silver into the pores. Before silver infiltration, the density of the tungsten compact is 14.5 g/cm³. The mass fraction of silver in the blank after infiltration is: (The densities of pure tungsten and pure silver are 19.3 g/cm³ and 10.49 g/cm³, respectively. Assume the tungsten blank is very thin and entirely composed of open pores.)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "10.2%", + "24.8%", + "15.4%", + "18.6%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following methods can improve the strength of solid solution alloys?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Applying high-temperature annealing to relieve internal stresses", + "Increasing the dislocation density through rapid quenching", + "Adding elements with identical atomic radii to the matrix", + "Introducing coherent precipitates with lattice mismatch < 5%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes an intrinsic semiconductor?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A semiconductor with temperature-independent carrier concentration", + "A semiconductor with equal numbers of electrons and holes at thermal equilibrium", + "A semiconductor whose conductivity is dominated by intrinsic defects", + "A semiconductor with high purity and no doped impurities" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a compressive force is applied along the [0001] direction of a hexagonal close-packed single crystal, what is the primary mode of deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Basal slip on (0001) plane", + "Prismatic slip on {10-10} planes", + "Pyramidal slip on {11-22} planes", + "Twinning after elastic deformation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming we add Na2O with w(Na2O)=10% to SiO2, what is the ratio of oxygen to silicon?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.000", + "2.111", + "2.222", + "2.333" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The modulus of elasticity for boron carbide (B4C) having 5 vol% porosity is 290 GPa (42 x 10^6 psi). At what volume percent porosity will the modulus of elasticity be 235 GPa (34 x 10^6 psi)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "15.1 vol%", + "12.8 vol% (using linear extrapolation from 5% porosity)", + "17.3 vol% (assuming exponential decay model)", + "9.6 vol% (applying rule-of-mixtures inversely)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For two parallel screw dislocations, when their Burgers vectors are in the same direction, the interaction force between them is ().", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The force follows Hooke's law with a proportionality constant equal to the elastic modulus", + "Repulsive when dislocations are in the same slip plane, attractive otherwise", + "Always attractive due to dislocation line tension minimization", + "Repulsive when Burgers vectors are parallel, attractive when antiparallel" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the thermodynamic condition for uphill diffusion to occur?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "∂²G/∂x²>0", + "∂G/∂x>0", + "∂μ/∂x=0", + "∂²G/∂x²<0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines inhibitors?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Materials that increase the activation energy barrier for electrochemical reactions", + "Substances that decrease corrosion rates by forming protective films on metal surfaces", + "Compounds that preferentially adsorb at anodic sites to block dissolution", + "Additives that reduce corrosion by consuming dissolved oxygen in the environment" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an AB-type compound crystal with a face-centered cubic structure, the molecular weight of the AB compound is 26, and its measured density is 2.6g/cm3. Based on this, the unit cell parameter of the AB crystal is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.52nm", + "0.41nm", + "0.38nm", + "0.45nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A process where abnormal grain growth occurs after primary recrystallization, driven by surface energy minimization in thin films", + "The formation of new strain-free grains through nucleation and growth after cold working, replacing deformed grains", + "A phenomenon where certain crystallographic orientations grow preferentially due to anisotropic grain boundary energies", + "The coarsening of precipitates during aging treatment through Ostwald ripening mechanism" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For screw dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "perpendicular", + "parallel", + "45-degree angle", + "stress direction determines Burgers vector direction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the ionic radius of O2- is 0.14nm and that of Fe3+ is 0.069nm, their radius ratio is 0.492. What type of crystal structure can be formed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A2X3 structure, trigonal crystal system", + "AX structure, cubic crystal system", + "AX2 structure, hexagonal crystal system", + "A2X structure, tetragonal crystal system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the structural differences between crystalline SiO2, SiO2 glass, silica gel, and SiO2 melt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystalline SiO2 exhibits long-range order in all dimensions, while SiO2 glass shows short-range order only. Silica gel has a mesoporous structure, and SiO2 melt displays complete structural disorder.", + "All forms show the same tetrahedral SiO4 units, differing only in packing density: crystalline (highest), glass (medium), melt (low), and gel (variable).", + "Crystalline SiO2—particles are arranged regularly in three-dimensional space, exhibiting anisotropy; SiO2 glass—isotropic; silica gel—loose and porous; SiO2 melt—internal structure is framework-like, with short-range order and long-range disorder.", + "The key difference lies in bond angles: crystalline (perfect 109.5°), glass (slightly distorted), melt (random), and gel (partially hydrolyzed with varying angles)." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does grain size influence strength of a polycrystalline material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fine-grained materials exhibit higher strength due to increased dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "Coarse-grained materials are stronger because larger grains have fewer defects per unit volume", + "Grain size has negligible effect on strength as long as chemical composition remains constant", + "The Hall-Petch relationship reverses at nanoscale grain sizes due to grain boundary sliding dominance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a tensile force is applied along the [0001] direction of a hexagonal close-packed single crystal, what are the possible deformations and the primary mode of deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation climb-assisted plasticity at elevated temperatures", + "Plastic deformation via prismatic slip systems with Burgers vector [1120]", + "Twinning deformation on {1012} planes due to high critical resolved shear stress", + "Elastic deformation followed by brittle fracture due to zero resolved shear stress on the (0001) slip plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a crosslinked copolymer consisting of 35 wt% ethylene and 65 wt% propylene, determine the fraction of both repeat unit types.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Ethylene fraction: 0.45, Propylene fraction: 0.55", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.35, Propylene fraction: 0.65", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.28, Propylene fraction: 0.72", + "Ethylene fraction: 0.65, Propylene fraction: 0.35" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are examples of forming continuous substitutional solid solutions?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Al2O3-Cr2O3", + "Fe-C (steel system)", + "PbTiO3-PbZrO3", + "Cu-Zn (brass system)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the concentration distribution of the diffusing component, what are the basic types of diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion", + "Self-diffusion and interdiffusion", + "Vacancy and interstitial diffusion", + "Thermal and chemical diffusion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the strain energy of a 1cm long edge dislocation (r0=1nm, R=1cm, μ=5×10^10Pa, b=0.25nm, ν=1/3). The strain energy is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.75×10^-12J", + "1.5×10^-10J", + "6×10^-11J", + "2.4×10^-9J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A polymeric material contains polyvinyl chloride, with 900 monomers in one molecule. If each molecule can be stretched into a linear molecule, what is the theoretically maximum strain that can be achieved for this polymer (assuming the bond length of each C-C bond is $0.154\\mathrm{nm}$)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "450%", + "3380%", + "1800%", + "6750%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Gold (Au) forms a substitutional solid solution with silver (Ag). What weight percent of gold must be added to silver to yield an alloy that contains 5.5 × 10^{21} Au atoms per cubic centimeter, given the densities of pure Au and Ag are 19.32 and 10.49 g/cm³, respectively?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "23.4 wt%", + "15.9 wt%", + "10.2 wt%", + "18.7 wt%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystals can be classified into seven crystal systems based on the order and number of rotation axes and rotoinversion axes. Which of the following are the missing crystal systems?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Trigonal crystal system", + "Hexagonal crystal system", + "Tetragonal crystal system", + "Cubic crystal system" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the relationship between grain diameter and annealing time d²=kt, given that the grain diameter is 23μm after annealing for 30 minutes, the value of the constant k is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "35.3 μm/min", + "17.6 μm²/min", + "529 μm²", + "1.76 μm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the following pair of polymers, is it possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other? Linear and syndiotactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol; linear and atactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 750,000 g/mol", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because the higher molecular weight of atactic PP compensates for its lower tacticity", + "Yes, syndiotactic PP always has higher Tm due to its regular chain packing", + "Yes, atactic PP has higher Tm because its higher molecular weight dominates", + "No, because tacticity and molecular weight effects cannot be separated in this comparison" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using the carburization equation, calculate the value of erf(x/(2√(Dt))) given the surface carbon content ρs=1.2%, initial carbon content ρ0=0.1%, and target carbon content ρ(x,t)=0.45%.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.550", + "0.625", + "0.745", + "0.682" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An intermetallic compound is found in the magnesium-gallium system that has a composition of 41.1 wt% Mg - 58.9 wt% Ga. Specify the formula for this compound.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "MgGa", + "Mg_{2}Ga", + "MgGa_{2}", + "Mg_{3}Ga_{2}" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade W6Mo5Cr4V2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a high-speed steel with 0.85% C, 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a tool steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, but no carbon content", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a stainless steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, similar to 316L but with tungsten", + "W6Mo5Cr4V2 is a high-speed steel with 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, and 2% V, where carbon content is implied but not specified" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪些晶面属于立方晶系中的{111}晶面族？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(111), (1̄11), (11̄1), (111̄)", + "(111), (1̄1̄1), (11̄1̄), (1̄11̄)", + "(111), (110), (101), (011)", + "(111), (1̄11), (11̄1), (111̄), (1̄1̄1̄)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a silicon-containing low-alloy steel ingot with dendritic segregation and a dendrite arm spacing of 500μm, diffusion annealing is performed at 1200°C. To reduce the segregation amplitude to 10% of its original value, how long should the holding time be for carbon? Given that the diffusion coefficient of carbon in austenite at 1200°C is 2.23×10^(-6)cm^2/s.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "130.6s", + "32.7s", + "65.3s", + "16.3s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which crystal system listed below has the following interaxial angle relationship?\n\\[\n\\alpha=\\beta=90^{\\circ}, \\gamma=120^{\\circ}\n\\]", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The system exhibits negative thermal expansion due to rigid unit modes in the crystal structure", + "The system shows positive thermal expansion dominated by anharmonic atomic vibrations", + "The thermal expansion behavior is isotropic due to cubic symmetry", + "The material undergoes a phase transition that masks the intrinsic thermal expansion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.94 wt% C", + "0.76 wt% C", + "0.42 wt% C", + "0.25 wt% C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the strength of short fiber composites reaches 95% of the strength of continuous composites, what is the value of $\\frac{L_{\\mathrm{c}}}{L}$?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.05", + "0.5", + "0.1", + "0.2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For edge dislocation, what is the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Parallel", + "Perpendicular", + "45-degree angle", + "Stress direction has no effect on dislocation motion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion data of nickel in face-centered cubic iron as D_Ni = 4.1 exp(-64000 × 4.18 / RT) cm²/s, what is the diffusion coefficient at 1000°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.07×10^-9 cm²/s", + "2.18×10^-10 cm²/s", + "4.35×10^-11 cm²/s", + "8.70×10^-12 cm²/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "a≠b≠c,α≠β≠γ crystals belong to the crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows decreased yield strength with finer grain size because of increased grain boundary sliding", + "The Hall-Petch relationship becomes invalid below a critical grain size where grain boundary diffusion dominates", + "The Hall-Petch relationship demonstrates linear proportionality between yield strength and the square root of grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Can aluminum alloys be surface strengthened by carburizing or nitriding? Why?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because aluminum's FCC structure cannot accommodate interstitial atoms", + "Yes, but only when using plasma-assisted techniques to break the oxide layer", + "Yes, because aluminum can form stable carbides and nitrides at high temperatures", + "No, because the dense oxide film on aluminum prevents effective diffusion of C/N atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A hypothetical A X type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 2.65g/cm³ and a unit cell of cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.43nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are 86.6 and 40.3g/mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which of the following crystal structures is possible for this material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Rock salt (NaCl)", + "Cesium chloride (CsCl)", + "Zinc blende (ZnS)", + "Fluorite (CaF₂)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The crystal structure with point group L6L27PC belongs to the crystal system.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The activation energy for vacancy diffusion is always lower than interstitial diffusion in FCC metals", + "The Peierls stress in BCC metals is typically higher than in FCC metals due to their more open crystal structure", + "Twin boundary migration in HCP metals occurs at lower temperatures than in FCC metals because of their lower stacking fault energy", + "Grain boundary sliding is the dominant deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline materials at all temperatures" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best defines 'Hardenability'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The depth to which a steel can be hardened by heat treatment, determined by its alloy composition", + "The resistance of a material to plastic deformation under tensile stress, typically measured by yield strength", + "The ability of a steel to form martensite during quenching, as measured by the maximum achievable hardness", + "The maximum hardness achievable in a steel through any heat treatment process" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following electron configurations is for an inert gas?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The Hall-Petch coefficient is a universal constant for all metallic materials", + "The Hall-Petch relationship demonstrates reduced yield strength with finer grains because of increased grain boundary sliding", + "The Hall-Petch effect becomes invalid below 10nm grain size due to the inverse Hall-Petch phenomenon", + "The Hall-Petch relationship shows increased yield strength with decreasing grain size due to dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Indium (In) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Cadmium Sulfide (CdS). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Donor (n-type)", + "Acceptor (p-type)", + "Amphoteric (both donor and acceptor)", + "Neutral impurity (no doping effect)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If the density is increased to 10^10 mm^-2 by cold working, what would be the chain length of dislocations in 1000 mm^3 of material?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.0 x 10^10 mm", + "3.1 x 10^6 km", + "6.2 x 10^6 miles", + "2.5 x 10^7 light-years" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the minimum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 90 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 67 W/m·K for TiC and Ni, respectively. The minimum thermal conductivity is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "24.3 W/m·K", + "31.2 W/m·K", + "28.7 W/m·K", + "67.0 W/m·K" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the copolymer of PVC vinyl chloride $(C_{2}H_{3}C)$ and PVA vinyl alcohol $(C_{4}H_{5}C)_{2}$, the ratio of vinyl chloride to vinyl alcohol is 10:1. If the average molar mass of the copolymer molecular chain is $5000 \\bar{g}/mol$, find its degree of polymerization (DP).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "310", + "248", + "192", + "275" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What materials can be used to manufacture rocket supports?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 0° ply orientation", + "Silicon carbide fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite", + "Boron fiber reinforced epoxy with 45° ply orientation", + "Unidirectional alumina fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the microstructure transformation of quenched steel during tempering at 100-250°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Formation of lower bainite", + "Decomposition of martensite", + "Precipitation of epsilon-carbides", + "Recrystallization of ferrite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How can the network cementite in hypereutectoid steel be eliminated by heating above Ac cm followed by quenching and subsequent treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Heating above Ac cm followed by controlled cooling at 50°C/hour promotes cementite spheroidization without quenching", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by rapid air cooling transforms the network cementite into fine pearlite structure", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by isothermal holding at just below eutectoid temperature allows complete dissolution of cementite", + "Heating above Ac cm followed by quenching results in martensite and retained austenite, which is then tempered at high temperature to obtain spheroidized pearlite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Determine the crystal structure for a metal with a0=0.42906 nm, r=0.1858 nm and one atom per lattice point.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "fcc", + "bcc", + "hcp", + "simple cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the CaO-SiO2 system, the liquidus line of SiO2 is very steep. Why can a small amount of CaO be added as a mineralizer in the production of silica bricks without reducing their refractoriness?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "CaO forms a protective CaSiO3 layer that prevents further reaction at high temperatures", + "The eutectic liquid phase content at 1436°C is only 5.4%, causing negligible impact on refractoriness", + "The steep liquidus slope means CaO solubility in SiO2 is extremely limited below 1600°C", + "Ca2+ ions substitute for Si4+ in the quartz lattice, stabilizing the high-temperature cristobalite phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that copper has an FCC structure with an atomic radius of 0.1278 nm, calculate its density. (The atomic weight of copper is 63.5, and the Avogadro constant is 0.602×10²⁴)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8960 kg/m³", + "8933 kg/m³", + "8.93 g/cm³", + "63.5 g/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For an Fe-0.35% C alloy, at what temperature does austenite first begin to transform on cooling?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "727°C", + "795°C", + "850°C", + "680°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of solid solution can albite Na(AlSi3O8) and anorthite Ca(Al2Si2O8) form?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Continuous substitutional solid solution", + "Interstitial solid solution", + "Limited substitutional solid solution", + "Intermetallic compound" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a metal that has the simple cubic crystal structure, the atomic radius is: (Given: density = 2.05g/cm³, atomic weight = 77.84g/mol)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.144 nm", + "0.122 nm", + "0.156 nm", + "0.134 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the planar density for BCC lithium in the (100) plane?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0406 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0812 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.1624 x 10^16 points/cm^2", + "0.0573 x 10^16 points/cm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Both silver and aluminum have face-centered cubic lattices, and their atomic radii are very close, $r_{\\text{Ag}}=0.288\\mathrm{~nm}$ $r_{\\text{Al}}=0.286\\mathrm{nm}$, but they cannot form infinite solid solutions in the solid state. What is the main reason for this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because the valence of Ag is 1, while that of Al is 3, i.e., the solid solubility of a high-valence element as a solute in a low-valence element is greater than that of a low-valence element in a high-valence element.", + "Because their electronegativity difference (Δχ=0.28) exceeds the 0.1-0.2 range required for extensive solid solubility.", + "Because the stacking fault energies of Ag (16 mJ/m²) and Al (166 mJ/m²) differ by an order of magnitude, preventing coherent lattice matching.", + "Because the thermal expansion coefficients of Ag (18.9×10⁻⁶/K) and Al (23.1×10⁻⁶/K) create significant mismatch at elevated temperatures." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are the relative amounts of pearlite, secondary cementite, and ledeburite in the microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of w_c=0.04 after metastable cooling to room temperature?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Pearlite: 50%, Secondary cementite: 30%, Ledeburite: 20%", + "Pearlite: 86.3%, Secondary cementite: 10.6%, Ledeburite: 3.10%", + "Pearlite: 3.10%, Secondary cementite: 86.3%, Ledeburite: 10.6%", + "Pearlite: 10.6%, Secondary cementite: 3.10%, Ledeburite: 86.3%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming that at 1000°C, atoms diffuse through an Al2O3 crystal a distance x in 3h, estimate the time required for Al atoms to diffuse through the same Al2O3 crystal a distance of 9x.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "243h", + "27h", + "81h", + "9h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a polymer material is subjected to force, the elasticity achieved by the movement of chain segments is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The modulus remains constant regardless of strain rate or temperature", + "The stress-strain curve shows perfect linearity up to 500% elongation", + "The elastic recovery occurs through reptation of entire polymer chains", + "The energy dissipation is primarily due to covalent bond stretching" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When the crystal growth mechanism of Ge (germanium) follows the two-dimensional nucleation model, if the nuclei formed at the liquid-solid interface are cylindrical with each nucleus height h = 0.25 nm, what is the critical nucleus diameter d*? (Given: melting point Tm = 1231 K, heat of fusion = 750000 kJ/m³, surface energy per unit area = 5.5×10⁻² J/m², undercooling during solidification ΔT = 0.01 Tm)", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "14.7 nm", + "7.35 nm", + "29.4 nm", + "3.68 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "An Al-Si alloy contains 15% primary β and 85% eutectic microconstituent. What is the composition of the alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "25.71% Si", + "12.6% Si", + "18.3% Si", + "30.5% Si" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare the tensile strength of HT150 and annealed 20 steel:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "HT150 has higher tensile strength due to its higher carbon content", + "Annealed 20 steel shows superior tensile strength because of its refined grain structure", + "Both materials exhibit similar tensile strength after heat treatment", + "HT150 demonstrates better tensile strength owing to its cast iron microstructure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The commonly used method for refining grains in casting processes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Stirring or vibration", + "Rapid quenching", + "Alloying with grain refiners", + "Applying magnetic fields during solidification" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The polymer will demonstrate shape memory effects without any crosslinking", + "The polymer will show higher crystallinity upon rapid quenching from melt state", + "The polymer's glass transition temperature will decrease with increasing molecular weight", + "The polymer will exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivity due to random chain orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The activation energy for self-diffusion in copper is 49,300 cal / mol. A copper specimen creeps at 0.002 N / in·h when a stress of 15,000 psi is applied at 600°C. If the creep rate of copper is dependent on self-diffusion, determine the creep rate if the temperature is 800°C.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.002 N/in·h", + "0.04 N/in·h", + "0.4 N/in·h", + "0.004 N/in·h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly defines a unit parallelepiped?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A parallelepiped with edge lengths equal to the lattice parameters in all three dimensions", + "In a space lattice, the parallelepiped selected according to the selection principle is called the unit parallelepiped", + "The smallest repeating unit that can generate the entire crystal structure through translation", + "A parallelepiped containing exactly one lattice point when centered on that point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following statements correctly identifies the error and correction in the concept: 'In the Fe-Fe3C system alloys, only hypereutectoid steels have secondary cementite in their equilibrium crystallization structure.'?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The statement is incorrect because both hypereutectoid and hypoeutectoid steels can form secondary cementite during equilibrium crystallization.", + "The error is in the carbon content range - secondary cementite appears in alloys with 0.0218 < w_c < 0.77, not just hypereutectoid steels.", + "Only hypereutectoid steels (w_c > 0.77) form secondary cementite, but it precipitates from austenite, not during equilibrium crystallization.", + "The statement is correct as written - only hypereutectoid steels develop secondary cementite in their equilibrium structure." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the following electrical characteristics for intrinsic and n-type extrinsic indium phosphide (InP) at room temperature, calculate the electron and hole mobilities (μₑ and μₕ).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "μₑ = 0.05 m²/V·s, μₕ = 1.25 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.02 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.50 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 1.25 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.05 m²/V·s", + "μₑ = 0.50 m²/V·s, μₕ = 0.02 m²/V·s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the packing density of a crystal structure with a coordination number of 6 for a monoatomic substance?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.680", + "0.523", + "0.740", + "0.602" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Magnesium (Mg) has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 1.74 g/cm3. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic centimeters?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.16 × 10^-22 cm3", + "2.78 × 10^-22 cm3", + "1.39 × 10^-22 cm3", + "5.55 × 10^-22 cm3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which method can be used to distinguish between 45 steel and HT150 metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Measuring thermal conductivity at 500°C", + "Metallographic examination of pearlite formation patterns", + "Comparing Brinell hardness values at room temperature", + "X-ray diffraction analysis of crystal structure" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What causes secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "application of external magnetic field during sintering", + "presence of trace amounts of glass-forming oxides", + "uneven particle size distribution in the initial powder", + "exact stoichiometric ratio of constituent elements" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What does the long-range structure (secondary structure) of polymer chain structures include?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Crystallinity degree and spherulite size", + "Relative molecular mass and its distribution, chain flexibility and conformation", + "Tacticity and head-to-head configuration", + "Glass transition temperature and melting point" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is the grain boundary energy of a small-angle grain boundary less than for a high-angle one?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-angle boundaries create more vacancies that increase the system entropy", + "Small-angle boundaries primarily consist of edge dislocations which have lower strain energy", + "The small-angle boundary has more atoms maintaining their original crystal coordination", + "The Burgers vector magnitude is smaller for small-angle boundaries" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a binary system composed of A and B, when α and β phases are in equilibrium, the relationship between composition (x) and free energy (G) for the two components is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The chemical potentials of component B must be equal in both phases", + "The total free energy of the system must be minimized", + "The molar volumes of both phases must be identical", + "The entropy of mixing must be maximized in both phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What type of bond predominates in metallic materials, how strong is the bonding, and consequently, what is their elastic modulus like?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Metallic bonds, moderately strong, resulting in intermediate elastic modulus comparable to covalent solids", + "Metallic bonds, relatively weak, leading to lower elastic modulus than ionic crystals", + "Mixed covalent-metallic bonds, very strong, producing exceptionally high elastic modulus", + "Secondary bonds dominating, extremely weak, causing elastic modulus similar to polymers" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The atomic number of chromium is 24, and it has a total of 4 isotopes: 4.31% of Cr atoms contain 26 neutrons, 83.76% contain 28 neutrons, 9.55% contain 29 neutrons, and 2.38% contain 30 neutrons. What is the relative atomic mass of chromium?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "52.123", + "52.000", + "51.996", + "52.057" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly compares the arrangement of silicon-oxygen frameworks in silicate crystals and silicate glasses?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "In silicate crystals, the silicon-oxygen frameworks are arranged in an orderly manner according to certain symmetrical rules; in silicate glasses, the arrangement of silicon-oxygen frameworks is disordered", + "Both silicate crystals and glasses exhibit long-range order in silicon-oxygen frameworks, but with different symmetry elements", + "Silicate glasses maintain short-range order similar to crystals, but with varying bond angles that disrupt medium-range order", + "The primary difference lies in the coordination number of silicon atoms: 4 in crystals and variable in glasses" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "From what is Fe3CI precipitated?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Solid-state reaction", + "Liquid phase", + "Vapor deposition", + "Electrochemical reduction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Shape memory alloys utilize the characteristics of which of the following to achieve shape recovery?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Martensitic transformation and twinning deformation", + "Superelasticity and shape memory effect", + "Dislocation slip and grain boundary diffusion", + "Elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The kinetics of the austenite-to-pearlite transformation obey the Avrami relationship. Using the fraction transformed-time data given here, determine the total time required for 95% of the austenite to transform to pearlite:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "42.3 s", + "35.7 s", + "28.2 s", + "56.8 s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A glass composition (wt%) is Na2O 14%, CaO 13%, SiO2 73%, with a density of 2.5 g/cm3. If soda ash, limestone, and quartz sand are used as raw materials to melt this glass with 1000 kg of quartz sand, how much of the other two raw materials are needed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "409.85 kg of soda ash and 397.50 kg of limestone", + "245.91 kg of soda ash and 238.50 kg of limestone", + "327.88 kg of soda ash and 318.00 kg of limestone", + "163.94 kg of soda ash and 159.00 kg of limestone" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For FCC and BCC metals during plastic deformation, the relationship between flow stress and dislocation density ρ is given by τ=τ0+αGb√ρ, where τ0 is the stress required for dislocation motion without interference from other dislocations, i.e., the shear stress without work hardening, G is the shear modulus, b is the Burgers vector of the dislocation, and α is a material-dependent constant, α=0.3∼0.5. If a Cu single crystal has τ0=700 kPa, initial dislocation density ρ0=10^5 cm−2, G=42×10^3 MPa, b=0.256 nm, α=0.4, what is the critical resolved shear stress?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "954 kPa", + "700 kPa", + "1.12 MPa", + "836 kPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). What is the proeutectoid phase?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "cementite", + "ferrite", + "pearlite", + "ledeburite" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The correct order of coordination numbers for the following alloy phases from small to large is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The stacking fault energy of pure Al is higher than that of Al-4.5%Cu alloy at room temperature", + "The stacking fault energy of pure Cu is lower than that of Cu-30%Zn alloy at 500°C", + "The stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel decreases with increasing Ni content", + "The stacking fault energy of HCP metals is generally higher than that of FCC metals with similar atomic bonding" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the reason for the difference in property changes between short-period elements and long-period elements?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Relativistic effects become significant in heavier elements altering orbital shapes", + "Long-period elements exhibit stronger metallic bonding due to increased nuclear charge", + "The presence of d-block elements introduces additional electron shielding effects", + "The lanthanide contraction causes unexpected periodicity in transition metals" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Assuming the atomic radius remains unchanged before and after the transformation, what is the volume change of pure iron when it transforms from bcc to fcc structure at 17°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "+0.000%", + "+2.314%", + "-12.472%", + "-8.196%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Match the luminescence characteristics with their descriptions.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism in pure aluminum at room temperature", + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals is primarily determined by the Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts decreasing yield strength with decreasing grain size in polycrystalline metals", + "Dislocation climb is the primary mechanism for plastic deformation in BCC metals at 0.5Tm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the drift velocity of electrons in germanium at room temperature when the magnitude of the electric field is 1000 V/m?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "760 m/s", + "1900 m/s", + "380 m/s", + "480 m/s" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why can screw dislocations only undergo glide motion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Because screw dislocations lack the necessary vacancy diffusion pathways", + "Because screw dislocations can only move along their Burgers vector direction", + "Because the stress field of screw dislocations prevents climb motion", + "Because it does not have a fixed half-atom plane" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The dislocation that cannot undergo climb motion is", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Shockley partial dislocation", + "Frank partial dislocation", + "edge perfect dislocation", + "screw perfect dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A steel contains 94 % pearlite and 6 % primary cementite at room temperature. Estimate the carbon content of the steel.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.124 % C", + "0.94 % C", + "0.77 % C", + "1.06 % C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The three mechanical states corresponding to linear amorphous polymers are the usage states of:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "plastic; rubber; flow resin", + "glass; rubber; viscous liquid", + "crystalline; viscoelastic; molten", + "elastic; plastic; brittle" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the quenching temperature required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Quench to between 300-400 degrees Celsius to form lower bainite", + "Quench to below the M_gamma (less than 130 degrees Celsius)", + "Quench to room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) followed by tempering", + "Quench to just above the A1 temperature (727 degrees Celsius)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Wetting is an important behavior at the solid-liquid interface. One of the methods to improve wetting is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increase the contact angle to promote capillary action", + "Decrease the viscosity of the liquid to enhance spreading kinetics", + "Increase the surface energy of the solid (remove the adsorbed film on the solid surface)", + "Reduce the interfacial tension by adding surfactants to both phases" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When 20 mol% YF3 is added to CaF2 to form a solid solution, the experimentally measured density of the solid solution is 3.64 g/cm3, and the lattice parameter at this time is a=0.55 nm. The type of this solid solution is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "a substitutional solid solution with anion vacancies", + "a substitutional solid solution with cation vacancies", + "an interstitial solid solution is formed", + "a simple substitutional solid solution without defects" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the symmetric tilt grain boundary of face-centered cubic metal $\\mathrm{Cu}$, the spacing between two positive edge dislocations is $D=1000\\mathrm{nm}$. Assuming the extra half-plane of the edge dislocation is the (110) plane and $d_{110}=0.1278\\mathrm{~nm}$, what is the tilt angle $\\theta$ of the tilt grain boundary?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.0292°", + "0.0073°", + "0.0146°", + "0.0219°" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Is it possible to grind up and reuse polypropylene?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Yes, but only for non-structural applications due to severe molecular weight degradation", + "No, because the polymer chains undergo irreversible scission during the grinding process", + "Only if mixed with virgin material, as recycled PP always requires compatibilizers", + "Yes, because polypropylene's semi-crystalline structure allows it to retain mechanical properties after multiple melt cycles" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Predict whether Sulfur (S) will act as a donor or an acceptor when added to Indium Antimonide (InSb). Assume that the impurity elements are substitutional.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Donor (n-type)", + "Acceptor (p-type)", + "Amphoteric (both donor and acceptor)", + "Neutral (no doping effect)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "By adding $20\\%\\mathrm{B}_{2}0_{3}$ to $\\mathrm{Si0_{2}}$, what is the $0:\\mathrm{Si}$ ratio of the melt?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.86", + "2.20", + "1.60", + "2.00" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For two types of diffusion with activation energies of E1= 83.7 kJ/mol and E2=251 kJ/mol, how does the diffusion rate change when the temperature increases from 25°C to 600°C?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The diffusion rate increases by 2.3×10^6 and 1.7×10^18 times, respectively", + "The diffusion rate increases by 4.6×10^9 and 9.5×10^28 times, respectively", + "The diffusion rate decreases due to thermal expansion effects", + "Both diffusion rates increase by the same factor of 1.2×10^12 times" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the difference in phase transformation resistance between the solid-state phase transformation of metals and the crystallization process of metals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Both processes have identical activation energies when normalized by volume", + "Crystallization requires overcoming surface energy while solid-state transformations do not", + "The presence of dislocation density affects only solid-state transformations", + "Solid-state transformations involve additional grain boundary diffusion resistance" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How do temperature indicators made from a coiled metal strip that uncoils when the temperature increases work?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The strip is made of a single metal alloy that undergoes a phase transformation at the target temperature, causing the uncoiling", + "Two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded, causing differential expansion that uncoils the strip", + "The strip is pre-stressed to uncoil when thermal energy overcomes the yield strength of the material", + "A shape memory alloy is used that returns to its original straight shape when heated above its transformation temperature" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 0.85 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "About 777°C (1430°F)", + "About 727°C (1340°F)", + "About 912°C (1674°F)", + "About 600°C (1112°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A space lattice is formed by arranging in space with a regular repetition.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical resolved shear stress for slip in FCC metals is primarily determined by the Peierls-Nabarro stress", + "Dislocation climb in BCC metals occurs at temperatures below 0.3Tm due to their high intrinsic point defect concentrations", + "The Hall-Petch relationship predicts decreasing yield strength with decreasing grain size in nanocrystalline materials", + "Twinning in HCP metals is the dominant deformation mechanism at all temperatures due to their limited slip systems" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the required volume of the cylindrical riser to prevent shrinkage in a 4 in. × 10 in. × 20 in. casting if the H / D of the riser is 1.5?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "v ≥ 187 in.^3", + "v ≥ 274 in.^3", + "v ≥ 412 in.^3", + "v ≥ 349 in.^3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following alloy tool steels has the best comprehensive mechanical properties?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Cr12", + "9SiCr", + "5CrMnMo", + "W18Cr4V" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "How does the concentration of a solid solution affect the diffusion coefficient?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The lower the concentration, the easier the diffusion due to reduced lattice distortion", + "The higher the concentration, the easier the diffusion due to increased vacancy concentration", + "Diffusion coefficient is independent of concentration in solid solutions", + "The relationship follows an inverse square root dependence on concentration" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared to pure iron, how do the strength and hardness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Same as pure iron", + "Lower", + "Higher", + "Depends on the carbon content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes the types of silicate structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The main silicate structures are: (1) orthosilicates; (2) pyrosilicates; (3) cyclic silicates; (4) inosilicates; (5) phyllosilicates; (6) tectosilicates", + "Silicates are classified as: (1) isolated tetrahedra; (2) single chains; (3) double chains; (4) sheets; (5) frameworks", + "Silicates are divided into the following categories: (1) silicates containing finite silicon-oxygen groups; (2) chain silicates; (3) layer silicates; (4) framework silicates", + "Silicates can be categorized as: (1) monomeric; (2) dimeric; (3) oligomeric; (4) polymeric" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The density of ZnS is $4.1~\\mathrm{Mg}/\\mathrm{m}^{3}$. What is the distance between the centers of the two ions based on this?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.283 nm", + "0.234 nm", + "0.197 nm", + "0.312 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are causes of secondary recrystallization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "presence of trace oxygen impurities during sintering", + "uneven particle size distribution in the initial powder", + "application of external magnetic field during processing", + "exceeding the theoretical density limit during compaction" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is interstitial diffusion normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Interstitial atoms have higher activation energy for diffusion due to stronger lattice distortions", + "Vacancy diffusion requires pre-existing defects while interstitial diffusion can occur in perfect crystals", + "Interstitial sites have lower coordination number, reducing atomic interaction resistance", + "The concentration gradient for interstitial impurities is typically steeper than for vacancies" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the Hall-Petch formula σ=σ₀+kd⁻¹/², given σ₀=55.3MPa, k=272MPa·μm¹/², d=39.8μm, the yield strength σ after annealing for 90 minutes is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "113.7MPa", + "98.4MPa", + "76.2MPa", + "327.3MPa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "A beam of light is shined on a thin (sub-millimeter thick) single crystal wafer of material. The light source is special since it can be tuned to provide any wavelength of visible light on demand. The specimen is illuminated such that the frequency of light is decreased over time while the transmitted intensity of the light is measured. If the sample becomes transparent when the frequency is less than [F] THz, what is the band gap of the material, in eV? Assume that an intrinsic excitation of electrons is responsible for the absorption.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.135 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "1.239 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "6.582 × 10^{-3} [F] eV", + "2.998 × 10^{-3} [F] eV" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The average grain diameter for a brass material was measured as a function of time at 650 degrees C, which is shown in the following table at two different times: Time (min) 40, Grain Diameter (mm) 5.6 x 10^-2; Time (min) 100, Grain Diameter (mm) 8.0 x 10^-2. What was the original grain diameter?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.031 mm", + "4.2 x 10^-2 mm", + "0.0 mm (initial nucleation size)", + "Cannot be determined without knowing the grain growth exponent n" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "One of the conditions for clay slurry peptization is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The clay particles are isoelectric", + "The zeta potential exceeds 30 mV", + "The medium is alkaline", + "The slurry temperature exceeds 100°C" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Why is high-speed steel generally not used for die-casting molds, and why was the steel grade 3Cr2W8V developed?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "High-speed steel lacks sufficient thermal conductivity for efficient heat dissipation in die-casting applications", + "The tungsten content in high-speed steel causes excessive carbide precipitation at die-casting temperatures", + "High-speed steel's superior hardness leads to unacceptable tool brittleness under cyclic thermal loading", + "3Cr2W8V was specifically developed to optimize the cost-performance ratio for aluminum die-casting" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize a 0.76 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a normalizing heat treatment?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "912°C (1674°F)", + "727°C (1341°F)", + "850°C (1562°F)", + "782°C (1440°F)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Nickel has a face-centered cubic structure with an atomic radius of r_Ni=0.1246 nm. How many atoms are present in 1 mm^2 on the (100) plane of nickel?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.5×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "1.2×10^14 atoms/mm^2", + "3.0×10^13 atoms/mm^2", + "6.1×10^13 atoms/mm^2" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the volume change rate ΔVa/Va due to lattice constant expansion when the temperature increases from T1 to T2?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "exp[3 × α × (T2 - T1)] - 1", + "(Δa/a)^3", + "3 × α × (T2 - T1)", + "3 × (Δa/a)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compared with pure iron, how do the strength and hardness of ferrite change?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Higher", + "Lower", + "Same as pure iron", + "Depends on carbon content" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Under non-equilibrium crystallization conditions, which of the following statements is correct regarding the formation of divorced eutectic structures?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The divorced eutectic morphology results from insufficient diffusion time for solute partitioning", + "Alloys near the eutectic point show higher divorced eutectic tendency due to constitutional undercooling", + "Divorced eutectics form more easily in hypereutectic alloys due to primary phase nucleation barriers", + "The divorced eutectic formation is primarily controlled by the cooling rate rather than composition position" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given that the density of fully crystalline polyethylene (PE) is 1.01 g/cm³ and that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is 0.92 g/cm³, what is the size of the 'free space' in LDPE?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.097 cm³/g", + "0.089 cm³/g", + "0.105 cm³/g", + "0.081 cm³/g" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are the necessary conditions for mud peptization?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Presence of divalent cations enhances peptization", + "High ionic strength solution is required", + "The medium must be alkaline", + "Acidic conditions promote clay particle dispersion" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the Fe3C compound, each unit cell contains how many C and Fe atoms?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2 C atoms and 6 Fe atoms", + "4 C atoms and 12 Fe atoms", + "1 C atom and 3 Fe atoms", + "8 C atoms and 24 Fe atoms" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The flexibility of polymer materials mainly depends on the mobility of .", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The mobility of pendant phenyl rings", + "The degree of crystallinity in the amorphous regions", + "The entanglement density of polymer chains", + "The reptation dynamics of chain ends" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Crystal families are classified based on:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The relative lengths of the crystallographic axes and the angles between them", + "The number of higher-order axes (n>2) in the crystal structure", + "The type of Bravais lattice the crystal belongs to", + "The presence or absence of a center of symmetry in the unit cell" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following correctly describes a metallic bond?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A hybrid bond combining ionic character from s-electron transfer and covalent character from p-orbital overlap", + "The electrostatic attraction between fixed positive ions and delocalized valence electrons", + "A covalent-like bond formed by overlapping d-orbitals in transition metals", + "The bonding force between metal atoms formed by the interaction between metal cations and free electrons" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When clay adsorbs different cations, what is the variation trend in slurry stability (from small to large)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "H+ < Al3+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+", + "Li+ < Na+ < K+ < NH4+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+ < Al3+ < H+", + "Al3+ < H+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+", + "H+ < Al3+ < Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < NH4+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following describes the shape memory mechanism of shape memory polymers?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The shape memory effect arises from reversible phase transitions between amorphous and crystalline domains, where mechanical deformation is stored in the amorphous phase and recovered upon heating above the transition temperature.", + "Shape memory polymers rely on covalent crosslinking networks that prevent permanent deformation, with shape recovery driven by entropic elasticity when heated above the glass transition temperature.", + "The mechanism involves radiation-induced crosslinking that creates memory points, allowing temporary shapes to be fixed below the crystalline melting point and recovered when reheated.", + "Shape memory behavior is governed by oriented molecular chains in the rubbery state that become frozen in place upon cooling, with recovery occurring when thermal energy allows chains to return to their random coil configuration." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is Critical deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The minimum pre-deformation required to cause recrystallization when heated above the recrystallization temperature", + "The maximum strain a material can withstand before fracture at room temperature", + "The deformation threshold where dislocation density reaches saturation point", + "The critical strain required to initiate dynamic recrystallization during hot working" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When an embryo appears in an undercooled liquid, what can the total free energy change ΔG be written as?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "ΔG=4/3πr³ΔGV+4πr²σ", + "ΔG=ΔH-TΔS", + "ΔG=VΔGV+σS", + "ΔG=ΔGV+σ" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth is the process in which the average grain size of a strain-free material continuously increases during heat treatment without altering its distribution. Within the bulk, grain sizes grow uniformly, and pores remain at grain boundaries or grain boundary junctions during grain growth.", + "Grain growth occurs when dislocations rearrange to form subgrain boundaries, leading to a reduction in overall grain size due to recrystallization during annealing.", + "Grain growth is primarily driven by surface energy minimization, causing smaller grains to dissolve while larger grains grow, similar to Ostwald ripening in liquid solutions.", + "Grain growth involves the migration of grain boundaries to reduce strain energy, resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution with distinct populations of small and large grains." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The formula for samarium iron garnet (Sm3Fe5O12) may be written in the form Sm3^aFe2^cFe3^dO12, where the superscripts a, c, and d represent different sites on which the Sm^3+ and Fe^3+ ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the Sm^3+ and Fe^3+ ions positioned in a and c sites are oriented parallel to one another and antiparallel to the Fe^3+ ions in d sites. Compute the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each Sm^3+ ion, given the following information: (1) each unit cell consists of eight formula (Sm3Fe5O12) units; (2) the unit cell is cubic with an edge length of 1.2529 nm; (3) the saturation magnetization for this material is 1.35 × 10^5 A/m; and (4) there are 5 Bohr magnetons associated with each Fe^3+ ion.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.72 bm", + "5.72 bm", + "2.86 bm", + "4.28 bm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "下列哪些是金属的典型晶体结构类型？", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "FCC", + "BCC", + "HCP", + "Diamond cubic" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In the face-centered cubic close-packed structure of the NaCl unit cell, where are the tetrahedral void positions located?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "At the centers of the octahedral coordination sites", + "At the midpoints of all face diagonals in the unit cell", + "At the centers of the 8 small cubes formed by dividing the unit cell", + "At the positions where the Na+ ions are located" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Analyze the crystal structures of CaO and MgO, and determine whether CaO-MgO meets the crystal structural conditions for forming a solid solution.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "No, because CaO has a higher coordination number (8) than MgO (6) in their crystal structures", + "Yes, because both have FCC NaCl-type structures with similar lattice parameters (4.81Å for CaO vs 4.21Å for MgO)", + "Yes, but only at high temperatures where their thermal expansion coefficients converge", + "No, because the large difference in ionic radii (Ca²⁺=1.00Å vs Mg²⁺=0.72Å) prevents stable substitution" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a body-centered cubic structure with lattice constant a, can a dislocation with Burgers vector $a$ [100] decompose into $\\frac{a}{2}$ [111] + $\\frac{a}{2}$ [1-1-1]?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Only at temperatures above the Debye temperature", + "No, because [100] is not a perfect dislocation in BCC crystals", + "Yes, because the vector sum matches and the decomposition reduces strain energy", + "Yes, but only if the dislocation line direction is [110]" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The tensile strength of brittle materials can be expressed by the following formula: \n\n$$\n\\sigma_{\\mathrm{m}}=2\\sigma_{\\mathrm{0}}\\bigg(\\frac{\\ell}{r}\\bigg)^{\\frac{1}{2}}\n$$\n\nWhere, $\\sigma_{0}$ is the nominal applied tensile stress; $l$ is the length of the surface crack or half the length of an internal crack; $r$ is the radius of curvature at the crack tip; and $\\sigma_{\\infty}$ is actually the maximum stress caused by stress concentration at the crack tip. Now assume that the critical length of the surface crack in $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ ceramic is $l = 2\\times10^{-3}\\mathrm{mm}$, its theoretical fracture strength is $\\frac{E}{10}$, where $E$ is the elastic modulus of the material and is $393\\mathrm{GPa}$. When a tensile stress of $275\\mathrm{MPa}$ is applied to the $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ ceramic specimen, what is the critical radius of curvature $r_{\\mathfrak{c}}$ at the crack tip that causes fracture?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "0.39 nm", + "1.23 nm", + "2.45 nm", + "3.14 nm" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After quenching, 1.2% steel obtains a martensite and a small amount of retained austenite structure. What changes will occur when heated to 680°C and held for 2 hours?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "A fully spheroidized cementite structure forms in a ferrite matrix", + "The retained austenite transforms into fresh martensite due to thermal activation", + "Carbides are distributed in granular form within the ferrite matrix, resulting in a granular pearlite structure", + "The structure remains largely unchanged as this temperature is below Ac1" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For a brass alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 345 MPa (50,000 psi), and the modulus of elasticity is 103 GPa (15.0 x 10^6 psi). If the original specimen length is 76mm (3.0 in.), what is the maximum length to which it can be stretched without causing plastic deformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "76.25mm (3.01 in.)", + "76.34mm (3.006 in.)", + "76.50mm (3.012 in.)", + "76.10mm (2.996 in.)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If a face-centered cubic crystal has a unit dislocation with b=α/2[1̄01] and a partial dislocation with b=a/6[121̄], these two dislocations meet and undergo a dislocation reaction. Which of the following is the Burgers vector of the resulting dislocation and the type of the resulting dislocation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "bŝ=a/6[1̄1̄2]; this dislocation is a stair-rod dislocation", + "bŝ=a/6[112̄]; this dislocation is a Shockley partial dislocation", + "bŝ=a/2[1̄10]; this dislocation is a perfect dislocation", + "bŝ=a/3[1̄11]; this dislocation is a Frank partial dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Estimate the number of clusters containing 10 atoms in 1cm³ of copper at its melting point temperature. The atomic volume of liquid copper is 1.6×10⁻²⁹m³, the surface energy is 0.177J/m², and the melting point is 1356K. The number of clusters is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "8.85×10¹⁰ cm⁻³", + "1.13×10¹⁴ cm⁻³", + "3.72×10⁸ cm⁻³", + "5.64×10¹² cm⁻³" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Using dislocation theory, what is the second reason for the work hardening of pure metal single crystals?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Dislocation reactions occur, forming immobile dislocations that hinder dislocation motion", + "Increased dislocation density reduces the mean free path of dislocations", + "Lattice distortion caused by solute atoms creates additional barriers", + "Cross-slip of screw dislocations becomes energetically unfavorable" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The diffusion coefficients of carbon in titanium measured at different temperatures are 2×10−9cm2/s (736℃), 5×10−9cm2/s (782℃), and 1.3×10−8cm2/s (838℃). The activation energy for diffusion is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.34×10^6 J/mol", + "189.5 kJ/mol", + "2342787 J/mol", + "152.3 kJ/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Compare gray and malleable cast irons with respect to mechanical characteristics. Which of the following statements is correct?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Gray iron exhibits higher impact toughness than malleable iron due to its flake graphite structure", + "Malleable iron shows better machinability than gray iron because of its lower carbon content", + "Both irons demonstrate similar damping capacities despite their different graphite morphologies", + "Gray iron's compressive strength is significantly lower than its tensile strength due to graphite orientation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "For the allotropic transformation of a pure metal $(x\\rightarrow\\beta)$, at a certain degree of undercooling, the volume Gibbs free energy difference between the two phases is $7\\times10^{8} kJ/m^{3}$, and the interfacial energy is $0.5 J/m^{2}$. If the strain energy of nucleation is neglected, what are the critical nucleus size and the critical nucleation work for forming a cubic nucleus?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The critical nucleus size is 4.286×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 2.88×10⁻¹⁷ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 2.143×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 9.0×10⁻¹⁸ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 3.428×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 1.44×10⁻¹⁷ J", + "The critical nucleus size is 1.714×10⁻⁹ m and the critical nucleation work is 7.2×10⁻¹⁸ J" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Consider a cylindrical specimen of some hypothetical metal alloy that has a diameter of 8.0 mm(0.31 in.). A tensile force of 1000N (225 lb_f) produces an elastic reduction in diameter of 2.8 × 10^{-4} mm(1.10 × 10^{-5} in.). Given that Poisson's ratio is 0.30, what is the modulus of elasticity for this alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "1.705 × 10^11 Pa (170.5 GPa)", + "2.275 × 10^11 Pa (227.5 GPa)", + "5.683 × 10^10 Pa (56.83 GPa)", + "3.410 × 10^11 Pa (341.0 GPa)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "During the plastic deformation of metals, after twinning occurs, the crystal orientations on both sides of the twin plane exhibit (11), and the crystal undergoes (12) shear. Which of the following correctly fills in the blanks (11) and (12)?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "asymmetric relationship; non-uniform", + "symmetric relationship; uniform", + "mirror symmetry; directional", + "random orientation; localized" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "If 50 mol% Na2O is added to SiO2, what is the O:Si ratio?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.0", + "3.0", + "2.5", + "4.0" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "After welding A and A-B alloy, the Kirkendall effect occurs, and the interface is measured to move towards the A sample. Then", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The vacancy flux is dominated by A atoms diffusing into the A-B alloy", + "The vacancy flux is dominated by B atoms diffusing into pure A", + "The interdiffusion coefficient is negative in this system", + "The marker velocity is proportional to the square of the concentration gradient" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The critical resolved shear stress of an aluminum single crystal at room temperature is 7.9×10⁵ Pa. If a tensile test is performed on an aluminum single crystal specimen at room temperature with the tensile axis in the [123] direction, and the possible activated slip system is (111)[101], what is the stress required to cause the specimen to yield?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "3.42×10⁶ Pa", + "1.69×10⁶ Pa", + "7.9×10⁵ Pa", + "2.37×10⁶ Pa" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When a pure metal undergoes an allotropic transformation during cooling from high temperature to room temperature with volume expansion, the atomic coordination number of the low-temperature phase is ___ that of the high-temperature phase.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The equilibrium vacancy concentration increases", + "The activation energy for vacancy migration decreases", + "The dislocation mobility significantly improves", + "The stacking fault energy becomes negative" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Spherical Al2O3 particles with a diameter of 1μm are surrounded by excess MgO particles, and the formation of spinel is observed. At a constant temperature, 20% of the Al2O3 reacts in the first hour. Using the Ginstling equation, calculate the time required for complete reaction.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "5.00 h", + "25.00 h", + "68.12 h", + "100.00 h" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "When compressing the cold-rolled sheet from 1cm thickness to 0.6cm, what is the true linear strain e?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "e ≈ -80%", + "e ≈ -40%", + "e ≈ -51%", + "e ≈ -67%" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "In a simple cubic crystal, if the direction of the dislocation line is [001] and $b=a$ [110], what type of dislocation does this belong to?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "edge dislocation", + "screw dislocation", + "mixed dislocation", + "partial dislocation" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of grain growth?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Grain growth occurs through the migration of grain boundaries driven by surface energy reduction, resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution as smaller grains are consumed by larger ones.", + "Grain growth is the process in which the average grain size of a strain-free material continuously increases during heat treatment without altering its distribution. Within the green body, grain sizes grow uniformly; during grain growth, pores remain at grain boundaries or grain boundary junctions.", + "Grain growth is primarily governed by dislocation movement and results in a decrease in grain boundary energy, leading to a random distribution of grain sizes.", + "Grain growth involves the coalescence of adjacent grains through atomic diffusion along grain boundaries, creating a gradient in grain sizes from the surface to the bulk material." + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following are characteristics of refractory ceramic materials that improve with increasing porosity?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Increased elastic modulus at elevated temperatures", + "Decreased thermal expansion and contraction upon thermal cycling", + "Enhanced ionic conductivity through grain boundaries", + "Improved fracture toughness under compressive loads" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the melting point of Cu tm=1083°C, latent heat of fusion Lm=1.88×10^3 J/cm^3, and specific surface energy σ=1.44×10^5 J/cm^2. The critical nucleus radius for homogeneous nucleation of Cu at 853°C is:", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "2.16×10^-9 m", + "1.44×10^-9 m", + "1.88×10^-9 m", + "9.03×10^-10 m" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the light transmission characteristic of polycrystalline and nonporous electrical insulators?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Translucent", + "Transparent", + "Opaque", + "Variable transparency depending on grain size" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the driving force for the formation of spheroidite?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The thermodynamic instability of lamellar cementite", + "The minimization of interfacial energy through curvature effects", + "The reduction in dislocation density during annealing", + "The net reduction in ferrite-cementite phase boundary area" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What is the force of attraction between a K^{+} and an O^{2-} ion when their centers are separated by a distance of 1.5 nm?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "4.10 × 10^{-10} N", + "1.02 × 10^{-10} N", + "2.05 × 10^{-10} N", + "8.20 × 10^{-10} N" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Two positive edge dislocations on the same slip plane, each with a Burgers vector b, when they approach infinitely close, what is the total energy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "αGb²", + "2αGb²", + "4αGb²", + "8αGb²" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "What are habit planes in the context of solid-state phase transformation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Planes of maximum atomic density in the parent phase", + "The interface planes with minimum surface energy between parent and product phases", + "Crystallographic planes in the parent phase where the new phase preferentially forms", + "The most elastically compliant planes in the parent phase" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The mass fractions of total ferrite and total cementite in an iron-carbon alloy are 0.88 and 0.12, respectively. Is this a hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid alloy?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "Hypereutectoid, because the carbon content is above 0.76 wt%", + "Hypoeutectoid, because ferrite is the dominant phase", + "Hypereutectoid, because cementite forms before pearlite", + "Hypoeutectoid, because the alloy contains less than 6.7 wt% carbon" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "According to the rules of ionic compound formation, when all octahedral interstitial sites are filled, what valence cations should be inserted in the interstitial sites?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "The cation valence should equal the coordination number, such as ZnS", + "The cation valence should be twice the anion valence, such as CaF2", + "The ratio of cation to anion valences should be 1:1, such as NaCl", + "The cation valence should balance the total anionic charge, such as Al2O3" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "The chemical handbook lists the density of NH4Cl as 1.5 g/cm3. X-ray data indicate that NH4Cl has two crystal structures: one is the NaCl-type structure with a=0.726 nm, and the other is the CsCl structure with a=0.387 nm. To which crystal type does the above density value belong? (The NH4+ ion occupies the crystal lattice as a single unit).", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "NaCl-type structure", + "CsCl structure", + "Both structures give this density", + "Neither structure matches this density" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Given the diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel at two temperatures (1273 K with D = 9.4 x 10^-16 m^2/s and 1473 K with D = 2.4 x 10^-14 m^2/s), determine the values of D0 and the activation energy Qd.", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "D0 = 1.1 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 126,200 J/mol", + "D0 = 2.2 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 252,400 J/mol", + "D0 = 4.4 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 252,400 J/mol", + "D0 = 2.2 x 10^-5 m^2/s and Qd = 126,200 J/mol" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + }, + { + "question": "Convert the (101) plane into the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells. Which of the following is the correct representation?", + "choices": { + "text": [ + "(1 0 1 0)", + "(1 0 -1 1)", + "(10 -1 1)", + "(1 0 -1 0)" + ], + "label": [ + "A", + "B", + "C", + "D" + ] + }, + "answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]", + "prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]." + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_format_convert.py b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_format_convert.py index 377dc18..3c23bc7 100644 --- a/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_format_convert.py +++ b/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_format_convert.py @@ -513,12 +513,12 @@ def main(): """主函数""" # 文件路径配置 INPUT_FILE = "/home/ubuntu/50T/LYT/MatBench/layer2/PGEE/code/stepy_complete_choice_questions_with_sampling.json" - OUTPUT_FILE = "/home/ubuntu/50T/LYT/MatBench/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered.json" + OUTPUT_FILE = "/home/ubuntu/50T/LYT/MatBench/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions_filtered_only_hard.json" # 难度选择比例配置 SELECTION_RATIOS = { "hard_early_stop": 1.0, # 困难题选择10% - "easy_all_correct": 0.35, # 简单题选择3.5% + "easy_all_correct": 0.0, # 简单题选择3.5% "mixed": 0.0, # 混合题选择0% "unknown": 0.0 # 未知难度不选择 }