7017 lines
648 KiB
JSON
7017 lines
648 KiB
JSON
[
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{
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"idx": 15,
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"question": "Calculate the coordination number in a face-centered cubic unit cell",
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"answer": "Coordination number 6",
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"question_type": "calculation",
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||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
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||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
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||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
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||
"difficulty": 1,
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||
"final_level": "Level_2",
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||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算面心立方晶胞中的配位数，需要通过数值计算和晶体学知识来得出具体数值（6），属于需要应用公式和计算的问题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算面心立方晶胞的配位数，这需要应用基本的晶体结构知识，属于基本公式应用和简单计算的范畴。虽然需要理解配位数的概念，但计算过程直接且单一，不涉及多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求计算面心立方晶胞的配位数，这是一个基础概念，只需直接应用已知的配位数数值（对于面心立方结构为12）即可得出答案。虽然正确选项给出的是错误的配位数（应为12而非6），但题目本身的解题过程仅涉及记忆和直接应用单一知识点，无需复杂计算或多步骤推理。",
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"convertible": true,
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"correct_option": "6",
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"choice_question": "What is the coordination number in a face-centered cubic unit cell?",
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"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option among multiple choices.",
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||
"perplexity": {
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||
"has_perplexity": true,
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||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
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||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
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||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算面心立方晶胞中的配位数，但正确选项给出的数值（6）是错误的，正确的配位数应为12。这种错误可能会让材料科学硕士研究生感到困惑，因为他们可能不确定是题目本身有误还是自己理解有误。",
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"missing_info": "正确的配位数数值（应为12）"
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}
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},
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{
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"idx": 62,
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"question": "Based on the projection diagram of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, answer: Is the valence of O2- saturated?",
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"answer": "O2- is bonded to 3 [Mg] and 1 [SiO], N∑i(z+/CN)=2=1z-1, so O2- is saturated",
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||
"question_type": "short_answer",
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||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
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||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
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||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
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||
"difficulty": 4,
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||
"final_level": "Level_5",
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||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于投影图分析O2-的价态是否饱和，答案需要文字解释和论述，涉及化学键和配位数的分析，而非简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解晶体结构投影图，并应用配位数和电价规则进行多步计算和综合分析，涉及概念关联和中等复杂度的推理过程。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度，需要考生具备以下能力：",
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"convertible": true,
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"correct_option": "O2- is bonded to 3 [Mg] and 1 [SiO], N∑i(z+/CN)=2=1z-1, so O2- is saturated",
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||
"choice_question": "Based on the projection diagram of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, is the valence of O2- saturated?",
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||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and standard explanation, which can be used as the correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
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||
"perplexity": {
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||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
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||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于投影图分析O2-的价态是否饱和，但没有提供Mg2[SiO4]在(100)平面的投影图。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉晶体结构投影图，但缺少具体的投影图可能会让部分学生感到困惑，尤其是在需要精确分析配位数和化学键的情况下。",
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"missing_info": "Mg2[SiO4]在(100)平面的投影图"
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}
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},
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{
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"idx": 63,
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"question": "Based on the projection of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, answer: what is the number of molecules in the unit cell?",
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"answer": "z=4",
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"question_type": "calculation",
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||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
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"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
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||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
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||
"difficulty": 3,
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||
"final_level": "Level_3",
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"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于投影计算晶胞中的分子数量，需要通过结构分析和数值计算得出具体数值（z=4），属于需要应用晶体学知识和计算方法的计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目需要基于晶体投影进行多步计算，涉及晶体结构分析和单位晶胞分子数的确定，需要概念关联和综合分析能力 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解晶体投影、单位细胞分子数计算等概念，并进行多步骤的空间想象和综合分析。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及对晶体结构的理解和投影分析，属于综合性计算问题。",
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"convertible": true,
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||
"correct_option": "z=4",
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||
"choice_question": "Based on the projection of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, what is the number of molecules in the unit cell?",
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||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
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||
"perplexity": {
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||
"has_perplexity": true,
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||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
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||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
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"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于Mg2[SiO4]在(100)面的投影计算单位晶胞中的分子数量，但没有提供具体的投影图或晶体结构参数（如晶格常数、原子坐标等）。这些信息对于材料科学硕士研究生来说是解题的关键，但题目中并未提供。",
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"missing_info": "Mg2[SiO4]在(100)面的投影图或晶体结构参数（如晶格常数、原子坐标等）"
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}
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},
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{
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"idx": 65,
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"question": "Based on the projection diagram of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, answer: What fraction of the tetrahedral and octahedral voids are occupied by Si4+ and Mg2+?",
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"answer": "Si4+ occupies tetrahedral voids = 1/8, Mg2+ occupies octahedral voids = 1/2",
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"question_type": "short_answer",
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"question_type_name": "简答题",
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||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
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||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
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"difficulty": 4,
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"final_level": "Level_5",
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"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于投影图分析并回答特定问题，答案需要具体描述占据空隙的比例，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目要求基于投影图分析晶体结构中四面体和八面体空隙的占据情况，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析晶体结构知识和空间几何关系。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度，需要综合理解晶体结构、投影图分析、空隙占有率计算等多个概念，并进行多步计算和综合分析。题目不仅要求掌握基本的晶体学知识，还需要能够将不同概念关联起来，进行较为复杂的推理和计算。",
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"convertible": true,
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"correct_option": "Si4+ occupies tetrahedral voids = 1/8, Mg2+ occupies octahedral voids = 1/2",
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"choice_question": "Based on the projection diagram of Mg2[SiO4] on the (100) plane, what fraction of the tetrahedral and octahedral voids are occupied by Si4+ and Mg2+?",
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||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and standardized description, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
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||
"perplexity": {
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||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
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||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
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||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于投影图分析晶体结构中四面体和八面体空隙的占据情况，但未提供具体的投影图或相关数据。虽然材料科学专业学生应熟悉晶体结构知识，但缺乏具体的投影图信息可能会影响解题的准确性。",
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"missing_info": "Mg2[SiO4]在(100)平面上的投影图或相关数据"
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}
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},
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{
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"idx": 121,
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"question": "Use experimental methods to identify SiO2 glass",
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"answer": "Use X-ray detection. SiO2 glass - isotropic.",
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"question_type": "short_answer",
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||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
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||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
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||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
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||
"difficulty": 2,
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||
"final_level": "Level_3",
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"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求使用实验方法识别SiO2玻璃，答案提供了具体的实验方法（X-ray detection）和结果（isotropic），这需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求使用实验方法（X射线检测）来识别SiO2玻璃，并解释其各向同性特性。这属于基本实验方法的直接应用，不需要复杂的分析或多步骤推理，主要涉及对实验原理和材料特性的简单理解和应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需直接套用基本知识（X-ray检测和SiO2玻璃的各向同性特性）即可选出正确选项，无需复杂分析或多步骤推理。",
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"convertible": true,
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||
"correct_option": "Use X-ray detection. SiO2 glass - isotropic.",
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"choice_question": "Which of the following methods can be used to identify SiO2 glass?",
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||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard method for identifying SiO2 glass, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
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||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求使用实验方法识别SiO2玻璃，但未提供具体的实验方法选项供选择，而是直接给出了答案。这会让做题者困惑于如何选择或判断正确的实验方法。",
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"missing_info": "缺少具体的实验方法选项供选择"
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||
}
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||
},
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||
{
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"idx": 131,
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"question": "The above data were obtained under constant pressure. If obtained under constant volume, do you think the activation energy would change? Why?",
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"answer": "If obtained under constant volume, the activation energy would not change. Because activation energy is the energy required for liquid particles to undergo linear motion. It is related to the melt composition and the degree of [Si04] polymerization in the melt.",
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||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释为什么在恒容条件下活化能不会改变，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解活化能的概念，并分析其在恒压和恒容条件下的变化。虽然涉及基础概念，但需要将活化能与熔体组成和[Si04]聚合程度关联起来，进行一定的综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目要求考生理解活化能的定义及其与实验条件（恒压与恒容）的关系。其次，需要考生能够分析活化能的本质（液体粒子线性运动所需的能量）以及其与熔体组成和[Si04]聚合度的关联。这涉及多个概念的关联和综合分析，超出了简单的记忆或单一概念的应用。因此，在选择题型中，该题目属于多角度分析论述的难度等级。",
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||
"convertible": true,
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||
"correct_option": "If obtained under constant volume, the activation energy would not change. Because activation energy is the energy required for liquid particles to undergo linear motion. It is related to the melt composition and the degree of [Si04] polymerization in the melt.",
|
||
"choice_question": "The above data were obtained under constant pressure. If obtained under constant volume, do you think the activation energy would change? Why?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard explanation that can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice structure by providing the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'above data'，但没有提供具体的数据或上下文信息，这会让做题者困惑于如何基于这些未提供的数据进行分析。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的数据或上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 138,
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"question": "A melt has a viscosity of 310Pa·s at 1300℃ and 10^7Pa·s at 800℃. What is its viscosity at 1050℃?",
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"answer": "According to logη=A+B/(T+273), at 1300℃, η=310Pa·s, the formula gives: log310=A+B/(1300+273)①; at 800℃, η=10^7Pa·s, the formula gives: log10^7=A+B/(800+273)②. Solving equations ① and ② simultaneously yields A=−7.2, B=15219.6. When t=1050℃, logη=−7.2+15219.6/(1050+273), solving gives η=20130.5Pa·s.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解特定温度下的粘度值，解答过程涉及对数运算和方程求解，属于典型的计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用粘度与温度关系的公式，进行多步计算和联立方程求解，涉及中等难度的数学运算和概念关联。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解粘度与温度的关系公式，并进行多步计算。题目要求解两个方程以确定常数A和B，然后代入新的温度值计算粘度。虽然计算步骤较多，但在选择题型中，正确选项提供了明确的解题路径，减少了推导的复杂性。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "20130.5Pa·s",
|
||
"choice_question": "A melt has a viscosity of 310Pa·s at 1300℃ and 10^7Pa·s at 800℃. What is its viscosity at 1050℃?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a definite numerical answer, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format. The correct answer can be presented as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供粘度与温度关系的具体公式（如Arrhenius方程或VFT方程），这使得学生无法直接应用公式进行计算。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉这些公式，但题目中未明确说明使用哪种关系，可能导致解题方向不明确。",
|
||
"missing_info": "粘度与温度关系的具体公式（如Arrhenius方程或VFT方程）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 143,
|
||
"question": "From the following two glaze formulas, determine the difference in surface tension between them? Explain the reason. Glaze formula 1: 0.2K2O 0.2Na2O 0.4CaO 0.2PbO 0.3Al2O3 2.1SiO2; Glaze formula 2: 0.2K2O 0.2MgO 0.6CaO 1.1Al2O3 10.0SiO2",
|
||
"answer": "(3) Difference in surface tension: The surface tension of glaze formula 1 < the surface tension of glaze formula 2, because the O/Si ratio of glaze formula 1 is less than that of glaze formula 2, and glaze formula 1 contains PbO and B2O3, which can reduce surface tension.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释两种釉料配方的表面张力差异，并说明原因。答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求比较两种釉配方的表面张力差异，并解释原因。这需要理解表面张力与釉组成（如O/Si比、PbO和B2O3的存在）之间的关系，涉及多步分析和概念关联。虽然不涉及复杂的计算，但需要对材料科学中的基本原理有较好的理解，并能综合应用这些知识来解答问题。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求考生计算两种釉料配方的O/Si比，并理解PbO和B2O3对表面张力的影响。虽然题目提供了具体配方，但需要考生具备一定的材料科学知识，能够进行多步计算和综合分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The surface tension of glaze formula 1 < the surface tension of glaze formula 2, because the O/Si ratio of glaze formula 1 is less than that of glaze formula 2, and glaze formula 1 contains PbO and B2O3, which can reduce surface tension.",
|
||
"choice_question": "From the following two glaze formulas, determine the difference in surface tension between them. Glaze formula 1: 0.2K2O 0.2Na2O 0.4CaO 0.2PbO 0.3Al2O3 2.1SiO2; Glaze formula 2: 0.2K2O 0.2MgO 0.6CaO 1.1Al2O3 10.0SiO2. Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference in surface tension and the reason?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific explanation that can be converted into a correct option for a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to ask for the correct statement about the difference in surface tension and the reason.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了B2O3在釉料配方1中的作用，但在给出的配方中并未列出B2O3的含量。这可能导致学生困惑，因为题目要求解释表面张力差异的原因时提到了B2O3，但实际配方中并未提供这一信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "釉料配方1中B2O3的具体含量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 145,
|
||
"question": "The working range of a certain type of glass is from $870^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$ ($\\\\eta=10^{6}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot{}}$) to $1300^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$ ($\\\\eta=10^{2.5}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\mathrm{{s}}}$). Estimate its annealing point ($\\\\eta=10^{12}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\Delta s}$)?",
|
||
"answer": "According to the formula: $\\\\mathfrak{H}=\\\\mathfrak{N}_{0}\\\\exp(\\\\frac{\\\\Delta\\\\mathcal{E}}{R T})$ \\n\\nAt $870^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$, $\\\\eta=10^{6}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\mathrm{{s}}}$, T=870+273=1143K, $10^{6}=1.57\\\\times10^{-7}\\\\exp[\\\\frac{280.16\\\\times1000}{1143\\\\times8.314}]$ (1) \\nAt $1300^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$, $\\\\eta=10^{2.5}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\mathrm{{s}}}$ (2) \\nBy solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously, we get: $\\\\mathfrak{V}_{0}=1.57\\\\times\\\\ensuremath{10^{-7}}\\\\mathrm{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\mathrm{s}$, $\\\\Delta E=280.16\\\\mathrm{kJ/mol}$ \\nWhen $\\\\eta=10^{12}\\\\mathrm{{Pa}\\\\cdot\\\\mathrm{{s}}}$, $10^{12}=1.57\\\\times10^{-7}\\\\exp[\\\\frac{280.16\\\\times1000}{(273+t)\\\\times8.314}]$ \\nSolving gives $t=505.15^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来估计玻璃的退火点，解答过程中涉及多个步骤的数学计算和方程求解。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用粘度-温度关系的公式进行多步计算，涉及对数运算和方程求解，同时需要理解粘度与温度之间的关系，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于高难度，题目涉及复杂的多步计算和多个变量的综合分析。需要理解并应用粘度与温度关系的公式，同时进行对数运算和方程求解。解题步骤包括：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "505.15°C",
|
||
"choice_question": "The working range of a certain type of glass is from $870^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ ($\\eta=10^{6}\\mathrm{{Pa}\\cdot{}}$) to $1300^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ ($\\eta=10^{2.5}\\mathrm{{Pa}\\cdot\\mathrm{{s}}}$). What is its annealing point ($\\eta=10^{12}\\mathrm{{Pa}\\cdot\\Delta s}$)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a definite numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了粘度-温度关系的公式，但没有明确给出具体的公式形式或相关参数（如活化能、预指数因子等），这使得解题者无法直接进行计算。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉常见的粘度-温度关系公式（如Arrhenius方程或VFT方程），但题目没有明确说明使用哪种模型，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的粘度-温度关系公式（如Arrhenius方程或VFT方程）及其参数（如活化能、预指数因子等）。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 150,
|
||
"question": "Compare which of the two types of glass has higher viscosity at high temperature?",
|
||
"answer": "V1>V2, Glass No.1 has higher viscosity at high temperature.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求比较两种玻璃在高温下的粘度，并给出具体结论，需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择或判断。答案也以文字形式呈现，说明具体哪种玻璃的粘度更高。 | 知识层次: 题目要求比较两种玻璃在高温下的粘度高低，需要对玻璃粘度的基本概念有理解，并能够应用相关知识进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂的计算或推理，但需要对材料性质有一定的理解和比较能力，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解玻璃粘度与高温性能的关系，并进行比较分析。题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项明确给出了比较结果，降低了部分分析难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Glass No.1 has higher viscosity at high temperature",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following types of glass has higher viscosity at high temperature?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original short answer question can be converted into a multiple-choice question by presenting the comparison as distinct options. The answer provides a clear comparison (V1>V2) and identifies the correct option (Glass No.1 has higher viscosity at high temperature).",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'两种类型'的玻璃，但没有明确说明具体是哪两种玻璃。这会让做题者无法进行有效的比较和分析。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的玻璃类型信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 189,
|
||
"question": "At $2080^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the surface tension of benzene is $0.0289\\mathrm{N/m}$, and its saturated vapor pressure is 10013Pa. If benzene is dispersed into small droplets with a radius of $10^{-6}\\mathrm{m}$ at $20\\mathrm{^\\circ C}$, calculate the additional pressure on the benzene droplets.",
|
||
"answer": "According to the formula △P=2y/r, the additional pressure can be calculated as △P=2×0.0289/10−6=5.78×104N",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算并应用公式（△P=2y/r）来求解额外的压力，答案也是具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查基本公式（△P=2y/r）的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，属于基础知识的直接运用。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目仅需要直接套用单一公式△P=2y/r进行计算，无需额外的概念理解或步骤组合。属于最基础的直接计算类型，符合等级1的难度标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "5.78×10^4 N",
|
||
"choice_question": "At $2080^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, the surface tension of benzene is $0.0289\\mathrm{N/m}$, and its saturated vapor pressure is 10013Pa. If benzene is dispersed into small droplets with a radius of $10^{-6}\\mathrm{m}$ at $20\\mathrm{^\\circ C}$, what is the additional pressure on the benzene droplets?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer, which can be presented as a correct option among multiple choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中给出的表面张力数据是在2080°C下的，但问题中要求计算的是在20°C下的额外压力。题目没有提供20°C时苯的表面张力数据，也没有说明是否可以假设表面张力不随温度变化。",
|
||
"missing_info": "20°C时苯的表面张力数据或是否可以假设表面张力不随温度变化。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 214,
|
||
"question": "According to Figure 5-13 and Table 5-2, the atomic densities on different crystallographic planes (110), (100), and (111) of a face-centered cubic lattice are different. Please answer, on which plane will the solid-gas surface energy be the lowest? Why?",
|
||
"answer": "According to the formula for surface energy $\\\\frac{\\\\underline{{L}}^{s}\\\\mathcal{E}_{\\\\underline{{\\\\bar{L}}}}}{N_{0}}[1-\\\\frac{n_{i}^{s}}{n_{i}^{\\\\delta}}]=(\\\\Delta\\\\zeta7)_{s,v}\\\\bullet\\\\underline{{\\\\zeta}}^{s}=\\\\gamma_{s o}^{0}$, where $\\\\gamma_{50}^{0}$ is the solid surface energy, $E_{L}$ is the lattice energy, $N_{0}$ is Avogadro's number, and $Z$ is the number of atoms per 1m² surface. $n_{i}^{\\\\delta}$ and $n_{i}^{s}$ represent the number of nearest neighbor atoms for the i-th atom in the bulk and on the surface, respectively. In a face-centered cubic crystal, $n_{i}^{\\\\delta}=12$; $n_{i}^{s}$ is 6 on the (111) plane, 4 on the (100) plane, and 2 on the (110) plane. Substituting these values into the formula gives $\\\\gamma_{s o(110)}^{0}=0.550\\\\frac{E_{z}}{N_{0}}(1-\\\\frac{2}{12})=0.46\\\\frac{E_{z}}{N_{0}}$,\\n$\\\\gamma_{s o(100)}^{0}=0.785\\\\frac{E_{L}}{N_{0}}(1-\\\\frac{4}{12})=0.53\\\\frac{E_{L}}{N_{0}}$,\\n$\\\\gamma_{s o(111)}^{0}=0.907\\\\frac{E_{z}}{N_{0}}(1-\\\\frac{6}{12})=0.45\\\\frac{E_{z}}{N_{0}}$.\\nThus: $\\\\gamma_{_{50(100)}}^{0}>\\\\gamma_{_{50(110)}}^{0}>\\\\gamma_{_{50(111)}}^{0}$.\\n\\nTherefore, the (111) close-packed plane has the lowest surface energy.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释为什么某个晶面的固气表面能最低，答案通过文字解释和公式推导进行了详细论述，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解表面能公式并应用，涉及多步计算和不同晶面的比较，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目要求考生理解表面能的计算公式，并能够正确代入不同晶面的参数进行计算。其次，需要考生掌握面心立方晶体中不同晶面的原子排列和配位数，这需要对晶体结构有深入的理解。最后，题目还要求考生能够通过计算结果比较不同晶面的表面能大小，得出正确的结论。这些步骤涉及多步计算、概念关联和综合分析，超出了基础选择题的难度，属于多角度分析论述的层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(111)",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to Figure 5-13 and Table 5-2, the atomic densities on different crystallographic planes (110), (100), and (111) of a face-centered cubic lattice are different. On which plane will the solid-gas surface energy be the lowest?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific crystallographic plane (111), which can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking which plane has the lowest surface energy.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Figure 5-13和Table 5-2，但没有提供这些图表的具体内容，这会让做题者无法直接参考这些图表来解答问题。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Figure 5-13和Table 5-2的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 226,
|
||
"question": "In the SiO2 phase diagram, identify two examples of irreversible polymorphic transformations",
|
||
"answer": "Irreversible polymorphic transformations: β-cristobalite←→β-quartz, V-tridymite←→β-quartz",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求识别并列举SiO2相图中的不可逆多晶型转变例子，答案需要文字解释和具体例子，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对SiO2相图中不可逆多晶转变的具体实例的记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识，不需要复杂的分析或推理过程。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目考察的是基础概念记忆（SiO2相图中的不可逆多晶转变），但需要考生准确记忆并区分多种SiO2变体之间的转变关系。相比单纯的定义记忆（等级1），这需要考生掌握更具体的分类知识。不过题目仅要求识别两个例子，不需要进行复杂的概念体系阐述（等级3），因此属于概念解释和描述级别的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "β-cristobalite←→β-quartz, V-tridymite←→β-quartz",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the SiO2 phase diagram, which of the following are examples of irreversible polymorphic transformations?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology and can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by listing possible polymorphic transformations as options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了SiO2相图中的不可逆多晶型转变例子，但没有提供具体的相图或相关背景信息，这可能会让考生在记忆不牢固的情况下感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的SiO2相图或相关背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 283,
|
||
"question": "If magnesium aluminate spinel is to be synthesized, the available raw materials are MgCO, Mg(OH)2, MgO, Al2O3·3H2O, γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3. From the perspective of increasing the reaction rate, which raw materials should be selected? Please explain the reason.",
|
||
"answer": "It is better to use MgCO3, Mg(OH)2, and Al2O3·3H2O as raw materials. This is because MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2 can undergo thermal decomposition during the reaction, and Al2O3·3H2O undergoes dehydration and crystal transformation, resulting in nascent or amorphous substances with larger specific surface areas and lattice defects, thereby enhancing the reaction activity and accelerating the solid-state reaction.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从多个原料中选择合适的组合，并解释原因。答案需要详细的文字解释和论述，说明选择特定原料的原因及其对反应速率的影响，这符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求从反应速率的角度选择原料，并解释原因。这需要综合运用材料科学中的热分解、晶体转变、反应活性等知识，分析不同原料在反应过程中的行为及其对反应速率的影响。涉及多步骤的推理和机理解释，属于较高层次的认知能力要求。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于最高难度等级。原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "MgCO3, Mg(OH)2, and Al2O3·3H2O",
|
||
"choice_question": "If magnesium aluminate spinel is to be synthesized, the available raw materials are MgCO, Mg(OH)2, MgO, Al2O3·3H2O, γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3. From the perspective of increasing the reaction rate, which raw materials should be selected?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific selection of raw materials from the given options, which can be directly used as the correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'MgCO'可能是笔误，应为'MgCO3'，这会导致学生在选择原料时产生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的原料化学式（如MgCO应为MgCO3）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 352,
|
||
"question": "(Taking the face-centered cubic unit cell as an example) What are the common parameters used to describe the characteristics of a crystal structure (unit cell)? What is the atomic radius of an FCC unit cell?",
|
||
"answer": "The atomic radius is √2a/4.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释常见的晶体结构参数，并给出FCC晶胞的原子半径，需要文字解释和论述，答案形式为简短的文字描述。 | 知识层次: 题目要求描述晶体结构（晶胞）的常见参数，并计算面心立方晶胞的原子半径。这需要应用基本的晶体学知识（如晶胞参数的定义）和简单的数学计算（如原子半径与晶格常数的关系公式）。虽然需要一定的理解，但主要是直接套用已知公式进行计算，属于简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需直接套用基本公式（FCC原子半径公式）进行计算。题目提供了明确的参数（a）和公式结构，解题步骤简单直接，无需复杂分析或概念比较。在选择题型内，此类直接应用公式的题目通常属于较低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "√2a/4",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the atomic radius of an FCC unit cell?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and well-defined value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了FCC晶胞的原子半径公式，但没有明确给出晶格常数a的值或相关上下文信息，使得计算无法进行。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数a的值或相关上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 363,
|
||
"question": "Describe which solution of the second law of diffusion is applied in this process?",
|
||
"answer": "The sinusoidal solution can describe the concentration distribution during diffusion.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求描述哪种扩散第二定律的解适用于该过程，答案提供了文字解释和论述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求描述扩散第二定律的特定解在某一过程中的应用，需要理解扩散定律的基本原理，并能够将正弦解与具体的浓度分布情况关联起来。这涉及到多步的概念关联和综合分析，而不仅仅是简单的记忆或直接套用公式。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解扩散第二定律的不同解及其应用场景，并能将正弦解与扩散过程中的浓度分布联系起来进行分析。虽然不涉及多步计算，但需要对概念进行关联和综合分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The sinusoidal solution can describe the concentration distribution during diffusion.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which solution of the second law of diffusion is applied in this process?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard concept or terminology, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'this process'，但没有明确说明具体是什么过程，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所指的应用场景。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的扩散过程描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 380,
|
||
"question": "There are two types of the most closely packed crystal structures: one is (1), with (2) atoms in each unit cell; the other is (3), with (4) atoms in each unit cell.",
|
||
"answer": "(1) ABC; (2) 4; (3) AB; (4) 2(or 6)",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求填写特定的术语和数值，需要学生对晶体结构类型和单位晶胞中的原子数量有准确的理解和记忆，属于简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对最紧密堆积晶体结构类型及其单位晶胞中原子数目的记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基本定义简答的难度等级。题目要求记忆两种最紧密堆积晶体结构的名称及其每个晶胞中的原子数量，这是材料科学中最基础的概念之一。正确选项直接对应记忆性知识，无需复杂分析或推理步骤。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "ABC; 4; AB; 2(or 6)",
|
||
"choice_question": "There are two types of the most closely packed crystal structures: one is (1), with (2) atoms in each unit cell; the other is (3), with (4) atoms in each unit cell. Which of the following combinations correctly fills in the blanks?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original short answer question can be converted into a multiple-choice question by providing options that include the correct combination of terms and numbers for the blanks. The correct answer is a standard terminology and concept, making it suitable for conversion.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'两种类型'的最紧密堆积晶体结构，但没有明确说明具体是哪两种类型，这可能导致学生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的两种最紧密堆积晶体结构的名称"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 424,
|
||
"question": "5. The two basic characteristics of martensitic transformation are (12)",
|
||
"answer": "Coherent shear",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释马氏体相变的基本特征，需要文字描述和论述，答案\"Coherent shear\"是一个简短的文字回答，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查马氏体相变的基本特征，属于基础概念的记忆和理解，不需要复杂的应用或分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅考察对马氏体相变基本特征的记忆，属于基础概念的直接回忆。正确选项\"Coherent shear\"是马氏体相变的典型特征之一，无需复杂推理或概念比较，符合等级1\"基本定义简答\"的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Coherent shear",
|
||
"choice_question": "The two basic characteristics of martensitic transformation are:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求解释马氏体相变的两个基本特征，但只提供了一个正确选项'Coherent shear'，缺少第二个基本特征的描述或选项。这可能导致学生困惑，不知道是否需要补充另一个特征或认为题目不完整。",
|
||
"missing_info": "第二个马氏体相变的基本特征"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 449,
|
||
"question": "At which temperature is the carburization cost lower for processing 500 gears to achieve the same depth?",
|
||
"answer": "The cost at 1000°C (4948.5 yuan) is lower than at 900°C (10000 yuan), so 1000°C is more cost-effective.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求比较两种温度下的成本，并选择更经济的选项，答案提供了具体的数值比较和结论，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算（比较不同温度下的成本）和综合分析（选择更经济的温度），需要将温度与成本关联起来进行判断，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及温度对成本的影响，需要进行多步计算和综合分析，但选项已经提供了明确的比较结果，减少了部分思考负担。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1000°C",
|
||
"choice_question": "At which temperature is the carburization cost lower for processing 500 gears to achieve the same depth?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific temperature value, which can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了比较两种温度下的成本，但没有提供具体的温度选项或成本数据，使得学生无法进行有效的比较和选择。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的温度选项或成本数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 499,
|
||
"question": "What are the Burgers vector and dislocation properties of the generated dislocation?",
|
||
"answer": "The Burgers vector of the generated dislocation $\\widehat{b}_{3}$ is $a/2~[110]$, which is a pure edge dislocation. The slip plane (001) is not the slip plane of the face-centered cubic structure, so it is a sessile dislocation.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释和描述Burgers矢量和位错性质，答案提供了详细的文字解释和论述，没有涉及选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求解释Burgers矢量和位错性质，涉及位错类型和滑移面的分析，需要将多个概念关联起来进行综合判断，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。题目要求考生不仅要掌握Burgers矢量和位错性质的基本概念，还需要理解面心立方结构中的滑移面特性，并能综合分析位错类型（纯刃型位错）与滑移面的匹配关系。解题过程涉及多步概念关联和结构分析，超出了简单记忆或单一概念应用的范畴，属于需要多角度分析论述的中等应用层次题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The Burgers vector of the generated dislocation $\\widehat{b}_{3}$ is $a/2~[110]$, which is a pure edge dislocation. The slip plane (001) is not the slip plane of the face-centered cubic structure, so it is a sessile dislocation.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the Burgers vector and dislocation properties of the generated dislocation?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of the Burgers vector and dislocation properties, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'generated dislocation'，但没有明确说明具体是如何生成的或上下文背景，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所指的位错。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少关于'generated dislocation'的具体生成方式或上下文背景信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 527,
|
||
"question": "2. The symmetry elements of the internal structure of a crystal are (3), (4), and (5) in addition to c, Pλ, Ln, and Lin.",
|
||
"answer": "(3) Translation axis; (4) Glide plane; (5) Screw axis",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释晶体内部结构的对称元素，答案需要文字描述和论述，而不是从选项中选择或进行数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查晶体内部结构对称元素的基本概念记忆，包括平移轴、滑移面和螺旋轴等基础定义和分类，属于基础概念记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆，但需要考生准确识别并匹配晶体内部结构的对称元素（如平移轴、滑移面和螺旋轴）的具体名称。这要求考生不仅记住这些定义，还需要理解它们的分类和基本原理，而不仅仅是简单的定义复述。因此，相较于仅需基本定义简答的等级1题目，该题的难度稍高，属于等级2。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Translation axis; Glide plane; Screw axis",
|
||
"choice_question": "The symmetry elements of the internal structure of a crystal are (3), (4), and (5) in addition to c, Pλ, Ln, and Lin. Which of the following correctly identifies (3), (4), and (5)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is standard terminology and can be presented as a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到(3), (4), and (5)作为对称元素，但没有明确说明这些数字代表的具体对称元素是什么，导致指代不明确。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少对(3), (4), and (5)具体对称元素的明确说明。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 545,
|
||
"question": "Li Sheng",
|
||
"answer": "Li Sheng: The uniform shear process in which one part of a crystal moves relative to another along specific crystallographic planes and directions under the action of shear stress.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求对\"Li Sheng\"进行解释和论述，答案提供了详细的文字描述，符合简答题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目考查对Li Sheng（李生）这一基本概念的定义记忆和理解，属于材料科学中晶体变形的基础知识，不涉及复杂应用或分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求记忆Li Sheng的定义，属于基础概念记忆层次。题目直接给出了正确选项的定义，无需进行复杂的分析或推理，仅需识别和匹配定义即可。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The uniform shear process in which one part of a crystal moves relative to another along specific crystallographic planes and directions under the action of shear stress.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following best describes Li Sheng?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard definition or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by asking for the correct description among several options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'Li Sheng'没有明确的定义或背景信息，对于不熟悉中文术语的材料科学硕士研究生可能会感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少对'Li Sheng'这一术语的英文解释或背景说明。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 572,
|
||
"question": "In a face-centered cubic crystal, indicate which types of dislocations b1, b2, and b3 belong to respectively",
|
||
"answer": "b1 is a perfect dislocation, b2 is a Shockley partial dislocation, and b3 is a Frank partial dislocation.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求对不同类型的位错进行分类和说明，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。答案也是以文字描述的形式给出，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求识别不同类型的位错（完美位错、Shockley部分位错、Frank部分位错），这需要理解位错的基本概念及其在面心立方晶体中的具体表现。虽然涉及基础概念，但需要将多个知识点关联起来进行综合分析，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度，因为它要求考生不仅掌握面心立方晶体中不同类型位错的基本概念，还需要能够区分完美位错、肖克利部分位错和弗兰克部分位错的特征。此外，题目涉及多步分析和概念关联，需要考生具备较强的综合分析能力。在选择题型内，这种需要深度理解和多角度分析的题目相对较少，因此难度较高。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "b1 is a perfect dislocation, b2 is a Shockley partial dislocation, and b3 is a Frank partial dislocation",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a face-centered cubic crystal, indicate which types of dislocations b1, b2, and b3 belong to respectively:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "简答题的答案是标准术语或概念，可以转换为单选题格式。题目可以改写为适合选择的形式，正确选项是原答案。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的位错b1, b2, b3没有给出具体的定义或描述，考生无法直接判断这些位错属于哪种类型。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少对b1, b2, b3的具体定义或描述，例如它们的柏氏矢量或其他特征信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 686,
|
||
"question": "Amorphous silicon prepared by CVD method also possesses the four general characteristics of glass",
|
||
"answer": "×",
|
||
"question_type": "true_false",
|
||
"question_type_name": "判断题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目给出一个陈述（\"Amorphous silicon prepared by CVD method also possesses the four general characteristics of glass\"），并要求判断其正误（答案给出\"×\"表示错误），这符合判断题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对非晶硅和玻璃基本特性的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 该题目属于基础概念正误判断题，仅需要考生记忆无定形硅的基本特性即可作答。在选择题型中，这类直接考察定义和分类的记忆性知识题目属于最简单的难度等级，不需要复杂的理解或分析过程。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "×",
|
||
"choice_question": "Amorphous silicon prepared by CVD method also possesses the four general characteristics of glass",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "判断题可以转换为正确/错误的单选题格式",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'four general characteristics of glass'，但没有具体说明是哪四个特性，这可能会让不熟悉玻璃特性的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "玻璃的四个一般特性"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 795,
|
||
"question": "Explain what type of solid solution compound ME2Si belongs to",
|
||
"answer": "ME2Si is an intermetallic compound",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释ME2Si属于哪种固溶体化合物，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算 | 知识层次: 题目考查对固体溶液类型的基本概念记忆和理解，特别是对金属间化合物的识别和分类。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求识别ME2Si属于哪种类型的固溶体化合物，属于基础概念记忆层次。正确选项直接给出了明确的分类（金属间化合物），无需复杂的推理或分析过程，因此属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "ME2Si is an intermetallic compound",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the type of solid solution compound ME2Si belongs to?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology (intermetallic compound), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'ME2Si'，但没有明确说明ME2Si的具体组成或背景信息，这可能会让不熟悉该化合物的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "ME2Si的具体组成或背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 804,
|
||
"question": "If it is an edge dislocation, determine the crystallographic plane indices of the half-atom plane and the crystallographic direction indices of the insertion direction.",
|
||
"answer": "The crystallographic plane indices of the half-atom plane are (110).",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定刃位错的半原子面的晶面指数和插入方向的晶向指数，需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对边缘位错基本概念的记忆和理解，包括半原子面的晶面指数和插入方向的晶向指数，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆（边缘位错的半原子面晶面指数），但需要考生准确记忆和理解(110)晶面指数这一特定知识点。相比单纯的定义简答（等级1），该题目要求考生能够将理论知识与具体位错类型对应起来，属于概念解释和描述层面的难度。题目不需要复杂的推导或比较分析，但比纯粹的记忆定义要稍难一些。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(110)",
|
||
"choice_question": "If it is an edge dislocation, what are the crystallographic plane indices of the half-atom plane?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard crystallographic plane index, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目仅询问半原子面的晶面指数，但原始题目中还涉及插入方向的晶向指数。转换后的题目缺少了插入方向的相关信息，可能导致考生对题目完整性的困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "插入方向的晶向指数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 819,
|
||
"question": "What is the Kirkendall effect in the process of alloy diffusion?",
|
||
"answer": "Kirkendall effect: As shown in Figure 1-4, a very thin molybdenum wire is applied as a marker on an FCC-structured α-brass (Cu+30%Zn) rod, and then copper is plated on the brass, enclosing the molybdenum wire between the brass and copper. Diffusion is carried out at a certain temperature. The molybdenum wire serves only as a marker and does not participate in the diffusion throughout the experiment. The diffusing components are copper and zinc, which form a substitutional solid solution. In the diffusion process of the substitutional solid solution, the markers placed at the original interface move towards the direction of the low-melting-point element, and the displacement distance exhibits a parabolic relationship with time. The reason for this phenomenon is that the low-melting-point component diffuses faster, while the high-melting-point component diffuses slower. This unequal atomic exchange results in the Kirkendall effect.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求对Kirkendall效应进行详细的文字解释和论述，答案提供了详细的描述和解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目不仅要求解释Kirkendall效应的定义，还需要详细描述实验现象、扩散机制以及不同元素扩散速率的差异导致的标记移动。这涉及到对扩散过程的深入理解、机理分析和综合推理，属于复杂分析层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目不仅要求考生掌握Kirkendall效应的基本概念，还需要深入理解扩散过程中的原子交换机制、熔点与扩散速率的关系，以及标记物移动的动力学行为。此外，题目涉及复杂的实验设计和现象解释，要求考生能够综合运用材料科学知识进行推理分析。这种深度和广度的知识要求，在选择题型中属于最复杂的层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Kirkendall effect: As shown in Figure 1-4, a very thin molybdenum wire is applied as a marker on an FCC-structured α-brass (Cu+30%Zn) rod, and then copper is plated on the brass, enclosing the molybdenum wire between the brass and copper. Diffusion is carried out at a certain temperature. The molybdenum wire serves only as a marker and does not participate in the diffusion throughout the experiment. The diffusing components are copper and zinc, which form a substitutional solid solution. In the diffusion process of the substitutional solid solution, the markers placed at the original interface move towards the direction of the low-melting-point element, and the displacement distance exhibits a parabolic relationship with time. The reason for this phenomenon is that the low-melting-point component diffuses faster, while the high-melting-point component diffuses slower. This unequal atomic exchange results in the Kirkendall effect.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the Kirkendall effect in the process of alloy diffusion?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of the Kirkendall effect, which can be used as the correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by presenting the answer as one of several options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'As shown in Figure 1-4'，但没有提供该图表，这会让做题者无法直观理解实验设置和标记物的位置。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Figure 1-4"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 834,
|
||
"question": "Indicate the fourth main mechanism of alloy strengthening and explain the reason for its strengthening",
|
||
"answer": "Order strengthening. The dislocations in ordered alloys are superdislocations. To cause plastic deformation in the metal, both partial dislocations of the superdislocation need to move simultaneously, thus requiring greater external stress. The bonding force between dissimilar element atoms is stronger than that between similar element atoms, so the ordered arrangement of dissimilar atoms gives ordered alloys higher strength.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释合金强化的第四种主要机制及其强化原因，需要详细的文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。答案提供了详细的解释和论述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求解释合金强化的第四种主要机制（有序强化）及其强化原因，涉及对超位错、塑性变形机制以及原子间结合力的深入理解和综合分析。需要将多个概念关联起来，并进行机理层面的解释，思维深度要求较高。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Order strengthening",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following is the fourth main mechanism of alloy strengthening?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (Order strengthening) which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求选择合金强化的第四种主要机制，但没有提供前三种机制的信息，这可能导致学生无法准确判断第四种机制。虽然材料科学专业学生应该掌握这些知识点，但题目本身没有提供足够的上下文来确认第四种机制的位置。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前三种合金强化机制的信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 861,
|
||
"question": "Stretch the aluminum (Al) single crystal along the [123] direction to induce plastic deformation, determine the final orientation of the crystal.",
|
||
"answer": "The final orientation of the crystal is F2, namely [112].",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过分析和解释来确定铝单晶在拉伸后的最终取向，答案需要文字描述和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解晶体塑性变形的机制，并应用晶体学知识确定变形后的取向。这涉及到多步分析和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。该题目要求考生掌握晶体塑性变形的基本原理，并能将[123]方向的拉伸与最终的晶体取向[112]联系起来。解题过程中需要应用晶体学知识，进行多步计算和综合分析，但题目提供了正确选项，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "[112]",
|
||
"choice_question": "Stretch the aluminum (Al) single crystal along the [123] direction to induce plastic deformation, determine the final orientation of the crystal.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (orientation), which can be presented as a single choice option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于塑性变形机制的具体信息，如滑移系统的选择、变形条件（如温度、应变速率）等，这些信息对于确定最终晶体取向是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "滑移系统的选择、变形条件（如温度、应变速率）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 951,
|
||
"question": "List the third method to increase the number of nuclei during solidification, and briefly analyze the reason for the increase in the number of nuclei.",
|
||
"answer": "Mechanical or electromagnetic stirring. Breaking dendrites to increase the number of nuclei or enhancing thermal activation energy drop, which improves the nucleation rate.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求列出第三种增加凝固过程中晶核数量的方法，并简要分析晶核数量增加的原因。这需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目不仅要求列出增加晶核数量的第三种方法（基础记忆），还需要简要分析晶核数量增加的原因（概念关联和综合分析）。这涉及到对凝固过程中机械或电磁搅拌作用的理解，以及其对枝晶断裂和热激活能下降的影响，需要中等程度的认知能力和知识点的关联分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行综合分析。题目要求考生不仅知道增加晶核数量的第三种方法（机械或电磁搅拌），还需要简要分析其原理（通过破碎枝晶增加晶核数量或通过增强热激活能下降提高形核率）。这涉及到对凝固过程中形核机制的理解和具体应用方法的掌握，属于中等应用层次的知识要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Mechanical or electromagnetic stirring",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following is the third method to increase the number of nuclei during solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'third method'，但没有明确说明前两种方法是什么，这会让做题者感到困惑，因为他们无法确定'third method'是相对于哪些方法而言的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前两种增加凝固过程中晶核数量的方法"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1009,
|
||
"question": "What are the common characteristics of the two major types of ceramic crystalline phases?",
|
||
"answer": "(1) The bonding is primarily ionic, with a certain proportion of covalent bonding; (2) They have a definite composition that can be expressed by an exact chemical formula; (3) They exhibit typical non-metallic properties.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释和论述陶瓷晶相的常见特征，答案以文字形式列出多个要点，符合简答题的特点。 | 知识层次: 题目考查陶瓷晶体相的基本特征，属于基础概念的记忆和理解，不需要复杂的应用或分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及陶瓷晶体相的基本特性，但正确选项涵盖了多个关键点（离子键与共价键比例、确定化学式、非金属性质），需要考生对基础概念有一定的理解和记忆。不过，这些知识点属于材料科学中的基础内容，且选项之间没有复杂的逻辑关系或需要深入分析，因此难度等级为2。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(1) The bonding is primarily ionic, with a certain proportion of covalent bonding; (2) They have a definite composition that can be expressed by an exact chemical formula; (3) They exhibit typical non-metallic properties.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following are the common characteristics of the two major types of ceramic crystalline phases?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard list of characteristics, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'两种主要类型的陶瓷晶相'，但没有明确说明具体是哪两种类型。这可能会让不熟悉陶瓷晶相分类的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的两种主要陶瓷晶相类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1025,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the multiple of change in the diffusion coefficient when the temperature increases from 927°C to 1027°C.",
|
||
"answer": "Multiple of change = D1027°C / D927°C = (4.788×10^(-11)) / (1.663×10^(-11)) ≈ 2.88 times",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算扩散系数的变化倍数），并给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式应用和简单计算，仅需套用扩散系数与温度的关系公式进行计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用扩散系数随温度变化的公式并进行简单的除法计算。题目提供了具体的数值，无需额外的推导或复杂的步骤，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.88 times",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the multiple of change in the diffusion coefficient when the temperature increases from 927°C to 1027°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format with the correct option being the calculated result.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算扩散系数的变化倍数，但没有提供扩散系数与温度关系的具体公式或必要的参数（如活化能Q或常数D0）。这些信息对于材料科学硕士研究生虽然是基础知识，但题目中未明确给出，可能导致解题困难。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散系数与温度关系的具体公式（如阿伦尼乌斯方程）或必要的参数（如活化能Q或常数D0）。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1053,
|
||
"question": "If the aforementioned alloy undergoes directional solidification in a 100cm long horizontal round mold, assuming no diffusion in the solid phase during solidification and complete mixing of the liquid composition, and the lines in the phase diagram can be simplified as straight lines, calculate the length of the ledeburite structure at the end of solidification. It is known that the length of the δ phase is 28.75cm, the length of the γ phase is 70.08cm, and the total length is 100cm.",
|
||
"answer": "The length of the ledeburite structure is: (100-28.75-70.08)cm=1.17cm.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算，并给出了具体的计算步骤和最终数值结果。解答过程涉及公式应用和逻辑推理，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本的数值计算和简单的公式应用，无需多步计算或复杂的概念关联。解题过程直接套用已知数据，进行简单的减法运算即可得出结果。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要简单的减法计算，直接套用已知数据即可得出答案。无需复杂的公式应用或多步骤推理，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.17cm",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the aforementioned alloy undergoes directional solidification in a 100cm long horizontal round mold, assuming no diffusion in the solid phase during solidification and complete mixing of the liquid composition, and the lines in the phase diagram can be simplified as straight lines, calculate the length of the ledeburite structure at the end of solidification. It is known that the length of the δ phase is 28.75cm, the length of the γ phase is 70.08cm, and the total length is 100cm. The length of the ledeburite structure is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a definite numerical answer, making it convertible to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'ledeburite structure'的长度计算，但没有提供关于ledeburite结构的形成条件或其在相图中的具体位置的信息。虽然题目给出了δ相和γ相的长度，但缺乏关于ledeburite结构如何与这些相相关的明确说明。",
|
||
"missing_info": "关于ledeburite结构在相图中的具体位置或形成条件的信息，以及它与δ相和γ相的关系。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1068,
|
||
"question": "Describe the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the HJB horizontal line in the phase diagram",
|
||
"answer": "The HJB horizontal line undergoes a peritectic reaction: L_B + δ_H ⇌ γ_J; product: austenite (A)",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物和反应条件，需要文字解释和论述，答案也是以文字形式给出详细解释 | 知识层次: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物和反应条件，涉及多个概念的综合应用和关联分析，需要理解相图的基本原理并能够解释具体的相变反应，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求考生掌握相图中的水平线HJB所代表的包晶反应过程、产物及反应条件，涉及液相L_B、δ_H和γ_J之间的转化关系，以及最终产物奥氏体（A）的形成。这需要考生具备对相图的基本理解、反应类型的识别能力以及产物性质的掌握，属于中等应用层次的知识要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The HJB horizontal line undergoes a peritectic reaction: L_B + δ_H ⇌ γ_J; product: austenite (A)",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following describes the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the HJB horizontal line in the phase diagram?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of a specific phase transformation process, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'HJB horizontal line in the phase diagram'，但没有提供相应的相图或具体说明HJB线的位置和特征，这会让不熟悉该相图的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少相关的相图或对HJB水平线的具体描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1071,
|
||
"question": "Describe the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the ECF line in the phase diagram",
|
||
"answer": "The ECF line undergoes a eutectic reaction: L_C ⇌ γ_E + Fe3C; the product is: ledeburite (Ld)",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物和反应条件，需要文字解释和论述，答案也是以文字形式给出具体反应和产物，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物及反应条件，涉及相图中ECF线的共晶反应，需要理解相图的基本原理并能够关联不同概念（如相变过程、产物组成等），属于中等应用层次。虽然涉及基础概念，但需要一定的综合分析能力来阐述反应条件和产物。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解相图中的ECF线、共晶反应、产物莱氏体等多个概念，并进行综合分析。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但需要考生具备将相图知识与反应条件、产物关联起来的能力，属于中等应用层次的知识要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The ECF line undergoes a eutectic reaction: L_C ⇌ γ_E + Fe3C; the product is: ledeburite (Ld)",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the ECF line in the phase diagram?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of a specific phase transformation process, which can be presented as one of several options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'ECF line in the phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的相图或相关背景信息，这会让不熟悉特定相图的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的相图或关于ECF线的详细描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1072,
|
||
"question": "Describe the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the PSK line in the phase diagram",
|
||
"answer": "The PSK line undergoes a eutectoid reaction: γ_S ⇌ α_P + Fe3C; product: pearlite (P)",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物和反应条件，需要文字解释和论述，答案也是以文字形式给出详细解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求描述相变过程、产物及反应条件，涉及相图中PSK线的共析反应，需要理解相图的基本原理并能够关联不同概念（γ相、α相、Fe3C、珠光体）进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂计算，但需要对相变过程有较深入的理解和中等程度的综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解相图中的PSK线、共析反应、产物珠光体等多个概念，并能将这些概念关联起来进行综合分析。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但学生仍需掌握相图的基本知识和反应过程才能正确选择。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The PSK line undergoes a eutectoid reaction: γ_S ⇌ α_P + Fe3C; product: pearlite (P)",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the phase transformation process, products, and reaction conditions along the PSK line in the phase diagram?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of a specific phase transformation process, which can be presented as one of several options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'PSK line in the phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的相图或相关背景信息，这可能会让不熟悉该相图的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的相图或PSK线的详细描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1146,
|
||
"question": "The symbol for diffusion flux is (25), indicating that diffusion proceeds from high concentration to low concentration.",
|
||
"answer": "(25) negative sign",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求填写一个符号（negative sign）来解释扩散通量的符号意义，这需要学生对概念的理解并用简短的文字回答，而不是从选项中选择或进行判断/计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对扩散通量符号及其物理意义的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识 | 难度: 在选择题型中，此题仅要求记忆扩散通量的符号及其物理意义，属于最基础的定义性知识。题目直接给出概念定义，无需解释或分析过程，解题步骤非常简单，符合等级1\"基本定义简答\"的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "negative sign",
|
||
"choice_question": "The symbol for diffusion flux is (25), indicating that diffusion proceeds from high concentration to low concentration. Which of the following is the correct symbol?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (negative sign), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到扩散通量的符号是(25)，但没有明确说明(25)代表什么，这可能导致学生困惑。虽然扩散通量的符号及其物理意义是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的知识点，但题目中直接使用(25)作为符号的占位符，缺乏明确的符号表示，可能会影响学生对题目的理解。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散通量的具体符号表示（如J或D等），而不是使用(25)这样的占位符。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1148,
|
||
"question": "What is the conceptual difference in recrystallization?",
|
||
"answer": "Recrystallization refers to the transformation of a substance from one structure to another in the solid state, which is a solid-state phase transition process.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求对概念进行解释和论述，答案提供了详细的文字解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对再结晶这一基本概念的定义和简单解释，属于基础概念的记忆和理解层面，不涉及复杂分析或综合应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，题目要求考生理解并描述再结晶的概念差异，涉及对固态相变过程的基本原理的记忆和解释，但不需要复杂的分析或比较多个概念体系。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Recrystallization refers to the transformation of a substance from one structure to another in the solid state, which is a solid-state phase transition process.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the conceptual difference in recrystallization?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard definition or concept, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'conceptual difference'没有明确说明是与什么进行比较，导致考生可能不清楚具体需要解释哪方面的差异。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少明确的比较对象或上下文，说明是与什么进行比较的再结晶概念差异。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1149,
|
||
"question": "What is the conceptual difference in crystallization?",
|
||
"answer": "Crystallization—The process by which a metal transitions from a liquid to a solid state is called solidification, and since the solid metal is a crystal, solidification is also referred to as crystallization.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释结晶的概念差异，答案提供了详细的文字解释和论述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查基本概念的记忆和理解，即结晶化的定义和基本原理，属于基础概念记忆层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求记忆基础概念的定义，即结晶与凝固的关系。题目直接给出了明确的定义描述，不需要进行额外的解释或复杂的概念分析。因此，在选择题型内属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Crystallization—The process by which a metal transitions from a liquid to a solid state is called solidification, and since the solid metal is a crystal, solidification is also referred to as crystallization.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the conceptual difference in crystallization?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard definition or concept, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'conceptual difference in crystallization'，但没有明确说明具体是哪两种概念或类型的结晶进行比较。这可能导致学生不清楚题目具体在问什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的结晶概念或类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1168,
|
||
"question": "A cylindrical face-centered cubic single crystal with a diameter of 1mm has its tensile axis aligned with the [001] direction of the crystal. If the tensile force at yield is 0.5N, what is the resolved shear stress on the slip system?",
|
||
"answer": "Ω=cosλcosφ=√2/2×1/√3=√6/6 τ=P/AΩ=0.5/π(1/2)^2×√6/6MPa=0.26MPa",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解剪切应力，答案中包含了具体的计算步骤和数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要多步计算和概念关联，包括晶体取向、滑移系统的确定、分切应力的计算等，涉及多个知识点的综合应用，但不需要复杂的推理分析或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解晶体学方向、剪切应力计算、多步骤数学运算等概念，并进行综合分析。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个计算步骤和概念关联，对学生的知识掌握和计算能力要求较高。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.26MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "A cylindrical face-centered cubic single crystal with a diameter of 1mm has its tensile axis aligned with the [001] direction of the crystal. If the tensile force at yield is 0.5N, what is the resolved shear stress on the slip system?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未明确说明滑移系统的具体方向或滑移面，这是计算分切应力所必需的信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道常见的滑移系统，但题目中未提供具体信息可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "滑移系统的具体方向或滑移面"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1199,
|
||
"question": "What other motion can an edge dislocation undergo?",
|
||
"answer": "Climb",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求回答一个特定的概念或现象（edge dislocation的运动方式），答案是一个简短的术语（Climb），不需要计算或从多个选项中选择，属于简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对位错运动类型的基础概念记忆，特别是边缘位错的攀移运动，属于基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求考生记忆并识别边缘位错（edge dislocation）的另一种运动方式——攀移（climb）。这属于基础概念记忆层次，无需解释或分析，只需从选项中选出正确术语。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级（等级1）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Climb",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following motions can an edge dislocation undergo?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (Climb) which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'other motion'，但没有明确说明之前提到的运动方式是什么，这可能导致学生不清楚需要补充的运动方式是基于哪种已知运动。",
|
||
"missing_info": "之前提到的运动方式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1231,
|
||
"question": "Steel with a carbon content below the composition of point $S$ in the Fe-C phase diagram cannot obtain a completely pearlitic structure under any composition or condition.",
|
||
"answer": "~\\\\times~",
|
||
"question_type": "true_false",
|
||
"question_type_name": "判断题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目给出一个陈述（Steel with a carbon content below the composition of point $S$ in the Fe-C phase diagram cannot obtain a completely pearlitic structure under any composition or condition），并要求判断其正确性（答案用~\\\\times~表示错误）。这符合判断题的特征，即判断陈述的对错。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解Fe-C相图中点S的含义，并能够分析不同碳含量下钢的组织转变能力，涉及相图知识的应用和综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要综合分析Fe-C相图中关键点S的含义，理解珠光体形成的条件限制，并判断不同碳含量下的相变可能性。题目涉及多步概念关联和相图分析能力，要求考生在选择题框架内进行复杂的结果判断。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "~\\\\times~",
|
||
"choice_question": "Steel with a carbon content below the composition of point $S$ in the Fe-C phase diagram cannot obtain a completely pearlitic structure under any composition or condition.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "判断题可以转换为正确/错误的单选题格式",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'point $S$ in the Fe-C phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的Fe-C相图或点S的明确位置信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Fe-C相图，但点S的具体位置可能因不同的相图版本或教材而有所不同，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Fe-C相图或点S的具体位置信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1242,
|
||
"question": "What does a decrease in 'r' imply about the nucleation rate?",
|
||
"answer": "Increase",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释\"r\"减小对形核速率的影响，需要文字说明其关系，答案\"increase\"是对问题的简要回答而非选择或判断 | 知识层次: 题目考查对成核速率与参数'r'关系的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及基础概念记忆，即对'nucleation rate'与'r'关系的定义性知识。正确选项直接对应基本定义，无需复杂推理或概念整合，属于最简单的记忆性题目类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Increase",
|
||
"choice_question": "What does a decrease in 'r' imply about the nucleation rate?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term that can be presented as a single correct option among others.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中的'r'没有明确说明其具体含义，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所问的内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "参数'r'的具体定义或其在形核速率中的角色"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1277,
|
||
"question": "During the crystallization process of solid solution alloys, in what process does the composition fluctuation during nucleation occur?",
|
||
"answer": "Variable temperature",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要解释和论述结晶过程中成分波动的发生过程，答案形式为文字解释而非选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及固溶体合金结晶过程中的成分波动现象，需要理解成核过程中的热力学和动力学机制，并能够分析温度变化对成分波动的影响。这需要综合运用材料科学中的相变理论、热力学和动力学知识，进行推理和机理解释，属于较高层次的认知要求。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于最高难度等级。原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Variable temperature",
|
||
"choice_question": "During the crystallization process of solid solution alloys, in what process does the composition fluctuation during nucleation occur?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Variable temperature'作为正确选项，但未提供任何关于温度变化如何影响成分波动的背景信息或解释。这使得学生难以理解为什么'Variable temperature'是正确的，尤其是在没有上下文或进一步说明的情况下。",
|
||
"missing_info": "关于温度变化如何具体影响固溶体合金结晶过程中成分波动的解释或背景信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1279,
|
||
"question": "During the crystallization process of a solid solution alloy, what kind of diffusion is always accompanied?",
|
||
"answer": "Heterogeneous atoms (solute atoms)",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释在固溶体合金结晶过程中伴随的扩散类型，答案需要文字解释和论述，而非选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查的是对固体溶液合金结晶过程中扩散类型的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，此题属于基础概念记忆类题目，仅需回忆\"固溶体合金结晶过程中伴随何种扩散\"这一基本定义即可作答。正确选项直接对应教材中的基础知识点，不需要任何解释或分析过程，属于最简单的记忆性题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Heterogeneous atoms (solute atoms)",
|
||
"choice_question": "During the crystallization process of a solid solution alloy, what kind of diffusion is always accompanied?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by presenting it as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'固溶体合金结晶过程中伴随的扩散类型'，但没有提供具体的扩散类型选项或进一步的背景信息，这可能会让做题者感到困惑，不知道应该从哪些方面来回答。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的扩散类型选项或进一步的背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1284,
|
||
"question": "According to the phase rule, when the degrees of freedom in a ternary system are zero, it is represented on the phase diagram as",
|
||
"answer": "plane",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，虽然题目中没有明确给出选项，但答案\"plane\"暗示这是一个选择题的答案选项之一 | 知识层次: 题目考查对相律基础概念的记忆和理解，涉及自由度为零时在三元相图中的表示方式，属于基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆，仅需直接回忆相律在多元系统中的自由度与相图表示的关系。题目明确给出了正确选项，无需复杂辨析或深度理解，属于最简单的概念识别类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "plane",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the phase rule, when the degrees of freedom in a ternary system are zero, it is represented on the phase diagram as",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer is a standard term, making it suitable for conversion to a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少选项信息，虽然题目暗示这是一个选择题，但没有提供具体的选项供选择。这会让做题者不确定应该选择哪个选项，或者不确定是否有其他可能的表示方式。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1309,
|
||
"question": "A decrease in $r^{}$ means the number of nucleation sites (4).",
|
||
"answer": "increases",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求填写一个单词（increases）来回答问题，属于简短的文字回答形式，不需要计算或选择选项 | 知识层次: 题目考查的是对成核位点与半径关系的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念层次 | 难度: 在选择题型中，此题仅涉及基础概念记忆，即对\"$r^{}$\"与成核位点数量关系的定义性知识。题目仅要求识别正确选项\"increases\"，无需解释或分析过程，属于最基础的定义简答层级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "increases",
|
||
"choice_question": "A decrease in $r^{}$ means the number of nucleation sites:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term and can be converted into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中的'$r^{}$'没有明确说明其具体含义或指代对象，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所问的内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "'$r^{}$'的具体定义或指代对象"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1326,
|
||
"question": "Explain the source and morphological characteristics of Fe3CI",
|
||
"answer": "Fe3CI: originates from the liquid phase, appearing as white elongated strips.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释Fe3CI的来源和形态特征，需要文字解释和论述，答案也以文字形式呈现，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对Fe3CI的来源和形态特征的基本记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目要求考生不仅记忆Fe3CI的来源（液相），还需要描述其形态特征（白色细长条状）。这属于概念解释和描述的层次，比单纯的定义记忆（等级1）要求更高，但不需要进行复杂的概念体系阐述（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "originates from the liquid phase, appearing as white elongated strips",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following describes the source and morphological characteristics of Fe3CI?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description that can be converted into a correct option for a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Fe3CI'，但没有提供任何背景信息或上下文说明Fe3CI是什么，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所指的具体物质。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Fe3CI的定义或背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1389,
|
||
"question": "Using dislocation theory, what is the third reason for the work hardening of pure metal single crystals?",
|
||
"answer": "Dislocation multiplication occurs, and the increase in dislocation density further enhances the resistance to dislocation motion",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求使用位错理论解释纯金属单晶加工硬化的第三个原因，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求运用位错理论解释纯金属单晶加工硬化的第三个原因，涉及位错增殖和位错密度增加对位错运动阻力的影响。这需要深入理解位错理论，并能将理论知识与实际现象（加工硬化）进行关联和解释，属于机理层面的分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目要求考生不仅掌握位错理论的基本概念，还需要深入理解金属单晶加工硬化的复杂机理。正确选项涉及位错增殖和密度增加对位错运动阻力的影响，这需要考生具备综合运用知识、进行推理分析和机理解释的能力。这种题目在选择题中属于对知识深度和综合分析能力要求极高的类型，因此评为等级5。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Dislocation multiplication occurs, and the increase in dislocation density further enhances the resistance to dislocation motion",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using dislocation theory, which of the following is the third reason for the work hardening of pure metal single crystals?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard explanation that can be presented as one of several options in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求使用位错理论解释纯金属单晶加工硬化的第三个原因，但没有提供前两个原因的背景信息。这可能导致学生无法准确理解‘第三个原因’的具体上下文。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前两个加工硬化原因的背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1494,
|
||
"question": "A single crystal (BCC) with a rod axis [213] is stretched along the direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, determine the initial slip system.",
|
||
"answer": "The single crystal has a BCC structure, and [213] lies within the orientation triangle [001]~[1¯11]~[101]. Therefore, the initial slip system is (011)[111].",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来确定初始滑移系统，答案提供了详细的解释和结论，而不是简单的选择或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解BCC晶体结构、滑移面和滑移方向的概念，并能将给定的晶向[213]定位在标准三角形中，进而确定初始滑移系统。这涉及到多步分析和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要综合运用晶体结构、滑移系统、取向三角形等多方面知识，并进行多步计算和概念关联分析。题目要求考生不仅要掌握BCC结构的滑移系统特性，还需要能够确定特定晶向在取向三角形中的位置，并据此推导初始滑移系统。这种综合分析能力在选择题型中属于较高要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(011)[111]",
|
||
"choice_question": "A single crystal (BCC) with a rod axis [213] is stretched along the direction to undergo plastic deformation. Given that the slip plane of the single crystal is {110}, which of the following is the initial slip system?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (slip system) which can be presented as a choice among other possible slip systems.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'is stretched along the direction'，但没有明确说明拉伸的具体方向。这可能导致做题者无法准确确定初始滑移系统。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸的具体方向"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1514,
|
||
"question": "What are the common methods for refining grains in casting processes (the second method)",
|
||
"answer": "Adding nucleating agents, stirring or vibration",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释铸造过程中细化晶粒的常见方法，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对铸造过程中晶粒细化常见方法的基础概念记忆，属于基本原理和分类的记忆性知识 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然考查的是基础概念记忆，但需要考生掌握铸造过程中细化晶粒的常见方法，并能正确识别第二类方法（添加形核剂、搅拌或振动）。这比单纯记忆基本定义（等级1）要求更高，但不需要进行复杂概念体系的阐述（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Adding nucleating agents, stirring or vibration",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following are common methods for refining grains in casting processes (the second method)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard set of terms that can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'第二类方法'，但没有明确说明第一类方法是什么，这可能导致考生对'第二类方法'的理解产生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "第一类方法的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1649,
|
||
"question": "How many kilograms of proeutectoid phase are there in the final room temperature equilibrium structure?",
|
||
"answer": "According to the lever rule calculation, the proeutectoid phase is m_α'=(0.76-0.45)/(0.76-0.022)×100%×6kg=2.52kg.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（使用杠杆定律计算共析前相的质量），答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果（2.52kg），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分转换，需要将理论知识与具体数值计算相结合，属于中等难度的应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要掌握杠杆法则的应用，理解共析钢的组织转变过程，并进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了计算公式，但需要正确识别和应用相关参数（如0.76、0.45、0.022等），并完成百分比到实际质量的转换计算。这要求考生具备将相图知识与实际计算相结合的能力，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.52kg",
|
||
"choice_question": "How many kilograms of proeutectoid phase are there in the final room temperature equilibrium structure?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于合金总质量的信息，这是计算共析前相质量所必需的数据。虽然题目给出了最终的计算结果（2.52kg），但缺少初始合金的总质量或相关成分信息，使得题目无法独立解答。",
|
||
"missing_info": "合金的总质量或初始成分信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1681,
|
||
"question": "Based on the above conditions, determine what type of solid solution CaO-MgO can form.",
|
||
"answer": "Due to the excessive size difference (28%), CaO-MgO cannot form a continuous solid solution but instead forms a limited-type solid solution.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于给定条件解释CaO-MgO能形成何种固溶体类型，答案需要文字解释和论述，而非选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解固溶体的形成条件，特别是尺寸差异对固溶体类型的影响，并进行综合分析判断。这涉及多个概念的关联和中等程度的推理分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解固溶体的形成条件（如尺寸差异限制），并能将28%的尺寸差异与固溶体类型（连续型或有限型）进行关联分析。虽然不涉及多步计算，但需要综合应用材料科学基础概念进行判断。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Due to the excessive size difference (28%), CaO-MgO cannot form a continuous solid solution but instead forms a limited-type solid solution.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the above conditions, determine what type of solid solution CaO-MgO can form.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Based on the above conditions'，但没有提供具体的条件或背景信息，如尺寸差异的具体数值或其他相关参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的条件或背景信息，如尺寸差异的具体数值或其他相关参数。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1759,
|
||
"question": "What is the viscosity corresponding to the characteristic temperature Tf?",
|
||
"answer": "(19)108dPa·s",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求回答一个具体的数值（108dPa·s），这属于需要直接给出答案的简答题形式，不需要选择、判断或计算过程 | 知识层次: 题目考查的是特征温度Tf对应的粘度值这一基本概念的记忆，属于定义性知识的直接回忆，不需要复杂的应用或分析过程。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求记忆基础概念中的具体数值（108dPa·s），属于直接回忆型问题，无需解释或分析步骤，符合等级1\"基本定义简答\"的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "108dPa·s",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the viscosity corresponding to the characteristic temperature Tf?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的特征温度Tf没有给出具体的定义或背景信息，这可能导致学生无法准确理解Tf指的是哪种特征温度，从而无法正确回答对应的粘度值。",
|
||
"missing_info": "特征温度Tf的具体定义或背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1763,
|
||
"question": "In the wetting of solid-liquid interfaces, what is the second method to improve wetting?",
|
||
"answer": "Increase the surface energy of the solid",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释第二种改善固体-液体界面润湿的方法，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是从选项中选择或判断对错。 | 知识层次: 题目考查的是关于固体-液体界面润湿改进方法的基础概念记忆，属于基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆，但需要考生理解固体-液体界面润湿的基本原理，并知道提高润湿的第二种方法。这比单纯记忆定义（等级1）要求更高，但不需要复杂的分析或概念体系阐述（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Increase the surface energy of the solid",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the wetting of solid-liquid interfaces, which of the following is the second method to improve wetting?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'第二种方法'，但没有提供第一种方法的信息，这可能导致考生无法准确理解或回忆第二种方法的具体内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "第一种改善固体-液体界面润湿的方法"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1765,
|
||
"question": "In the wetting of solid-liquid interfaces, what is the third method to improve wetting?",
|
||
"answer": "Altering the surface roughness of the solid",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释第三种改善固体-液体界面润湿的方法，答案需要提供文字解释而非选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及固体-液体界面润湿性的改善方法，需要理解润湿性的基本原理，并能够关联表面粗糙度对润湿性的影响。这需要多步的概念关联和综合分析，而不仅仅是简单的记忆或直接应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解固体-液体界面润湿的基本概念，并能够综合分析不同改善润湿方法的特点。题目要求考生在已知两种常见方法（如改变表面张力或温度）的基础上，识别第三种方法（改变固体表面粗糙度），这需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力。虽然不涉及多步计算，但需要对润湿机制有较深入的理解才能正确选择。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Altering the surface roughness of the solid",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the wetting of solid-liquid interfaces, which of the following is the third method to improve wetting?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'第三种改善固体-液体界面润湿的方法'，但没有提供前两种方法的具体信息，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目背景和上下文。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前两种改善固体-液体界面润湿的方法"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1790,
|
||
"question": "To inhibit grain growth, 0.2% MgO was added to the raw powder, and the temperature was held for 2 hours at the same sintering temperature. What is the grain size in μm?",
|
||
"answer": "d2=16μm (D³=kt)",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的公式（D³=kt）和参数（d2=16μm）进行数值计算，以确定晶粒尺寸，属于典型的计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式（D³=kt）的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，属于对基本知识的直接运用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用给定的公式D³=kt进行计算，无需额外的公式组合或复杂推导。解题步骤简单，仅涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，符合等级1的单一公式直接计算要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "16μm",
|
||
"choice_question": "To inhibit grain growth, 0.2% MgO was added to the raw powder, and the temperature was held for 2 hours at the same sintering temperature. What is the grain size in μm?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了添加0.2% MgO和保持烧结温度2小时，但没有提供计算晶粒尺寸所需的公式或参数（如k值或初始晶粒尺寸）。虽然题目提到了D³=kt公式，但没有明确给出k值或t值，使得计算无法进行。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算晶粒尺寸所需的k值或t值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1850,
|
||
"question": "To inhibit grain growth, 0.1% grain growth inhibitor is added. If the holding time is also 2h, what is the grain size?",
|
||
"answer": "d2=16μm(D3=kt)",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的公式（d2=16μm(D3=kt)）和条件（0.1% grain growth inhibitor, 2h holding time）进行数值计算，得出具体的晶粒尺寸（grain size）。解答过程涉及公式应用和数值计算，属于典型的计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查基本公式的直接应用（D3=kt）和简单计算，不需要多步推导或综合分析，属于对基本知识的直接运用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用给定的公式（d2=16μm(D3=kt)）进行计算，无需额外的步骤或复杂的思考过程。属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用层次，因此难度等级为1。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "16μm",
|
||
"choice_question": "To inhibit grain growth, 0.1% grain growth inhibitor is added. If the holding time is also 2h, what is the grain size?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了公式（d2=16μm(D3=kt)），但没有提供公式中的参数k和t的具体值或关系，这使得无法进行计算。此外，题目中提到的0.1% grain growth inhibitor的作用也没有明确说明如何影响晶粒尺寸的计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "公式中的参数k和t的具体值或关系，以及0.1% grain growth inhibitor如何影响晶粒尺寸的计算。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1894,
|
||
"question": "7．Martensitic transformation has the following characteristics: (20) etc.",
|
||
"answer": "(20) Orientation relationship",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求描述马氏体相变的特征，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算 | 知识层次: 题目考查马氏体相变的基本特征，如取向关系等，属于基础概念的记忆和理解。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求识别马氏体相变的一个基本特征（取向关系），属于基础概念记忆层次。题目仅涉及单一知识点的直接回忆，无需解释或分析，符合等级1\"基本定义简答\"的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Orientation relationship",
|
||
"choice_question": "Martensitic transformation has the following characteristics:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'etc.'暗示还有其他特征，但没有明确列出所有可能的选项，这可能导致学生不确定是否还有其他正确答案。",
|
||
"missing_info": "完整的马氏体相变特征列表"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1907,
|
||
"question": "Tangent rule",
|
||
"answer": "4. Tangent rule: Draw a tangent at a certain point on the boundary line and intersect it with the corresponding connecting line. If the intersection point lies on the connecting line, it indicates that the boundary at that point has a eutectic property; if the intersection point lies on the extension of the connecting line, it indicates that the boundary at that point has a peritectic property, and the crystalline phase farther from the intersection point is peritectically consumed.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求对Tangent rule进行文字解释和论述，答案提供了详细的描述和解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求解释Tangent rule的应用，涉及边界线切线交点位置的判断，需要理解并应用相图的基本原理，进行概念关联和综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂计算，但需要多步思维过程来区分共晶和包晶性质，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目涉及的知识点\"Tangent rule\"需要深入理解相图边界线的切线规则及其在共晶和包晶反应中的应用。其次，解题步骤较为复杂，需要考生能够正确绘制切线、判断交点位置，并关联到共晶或包晶性质的分析。此外，题目要求考生能够综合分析边界线性质与结晶相变化的关系，这需要将多个概念进行关联和比较。在选择题型内，这种需要多角度分析和概念关联的题目相对较少，因此难度等级较高。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Draw a tangent at a certain point on the boundary line and intersect it with the corresponding connecting line. If the intersection point lies on the connecting line, it indicates that the boundary at that point has a eutectic property; if the intersection point lies on the extension of the connecting line, it indicates that the boundary at that point has a peritectic property, and the crystalline phase farther from the intersection point is peritectically consumed.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the Tangent rule?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of the Tangent rule, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by asking for the correct description among options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'boundary line'和'connecting line'没有明确的定义或图示说明，这可能导致学生无法准确理解如何绘制切线或判断交点位置。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少对'boundary line'和'connecting line'的明确定义或图示说明。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1951,
|
||
"question": "What types of textures are included?",
|
||
"answer": "Textures include recrystallization texture and deformation texture. Among them, deformation texture further includes fiber texture and sheet texture.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释和列举不同类型的纹理，答案以文字解释和论述的形式给出，没有涉及选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对纹理类型的基本分类记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识，不涉及复杂分析或应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及基础概念记忆，但需要考生理解和区分不同纹理类型（再结晶纹理和变形纹理）及其子分类（纤维纹理和片状纹理）。这比单纯记忆定义（等级1）要求更高，但尚未达到复杂概念体系阐述（等级3）的深度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Textures include recrystallization texture and deformation texture. Among them, deformation texture further includes fiber texture and sheet texture.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What types of textures are included?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by presenting the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'textures'没有明确说明是在什么材料或背景下讨论的，这可能导致学生不确定题目所指的具体领域或应用场景。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目未明确说明讨论的是哪种材料的textures，如金属、陶瓷或高分子材料等。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1988,
|
||
"question": "What conclusion can be drawn from the calculation results?",
|
||
"answer": "When θ=10°, the distance between dislocations is only 5∼6 atomic spacings, indicating that the dislocation density is too high at this point. This suggests that the model is no longer applicable when the θ angle is large.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据计算结果得出结论，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据计算结果进行分析和结论推导，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析能力来判断模型适用性。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解位错密度与角度θ的关系，并能从计算结果中综合分析出模型适用性的结论。题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项本身提供了明确的结论线索，不需要进行更深层次的分析或论述。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "When θ=10°, the distance between dislocations is only 5∼6 atomic spacings, indicating that the dislocation density is too high at this point. This suggests that the model is no longer applicable when the θ angle is large.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What conclusion can be drawn from the calculation results?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and well-defined statement that can be used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The original question can be directly used as the stem for the multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少具体的计算过程和结果数据，使得做题者无法直接从题目中获取必要的计算信息来推导结论。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的计算过程和结果数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 1989,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the shear stress required for slip to occur in a nickel crystal with this F-R dislocation source. Given that for Ni, G=7.9×10^10 Pa, a=0.350 nm.",
|
||
"answer": "τ_Ni=1.95×10^7 Pa.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算镍晶体中滑移所需的剪切应力），并给出了具体的材料参数（G=7.9×10^10 Pa, a=0.350 nm）和最终数值答案（τ_Ni=1.95×10^7 Pa），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求直接应用弗兰克-瑞德位错源公式进行单步计算，仅需代入给定参数（G和a）即可求解剪切应力，属于基本公式的直接套用，无需多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单难度，题目要求直接应用F-R位错源的基本公式计算剪切应力，仅需简单代入给定参数（G和a）并进行一步计算即可得出结果，无需组合多个公式或进行复杂分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.95×10^7 Pa",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the shear stress required for slip to occur in a nickel crystal with this F-R dislocation source. Given that for Ni, G=7.9×10^10 Pa, a=0.350 nm.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'F-R dislocation source'，但没有提供关于弗兰克-瑞德位错源的必要参数（如位错环的初始长度或临界应力公式中的其他变量），这使得无法直接套用公式进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "弗兰克-瑞德位错源的具体参数（如位错环的初始长度或临界应力公式中的其他变量）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2028,
|
||
"question": "Assuming the density of MgO is 3.6 g/cm3 and the density of LiF is 2.6 g/cm3, what is the density of the solid solution?",
|
||
"answer": "The density of the solid solution ρ=2.9 g/cm3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目给出了具体材料的密度数据，要求通过计算得出固溶体的密度。解答过程需要应用密度计算公式，最终给出数值结果。这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用密度计算公式进行简单计算，属于基本公式的直接套用，不涉及多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用密度计算公式，属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用。题目提供了所有必要的数据，解题步骤简单明了，无需复杂的推理或多步骤计算，因此在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.9 g/cm3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Assuming the density of MgO is 3.6 g/cm3 and the density of LiF is 2.6 g/cm3, what is the density of the solid solution?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供固溶体中MgO和LiF的比例或混合方式，这是计算固溶体密度的必要信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "固溶体中MgO和LiF的比例或混合方式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2037,
|
||
"question": "Polyvinyl chloride C2H3Cln is dissolved in an organic solvent, with its C-C bond length set at 0.154nm, and the number of bonds in the chain x=2n. If the root mean square length is only half of that in (1), what is the molecular mass?",
|
||
"answer": "The molecular mass M=7125g.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，涉及分子质量的计算，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括理解聚氯乙烯的分子结构、键长与链长的关系，以及均方根长度的概念。此外，还需要将分子质量的计算与给定的条件关联起来，进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂的机理或创新设计，但需要一定的概念关联和计算能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解聚合物链的构象统计概念（如均方根长度与键数的关系），进行多步计算（包括键数推导、分子量计算），并正确关联题目给出的条件（如键长和键数关系）。虽然题目提供了部分参数，但需要综合运用高分子物理和化学计量知识才能得出正确选项。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "7125g",
|
||
"choice_question": "Polyvinyl chloride C2H3Cln is dissolved in an organic solvent, with its C-C bond length set at 0.154nm, and the number of bonds in the chain x=2n. If the root mean square length is only half of that in (1), what is the molecular mass?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a choice in a single-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'If the root mean square length is only half of that in (1)',但未提供(1)的具体内容或上下文信息，导致解题者无法理解'that in (1)'指的是什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少(1)的具体内容或上下文信息，即均方根长度的原始值或相关条件。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2038,
|
||
"question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Cu is 63.5 and its density is 8.9 g/cm^3, find the number of atoms in the critical nucleus.",
|
||
"answer": "n≈261",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解临界核中的原子数量，答案是一个具体的数值结果(n≈261)，这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相对原子质量和密度等基本概念，通过多步计算（如计算临界核的体积、质量等）来求解原子数目，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相对原子质量、密度与原子数量之间的关系，并进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了关键参数，但解题过程涉及单位换算和公式应用，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "n≈261",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Cu is 63.5 and its density is 8.9 g/cm^3, the number of atoms in the critical nucleus is approximately:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于临界核的定义或相关公式的信息，如临界核的体积或半径的计算方法。虽然相对原子质量和密度是已知的，但缺乏如何将这些参数与临界核中的原子数量联系起来的明确指导。",
|
||
"missing_info": "临界核的定义或相关公式（如临界核的体积或半径的计算方法）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2092,
|
||
"question": "How to obtain the mass and Cu content of solid α4 by heating solid α3 to melting and slowly cooling it to 935°C before pouring off the liquid?",
|
||
"answer": "Heat α3 to melting again, slowly cool it to 935°C, pour off the liquid, leaving only α4, with a mass of 180g and a Cu content of w_Cu≈0.013.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字描述如何通过加热和冷却过程获得特定固体的质量和铜含量，答案提供了具体的操作步骤和结果，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步操作（加热、冷却、倒出液体）和综合分析（计算质量和铜含量），需要理解相图概念并应用相关原理进行计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目涉及多步操作（加热、冷却、倾倒液体）和多个概念（相变、成分分析）的综合应用。其次，解题需要准确理解相图原理和成分计算，并能将实验操作步骤与理论计算结果关联起来。最后，题目要求考生在选择题的有限选项中识别出同时满足质量（180g）和成分（w_Cu≈0.013）两个条件的正确答案，这需要较强的综合分析能力。这些因素使得该题在选择题型中属于需要多角度分析论述的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Heat α3 to melting again, slowly cool it to 935°C, pour off the liquid, leaving only α4, with a mass of 180g and a Cu content of w_Cu≈0.013.",
|
||
"choice_question": "How can you obtain the mass and Cu content of solid α4 by heating solid α3 to melting and slowly cooling it to 935°C before pouring off the liquid?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific procedure with measurable outcomes (mass and Cu content), which can be presented as a correct option among other plausible but incorrect procedures.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了通过加热和冷却过程获得固体α4的质量和铜含量，但没有提供关于固体α3的初始质量或铜含量的信息。这些信息对于计算固体α4的质量和铜含量是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "固体α3的初始质量和铜含量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2093,
|
||
"question": "Assuming the Cu content in α phase at 100°C can be considered zero, calculate how many copper atoms are present in each θ particle, given that the atomic radius of Al is 0.143 nm.",
|
||
"answer": "Approximately 150 Cu atoms per θ particle.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铜原子数量），并给出了具体的条件和参数（如温度、原子半径等），答案也是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括原子半径的应用、相组成的分析以及粒子中原子数量的估算，涉及概念关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要综合运用材料科学中的相图知识、原子半径概念以及单位晶胞计算。题目要求考生：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Approximately 150 Cu atoms per θ particle",
|
||
"choice_question": "Assuming the Cu content in α phase at 100°C can be considered zero, how many copper atoms are present in each θ particle, given that the atomic radius of Al is 0.143 nm?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于θ粒子的具体信息，如θ粒子的尺寸、形状或单位晶胞中的原子数量等关键数据，这些信息对于计算每个θ粒子中的铜原子数量是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "θ粒子的尺寸、形状或单位晶胞中的原子数量等关键数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2094,
|
||
"question": "How to obtain the mass and Cu content of solid α2 by heating solid α1 to melting, slowly cooling to 900°C, and pouring off the liquid?",
|
||
"answer": "Heat the solid (α1) in (1) to melting, slowly cool to 900°C, pour off the liquid, and the remaining solid α2 has a weight of 390g with w_Cu≈0.03.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来描述如何通过加热、冷却和倒出液体来获得固体α2的质量和铜含量，答案也以文字形式给出了具体的操作步骤和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步操作（加热、冷却、分离）和结果分析（质量测定和成分计算），需要综合运用相图知识和实验操作步骤的理解，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及加热、冷却和分离液体的多步操作，同时要求计算剩余固体的质量和铜含量。虽然题目提供了具体的数值，但需要考生具备一定的材料科学知识，能够理解相变和成分变化的基本原理。此外，题目还要求考生能够将实验步骤与结果联系起来，进行综合分析。因此，在选择题型中，这道题目属于中等难度，对应等级3。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Heat the solid (α1) to melting, slowly cool to 900°C, pour off the liquid, and the remaining solid α2 has a weight of 390g with w_Cu≈0.03.",
|
||
"choice_question": "How can the mass and Cu content of solid α2 be obtained by heating solid α1 to melting, slowly cooling to 900°C, and pouring off the liquid?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific procedure with measurable outcomes, which can be presented as a correct option among other plausible but incorrect procedures.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了固体α1和α2，但没有提供关于α1的初始质量或铜含量的信息，这使得计算α2的质量和铜含量变得困难。虽然题目给出了α2的最终质量和铜含量，但缺乏初始条件可能会让考生感到困惑，无法验证或理解这些结果是如何得出的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "固体α1的初始质量和铜含量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2097,
|
||
"question": "If there is a certain Cu-Ag alloy (w_Cu=0.075, w_Ag=0.925) weighing 1000g, how can the mass of solid α1 and its Cu content be obtained by heating it above 900°C to melt, then slowly cooling to 850°C and pouring off the liquid part?",
|
||
"answer": "When 1000g of this alloy is heated above 900°C to melt, then slowly cooled to 850°C and the liquid part is poured off, the remaining solid α1 weighs 780g with a w_Cu≈0.055.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算（计算固体α1的质量和铜含量），并应用相图相关知识来解答，答案给出了具体的计算结果。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算（相图应用、杠杆定律计算、成分分析）和概念关联（相变过程、合金成分与相组成的关系），需要综合分析相图信息并进行定量计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆法则应用以及多步计算过程。题目要求考生能够将Cu-Ag相图知识应用于具体合金成分分析，通过温度变化判断相组成，并运用质量守恒原理进行定量计算。虽然给出了正确选项减少了部分思考量，但仍需综合运用材料科学基础知识和计算能力才能正确解答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The remaining solid α1 weighs 780g with a w_Cu≈0.055.",
|
||
"choice_question": "If there is a certain Cu-Ag alloy (w_Cu=0.075, w_Ag=0.925) weighing 1000g, what is the mass of solid α1 and its Cu content obtained by heating it above 900°C to melt, then slowly cooling to 850°C and pouring off the liquid part?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific and definitive answer, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少Cu-Ag相图的具体信息，如850°C时的相组成和成分。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉Cu-Ag相图，但题目没有提供具体的相图数据或参考，这可能导致学生在解题时感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "850°C时的相组成和成分的具体数据或参考相图"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2123,
|
||
"question": "Point out the errors in the following concept and correct them: In the microstructure of eutectic white cast iron with a carbon content w_C=0.043, the white matrix is Fe3C, which includes Fe3C_I, Fe3C_II, Fe3C_III, Fe3C_eutectic, Fe3C_eutectoid, etc.",
|
||
"answer": "It includes FeC and FeC eutectic.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求指出并纠正概念中的错误，需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。答案也以文字形式呈现，解释了正确的概念。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对铸铁微观结构中碳化物类型的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念范畴 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆，但需要考生准确区分Fe3C和FeC的不同类型，并识别出正确的组成成分。这要求考生不仅记住基本定义，还需要理解并应用这些概念来纠正错误。因此，相较于简单的定义记忆（等级1），该题目需要更深一层的概念理解和应用（等级2）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "It includes FeC and FeC eutectic.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly identifies the errors and corrections in the microstructure of eutectic white cast iron with a carbon content w_C=0.043?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question asks to point out errors and correct them, which can be rephrased into a multiple-choice format by providing options that include the correct identification of errors and their corrections. The correct answer is a standard term or concept that can be presented as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'correctly identifies the errors and corrections'，但没有明确说明具体需要识别和纠正哪些错误。此外，正确选项中的'FeC'和'FeC eutectic'没有进一步的解释或定义，可能会让考生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目没有明确列出需要识别和纠正的具体错误，以及正确选项中'FeC'和'FeC eutectic'的具体定义或解释。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2142,
|
||
"question": "For NaCl crystals doped with a small amount of $\\\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$, the number of $\\\\mathrm{Na^{+}}$ vacancies related to Schottky defects at high temperatures is much higher than that related to $\\\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$, so intrinsic diffusion dominates. At low temperatures, the vacancies caused by the presence of $\\\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$ ions can accelerate the diffusion of $\\\\mathrm{Na^{+}}$ ions. Analyze how the transition point temperature in Figure 5-5 would shift if the concentration of $\\\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$ is reduced.",
|
||
"answer": "The transition point shifts toward lower temperatures.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求分析掺杂浓度变化对转变温度的影响，并给出解释性答案，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目要求分析掺杂浓度变化对过渡温度的影响，涉及Schottky缺陷和掺杂缺陷的竞争机制，需要综合运用扩散机制、缺陷化学和温度效应的知识进行推理分析，思维过程较为复杂。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目要求考生综合运用材料科学中的缺陷化学和扩散机理知识，分析掺杂浓度变化对过渡温度的影响。考生需要理解Schottky缺陷与掺杂缺陷的竞争关系，并推理内在扩散与外在扩散主导的温度区间变化。这种复杂现象的分析不仅需要深入掌握相关机理，还需要在选择题的有限选项中准确判断因果关系，体现了最高层次的综合分析和推理能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The transition point shifts toward lower temperatures.",
|
||
"choice_question": "For NaCl crystals doped with a small amount of $\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$, the number of $\\mathrm{Na^{+}}$ vacancies related to Schottky defects at high temperatures is much higher than that related to $\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$, so intrinsic diffusion dominates. At low temperatures, the vacancies caused by the presence of $\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$ ions can accelerate the diffusion of $\\mathrm{Na^{+}}$ ions. How would the transition point temperature in Figure 5-5 shift if the concentration of $\\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}$ is reduced?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and concise statement, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'Figure 5-5'，但没有提供该图表的具体信息，这会让做题者无法准确理解转变点的具体含义和位置。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Figure 5-5的具体内容或描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2163,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the volume fraction of the Fe3C phase in 40 steel, given the mass fraction of carbon ωC=0.004",
|
||
"answer": "φFe3C=0.004/0.069=0.06",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算Fe3C相的体积分数），并给出了具体的计算公式和数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本的质量分数到体积分数的转换计算，仅需直接套用公式进行计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需直接套用单一公式（体积分数=质量分数/相成分比例）进行简单计算，无需多步骤推理或复杂概念理解，属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "φFe3C=0.06",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the volume fraction of the Fe3C phase in 40 steel, given the mass fraction of carbon ωC=0.004. The correct answer is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format with the correct option derived from the given answer.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算Fe3C相体积分数所需的密度信息或相关相图数据。虽然质量分数ωC=0.004已给出，但未提供Fe3C和铁素体的密度或其他必要参数来计算体积分数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Fe3C和铁素体的密度或其他必要参数来计算体积分数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2191,
|
||
"question": "Given the Burgers vector of a dislocation as b, the bubble radius as r, and the specific interfacial energy between the bubble and metal as σ, determine the increment of shear stress Δτ.",
|
||
"answer": "The increased interfacial area between the bubble and metal after the dislocation cuts the bubble is A=2rb. The increment of interfacial energy is 2rbσ. If the increment of shear stress for a dislocation cutting one bubble is Δτ', then the work done by the stress is Δτ'b. Therefore, 2rbσ=Δτ'b, Δτ'=2rσ. When the bubble density is n, the total increment of shear stress Δτ=nΔτ'=2nrσ. It can be seen that the increment of shear stress is proportional to the bubble density.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的参数（Burgers vector、bubble radius、specific interfacial energy）进行计算，并得出增量剪切应力的数值结果。解答过程涉及公式应用和数值推导，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算和概念关联，包括理解位错切割气泡导致的界面能增加、应力增量与气泡密度的关系等综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理分析或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念（Burgers向量、位错切割气泡的界面能增量、剪切应力增量等）并进行多步计算和综合分析。题目涉及中等应用层次的知识点，要求考生能够将不同概念关联起来，并通过逻辑推导得出最终结论。虽然题目提供了正确选项的详细推导过程，但在选择题型内仍需要考生具备较强的概念理解和计算能力才能正确解答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2nrσ",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the Burgers vector of a dislocation as b, the bubble radius as r, and the specific interfacial energy between the bubble and metal as σ, the increment of shear stress Δτ when the bubble density is n is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical expression derived from the given parameters, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format with a clear correct option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了气泡密度n，但在原始题目中并未给出n的具体数值或相关信息，这会导致学生在计算增量剪切应力Δτ时缺少必要的参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "气泡密度n的具体数值或相关信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2198,
|
||
"question": "The strength of OFHC copper (oxygen-free high-conductivity copper) can be increased by more than 2 times after cold drawing deformation. If the safety factor for allowable stress is taken as 2, calculate the service life of an OFHC copper component working at $130^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$. (Given: $A=10^{12}1/\\\\operatorname*{min}, \\\\frac{Q}{R}=$ $1.5\\\\times10^{4}~\\\\mathrm{K}, t_{0.5}$ is the time required for 50% recrystallization)",
|
||
"answer": "Since OFHC copper operates at $130^{\\\\circ}C$, with a strength design safety factor of 2, for cold-worked and strengthened materials, only 50% recrystallization is allowed, i.e., $$ \\\\begin{array}{r}{\\\\frac{1}{t_{0.5}}=A\\\\mathrm{exp}\\\\left(-\\\\frac{Q}{R T}\\\\right)} \\\\ {\\\\mathrm{lg}(A t_{0.5})=\\\\frac{Q}{R T}\\\\mathrm{lg}\\\\mathrm{~e~}}\\\\end{array}$$ $A=10^{12}~1/\\\\operatorname*{min}{},\\\\frac{Q}{R}=1.5\\\\times10^{4}~\\\\mathrm{K}{},T=130^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}=403~\\\\mathrm{K}$. Therefore, $$ t_{0.5}=14497\\\\mathrm{min}=242\\\\mathrm{h}$$ Thus, the service life of OFHC copper under these working conditions is $242\\\\mathrm{~h~}$ \\\\lg(10^{12}t_{0.5})={\\\\frac{1.5\\\\times10^{4}}{403}}\\\\times0.4342$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，解答过程中涉及到了具体的数学运算和物理公式的使用，最终得出一个具体的数值结果（242小时）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括温度单位转换、公式应用（Arrhenius方程）、对数运算和单位转换，涉及材料科学中的再结晶动力学概念。虽然计算过程较为直接，但需要理解和应用多个知识点，并进行综合分析以得出最终的服务寿命。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解材料科学中的再结晶动力学概念，掌握Arrhenius方程的应用，并进行多步骤计算。题目涉及温度转换、对数运算和单位换算，综合性强，但选项提供了明确的解题路径，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "242 h",
|
||
"choice_question": "The strength of OFHC copper (oxygen-free high-conductivity copper) can be increased by more than 2 times after cold drawing deformation. If the safety factor for allowable stress is taken as 2, what is the service life of an OFHC copper component working at $130^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$? (Given: $A=10^{12}1/\\operatorname*{min}, \\frac{Q}{R}=$ $1.5\\times10^{4}~\\mathrm{K}, t_{0.5}$ is the time required for 50% recrystallization)",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer to the calculation is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了安全系数为2，但没有明确说明如何将安全系数应用于计算服务寿命的具体方法或公式。此外，题目中给出了t_{0.5}的定义，但没有说明如何利用这个参数来计算服务寿命。",
|
||
"missing_info": "如何将安全系数应用于计算服务寿命的具体方法或公式，以及如何利用t_{0.5}来计算服务寿命。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2241,
|
||
"question": "If the interfacial energy is the same as (3), how much driving force for phase transformation remains in the alloy?",
|
||
"answer": "420.8-240=180.8 J/mol. That is, after overcoming the interfacial energy during the phase transformation, there remains a driving force of 180.8 J/mol.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算（420.8-240=180.8 J/mol）并应用公式来求解剩余的相变驱动力，答案以具体数值形式呈现。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本的数值计算和公式应用，仅需简单的减法运算和单位转换，无需多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算。虽然需要理解界面能的概念并进行简单的减法运算，但解题步骤直接且仅涉及单一公式的套用和基本计算，没有复杂的分析或多个公式的组合应用。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "180.8 J/mol",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the interfacial energy is the same as (3), how much driving force for phase transformation remains in the alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'If the interfacial energy is the same as (3)'，但没有提供(3)的具体内容或上下文信息，导致无法直接理解或计算剩余的相变驱动力。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少(3)的具体数值或上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2243,
|
||
"question": "The carbon in iron, c0=wC=0.0001, E=-0.5 eV, calculate the critical temperature for solute segregation.",
|
||
"answer": "c=c0exp(-E/kT), when complete solute segregation occurs, c=wx=1, T=T∥s, 1=c0exp(-E/kT), then T∥⊥=-E/kln(1/c0). Substituting c0=wC=0.0001, E=-0.5 eV=-1.602×10^-19×0.5 J, T∥∥=(1.602×10^-19×0.5)/(1.381×10^-23×ln(1/0.0001))=629 K.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，解答过程中涉及代入数值、使用公式和最终得出计算结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括公式的变形和数值代入，同时需要理解溶质偏析的临界温度概念，并正确应用相关公式进行计算。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或机理解释，但需要一定的概念关联和计算能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念（如溶质偏聚、临界温度计算）并进行多步计算（包括指数运算、单位转换和代数求解）。虽然题目提供了正确选项的推导过程，但仍要求考生能够综合运用物理化学知识，正确代入数值并执行计算步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "629 K",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the carbon in iron with c0=wC=0.0001 and E=-0.5 eV, what is the critical temperature for solute segregation?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer (629 K), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算临界温度所需的公式或方法说明。虽然提供了初始碳浓度（c0=wC=0.0001）和能量（E=-0.5 eV），但没有明确给出如何利用这些参数计算临界温度的公式或方法。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算临界温度的具体公式或方法"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2270,
|
||
"question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the yield strength of steel is 280 MPa and the yield strength of copper is 140 MPa. What is the maximum tensile load the composite material can withstand without undergoing plastic deformation?",
|
||
"answer": "The maximum tensile force is F⊥=Fcu+Fst=(140×10^6 N/m^2)×(2.4×10^−6 m^2)+(260×10^6 N/m^2)×(0.8×10^−6 m^2)=540 N",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算，应用给定的材料参数和公式来求解最大拉伸载荷，答案也是具体的数值计算结果。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式应用和简单计算，直接套用给定的材料参数和面积数据进行计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算。虽然涉及两种材料的强度计算，但解题步骤较为直接，只需分别计算铜和钢的承受力并相加。不需要复杂的分析或多步骤推理，属于基础应用层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "540 N",
|
||
"choice_question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the yield strength of steel is 280 MPa and the yield strength of copper is 140 MPa. What is the maximum tensile load the composite material can withstand without undergoing plastic deformation?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Referring to the composite material in the previous question'，但没有提供前文或上下文信息，导致做题者无法获取复合材料的组成或几何参数（如横截面积等）来计算最大拉伸载荷。",
|
||
"missing_info": "复合材料的组成或几何参数（如横截面积）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2272,
|
||
"question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the yield strength of steel is 280 MPa and the yield strength of copper is 140 MPa. If the composite material is subjected to tension, which metal will yield first?",
|
||
"answer": "Since the stress ratio is 1.86, when the stress on steel is 140 MPa, the stress on copper is also 140 MPa. Therefore, copper will yield first.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要解释和论述两种金属在复合材料中的屈服行为，答案提供了详细的文字解释和逻辑推理，而不是简单的选择或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及简单的应力计算和材料屈服强度的比较，属于基本公式应用和直接套用范畴，不需要复杂的分析或多步计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较低难度，题目仅需简单应用基本公式和直接比较两种金属的屈服强度，无需复杂计算或多步骤推理。正确选项直接给出了结论和简单解释，符合简单应用的知识层次要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "copper will yield first",
|
||
"choice_question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the yield strength of steel is 280 MPa and the yield strength of copper is 140 MPa. If the composite material is subjected to tension, which metal will yield first?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and definitive statement about which metal will yield first, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format with clear options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Referring to the composite material in the previous question'，但没有提供前文或上下文信息，导致做题者无法确定复合材料的具体组成和结构。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前文中关于复合材料的具体组成和结构的信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2275,
|
||
"question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the elastic modulus of steel is 205 GPa and the elastic modulus of copper is 110 GPa. What is the elastic modulus of this composite material?",
|
||
"answer": "E=(φE)st+(φE)cu=0.25×(205000 MPa)+0.75×(110000 MPa)=130000 MPa",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的弹性模量和体积分数进行数值计算，并应用混合法则公式来求解复合材料的弹性模量。答案展示了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，只需要将给定的弹性模量和体积分数代入公式进行计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用给定的复合弹性模量公式（E=(φE)st+(φE)cu），并进行简单的数值代入和计算。无需理解多个概念或进行复杂的分析，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "130000 MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "Referring to the composite material in the previous question. Given that the elastic modulus of steel is 205 GPa and the elastic modulus of copper is 110 GPa. What is the elastic modulus of this composite material?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Referring to the composite material in the previous question'，但没有提供前文或上下文信息，导致无法确定复合材料的组成或体积分数等关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "复合材料的组成或体积分数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2282,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the critical volume fraction φtr of β-SiC whisker reinforced composite, given the matrix tensile strength σm=186MPa, yield strength σy=76MPa, and average fiber stress σf=5320MPa.",
|
||
"answer": "For β-SiC whiskers, the critical volume fraction φtr = (σm - σy) / (σf - σy) = (186 - 76) / (5320 - 76) = 0.021.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的参数和公式进行数值计算，最终得出一个具体的数值结果（临界体积分数φtr），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，无需多步推理或综合分析，仅需理解公式中各参数的含义并进行数值代入计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目直接给出了所需的公式和所有必要的参数，只需要进行简单的代入和计算即可得出答案。不需要理解多个概念或进行复杂的分析，因此属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.021",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the critical volume fraction φtr of β-SiC whisker reinforced composite, given the matrix tensile strength σm=186MPa, yield strength σy=76MPa, and average fiber stress σf=5320MPa. The critical volume fraction φtr is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer (0.021), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算临界体积分数φtr所需的公式或方法说明。虽然给出了必要的参数（σm, σy, σf），但没有说明如何利用这些参数计算φtr。这可能导致学生不知道如何应用这些参数来得到答案。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算临界体积分数φtr的公式或方法说明"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2287,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the average stress σf of β-SiC whiskers when the critical length is not reached, given the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa, fiber length L=70μm, and diameter df=0.5μm.",
|
||
"answer": "For β-SiC whiskers, the average stress σf = (τy × L) / df = (σy × L) / (2 × df) = (76 × 70×10^-6) / (2 × 0.5×10^-6) = 5320MPa.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，给出了具体的参数和计算公式，最终需要得出一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，涉及纤维增强复合材料的应力传递机制，但计算过程较为直接，仅需套用给定公式进行数值计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算。虽然需要理解基本概念（如临界长度未达到时的平均应力计算公式），但解题步骤相对直接，仅需套用单一公式并进行简单单位换算和代数运算。不需要组合多个公式或进行复杂分析，因此属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "5320MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the average stress σf of β-SiC whiskers when the critical length is not reached, given the matrix yield strength σy=76MPa, fiber length L=70μm, and diameter df=0.5μm.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation has a definitive answer (5320MPa), which can be presented as a correct option among other plausible but incorrect options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算平均应力σf所需的公式或关系式。虽然给出了矩阵屈服强度σy、纤维长度L和直径df，但没有提供如何利用这些参数计算σf的具体公式或方法。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算平均应力σf的公式或关系式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2314,
|
||
"question": "In what aspects should matrix modification be considered to improve interface bonding?",
|
||
"answer": "Matrix modification",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释在哪些方面应考虑基体改性以改善界面结合，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求从多个方面考虑基体改性以改善界面结合，这需要对材料科学中的界面相互作用、改性方法及其影响机理有深入的理解和综合分析能力。回答需要结合不同改性策略的优缺点、适用条件及其对界面性能的影响进行推理和解释，属于复杂分析和综合运用的范畴。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目要求考生不仅理解\"matrix modification\"这一概念，还需要综合运用材料科学知识，分析界面结合的多个改进方面。这涉及到复杂现象的全面分析能力，包括材料改性机理、界面相互作用原理等深层次知识。选择题型中，此类题目需要考生在多个潜在正确选项中进行高阶推理和判断，远超出简单记忆或基础理解的范畴，属于材料科学选择题中最具挑战性的类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Matrix modification",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following should be considered to improve interface bonding?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'following'，但没有明确列出具体的选择项，导致考生不清楚具体需要考虑哪些方面来改善界面结合。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选择项列表"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2341,
|
||
"question": "The measured lattice constant a=0.3795nm and density of 14.213g/cm^3 for the Cu-40%Au solid solution. Calculate and explain what type of solid solution this alloy is. The relative atomic mass of Au is found to be 196.97 from the appendix.",
|
||
"answer": "The average weight per atom A in the Cu-40%Au solid solution is (63.55×0.6+196.97×0.4)/(6.0238×10^23)g=1.941×10^-22g. The number of atoms per unit cell n is calculated as a^3×ρ/A=(0.3795×10^-7)^3×14.213/1.941×10^-22=4.002. Both Cu and Au have a face-centered cubic structure, with 4 atoms per unit cell. The calculation yields 4.002 atoms per unit cell, where the decimal is due to calculation and measurement errors, thus this is a substitutional solid solution.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（如计算平均原子重量、单位晶胞中的原子数等）并应用公式，最终通过计算结果解释合金类型。答案中包含详细的数学运算过程和结果分析，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算（包括原子质量计算、晶胞原子数计算等），并需要将计算结果与晶体结构知识关联起来进行综合分析，以判断固溶体类型。这涉及对基础概念的理解和中等难度的应用能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求计算平均原子重量、单位晶胞中的原子数，并结合晶体结构知识判断固溶体类型。涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项提供了明确的解题路径，减少了开放性思考的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "substitutional solid solution",
|
||
"choice_question": "The measured lattice constant a=0.3795nm and density of 14.213g/cm^3 for the Cu-40%Au solid solution. Based on the calculations, what type of solid solution is this alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (substitutional solid solution) which can be presented as a correct option among other plausible but incorrect options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少铜（Cu）的相对原子质量，这是计算平均原子重量和单位晶胞中原子数的必要信息。虽然金（Au）的相对原子质量已给出，但缺少铜的相对原子质量会影响计算的完整性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铜（Cu）的相对原子质量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2352,
|
||
"question": "Predict the crystal structure of CsCl",
|
||
"answer": "From the appendix, the electronegativities of Cs and Cl are found to be 0.82 and 3.16, respectively: the ionic radii are r(Cs+)=0.165 nm, r(Cl-)=0.181 nm. The electronegativity difference ΔEN=3.16-0.82=2.34, the ionic bond character is 75%, the covalent character is 25%, primarily ionic bonding. The ratio of anion radius to cation radius r(Cs+)/r(Cl-)=0.165/0.181=0.912. From the data given in Table 3-5 in the text, the cation should occupy the interstitial site at the center of a cube formed by the anions, corresponding to CN(Cl-)=8; the ratio of the number of anions to cations is 1:1, so CN(Cs+)=8. This crystal structure should be a simple cubic structure, with Cl- at the cube corners and Cs+ at the cube center.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来预测CsCl的晶体结构，答案中包含了详细的推理过程和依据，没有涉及选择、判断或数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要综合运用电负性、离子半径比、配位数等概念，通过多步计算和查表分析，最终确定晶体结构。虽然涉及多个知识点，但主要是基于已有规则和数据的直接应用，不需要复杂的推理或创新。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于较高难度，需要考生进行多步计算（如电负性差、离子半径比）、概念关联（离子键与共价键比例、配位数判断）以及综合分析（晶体结构预测）。虽然题目提供了部分数据，但要求考生能够整合多个知识点并应用表格数据进行推理，这超出了基础记忆或简单计算的范畴，属于多角度分析论述的层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "simple cubic structure",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the given data (electronegativities and ionic radii), predict the crystal structure of CsCl:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (simple cubic structure) which can be presented as a correct option among other plausible crystal structures.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'given data (electronegativities and ionic radii)'，但实际并未提供这些数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些数据，但题目明确提到'given data'，这暗示这些数据应该被提供。",
|
||
"missing_info": "electronegativities和ionic radii的具体数值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2371,
|
||
"question": "According to the $F E=F e=C$ phase diagram, calculate the relative amounts of phases in an iron-carbon alloy at room temperature under equilibrium conditions, where the mass fraction of carbon is $0.14$.",
|
||
"answer": "At room temperature, the equilibrium phases of the iron-carbon alloy are $\\alpha$-Fe (the mass fraction of carbon is $0.008$) and $Fe_3C$ (the mass fraction of carbon is $6.67$). Therefore, for an alloy with a mass fraction of carbon of $0.14$ at room temperature under equilibrium conditions, the relative amounts (mass fractions) of the $\\alpha$-Fe phase and the $Fe_3C$ phase are: $$ A^{\\alpha}=\\frac{6.67-0.14}{6.67-0.008}=98.62\\% \\qquad A^{Fe_3C}=1-98.62\\%=1.38\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的铁碳相图计算特定成分合金在室温下的相组成比例，解答过程涉及数值计算和杠杆定律的应用，答案以具体数值形式呈现。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查对铁碳相图的基本理解和杠杆定律的简单应用，涉及单一条件下的质量分数计算，属于基本公式的直接套用和简单计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算难度。虽然需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念和杠杆定律的应用，但解题步骤相对直接，仅需套用一个公式进行计算。相比单一公式直接计算的题目（等级1），该题需要稍多的理解，但相比需要多个公式组合的题目（等级3）仍较为简单。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A^α=98.62%, A^Fe3C=1.38%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what are the relative amounts of phases in an iron-carbon alloy at room temperature under equilibrium conditions, where the mass fraction of carbon is $0.14$?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical result, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的铁碳相图信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉铁碳相图的基本结构，但题目中提到的相图符号'$FE=Fe=C$'并不常见，可能会引起混淆。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的铁碳相图信息或对'$FE=Fe=C$'相图的解释"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2372,
|
||
"question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, calculate the relative amount of eutectoid (pearlite) in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $0.14$ at room temperature under equilibrium conditions.",
|
||
"answer": "The microstructure of an alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $0.14$ at room temperature under equilibrium conditions consists of $\\\\alpha$-Fe and eutectoid (pearlite). The microstructure can be approximately considered the same as after the eutectoid transformation. At the eutectoid temperature, the carbon composition of $\\\\alpha$-Fe is $0.022$, and the carbon composition of the eutectoid structure is $0.76$. Therefore, the relative amount of eutectoid in the microstructure of an alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $0.14$ at room temperature is: $$ A^{P}=\\\\frac{0.14-0.022}{0.76-0.022}=10.58\\\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据铁碳相图计算特定碳质量分数合金中珠光体的相对含量，解答过程涉及数值计算和杠杆定律的应用，最终给出具体百分比结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括理解相图、应用杠杆定律计算相对量，并关联不同温度下的相组成。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但需要综合运用相图知识和计算技巧。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念，掌握共析转变的相关知识，并进行多步骤的计算。虽然题目提供了关键数据（如碳含量），但考生仍需正确应用杠杆定律进行计算，并理解微观组织的组成。这要求考生具备一定的综合分析能力和计算能力，但相对于更复杂的多变量计算问题，此题的计算步骤较为直接。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "10.58%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what is the relative amount of eutectoid (pearlite) in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $0.14$ at room temperature under equilibrium conditions?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'$FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的相图信息或参考图表。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉铁碳相图，但在考试或练习中，通常需要明确提供或引用相关的图表信息以确保所有考生都在相同的条件下答题。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的铁碳相图或相关图表信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2375,
|
||
"question": "According to the $F E=F e=C$ phase diagram, calculate the relative amounts of phases in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ under equilibrium conditions at room temperature.",
|
||
"answer": "At room temperature, the equilibrium phases of the iron-carbon alloy are $\\alpha$-Fe (carbon mass fraction is $0.008$) and $Fe_3C$ (carbon mass fraction is $6.67$). Therefore, for an alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ under equilibrium conditions at room temperature, the relative amount (mass fraction) of the $\\alpha$-Fe phase and the relative amount of the $Fe_3C$ phase are: $$ A^{\\alpha}=\\frac{6.67-3.6}{6.67-0.008}=46.08\\% \\qquad A^{Fe_3C}=1-46.08\\%=53.92\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的铁碳相图计算特定成分合金在室温下的相比例，答案涉及具体的数值计算和公式应用（杠杆定律），属于典型的计算题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解铁碳相图的基本原理，应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和质量分数的综合计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念，掌握杠杆定律的应用，并进行多步骤计算。虽然题目给出了具体数值和公式，但考生仍需正确识别相图中的相关相区，并准确应用杠杆定律进行计算。这比单纯记忆概念或进行单步计算的选择题要复杂，但比涉及多变量或动态分析的题目要简单。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A^α=46.08%, A^Fe3C=53.92%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the Fe-C phase diagram, what are the relative amounts (mass fractions) of the α-Fe and Fe3C phases in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of 3.6% under equilibrium conditions at room temperature?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical result, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'According to the Fe-C phase diagram'，但没有提供具体的相图信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉铁碳相图，但题目中未明确标注关键点（如共析点、相区边界等），这可能导致学生在应用杠杆定律时产生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的铁碳相图或关键相区边界数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2377,
|
||
"question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, calculate the percentage of the final transformed eutectoid in the eutectic structure relative to the total system for an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$.",
|
||
"answer": "The percentage of phases in the eutectic structure is: $$ A_{6}^{7}=\\\\frac{6.67-4.3}{6.67-2.14}=52.3\\\\%$$ Therefore, the percentage of the final transformed eutectoid in the eutectic structure is: $$ A_{G}^{P}=67.6\\\\% \\\\times 52.3\\\\% \\\\times (1-23.35\\\\%)=27.1\\\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案中包含了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和公式应用，需要理解相图的基本原理和计算方法，但不需要进行复杂的推理分析或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念，进行多步计算，并综合分析不同相的比例关系。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个步骤和概念关联，对学生的知识掌握和计算能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "27.1%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what is the percentage of the final transformed eutectoid in the eutectic structure relative to the total system for an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6%?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a choice in a single-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'$FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram'没有提供具体的图表或相关数据，这可能导致学生无法准确理解或应用相图进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的铁碳相图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2380,
|
||
"question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, calculate the relative amounts of the primary phase (austenite) and eutectic in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ just after solidification is completed.",
|
||
"answer": "Just after solidification is completed, the carbon compositions of the primary phase and eutectic structure are $2.14$ and $4.3$ respectively. Therefore, the relative amounts of the primary phase and eutectic just after solidification are: $$ A^{\\\\gamma}=\\\\frac{4.3-3.6}{4.3-2.14}=32.4\\\\% \\\\qquad A^{0}=1-32.4\\\\%=67.6\\\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据相图进行数值计算，应用杠杆定律来求解各相的相对含量，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括理解相图、应用杠杆定律计算相对量，并涉及概念关联（如初生相和共晶组织的组成）。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但需要一定的综合分析能力来正确应用相图知识进行计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念，掌握杠杆定律的应用，并进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了关键数值，但考生仍需正确识别相图中的关键点（如共晶点和初生相成分），并准确应用公式计算相对含量。这比单纯记忆或简单计算更复杂，但相比涉及多变量或更复杂相变的题目，其难度适中。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A^γ=32.4%, A^0=67.6%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what are the relative amounts of the primary phase (austenite) and eutectic in an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of $3.6$ just after solidification is completed?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical result, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的$FE=Fe=C$相图未提供具体图表或关键数据点（如共晶点和初生相成分），这会影响学生正确应用杠杆定律进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的$FE=Fe=C$相图或关键数据点（如共晶点和初生相成分）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2384,
|
||
"question": "At which temperature is the equilibrium vacancy concentration 10 times that at 1000K?",
|
||
"answer": "The ratio of vacancy concentrations at two different temperatures T1 and T2 is x_r(T2)/x_r(T1) = exp[-ΔH_f / k_B * (1/T2 - 1/T1)]. Let T1 = 1000K, and the vacancy concentration at T2 be 10 times that at T1, then ln10 = -ΔH_f / k_B * (1/T2 - 1/1000). 1/T2 = (1/1000 - k_B * ln10 / ΔH_f) K^-1. From textbook Table 6-1, ΔH_f for Cu is 1.22 eV, and k_B = 8.61×10^-5 eV·K^-1. Substituting these values into the equation gives 1/T2 = (1/1000 - 8.61×10^-5 * ln10 / 1.22) K^-1 = 8.375×10^-4 K^-1. Therefore, T2 = 1144 K. That is, the vacancy concentration at 1144 K is 10 times that at 1000 K.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，涉及温度、空位浓度比、焓变等物理量的计算，最终得出具体的温度值。解答过程展示了详细的数学推导和代入计算步骤，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要应用公式进行数值计算，并结合具体材料参数（如铜的ΔH_f）进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂的推理分析或创新应用，但需要一定的理解和计算能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念（如平衡空位浓度、温度关系、玻尔兹曼常数等）并进行多步骤计算。题目涉及从教材表格中查找数据、代入公式、对数运算和倒数计算等步骤，虽然计算过程明确但步骤较多且需要一定的综合分析能力。在选择题型内相比简单概念题或单步计算题更为复杂，但尚未达到复杂多变量计算的最高难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1144 K",
|
||
"choice_question": "At which temperature is the equilibrium vacancy concentration 10 times that at 1000K?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value (1144 K), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供形成焓（ΔH_f）或玻尔兹曼常数（k_B）等必要参数，这些参数对于计算平衡空位浓度与温度的关系是必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉这些参数，但题目并未明确说明是否可以使用默认值或需要从其他来源获取。",
|
||
"missing_info": "形成焓（ΔH_f）和玻尔兹曼常数（k_B）的具体数值或参考来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2390,
|
||
"question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, calculate the relative amounts of phases in an iron-carbon alloy at room temperature under equilibrium conditions, where the mass fraction of carbon is $1.20$.",
|
||
"answer": "At room temperature, the equilibrium phases of the iron-carbon alloy are $\\alpha$-Fe (with a mass fraction of carbon of $0.008$) and $Fe_3C$ (with a mass fraction of carbon of $6.67$). Therefore, for an alloy with a mass fraction of carbon of $1.20$, the relative amounts (mass fractions) of the $\\alpha$-Fe phase and the $Fe_3C$ phase at room temperature under equilibrium conditions are: $$ A^{\\alpha}=\\frac{6.67-1.2}{6.67-0.008}=82.11\\% \\qquad A^{Fe_3C}=1-82.11\\%=17.89\\%$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的铁碳相图计算特定成分合金中各相的相对含量，解答过程涉及数值计算和公式应用，最终给出具体的百分比结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图的理解和相成分的关联分析，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解铁碳相图的基本概念，掌握杠杆定律的应用，并进行多步骤计算。虽然题目提供了关键数据点（α-Fe和Fe3C的碳含量），但解题过程涉及多个计算步骤和概念关联，对学生的综合分析能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A^α=82.11%, A^Fe3C=17.89%",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the $FE=Fe=C$ phase diagram, what are the relative amounts of phases in an iron-carbon alloy at room temperature under equilibrium conditions, where the mass fraction of carbon is $1.20%?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical result, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的$FE=Fe=C$相图没有提供具体的数据或图表，虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉铁碳相图的基本概念，但题目中提到的具体相图（$FE=Fe=C$）并不是标准的铁碳相图表示方式，这可能导致学生对所参考的相图具体内容产生疑问。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的$FE=Fe=C$相图数据或图表"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2409,
|
||
"question": "Using the etch pit method, the distance between small-angle grain boundary etch pits was measured to be $[5,8][11]$. X-ray diffraction measured the misorientation between the two grains as 30 ($1\\\\because=0.000280$). What is the magnitude of the Burgers vector of the dislocations in the grain boundary?",
|
||
"answer": "Assuming the relationship between the dislocation spacing $n$, the Burgers vector $b$, and the misorientation in the grain boundary can be approximately estimated by the following formula: $$ D={\\\\frac{\\\\tilde{b}}{\\\\theta}} $$. Based on the given data, the Burgers vector $b$ is calculated as $$b=D\\\\pmb{\\\\theta}=6.87\\\\times10^{3}\\\\times30\\\\times0.0002\\\\&(\\\\pi/180)\\\\mathrm{nm}=1.00\\\\mathrm{nm}$$.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的公式和数据进行数值计算，最终得出Burgers vector的具体数值。答案中包含了详细的公式应用和计算步骤，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及公式应用和概念关联（如Burgers向量、小角度晶界位错间距和取向差的关系），但不需要复杂的推理分析或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解小角度晶界、位错柏氏矢量、蚀刻坑间距与取向差的关系等多个概念，并正确应用公式进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了关键公式，但需要将给定的数据正确代入并进行单位转换（如弧度与度的转换），计算过程涉及多个步骤和概念的综合运用，对学生的知识掌握和计算能力要求较高。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.00 nm",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the etch pit method, the distance between small-angle grain boundary etch pits was measured to be $[5,8][11]$. X-ray diffraction measured the misorientation between the two grains as 30 ($1\\because=0.000280$). What is the magnitude of the Burgers vector of the dislocations in the grain boundary?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的距离测量结果 '$[5,8][11]$' 格式不明确，无法确定具体数值。此外，'1\\because=0.000280' 的表述不清晰，可能影响单位转换的理解。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的距离测量数值和清晰的单位转换说明"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2410,
|
||
"question": "Given the density of a crystal with NaCl-type structure is 3.55 g/cm³, calculate its unit cell lattice constant. A unit cell contains 4 cations and 4 anions, the relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.31, and that of O is 16.",
|
||
"answer": "According to the density formula ρ=4(24.31+16)/(a³×6.022×10²³), solving for the lattice constant a=[4(24.31+16)/(3.55×6.022×10²³)]^(1/3) cm=4.151×10⁻⁸ cm=0.4151 nm.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解晶格常数，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括密度公式的应用、单位换算和立方根求解，涉及晶体结构、原子质量和阿伏伽德罗常数等多个概念的关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解晶体结构、密度公式、单位换算等多个概念，并进行多步骤计算。虽然题目提供了公式和计算步骤，但需要考生具备综合分析能力和单位转换技巧，才能正确求解晶格常数。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.4151 nm",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the density of a crystal with NaCl-type structure is 3.55 g/cm³, calculate its unit cell lattice constant. A unit cell contains 4 cations and 4 anions, the relative atomic mass of Mg is 24.31, and that of O is 16. The lattice constant is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer, which can be presented as a correct option among multiple choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'4 cations and 4 anions'，但没有明确说明这些离子是什么。虽然题目提供了Mg和O的相对原子质量，但没有明确指出这些离子是否就是Mg和O。这可能导致学生不确定是否应该使用这些原子质量进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目没有明确说明'4 cations and 4 anions'是否就是Mg和O离子。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2411,
|
||
"question": "Based on the calculation results at 700°C and 550°C, find the average bonding energy between sulfur atoms and 12 iron atoms (express the answer in kJ/mol and eV).",
|
||
"answer": "Averaging over these two temperatures yields -ΔG=69 kJ/mol=0.71 eV. If it is approximately assumed that the distortion energy of sulfur atoms at grain boundaries is negligible, then this value can be considered as the bonding energy between sulfur atoms and Fe atoms.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于计算结果找到硫原子与12个铁原子之间的平均键能，并需要以kJ/mol和eV为单位表达答案。解答过程涉及数值计算和单位转换，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算（平均值的计算和单位转换），并涉及概念关联（将自由能变化与键能联系起来）。虽然计算过程不复杂，但需要理解热力学参数之间的关系，并做出合理假设（忽略晶界畸变能）。这超出了简单应用的范围，但尚未达到复杂分析或高级综合的层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解热力学计算（ΔG转换）、单位换算（kJ/mol与eV）以及材料键能概念的综合应用。题目要求考生能够将两个温度下的计算结果进行平均处理，并理解键能概念的物理意义，同时涉及能量单位的转换（1 eV ≈ 96.485 kJ/mol）。虽然题目提供了计算结果的直接选项，但需要考生具备将热力学数据与材料键能关联的能力，并判断假设条件（晶界畸变能忽略）对结果的影响，属于典型的多步骤综合分析问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "69 kJ/mol=0.71 eV",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the calculation results at 700°C and 550°C, what is the average bonding energy between sulfur atoms and 12 iron atoms (express the answer in kJ/mol and eV)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'基于700°C和550°C的计算结果'，但没有提供具体的计算结果数据，这使得学生无法进行必要的计算和单位转换。",
|
||
"missing_info": "700°C和550°C下的具体计算结果数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2415,
|
||
"question": "If the Burgers vector magnitude of a grain boundary dislocation is 0.253nm, what is the misorientation between the two sides of the grain boundary?",
|
||
"answer": "The misorientation between the two grains at the grain boundary is θ = b/D = (0.253 × 10^-9)/(10 × 10^-6) × (180/π) = 1.45 × 10^-3 degrees.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解晶界两侧的取向差，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，即通过已知的Burgers向量大小和晶界间距计算晶界两侧的取向差。虽然需要理解Burgers向量和晶界取向差的概念，但计算过程相对直接，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用单一公式（θ = b/D）并进行简单计算，无需理解多个概念或进行复杂分析。属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.45 × 10^-3 degrees",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the Burgers vector magnitude of a grain boundary dislocation is 0.253nm, what is the misorientation between the two sides of the grain boundary?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少晶界间距（D）的信息，而这是计算晶界取向差（θ）的必要参数。公式θ = b/D中，b（Burgers向量大小）已知，但D未知。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶界间距（D）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2419,
|
||
"question": "Which side does the marker wire in the diffusion couple move towards?",
|
||
"answer": "Because D_Zn > D_Cu, the marker plane moves towards the Cu side.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释扩散偶中标记线的移动方向，答案提供了文字解释和论述，说明移动方向的原因（D_Zn > D_Cu），符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解扩散偶中标记线的移动原理，并应用扩散系数差异（D_Zn > D_Cu）进行分析，属于多步概念关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解扩散偶中标记线的移动原理，并能够比较不同元素的扩散系数（D_Zn和D_Cu）以得出结论。虽然题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，但在选择题型中，正确选项已经提供了明确的结论，减少了部分分析负担。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the Cu side",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which side does the marker wire in the diffusion couple move towards?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (the Cu side) and can be presented as a choice among other plausible options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到扩散偶中标记线的移动方向，但没有提供扩散偶的具体组成或背景信息（如涉及的金属种类、温度条件等），这可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散偶的具体组成（如涉及的金属种类）和实验条件（如温度）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2423,
|
||
"question": "A $C_{5}^{5}$ Fe plate with a thickness of $1.2\\\\pi m m$. One side is carburizing and the other side is decarburizing atmosphere, with surface concentrations of $\\\\mathrm{Pr}(C)=0.01200$ and $1+1(1-)=0.007500$, respectively. At $750-10$, when steady-state diffusion is achieved in the plate, the measured diffusion flux is $1.4\\\\times10^{-8}k g/m^{2}\\\\cdot5$. Find the diffusion coefficient of carbon at this temperature. $\\\\mathrm{{.}_{W}(C)=0.8\\\\%\\\\equiv60k g/m^{3})}$",
|
||
"answer": "First, convert the mass concentration to volume concentration. Since $\\\\begin{array}{r}{w(\\\\mathbf{C})=0,8\\\\%=60\\\\mathrm{kg/m^{3}}}\\\\end{array}$, the volume concentrations of $\\\\mathbb{C}_{1}{=}\\\\mathrm{w}(\\\\mathbb{C})=0,012\\\\%$ and $\\\\mathrm{C_{2}}{=}{}_{\\\\mathrm{W}}(\\\\mathrm{C}){=}0.00750/\\\\$ are: $$ C_{1}=\\\\frac{0.012}{0.8}\\\\times60=0.9\\\\mathrm{kg\\\\cdotm^{-3}}\\\\quad C_{2}=\\\\frac{0.0075}{0.8}\\\\times60=0.5625\\\\mathrm{kg\\\\cdotm^{-3}}$$ This is a one-dimensional steady-state diffusion problem, and the diffusion coefficient does not vary with concentration, so the concentration distribution in the plate is linear. Based on the given data, the concentration gradient in the plate can be calculated: $$ \\\\frac{\\\\mathrm{d}C}{\\\\mathrm{d}x}=\\\\frac{0.5625-0.9}{1.2\\\\times10^{-3}}\\\\mathrm{kg/m^{4}}=-281.25\\\\mathrm{kg/m^{4}}$$ According to the one-dimensional steady-state diffusion equation, the diffusion coefficient is $$ {\\\\cal D}=-J{\\\\frac{\\\\mathrm{d}\\\\mathrm{r}}{\\\\mathrm{d}C}}=1.4\\\\times10^{\\\\mathrm{~8}}\\\\times{\\\\frac{1}{281.25}}\\\\mathrm{m}^{2}/\\\\mathrm{s}=4.98\\\\times10^{-11}\\\\mathrm{m}^{2}/\\\\mathrm{s}$$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解扩散系数，解答过程中涉及浓度转换、浓度梯度计算以及扩散系数的推导，这些都是典型的计算题特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要将质量浓度转换为体积浓度，并应用一维稳态扩散方程进行计算。虽然不涉及复杂的推理分析或机理解释，但需要综合运用多个知识点进行中等难度的应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于高难度题目，需要综合运用多个概念（如浓度转换、稳态扩散、浓度梯度计算等），并进行多步骤的复杂计算。题目涉及的单位转换和公式推导也增加了难度，属于需要深入理解和综合分析的类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.98×10⁻¹¹ m²/s",
|
||
"choice_question": "A C₅⁵ Fe plate with a thickness of 1.2π mm. One side is carburizing and the other side is decarburizing atmosphere, with surface concentrations of Pr(C)=0.01200 and 1+1(1-)=0.007500, respectively. At 750-10, when steady-state diffusion is achieved in the plate, the measured diffusion flux is 1.4×10⁻⁸ kg/m²·5. The diffusion coefficient of carbon at this temperature is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The problem is a calculation question with a definite numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by presenting the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的表面浓度表达式 '1+1(1-)=0.007500' 不明确，难以理解其具体含义。此外，温度描述 '750-10' 也不清晰，可能是打字错误或格式问题。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的表面浓度表达式和温度描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2427,
|
||
"question": "At what temperature can the contribution of grain boundary diffusion be neglected?",
|
||
"answer": "From the data, it can be seen that at 1200K, the difference between Dapp and D1 is already very small, and the special contribution of grain boundary diffusion can be neglected.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释在什么温度下晶界扩散的贡献可以忽略，答案提供了具体的温度（1200K）并解释了原因，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解晶界扩散的贡献及其与温度的关系，并基于数据进行综合分析判断。这涉及多步概念关联和综合分析，而不仅仅是基础概念的记忆或简单应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及对晶界扩散贡献的理解，需要考生掌握扩散系数（Dapp和D1）的概念，并能从数据中分析出温度对晶界扩散贡献的影响。虽然题目提供了具体数据（1200K），但考生仍需具备综合分析能力，判断在何种条件下晶界扩散的贡献可以忽略。这要求考生不仅理解基本概念，还能进行简单的数据分析和逻辑推理。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1200K",
|
||
"choice_question": "At what temperature can the contribution of grain boundary diffusion be neglected?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer provided is a specific temperature (1200K), which can be used as the correct option in a multiple-choice format. The original question can be directly used as the stem for the multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供任何关于晶界扩散贡献可以忽略的具体条件或背景信息，如扩散系数、材料类型或其他相关参数。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该理解晶界扩散的基本概念，但题目中缺少足够的信息来支持为什么1200K是晶界扩散贡献可以忽略的温度。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少关于晶界扩散贡献可以忽略的具体条件或背景信息，如扩散系数、材料类型或其他相关参数。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2428,
|
||
"question": "If the diameter of polyester (PET) carpet fibers is doubled to 100 microns, how much time is required for water, dye, and dye bags to penetrate to the center of the fiber, respectively?",
|
||
"answer": "The penetration depth is 50 microns. The time required for water to penetrate to the center of the fiber is t=(50×10^-6)^2/(2×1.0×10^-12)=1250 s; the time required for dye to penetrate to the center of the fiber is t=(50×10^-6)^2/(2×1.0×10^-13)=12500 s; the time required for dye bags to penetrate to the center of the fiber is t=(50×10^-6)^2/(2×1.0×10^-14)=125000 s.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，即使用扩散方程计算渗透时间。虽然需要理解扩散系数的概念，但整体思维过程较为直接，属于简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算。虽然涉及三个不同的物质（水、染料、染料袋）的渗透时间计算，但每个计算都是基于相同的公式（t = (penetration depth)^2 / (2 × diffusion coefficient)），仅需替换不同的扩散系数值。解题步骤重复且直接，无需复杂的逻辑推理或多公式组合。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1250 s for water, 12500 s for dye, and 125000 s for dye bags",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the diameter of polyester (PET) carpet fibers is doubled to 100 microns, how much time is required for water, dye, and dye bags to penetrate to the center of the fiber, respectively?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is a calculation problem with a specific and deterministic answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct time values as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了水、染料和染料袋的渗透时间计算，但没有提供这些物质的扩散系数值。虽然扩散系数可能是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的知识点，但题目中并未明确说明是否需要学生自行回忆或计算这些值，这可能导致学生在解题时感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "水、染料和染料袋的扩散系数值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2438,
|
||
"question": "Mg2+ diffuses in MgO. What concentration of trivalent cation impurities needs to be added near the melting point of 2800°C to ensure that Mg2+ mainly diffuses via the non-intrinsic vacancy mechanism?",
|
||
"answer": "When the concentration of non-intrinsic vacancies exceeds that of intrinsic vacancies, the non-intrinsic vacancy mechanism becomes the dominant diffusion mechanism. In MgO crystals, the formation enthalpy of Schottky defects is ΔH = 6 eV (as shown in Table 6-2 of the textbook). Thus, the equilibrium concentration of Schottky vacancies at 2800°C is: xv ≈ exp(-ΔHc / 2kBT) = exp(-6 / (2 × 8.62 × 10^-5 × 3073)) = 1.206 × 10^-5. If the non-intrinsic vacancy concentration exceeds this equilibrium intrinsic vacancy concentration, diffusion will primarily occur via the non-intrinsic vacancy mechanism. Now, by adding trivalent cations, every two trivalent cations replacing two Mg2+ ions will generate one cation vacancy. To achieve a non-intrinsic cation vacancy concentration of 1.206 × 10^-5, the required trivalent cation concentration x is: x = 2 × 1.206 × 10^-5 = 2.412 × 10^-5. Therefore, at 2800°C, for Mg2+ in MgO to mainly diffuse via the non-intrinsic vacancy mechanism, the trivalent cation impurity concentration must exceed 2.412 × 10^-5.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，包括计算平衡浓度和杂质浓度，解答过程涉及多个计算步骤和公式推导。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要计算非本征空位浓度并与本征空位浓度比较，同时理解掺杂三价阳离子对空位浓度的影响机制。虽然不涉及复杂的推理分析或创新设计，但需要综合运用热力学公式和缺陷化学知识进行计算和判断。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解非本征空位扩散机制与本征空位浓度的关系，进行多步骤计算（包括平衡浓度计算和杂质浓度换算），并综合分析杂质添加对扩散机制的影响。题目涉及多个材料科学核心概念的综合应用，但计算过程相对明确，属于典型的综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.412 × 10^-5",
|
||
"choice_question": "Mg2+ diffuses in MgO. What concentration of trivalent cation impurities needs to be added near the melting point of 2800°C to ensure that Mg2+ mainly diffuses via the non-intrinsic vacancy mechanism?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的热力学数据或公式（如空位形成能、平衡常数等）来计算非本征空位浓度和杂质浓度。虽然这些数据可能是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的，但题目没有提供任何提示或参考数据，可能导致学生在没有外部参考资料的情况下无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "空位形成能、平衡常数或其他必要的热力学参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2458,
|
||
"question": "The equilibrium melting point of nickel is 172515, the solid phase ρ̄=0.6cm³/1770l, the liquid/solid interface energy y=2.25×10⁻⁵·50⁻⁷. If the radius of the spherical particle is 1cm, how much is the melting point reduced? Assume the molar melting ΔHₘ=[Γ̄Γ̄ḠḠJ†m0]",
|
||
"answer": "The melting point Tᵣ of a crystal with a curvature radius of 1cm is Tᵣ = Tₘ - (2γVₛTₘ)/(rΔHₘ). Substituting the data gives Tᵣ = 1728K - (2×6.6×2.25×10⁻⁵×1728)/(1×18066)K ≈ 1727.99K, ΔT = 0.01K.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解熔点降低的具体数值，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括公式的代入和数值计算，同时需要理解熔化点降低的物理机制和相关的材料科学概念。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或创新应用，但比简单的直接套用公式要复杂一些。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念（如熔点降低公式、界面能、摩尔体积等）并进行多步骤计算。虽然题目提供了所有必要数据，但需要正确代入公式并处理单位换算，涉及中等应用层次的知识综合能力。相比简单概念题或单步计算题，该题目对计算准确性和概念关联性要求更高，但尚未达到复杂多变量计算的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "ΔT = 0.01K",
|
||
"choice_question": "The equilibrium melting point of nickel is 172515, the solid phase ρ̄=0.6cm³/1770l, the liquid/solid interface energy y=2.25×10⁻⁵·50⁻⁷. If the radius of the spherical particle is 1cm, how much is the melting point reduced? Assume the molar melting ΔHₘ=[Γ̄Γ̄ḠḠJ†m0]",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a choice among other plausible but incorrect options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中给出的摩尔熔化焓ΔHₘ的值是一个无法理解的符号组合[Γ̄Γ̄ḠḠJ†m0]，这显然不是一个有效的数值或表达式，导致无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "有效的摩尔熔化焓ΔHₘ的数值或表达式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2475,
|
||
"question": "If two such subgrain boundaries merge to form one new subgrain boundary, by how much does the misorientation increase?",
|
||
"answer": "If two such subgrain boundaries merge to form one new subgrain boundary, the dislocation density at the grain boundary doubles. Since the misorientation is proportional to the dislocation density, the misorientation becomes 2 × 10^-3 radians.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释两个亚晶界合并后取向差的变化，并给出具体的数值结果。答案不仅包含计算部分（2 × 10^-3 radians），还涉及对物理概念（位错密度与取向差的关系）的文字解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解亚晶界合并的机制，并应用位错密度与取向差的关系进行计算。虽然涉及基本概念，但需要多步推理和概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及子晶界合并形成新晶界时的取向差变化，需要掌握位错密度与取向差之间的正比关系，并进行简单的乘法计算。虽然计算步骤不复杂，但需要将两个材料科学概念（晶界合并效应和位错-取向差关系）关联起来才能得出正确结论，这体现了中等应用层次的知识要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2 × 10^-3 radians",
|
||
"choice_question": "If two such subgrain boundaries merge to form one new subgrain boundary, by how much does the misorientation increase?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'such subgrain boundaries'，但没有明确说明具体是哪两种亚晶界或它们的初始取向差信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "初始亚晶界的取向差信息或具体的亚晶界类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2477,
|
||
"question": "How much energy is released before and after the merging?",
|
||
"answer": "The grain boundary energy per unit area after merging is 2θ E0(A - ln2θ), the energy of the two grain boundaries before merging is 2θ E0(A - lnθ), and the relative value of released energy after merging ΔE is ΔE = (2θ E0(A - lnθ) - 2θ E0(A - ln2θ))/(2θ E0(A - lnθ)) = (ln2θ - lnθ)/(0.5 - lnθ) = (ln(2 × 10^-3) - ln10^-3)/(0.5 - ln10^-3) = 9.35%.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案中包含了具体的计算过程和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及公式的应用和推导，需要理解晶界能量变化的概念，并进行综合分析以得出最终的能量释放值。虽然不涉及复杂的机理或创新设计，但需要一定的概念关联和计算能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，要求考生能够理解并应用能量释放的计算公式，同时进行对数运算和百分比计算。虽然计算步骤较多，但在选择题型中，选项提供了明确的公式和计算路径，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "9.35%",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the relative value of released energy after merging ΔE in the given scenario?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question provides a specific numerical answer (9.35%), which can be used as the correct option in a multiple-choice format. The question can be rephrased to focus on the calculation result.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'given scenario'没有具体说明是什么场景，缺少必要的背景信息或条件来理解能量释放的具体情境。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的场景描述或背景信息，例如能量释放前后的具体条件或参数。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2536,
|
||
"question": "Using the Darken-Gurry diagram to analyze elements that may have relatively high solid solubility in Mg",
|
||
"answer": "Possible elements include Cd, Nb, Ti, Ce, Hf, Zr, Am, P, Sc, and lanthanides.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求分析并列举可能具有较高固溶度的元素，需要文字解释和论述，而不是选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求使用Darken-Gurry图来分析元素在Mg中的固溶度，这需要理解Darken-Gurry图的基本原理，并能够将其应用于具体元素的分析。虽然不涉及复杂的计算或深度推理，但需要对多个元素的性质进行综合比较和判断，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目要求使用Darken-Gurry图来分析元素在Mg中的固溶度，这需要学生掌握该图的基本原理和应用方法。其次，正确选项中列出了多个可能的元素，学生需要理解这些元素的原子半径和电负性与Mg的匹配程度，才能做出正确选择。此外，题目涉及的元素种类较多，包括镧系元素和过渡金属等，增加了分析的复杂性。因此，该题目在选择题型中属于需要多角度分析和综合判断的较高难度题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Cd, Nb, Ti, Ce, Hf, Zr, Am, P, Sc, and lanthanides",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the Darken-Gurry diagram, which of the following elements may have relatively high solid solubility in Mg?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard list of elements, which can be presented as options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求使用Darken-Gurry图来分析元素在Mg中的固溶度，但没有提供Darken-Gurry图或相关数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Darken-Gurry图的基本原理，但缺乏具体的图表或数据可能会让部分学生在实际应用中感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Darken-Gurry图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2552,
|
||
"question": "If tension is applied along the [2 3] direction of an aluminum single crystal, determine the initial slip system.",
|
||
"answer": "The aluminum single crystal has an FCC structure, and [2 3] lies within the orientation triangle [001]―[1 1]―[101]. Therefore, the initial slip system is (111)[0 1].",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来确定初始滑移系统，答案提供了详细的解释和结论，没有涉及选择题、判断题或计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解FCC结构的滑移系统，并能够将给定的方向[2 3]定位在标准三角形中，从而确定初始滑移系统。这涉及到多步分析和概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，需要掌握FCC晶体结构的基本知识；其次，需要理解取向三角形概念并能正确应用；最后，需要综合判断[2 3]方向在取向三角形中的位置，并据此确定初始滑移系。这些步骤涉及多个概念的关联和综合分析，超出了简单记忆或单一概念应用的范畴，属于需要多角度分析论述的难度水平。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(111)[0 1]",
|
||
"choice_question": "If tension is applied along the [2 3] direction of an aluminum single crystal, what is the initial slip system?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept related to the initial slip system in an aluminum single crystal, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'初始滑移系统'，但没有提供足够的信息来确定具体的滑移系统。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉FCC结构的滑移系统，但题目没有明确说明是否考虑了温度、应变率或其他可能影响滑移系统选择的因素。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目没有提供关于温度、应变率或其他可能影响滑移系统选择的条件信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2562,
|
||
"question": "If a single crystal of aluminum is stretched along the [2 3] direction, determine the final orientation (stable orientation) of the crystal.",
|
||
"answer": "From (5), it can be seen that the final orientation of the crystal is [1 2].",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定晶体在拉伸后的最终取向，需要基于材料科学原理进行分析和解释，答案给出了具体的取向结果，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解晶体拉伸过程中的取向变化，并应用相关原理进行多步分析和计算，涉及概念关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。题目要求确定铝单晶在特定方向拉伸后的最终取向，这需要深入理解晶体学中的取向概念和拉伸过程中的晶体行为。解题步骤涉及多步计算和概念关联，包括对晶体取向变化的综合分析。此外，题目要求将理论知识与实际应用相结合，进行多角度分析，这在选择题型中属于较为复杂的要求。因此，该题目在选择题型内属于等级4的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "[1 2]",
|
||
"choice_question": "If a single crystal of aluminum is stretched along the [2 3] direction, what is the final orientation (stable orientation) of the crystal?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific orientation ([1 2]), which can be presented as a clear option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于晶体拉伸过程中的具体条件或参数，如拉伸速率、温度等，这些信息可能影响最终的晶体取向。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉这些条件的影响，但题目没有明确说明这些条件是否被忽略或假设为标准条件。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸速率、温度等具体条件或参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2564,
|
||
"question": "Niobium single crystal has a BCC structure, with [2 3] located in the orientation triangle [001]―[1 1]―[101]. What is the initial slip system?",
|
||
"answer": "The initial slip system is (0 1)[111].",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来确定初始滑移系统，答案是一个具体的滑移系统描述，而不是从选项中选择或进行数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解BCC结构的滑移系统，并能够根据给定的晶体取向三角形确定初始滑移系统。这涉及到多步分析和概念关联，需要一定的综合分析能力，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解BCC晶体结构、滑移系统、取向三角形等概念，并进行多步计算和综合分析来确定初始滑移系统。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个知识点的关联和应用，属于中等应用层次的要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(0 1)[111]",
|
||
"choice_question": "Niobium single crystal has a BCC structure, with [2 3] located in the orientation triangle [001]―[1 1]―[101]. What is the initial slip system?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing options including the correct slip system.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'[2 3]'没有明确说明是晶向指数还是其他参数，这可能导致理解上的困惑。此外，题目没有提供足够的背景信息或上下文来解释如何从给定的取向三角形确定初始滑移系统。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的晶向指数解释和如何从取向三角形确定初始滑移系统的具体步骤或背景信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2565,
|
||
"question": "Change the tension in the previous question to compression, determine the initial slip system",
|
||
"answer": "[2 3] is located in the orientation triangle [001]―[1 1]―[101], so the initial slip system is (111)[0 1]",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的条件（改变张力为压缩）和晶体学信息（取向三角形）确定初始滑移系统，需要文字解释和论述，答案形式为具体的滑移系统描述，而非选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求将张力改为压缩并确定初始滑移系统，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析晶体取向和滑移系统的关系，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求将张力改为压缩并确定初始滑移系统，涉及对晶体取向三角形和滑移系统的理解。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但需要考生具备将概念应用于新情境的能力，并进行综合分析。这比单纯记忆概念要难，但比需要多角度分析论述或深度关联性分析的题目要简单。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(111)[0 1]",
|
||
"choice_question": "Change the tension in the previous question to compression, determine the initial slip system. The slip system is located in the orientation triangle [001]―[1 1]―[101]. Which of the following is the initial slip system?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept related to the slip system, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Change the tension in the previous question to compression'，但没有提供前文或上下文信息，使得考生无法理解'previous question'具体指什么，从而难以准确理解题目要求。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前文或上下文信息，特别是'previous question'的具体内容。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2566,
|
||
"question": "Change the tension in the previous question to compression, determine the double slip system",
|
||
"answer": "The double slip system is (111)[0 1]－(1 1)[011]",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定双滑移系统，答案是一个具体的滑移系统组合，需要基于材料科学知识进行解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求将张力条件改为压缩条件，并确定双滑移系统，这需要理解滑移系统的基本原理，并能根据不同的应力条件（张力或压缩）进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂的推理或创新设计，但需要多步思考和概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求将张力改为压缩并确定双滑移系统，涉及对晶体滑移系统的理解和应用，需要综合分析不同滑移系统的可能性。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但需要考生具备一定的材料科学基础知识和计算能力，能够将概念与实际应用相结合。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(111)[0 1]－(1 1)[011]",
|
||
"choice_question": "Change the tension in the previous question to compression, determine the double slip system:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept related to the double slip system, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Change the tension in the previous question to compression'，但没有提供前文或前一个问题，导致做题者无法理解具体的张力条件和上下文背景。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前文或前一个问题的具体内容，包括张力条件和相关背景信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2641,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the linear density in the [-110] direction",
|
||
"answer": "The formula for linear density is K = (4 × r) / l, where r = (√2 × a) / 4, l = √2 × a. Substituting gives K = (4 × (√2 × a / 4)) / (√2 × a) = 1. Therefore, the linear density in the [-110] direction is 1.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，解答过程涉及具体的数学运算和公式代入，最终得出一个数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，需要理解线性密度的定义并正确代入数值进行计算，但不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用给定的线性密度公式，并进行简单的数值代入和计算。解题步骤非常直接，没有涉及多个公式的组合或复杂的概念分析，因此属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级1。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the linear density in the [-110] direction?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算线性密度所需的晶格常数或其他必要的晶体结构参数。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道线性密度的定义和计算方法，但题目没有提供具体的晶体结构或晶格常数，这使得计算无法进行。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数或具体的晶体结构信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2645,
|
||
"question": "An organic compound consists of $\\\\mathbf{\\\\pi}\\\\mathbf{\\\\pi}(\\\\mathbf{C})$ at $62.1\\\\%$, $w(\\\\mathrm{H})$ at $\\\\mathtt{10.3\\\\%}$, and $\\\\boldsymbol{\\\\mathbf{\\\\hat{\\\\rho}}}\\\\mathbf{\\\\hat{\\\\rho}}\\\\mathbf{\\\\hat{\\\\rho}}$ at $27.6\\\\%$. Try to deduce the name of the compound.",
|
||
"answer": "The mole fractions of each component are $$ x_{\\\\mathrm{C}}=\\\\frac{62.1}{12.011}=5.2$$ $$ x_{{\\\\scriptscriptstyle\\\\mathrm{H}}}=\\\\frac{10,3}{1.008}{=}10,2$$ $$ x_{0}=\\\\frac{27\\\\cdot6}{16}=1.7$$ $$ \\\\begin{array}{r l}{\\\\mathrm{~C~}^{:}\\\\mathrm{~H~}^{:}\\\\mathrm{~O}=5.2:10.2:1.7\\\\approx3:6:1\\\\quad}&{{}\\\\mathrm{~H~}\\\\stackrel{\\\\mathrm{~O~}\\\\mathrm{~H~}}{\\\\longrightarrow}\\\\mathrm{C}-\\\\mathrm{C}-\\\\mathrm{H}}\\\\\\\\ {\\\\mathrm{~H~}^{:}\\\\mathrm{~H~}\\\\stackrel{\\\\mathrm{~O~}\\\\mathrm{~H~}}{\\\\longrightarrow}\\\\mathrm{~H~}}&{{}\\\\mathrm{~H~}\\\\stackrel{\\\\mathrm{~H~}}{\\\\longrightarrow}\\\\mathrm{~H~}}\\\\end{array}$$ Therefore, the possible compound is $\\\\mathrm{CH}_{3}\\\\mathrm{COCH}_{3}$ (acetone).",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算和推理推导出化合物的名称，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目需要多步计算（摩尔分数计算、比例简化）和概念关联（元素比例与分子结构的对应关系），但不需要复杂的推理分析或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目要求考生通过百分比计算推导出有机化合物的分子式，这需要熟练掌握元素摩尔质量的计算和比例转换。其次，题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，包括将质量百分比转换为摩尔比，并进一步推导出可能的分子结构。最后，题目要求考生具备综合分析能力，能够将计算结果与已知的有机化合物结构进行匹配。这些步骤在选择题型中较为复杂，需要考生具备较高的知识应用能力和逻辑推理能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "CH3COCH3 (acetone)",
|
||
"choice_question": "An organic compound consists of ππ(C) at 62.1%, w(H) at 10.3%, and O at 27.6%. What is the name of the compound?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard chemical term (acetone), which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中使用了不明确的符号表示元素含量，如'ππ(C)'和'w(H)'，以及无法识别的符号'ρ̂ρ̂ρ̂'来表示氧元素。这些符号在化学中并不常见，且没有解释其含义，导致无法准确理解题目要求。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的元素含量表示方法（如质量百分比或摩尔百分比）以及氧元素的正确符号表示。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2672,
|
||
"question": "If the atomic fraction of Zn dissolved in a Cu crystal is 10%, what is the maximum additional atomic fraction of Sn that can be dissolved?",
|
||
"answer": "1.36=(1(100-10-x3)+2×10+4x3)/100, solving gives x3=8.67, meaning a maximum of 8.67% Sn can be additionally dissolved.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，通过给定的原子分数和公式求解最大可溶解的Sn原子分数。答案是通过具体计算得出的数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算和公式应用，涉及原子分数的计算和溶解度的理解，需要综合分析不同元素在晶体中的溶解行为，并运用数学方法求解。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但比简单的直接套用公式更复杂。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解固溶体原子分数计算的概念，并能够正确设置和求解方程。题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析能力来正确解答。虽然题目给出了正确选项的计算过程，但理解并应用这些步骤仍然需要一定的专业知识。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "8.67%",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the atomic fraction of Zn dissolved in a Cu crystal is 10%, what is the maximum additional atomic fraction of Sn that can be dissolved?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format with the correct option being the calculated percentage.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供计算最大可溶解Sn原子分数所需的公式或相关参数（如溶解度限制、相互作用参数等）。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉这些概念，但题目中未明确说明使用何种方法或公式进行计算，可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算最大可溶解Sn原子分数所需的公式或相关参数（如溶解度限制、相互作用参数等）。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2691,
|
||
"question": "The ionic radii of $\\\\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ and $\\\\mathrm{O}^{2-}$ are $0.051\\\\mathrm{nm}$ and $0.132\\\\mathrm{nm}$ respectively. Determine the coordination number of $\\\\mathbf{Al}_{2}\\\\mathbf{O}_{3}$.",
|
||
"answer": "The ratio of the two ionic radii is $\\\\frac{0.051}{0.132}{=}0.386$. The coordination number (CN) of an ionic crystal depends on the ratio of the cation to anion radii. Referring to the table, when $\\\\frac{r_{+}}{r_{-}}$ is between $0.225\\\\sim0.414$, the CN is 4. The shape of the anion polyhedron is tetrahedral.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算离子半径比并参考表格数据来确定配位数，答案需要文字解释和论述，而非简单的选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及离子半径比的计算和查表确定配位数，属于基本公式应用和直接套用已有知识，不需要复杂的分析或综合。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次。题目要求考生根据给定的离子半径比值直接查表确定配位数，涉及的知识点较为基础，解题步骤简单直接，仅需进行简单的计算和查表操作。不需要复杂的推理或多步骤分析，因此难度较低。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the ionic radii of $\\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ and $\\mathrm{O}^{2-}$ are $0.051\\mathrm{nm}$ and $0.132\\mathrm{nm}$ respectively, what is the coordination number of $\\mathbf{Al}_{2}\\mathbf{O}_{3}$?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value (4) derived from a standard calculation and reference to a known table of ionic radius ratios and coordination numbers, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Al2O3的配位数，但未提供离子半径比与配位数之间的对应关系表或说明。虽然材料科学专业学生可能熟悉这一知识点，但题目中未明确提示是否需要记忆这一关系，可能导致部分学生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "离子半径比与配位数之间的对应关系表或说明"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2716,
|
||
"question": "Assuming the vacancy concentration at T1 is negligible compared to T2, calculate the equilibrium vacancy concentration Cv at 1020℃.",
|
||
"answer": "Cv = ΔV0/V0 - ΔVa/Va = 3 × (ΔL/L - Δa/a) = (0.012% - 3 × 4 × 10^-4%) = 1 × 10^-4.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及公式应用和概念关联（如空位浓度与温度的关系），需要综合分析题目给出的条件（T1和T2的温度差异）并正确应用公式进行计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合理解空位浓度与温度的关系，并正确应用公式进行计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要理解多个物理量的含义及其相互关系，并进行精确的计算步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1 × 10^-4",
|
||
"choice_question": "Assuming the vacancy concentration at T1 is negligible compared to T2, what is the equilibrium vacancy concentration Cv at 1020℃?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了T1和T2的温度差异，但没有提供具体的温度值或相关公式，这使得计算无法进行。",
|
||
"missing_info": "T1和T2的具体温度值或相关公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2727,
|
||
"question": "Indicate the nature types of the three dislocations in the dislocation reaction $$ \\frac{a}{2}[10\\overline{{{1}}}] + \\frac{a}{6}[\\overline{{{1}}}21] \\rightarrow \\frac{a}{3}[11\\overline{{{1}}}] $$?",
|
||
"answer": "Referring to the Thompson tetrahedron, this dislocation reaction corresponds to $\\begin{array}{r l r l r l r l r l}{{\\bf C}{\\bf A}}&{{}}&{+}&{{}{\\bf a}{\\bf C}}&{}&{{}\\searrow}&{}&{{\\bf a}{\\bf A}}\\end{array}$",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释位错反应的性质类型，并参考Thompson四面体进行说明。答案提供了详细的文字解释和图示说明，属于需要文字论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及位错反应的分析，需要理解Thompson四面体的应用，以及位错类型的识别和反应过程的解释。这需要综合运用材料科学中的位错理论，进行推理分析和机理解释，属于较高层次的认知能力要求。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目要求考生不仅掌握Thompson四面体的复杂符号系统，还需要理解位错反应的能量和几何条件，并能将抽象的位错反应符号与具体的晶体学概念对应起来。这需要考生具备：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Referring to the Thompson tetrahedron, this dislocation reaction corresponds to $\\begin{array}{r l r l r l r l r l}{{\\bf C}{\\bf A}}&{{}}&{+}&{{}{\\bf a}{\\bf C}}&{}&{{}\\searrow}&{}&{{\\bf a}{\\bf A}}\\end{array}$",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following corresponds to the nature types of the three dislocations in the dislocation reaction $$ \\frac{a}{2}[10\\overline{{{1}}}] + \\frac{a}{6}[\\overline{{{1}}}21] \\rightarrow \\frac{a}{3}[11\\overline{{{1}}}] $$ according to the Thompson tetrahedron?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept related to the Thompson tetrahedron, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Thompson tetrahedron，但没有提供相关的图示或详细说明，这对于不熟悉Thompson四面体符号系统的学生可能会造成困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Thompson tetrahedron的图示或详细符号说明"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2735,
|
||
"question": "If this stress determines the shear strength of the material, to achieve a strength value of $\\\\frac{G}{100}$, and given that $G=50\\\\mathrm{GPa}$, $a=0.36\\\\mathrm{nm}$, what should the value of $D$ be?",
|
||
"answer": "According to $\\\\overline{\\\\tau} = \\\\frac{G}{100}$, substituting $\\\\overline{\\\\tau} = \\\\frac{Gb}{D}$ yields $D = 100b$. The Burgers vector $b = \\\\frac{a\\\\sqrt{3}}{2} = \\\\frac{0.36\\\\times10^{-9}\\\\times\\\\sqrt{3}}{2} \\\\approx 3.12\\\\times10^{-10}\\\\mathrm{m}$, therefore $D = 100\\\\times3.12\\\\times10^{-10} = 3.12\\\\times10^{-8}\\\\mathrm{m}$.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解D的值，答案中包含了具体的计算步骤和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括公式应用和数值计算，涉及Burgers向量的计算和材料强度的关联分析，需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解剪切强度与位错间距的关系，进行多步计算（包括Burgers矢量计算和单位换算），并正确应用材料科学中的基本公式。虽然不涉及复杂变量，但需要综合应用多个概念才能得出正确答案。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.12×10⁻⁸ m",
|
||
"choice_question": "To achieve a shear strength value of G/100, where G=50 GPa and a=0.36 nm, what should the value of D be?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了剪切强度与位错间距的关系，但没有提供具体的公式或关系式来连接G、a和D。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉相关公式，但题目中未明确说明使用哪个公式，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少连接G、a和D的具体公式或关系式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2737,
|
||
"question": "The average distance between nodes of the entangled three-dimensional dislocation network in a copper single crystal is $D$. Calculate the stress $\\overline{\\tau}$ required for dislocation multiplication.",
|
||
"answer": "The stress $\\overline{\\tau}$ required for dislocation multiplication can be calculated by the formula $\\overline{\\tau} = \\frac{Gb}{D}$, where $G$ is the shear modulus and $b$ is the Burgers vector of the dislocation.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的公式进行数值计算，解答过程涉及具体的物理量计算和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目要求直接应用公式$\\overline{\\tau} = \\frac{Gb}{D}$进行计算，属于基本公式的直接套用，不需要多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需直接套用单一公式 $\\overline{\\tau} = \\frac{Gb}{D}$ 进行计算，无需额外的概念理解或步骤组合。属于最基础的公式应用层级，符合等级1的定义（单一公式直接计算）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "$\\overline{\\tau} = \\frac{Gb}{D}$",
|
||
"choice_question": "The stress $\\overline{\\tau}$ required for dislocation multiplication in a copper single crystal with an average distance between nodes of the entangled three-dimensional dislocation network $D$ is given by:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific formula, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了铜单晶中纠缠的三维位错网络的平均节点距离D，但没有提供剪切模量G和伯格斯矢量b的值。这些参数是计算应力τ所必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆或熟悉的知识点。",
|
||
"missing_info": "剪切模量G和伯格斯矢量b的值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2740,
|
||
"question": "To achieve homogeneous nucleation at 2045K, by how much must the atmospheric pressure be increased? Given the volume change during solidification ΔV= -0.26 cm^3/mol (1J=9.87×10^6 cm^3·Pa)",
|
||
"answer": "For homogeneous nucleation to occur at 1726K, an undercooling of 319°C is required. To achieve this, the pressure must be increased to raise the solidification temperature of pure nickel from 1726K to 2045K: dP/dT=ΔH/TΔV. Integrating this equation: ∫1.013×10^5^P dP=∫1726^2045 ΔH/TΔV dT P-1.013×10^5=ΔH/ΔV ln2045/1726=18075/0.26×9.87×10^5×ln2045/1726=116366×10^5(Pa). Thus, when P=116366×10^5-1.013×10^5=116365×10^5(Pa), homogeneous nucleation can occur at 2045K.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用（如dP/dT=ΔH/TΔV的积分计算）来确定需要增加的大气压力值，最终给出具体的数值结果。这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括公式应用和积分运算，同时需要理解相变热力学中的Clausius-Clapeyron方程及其在凝固过程中的应用。虽然涉及一定的综合分析，但整体上仍属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于高难度，题目涉及多步骤的复杂计算和概念的综合应用。需要理解并应用热力学公式（dP/dT=ΔH/TΔV），进行积分计算，同时处理单位转换（1J=9.87×10^6 cm^3·Pa）。此外，还需要综合分析温度变化对压力需求的影响，并进行精确的对数运算。这些步骤在选择题型中属于较高层次的认知要求，需要较强的计算能力和概念关联能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "116365×10^5 Pa",
|
||
"choice_question": "To achieve homogeneous nucleation at 2045K, by how much must the atmospheric pressure be increased? Given the volume change during solidification ΔV= -0.26 cm^3/mol (1J=9.87×10^6 cm^3·Pa)",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于相变焓（ΔH）的信息，这是应用Clausius-Clapeyron方程进行积分计算所必需的关键参数。虽然题目提供了温度（2045K）和体积变化（ΔV= -0.26 cm^3/mol），但没有给出ΔH的值，这使得无法完成所需的计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "相变焓（ΔH）的值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2753,
|
||
"question": "The [001] direction in a cubic crystal is",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从给定的选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项字母形式给出 | 知识层次: 题目考查对立方晶体中[001]方向的基本概念的记忆和理解，属于基础概念记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别和回忆立方晶体中[001]方向的定义即可作答，无需复杂理解或辨析步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "The [001] direction in a cubic crystal is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, so it can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少选项信息，无法判断[001]方向的具体含义或正确选项的内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2754,
|
||
"question": "In the hexagonal crystal system, the interplanar spacing of (11-20) plane is (1010) plane spacing.",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项A作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查六方晶系中晶面间距的计算，属于基本公式的直接应用，无需多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单难度。题目直接考察六方晶系中晶面间距的基本公式应用，只需正确选择并套用公式即可得出答案，无需复杂计算或变形步骤。知识层次为简单应用，符合等级2的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the hexagonal crystal system, the interplanar spacing of (11-20) plane is (1010) plane spacing.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "原题目已经是单选题格式，可以直接转换。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了(11-20)平面和(1010)平面的间距关系，但没有提供具体的晶格常数（a和c）或其他必要的参数来计算或比较这两个平面的间距。虽然六方晶系的晶面间距公式是专业学生应该掌握的，但缺少具体的晶格参数使得题目无法直接应用公式进行计算或比较。",
|
||
"missing_info": "六方晶系的晶格常数（a和c）或其他必要的参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2755,
|
||
"question": "In a crystal, the defect formed by creating a vacancy while simultaneously generating an interstitial atom is called",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查晶体缺陷的基本概念和分类，属于定义和基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，此题属于基础概念记忆，仅需识别并回忆晶体缺陷的定义和分类。题目直接考察对\"Frenkel defect\"这一术语的记忆，无需复杂理解或分析，属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a crystal, the defect formed by creating a vacancy while simultaneously generating an interstitial atom is called",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了正确选项是B，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断选项B对应的具体术语是什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容，特别是选项B对应的术语。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2758,
|
||
"question": "The twinning plane of a face-centered cubic crystal is",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（C） | 知识层次: 题目考查面心立方晶体孪晶面的基本概念记忆，属于晶体学中的基础定义性知识，不需要复杂的分析或计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然考查的是基础概念记忆（面心立方晶体的孪晶面），但需要学生对晶体结构有一定理解才能准确选择正确选项。相比纯粹的定义记忆题（等级1），此题需要学生对晶面类型进行简单辨析，但不需要复杂的分析过程（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "The twinning plane of a face-centered cubic crystal is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "原题目已经是单选题格式，可以直接转换。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少选项信息，学生无法从给定的题目中选择正确答案。",
|
||
"missing_info": "选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2762,
|
||
"question": "The condition for an alloy to develop constitutional supercooling during solidification is . (where $T_{\\\\ L}$ is the solidification start temperature of the alloy with composition $C_{\\\\mathrm{L}}$)",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项A作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查合金凝固过程中成分过冷的条件判断，需要理解凝固温度与成分的关系，并综合分析相关参数的影响，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要理解合金凝固过程中的多个概念（如固相线温度、成分过冷条件等），并能够将这些概念关联起来进行综合分析判断。题目要求考生不仅掌握基础概念，还需要进行多步计算和逻辑推理才能得出正确结论，这超出了简单记忆或单一概念应用的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "The condition for an alloy to develop constitutional supercooling during solidification is . (where $T_{\\ L}$ is the solidification start temperature of the alloy with composition $C_{\\mathrm{L}}$)",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it directly convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了选项A作为正确选项，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断选项A的具体含义及其正确性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2763,
|
||
"question": "The driving force for atomic diffusion is",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查原子扩散驱动力的基本概念记忆，属于材料科学中最基础的定义性知识，不需要复杂的分析或应用。 | 难度: 该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别\"原子扩散驱动力\"这一简单概念的定义即可作答。在选择题型中属于直接记忆类题目，无需理解或辨析过程，符合等级1的简单概念识别标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "The driving force for atomic diffusion is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少选项信息，使得做题者无法选择正确答案。虽然题目考查的是原子扩散驱动力的基本概念记忆，但没有提供选项会让人感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "选项信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2764,
|
||
"question": "When a critical nucleus forms, the reduction in volume free energy can only compensate for the surface energy by ",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查的是关于临界核形成时体积自由能和表面能之间关系的基本概念记忆，属于对基本原理的理解和记忆性知识。 | 难度: 该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，主要考察对临界核形成时体积自由能与表面能关系的理解。虽然需要一定的概念理解，但选项直接指向基本原理，不需要复杂的分析或比较，因此在选择题型中属于中等偏下难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "When a critical nucleus forms, the reduction in volume free energy can only compensate for the surface energy by",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'critical nucleus'、'volume free energy'和'surface energy'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，这使得做题者无法理解题目要求选择什么。虽然题目考察的是对临界核形成时体积自由能与表面能关系的理解，但缺少选项内容会严重影响做题者的答题过程。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2765,
|
||
"question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker drift is the diffusion couple's ",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项形式给出（C） | 知识层次: 题目考查Kirkendall效应的基本概念和原因，属于对基本原理的记忆和理解。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏下难度，需要理解Kirkendall效应的基本原理和标记漂移的原因，但不需要进行复杂的比较分析或深度推理。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker drift is the diffusion couple's",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The given question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'扩散对'（diffusion couple's），但没有明确说明扩散对的具体组成或特性，这可能导致学生无法准确理解题目所指的具体情境。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散对的具体组成或特性"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2767,
|
||
"question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence of",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案形式为选项字母（A） | 知识层次: 题目考查对铸铁和碳钢之间差异的基础概念记忆，仅需识别铸铁中特有的元素存在即可回答，属于定义性知识范畴 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需识别和记忆基础概念（铸铁与碳钢的区别在于某种成分的存在），属于直接记忆性知识，无需复杂理解或分析步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence of",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了铸铁和碳钢的区别在于某种成分的存在，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断哪个选项是正确的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2768,
|
||
"question": "The effective distribution coefficient $K_{i}$ represents the degree of mixing in the liquid phase, and its value range is . (where $K_{\\circ}$ is the equilibrium distribution coefficient)",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查对有效分布系数$K_{i}$的定义及其取值范围的基本概念记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，要求考生记住有效分配系数的定义及其取值范围。虽然需要理解概念，但不需要进行复杂的分析或比较，属于概念理解和简单辨析的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "The effective distribution coefficient $K_{i}$ represents the degree of mixing in the liquid phase, and its value range is . (where $K_{\\circ}$ is the equilibrium distribution coefficient)",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了有效分布系数$K_{i}$的取值范围，但没有给出具体的选项内容，使得考生无法判断哪个选项是正确的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2769,
|
||
"question": "In a binary alloy phase diagram, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be applied in",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，并且提供了选项（B）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对杠杆规则应用条件的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等偏下难度。虽然需要理解杠杆法则的应用条件，但题目仅要求识别该法则适用的特定区域（两相区），属于基础概念的直接应用。不需要复杂的分析或计算，只需记住杠杆法则的基本适用条件即可正确作答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a binary alloy phase diagram, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be applied in",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it directly convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了杠杆规则的应用，但没有明确指出在二元合金相图中的哪个区域可以应用该规则。虽然对于材料科学专业的学生来说，这是基础知识点，但题目本身缺少明确的应用区域描述，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "杠杆规则可以应用的具体区域（如两相区）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2770,
|
||
"question": "According to the vertical section of a ternary phase diagram, one can",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项字母形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查对三元相图垂直截面图的基本理解和记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅考察对三元相图垂直截面基本功能的记忆性知识，属于最基础的概念识别层级。学生只需直接回忆教材定义即可作答，无需任何理解或分析过程。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the vertical section of a ternary phase diagram, one can",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly treated as a single-choice question. The correct option is provided as 'B'.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'三元相图垂直截面图'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得题目不完整，无法进行选择。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2771,
|
||
"question": "In a ternary phase diagram, the isothermal section of a three-phase region is always a connected triangle, with its vertices touching",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项A作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对三元相图中三相区等温截面形状的基本概念记忆，属于定义和基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，此题属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别和回忆三元相图中三相区的等温截面特征。题目直接考察定义性知识，无需理解或辨析，属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a ternary phase diagram, the isothermal section of a three-phase region is always a connected triangle, with its vertices touching",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a single-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'with its vertices touching'，但没有明确说明顶点接触的是什么（如单相区、两相区或其他特定区域），这可能导致学生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "顶点接触的具体区域或对象"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2772,
|
||
"question": "In the ternary composition triangle, alloys whose compositions lie on the have equal contents of the two components represented by the other two vertices. (A) The perpendicular bisector passing through the vertex of the triangle (B) Any straight line passing through the vertex of the triangle (C) A straight line passing through the vertex of the triangle and forming a $45^{\\circ}$ angle with the opposite side",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项（A、B、C）中选择正确答案，符合选择题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目考查对三元相图中特定组成线的基本概念的理解和记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，但需要考生理解三元相图中通过顶点的垂直平分线的定义及其含义。虽然题目直接考察定义，但需要一定的概念理解和简单辨析能力，因此属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the ternary composition triangle, alloys whose compositions lie on the have equal contents of the two components represented by the other two vertices.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a single-choice format, with a clear correct option provided.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'三元组成三角形'和'通过三角形顶点的垂直平分线'，但没有提供具体的三元相图或相关图示，这可能会让不熟悉三元相图的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少三元相图或相关图示，以明确展示通过顶点的垂直平分线。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2779,
|
||
"question": "According to Fick's first law, calculate the influx J (atoms/m²s) of carbon atoms entering the steel in the near-surface region.",
|
||
"answer": "J=−D(Δρ/Δx)=−(2.98×10⁻¹¹)×(−8.23×10^29)=2.45×10^19 at/(m²s)",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据Fick's first law进行数值计算，并给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查菲克第一定律的直接应用，仅需套用公式进行简单计算，不涉及多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及单一公式（Fick's first law）的直接套用和简单计算，无需多个公式组合或复杂分析，属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.45×10^19 at/(m²s)",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to Fick's first law, what is the influx J (atoms/m²s) of carbon atoms entering the steel in the near-surface region?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据Fick's first law计算碳原子进入钢的近表面区域的通量J，但没有提供必要的参数如扩散系数D、浓度梯度dc/dx等。这些参数是计算所必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的基础知识。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散系数D和浓度梯度dc/dx"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2787,
|
||
"question": "If w(C)=0.3% is specified as the measure of carburization layer thickness, how many times is the carburization layer thickness after 10h at 930°C compared to that after 10h at 870°C?",
|
||
"answer": "x₉₃₀/x₈₇₀=√(D₉₃₀t₉₃₀)/√(D₈₇₀t₈₇₀). Since t₉₃₀=t₈₇₀, D₉₃₀=1.67×10^(-7)(cm²/s), D₈₇₀=0.2×exp(-140000/(8.314×1143))=8.0×10^(-8)(cm²/s). Therefore, x₉₃₀/x₈₇₀=√(D₉₃₀)/√(D₈₇₀)=√(1.6×10^(-7)/7.9×10^(-8))=1.45.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，涉及扩散系数和时间的平方根关系，最终得出一个具体的数值结果。答案中展示了详细的计算步骤和公式应用，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括扩散系数的计算和比较，以及应用扩散定律公式。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或创新应用，但需要理解扩散过程的基本原理并进行数值计算，属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解扩散系数与温度的关系，并进行多步计算和综合分析。题目涉及多个概念（如扩散系数、时间、温度）的关联，且需要正确应用公式进行计算。虽然题目提供了部分数据，但仍需考生具备一定的综合分析能力来推导最终答案。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.45",
|
||
"choice_question": "If w(C)=0.3% is specified as the measure of carburization layer thickness, how many times is the carburization layer thickness after 10h at 930°C compared to that after 10h at 870°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer (1.45), which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于扩散系数与温度关系的具体公式或数据，如阿伦尼乌斯方程中的活化能或前置因子，这些信息对于计算不同温度下的扩散系数是必要的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些概念，但题目没有提供足够的信息来直接应用这些知识点进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散系数与温度关系的具体公式或数据（如活化能或前置因子）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2790,
|
||
"question": "If the depth of the diffusion layer is doubled, how much time is required?",
|
||
"answer": "From the relation x=A√(Dt), we have x₁=A√(Dt₁) and x₂=A√(Dt₂). Dividing the two equations gives (x₂²)/(x₁²)=(Dt₂)/(Dt₁). When the temperature is the same, D₁=D₂, thus t₂=(x₂²)/(x₁²)×t₁=(0.1²)/(0.05²)×1.0×10^4=4.0×10^4 s.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来解决问题，答案中包含了具体的计算步骤和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，即通过给定的扩散方程进行数值计算，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单公式应用计算难度。题目直接给出了相关公式x=A√(Dt)，并明确要求计算时间变化。解题步骤仅需简单套用公式并进行一次平方运算和除法计算，无需复杂的推导或多步骤分析。虽然涉及单位换算(10^4s)，但计算过程直接明了，属于基础层面的公式应用。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.0×10^4 s",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the depth of the diffusion layer is doubled, how much time is required?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的初始条件或参数，如初始扩散层深度、扩散系数D或常数A的值，这些信息是计算时间变化所必需的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "初始扩散层深度、扩散系数D或常数A的值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2796,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the diffusion activation energy Q1 of polycrystalline silver at 700°C (based on the given data).",
|
||
"answer": "From the equation -10.72-(-12) = -Q_1/R (1.10×10^-3 -1.30×10^-3) lge, the solution gives Q_1 = 122.4 kJ",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的数据和公式进行数值计算，最终得出扩散激活能Q1的具体数值。答案展示了计算过程和最终结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用扩散激活能的计算公式，并进行多步计算和单位转换，涉及对Arrhenius方程的理解和运用，属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解扩散激活能的概念，掌握阿伦尼乌斯方程的应用，并能正确进行多步数学运算（包括对数运算和单位转换）。题目涉及温度转换（700°C需转为绝对温度）、方程变形和综合计算能力，但作为选择题，正确答案已经给出了关键计算步骤，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "122.4 kJ",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the diffusion activation energy Q1 of polycrystalline silver at 700°C (based on the given data). The correct value is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'based on the given data'，但没有提供任何数据或公式来计算扩散激活能Q1。这导致无法进行任何计算或验证答案的正确性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少计算扩散激活能Q1所需的原始数据或公式，例如扩散系数、温度依赖关系或其他相关参数。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2797,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-Ti at 500℃",
|
||
"answer": "Using the formula lgD500=lgD0-Q/(2.3×R)×1/T=lg(2.62×10^-4)-175.9×10^3/(2.3×8.314×773)=-3.58-11.90=-15.48, thus D500≈3.31×10^-16 m^2/s.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过公式计算碳在α-Ti中的扩散系数，答案涉及数值计算和公式应用，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用扩散系数的计算公式，涉及多步计算（包括对数运算和单位转换），并且需要理解温度对扩散系数的影响以及相关参数的物理意义。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或创新应用，但比简单的直接套用公式更复杂。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解扩散系数的计算公式，掌握对数运算和单位转换，并能正确代入温度、活化能等参数进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了公式和部分参数，但仍需要较强的综合分析能力和计算准确性才能得出正确结果。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.31×10^-16 m^2/s",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the diffusion coefficient of carbon in α-Ti at 500℃?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算碳在α-Ti中的扩散系数，但没有提供必要的参数如活化能或频率因子，这些参数是计算扩散系数所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道这些参数，但题目中未明确给出，可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "活化能（Q）和频率因子（D0）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2814,
|
||
"question": "A nickel-based alloy sample with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test, and the results are shown in the table below. Calculate its yield strength σ0.2.",
|
||
"answer": "σ0.2 can be obtained from the stress-strain curve of the tensile test, which is 1000 MPa.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算得出镍基合金的屈服强度σ0.2，需要应用材料力学中的应力-应变关系和相关公式进行计算。答案给出了具体的数值结果（1000 MPa），这表明解答过程涉及数值计算而非简单的选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据拉伸试验结果计算屈服强度σ0.2，这属于基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用基本公式（σ0.2的定义）并读取给定数据（1000 MPa），无需额外计算或复杂步骤。属于单一公式直接应用的简单题型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1000 MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "A nickel-based alloy sample with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test. What is its yield strength σ0.2?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到拉伸试验的结果显示在表格中，但表格并未提供。缺少表格中的具体数据（如应力-应变数据）使得无法计算屈服强度σ0.2。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸试验结果表格中的具体数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2819,
|
||
"question": "There is a nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm. The tensile test results are shown in the table below. Calculate its tensile strength σb.",
|
||
"answer": "σb = 127600 / (10 × 10 × 10^-6) = 1.276 GPa",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解镍基合金试样的拉伸强度σb，答案也是一个具体的数值计算结果。 | 知识层次: 题目仅涉及基本的拉伸强度公式应用和简单计算，无需多步推理或综合分析 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用基本公式（σb = F/A）并进行简单的单位换算和计算，无需复杂的分析或多步骤推理。属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.276 GPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "A nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm undergoes a tensile test. The tensile strength σb is calculated to be:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到拉伸测试结果在表格中显示，但没有提供具体的表格数据，导致无法计算拉伸强度σb。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸测试结果表格中的具体数据（如最大载荷F）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2820,
|
||
"question": "It is known that the porosity of sintered $\\\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ is $5\\\\%$, and its $E=370\\\\mathrm{GPa}$. If another sintered $\\\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ has $E=270\\\\mathrm{GPa}$, find its porosity.",
|
||
"answer": "The relationship between the $\\\\pmb{E}$ of ceramic materials and their pore volume fraction $\\\\varphi$ can be expressed by the following equation: $$E=E_{\\\\circ}(1-1.9\\\\varphi+0.9\\\\varphi^{2})$$where $E_{0}$ is the elastic modulus of the material without pores. Substituting the known conditions into the above equation, we obtain $$E_{\\\\circ}={\\\\frac{E}{1-1.9{\\\\varphi}+0.9{\\\\varphi}^{2}}}={\\\\frac{370\\\\times10^{\\\\vartheta}}{1-1.9\\\\times0.05+0.9\\\\times(0.05)^{2}}}=407.8({\\\\mathrm{GPa}})$$$$270\\\\times10^{9}=407.8\\\\times10^{9}(1-1.9\\\\varphi_{1}+0.9\\\\varphi_{1})$$Thus, $\\\\varphi_{1}=19.61\\\\%$",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要通过数值计算和公式应用来求解孔隙率，答案展示了具体的计算过程和公式推导，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用给定的公式进行多步计算，涉及数值代入和求解过程，需要理解孔隙率与弹性模量之间的关系，并进行适当的数学运算。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或创新应用，但比简单的直接套用公式更复杂。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解弹性模量与孔隙率的关系公式，并进行多步计算。题目要求考生首先根据已知条件求解无孔隙材料的弹性模量，然后再利用该值计算新的孔隙率。虽然计算步骤较多，但公式明确且无需复杂推导，因此在选择题型内属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "19.61%",
|
||
"choice_question": "It is known that the porosity of sintered $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ is $5\\%$, and its $E=370\\mathrm{GPa}$. If another sintered $\\mathrm{Al}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}$ has $E=270\\mathrm{GPa}$, what is its porosity?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a definite numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by providing the correct option and distractor options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供弹性模量与孔隙率之间的具体关系公式，这对于计算孔隙率是必要的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉这一关系，但题目并未明确说明或提供公式，可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "弹性模量与孔隙率之间的具体关系公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2821,
|
||
"question": "A nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test, and the results are shown in the table below. Calculate its elastic modulus E.",
|
||
"answer": "E = (86200 / (10 × 10 × 10^-6)) / ((40.2 - 40) / 40) = 172.4 GPa",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解弹性模量E，答案也是通过具体的计算步骤得出的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目要求应用基本公式（弹性模量计算公式）进行直接计算，涉及简单的数值代入和单位转换，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算难度。虽然需要应用弹性模量的基本公式E = (F/A) / (ΔL/L)，但解题步骤相对直接，仅涉及简单的单位转换和代数运算。不需要多个公式组合或复杂的概念分析，符合等级2的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "172.4 GPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "A nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test, and the results are shown in the table below. Calculate its elastic modulus E.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'results are shown in the table below'，但没有提供表格数据，导致无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸试验结果表格中的数据（如力F和伸长量ΔL）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2822,
|
||
"question": "A nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test, and the results are shown in the table below. Calculate its elongation δ.",
|
||
"answer": "δ = (50.2 - 40) / 40 = 25.5%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算伸长率δ），需要应用公式并得出具体数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，涉及简单的伸长率计算，属于直接套用公式的简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用伸长率的基本公式进行计算，无需额外的概念理解或复杂步骤。题目提供了所有必要的数据，且计算过程简单直接，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "25.5%",
|
||
"choice_question": "A nickel-based alloy specimen with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm and a length of 40mm was subjected to a tensile test, and the results are shown in the table below. What is its elongation δ?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a definite numerical answer, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'results are shown in the table below'，但没有提供具体的表格数据，导致无法计算伸长率δ。",
|
||
"missing_info": "拉伸试验结果表格中的数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2824,
|
||
"question": "Given that the glass transition temperature of polyethylene is $T_{\\\\mathrm{g}}=-68~\\\\mathrm{^\\\\circ C}$, that of polyoxymethylene is $\\\\mathcal{T}_{\\\\varepsilon}=-83^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{C}$, and that of polydimethylsiloxane is $T_{\\\\mathrm{{s}}}=-128^{\\\\circ}\\\\mathrm{{C}}$, analyze the general relationship between the flexibility of polymer chains and their $T_{\\\\mathfrak{s}}$.",
|
||
"answer": "The repeating unit structure of polyethylene is: —CH2—CH2—; the repeating unit structure of polyoxymethylene is: —$\\\\mathbf{CH_{3}}$—O—, and the repeating unit structure of polydimethylsiloxane is: —Si$\\\\mathbf{CH_{3}}$$\\\\mathbf{CH_{3}}$—O—. Since the internal rotation of the Si—O bond is easier than that of the C—O bond, and the internal rotation of the C—O bond is easier than that of the C—C bond, the easier the internal rotation, the better the flexibility of the molecular chain. It can thus be concluded that as flexibility increases, the temperature $T_{g}$ decreases.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求分析聚合物链的柔韧性与玻璃化转变温度之间的关系，并提供文字解释和论述。答案中包含了详细的分子结构分析和逻辑推理，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求分析聚合物链柔性与玻璃化转变温度之间的关系，涉及多个聚合物结构的比较和内部旋转能力的分析。需要理解聚合物链柔性的影响因素，并将这些因素与玻璃化转变温度的变化联系起来。虽然不需要复杂的计算或深度推理，但需要综合多个概念进行解释，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求分析聚合物链的柔韧性与玻璃化转变温度（Tg）之间的关系，涉及对不同聚合物重复单元结构的理解、内部旋转难易程度的比较，以及这些因素如何影响分子链的柔韧性和Tg。此外，还需要综合这些信息得出结论，属于多角度分析论述的层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The easier the internal rotation, the better the flexibility of the molecular chain, and as flexibility increases, the temperature $T_{g}$ decreases.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the glass transition temperatures of polyethylene ($T_{\\mathrm{g}}=-68~\\mathrm{^\\circ C}$), polyoxymethylene ($\\mathcal{T}_{\\varepsilon}=-83^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$), and polydimethylsiloxane ($T_{\\mathrm{{s}}}=-128^{\\circ}\\mathrm{{C}}$), which of the following best describes the general relationship between the flexibility of polymer chains and their $T_{\\mathfrak{s}}$?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer provides a clear, standard explanation of the relationship between polymer chain flexibility and glass transition temperature, which can be effectively converted into a multiple-choice format with a single correct option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中使用了不同的符号表示玻璃化转变温度（$T_{\\mathrm{g}}$、$\\mathcal{T}_{\\varepsilon}$、$T_{\\mathrm{{s}}}$、$T_{\\mathfrak{s}}$），这可能导致学生对哪个符号代表玻璃化转变温度感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目应明确统一使用一个符号（如$T_{\\mathrm{g}}$）来表示玻璃化转变温度，以避免符号混淆。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2849,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the shear strength τ of 40 steel, given that the shear modulus of Fe is G=7.9×10^4 MPa, the lattice constant of α-Fe is a=0.28 nm, and the average spacing of Fe3C particles is λ=41.2 μm.",
|
||
"answer": "τ = (G * b) / λ = (G * (√3/2) * a) / λ = (7.9×10^4 * (√3/2) * 0.28×10^-3) / 41.2 = 0.465 MPa",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，涉及给定的参数和公式推导，最终得出一个具体的数值结果。答案展示了完整的计算过程和最终结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及剪切强度公式的应用、晶格常数和粒子间距的转换，以及数值计算。虽然公式直接给出，但需要理解各参数的含义并进行单位转换和计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解剪切强度、剪切模量、晶格常数和粒子间距等多个概念，并进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目提供了公式和具体数值，但计算过程涉及单位转换和数学运算，对学生的概念掌握和计算能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.465 MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the shear strength τ of 40 steel, given that the shear modulus of Fe is G=7.9×10^4 MPa, the lattice constant of α-Fe is a=0.28 nm, and the average spacing of Fe3C particles is λ=41.2 μm. The shear strength τ is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer, which can be presented as the correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算剪切强度τ所需的公式或关系式。虽然给出了剪切模量G、晶格常数a和Fe3C粒子平均间距λ，但没有说明如何利用这些参数计算τ。对于材料科学硕士研究生来说，虽然可能知道相关理论，但题目中未明确给出公式或推导步骤，可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "计算剪切强度τ的公式或关系式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2886,
|
||
"question": "In a eutectic reaction of the Mg-Ni system, let C1 be the hypoeutectic alloy and C2 be the hypereutectic alloy. The total amount of α in alloy C1 is 2.5 times that in alloy C2. Determine the compositions of C1 and C2.",
|
||
"answer": "Let the total amount of α in C1 be α1, then: α1=(54.6-C1)/54.6 Let the total amount of α in C2 be α2, then: α2=(54.6-C2)/54.6 According to the given condition, α1=2.5α2, that is: (54.6-C1)/54.6=2.5*(54.6-C2)/54.6 Substituting C2=54.6-1.323C1 into the above equation, we can solve for: C1=w(Ni)=12.7% C2=w(Ni)=37.8%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要通过数值计算和公式应用来解决问题，答案给出了具体的计算过程和最终数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要运用杠杆定律进行合金成分计算，并通过建立方程求解未知数。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但需要综合理解和应用相图知识。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解共晶反应、亚共晶和过共晶合金的概念，并运用杠杆定律进行多步计算。题目要求建立两个合金中α相含量的关系式，并通过代数运算求解成分，涉及综合分析和计算能力。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但推导过程需要较强的概念关联和计算能力，在选择题型中属于较复杂的计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C1=w(Ni)=12.7%, C2=w(Ni)=37.8%",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a eutectic reaction of the Mg-Ni system, let C1 be the hypoeutectic alloy and C2 be the hypereutectic alloy. The total amount of α in alloy C1 is 2.5 times that in alloy C2. Determine the compositions of C1 and C2.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The problem is a calculation question with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by presenting the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供Mg-Ni系统的共晶点成分和α相的成分范围，这些信息对于运用杠杆定律计算合金成分是必要的。虽然这些知识点可能属于材料科学专业学生应该掌握的内容，但题目中未明确给出这些关键数据，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Mg-Ni系统的共晶点成分和α相的成分范围"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2890,
|
||
"question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-0.5%Cu and there is no convection in the liquid, calculate the temperature gradient required to maintain a planar solid-liquid interface.",
|
||
"answer": "G≥(m w0 R(1-k0))/(D k0)=(320×0.005×3×10^-4×(1-0.16))/(3×10^-5×0.16)=84℃/cm",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案给出了具体的计算过程和结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及公式应用和参数代入，需要理解温度梯度与合金成分、扩散系数等参数之间的关系，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解合金凝固理论中的多个关键概念（如成分过冷、溶质分配系数等），并正确应用公式进行多步骤计算。题目要求将理论知识与具体参数代入相结合，且计算过程涉及单位换算和负号处理，在选择题型中属于需要较强综合分析能力的题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "84℃/cm",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-0.5%Cu and there is no convection in the liquid, what is the temperature gradient required to maintain a planar solid-liquid interface?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the data from the previous question'，但没有提供前一个问题的数据或相关信息，这可能导致学生无法获取解题所需的关键参数或背景信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前一个问题的数据或相关信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2891,
|
||
"question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-2%Cu and there is no liquid convection, calculate the interface temperature at the beginning of solidification",
|
||
"answer": "T=T0-m(w0/k0)=660.37-320×(0.02/0.16)=620.37℃",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案是一个具体的计算结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，仅需理解公式中各参数的含义并进行数值代入计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用单一公式进行计算（T=T0-m(w0/k0)），无需额外的理解或组合多个公式。题目提供了所有必要的数据，解题步骤简单直接，属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "620.37℃",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-2%Cu and there is no liquid convection, the interface temperature at the beginning of solidification is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'using the data from the previous question'，但没有提供前一个问题或相关数据，这使得解题者无法获取必要的计算参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前一个问题中的数据或相关计算参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2897,
|
||
"question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-0.5%Cu and there is no liquid convection, calculate the interface temperature at the beginning of solidification",
|
||
"answer": "T=T0-m(w0/k0)=660.37-320×(0.005/0.16)=650.37℃",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，答案是通过具体计算得出的数值结果 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，仅需理解并套用给定的公式即可得出结果。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求直接套用给定的公式（T=T0-m(w0/k0)）进行计算，无需额外的步骤或复杂的分析。学生只需正确代入数值并执行简单的算术运算即可得出答案。因此，在选择题型内，该题目的难度较低，属于等级1。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "650.37℃",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the data from the previous question, assuming the alloy composition is Al-0.5%Cu and there is no liquid convection, what is the interface temperature at the beginning of solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'using the data from the previous question'，但没有提供前一个问题的数据或相关信息，这可能导致学生无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前一个问题的数据或相关信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2937,
|
||
"question": "A sample composed of three components is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in air to study its phase transformation with temperature changes. The maximum number of coexisting phases that can be recorded is .",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（C） | 知识层次: 题目考查对相律（Gibbs Phase Rule）这一基础概念的记忆和理解，属于材料科学中最基本的相平衡原理知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需直接回忆X射线衍射（XRD）分析中相变研究的基本原理，即吉布斯相律（Gibbs Phase Rule）在开放系统中的简单应用。题目无需复杂分析或概念辨析，仅需记住在空气环境下（开放系统）最大共存相数的定义即可选出正确答案。因此属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "A sample composed of three components is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in air to study its phase transformation with temperature changes. The maximum number of coexisting phases that can be recorded is .",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, making it convertible to a single-choice question by retaining the correct option and the question text.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了一个正确选项 'C'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，这使得做题者无法理解选项 'C' 代表什么，从而无法判断其正确性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容，例如选项A、B、C、D分别代表什么数值或概念。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2939,
|
||
"question": "The Peierls-Nabarro force for dislocation slip is smaller.",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项形式给出（A） | 知识层次: 题目考查Peierls-Nabarro力的基本概念记忆，属于定义和基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆，仅需识别和回忆Peierls-Nabarro力的定义及其与位错滑移的关系，无需复杂理解或分析步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "The Peierls-Nabarro force for dislocation slip is smaller.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly treated as a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'The Peierls-Nabarro force for dislocation slip is smaller'，但没有明确说明是与什么相比更小，缺少比较对象的关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "比较对象（例如：与其他力相比、在不同条件下等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2942,
|
||
"question": "During the nucleation stage of solidification, only when the radius of the nucleus equals or exceeds the critical size can it become a crystallization core. When the formed nucleus has a radius equal to the critical size, the free energy change of the system is",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项A作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对凝固过程中临界核尺寸和系统自由能变化的基本概念的理解和记忆，属于基础概念层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及基础概念记忆，但需要理解临界尺寸与自由能变化之间的关系，而不仅仅是简单的定义记忆。学生需要掌握成核阶段的基本原理，并能够将临界尺寸与系统自由能变化联系起来。这比单纯的概念识别（等级1）要求更高，但不需要复杂的分析或比较（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "During the nucleation stage of solidification, only when the radius of the nucleus equals or exceeds the critical size can it become a crystallization core. When the formed nucleus has a radius equal to the critical size, the free energy change of the system is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目提到了自由能变化，但没有提供具体的选项内容，这使得学生无法判断哪个选项是正确的。虽然题目提供了正确选项是A，但缺乏其他选项的对比信息，这会影响学生对题目理解的完整性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容（除了选项A之外的其他选项）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2968,
|
||
"question": "In $\\\\mathrm{Ti}\\\\Omega_{2}$, when a portion of $\\\\mathrm{^{\\\\circ}Ti^{\\\\circ}}$ is reduced to $\\\\mathrm{Ti^{3+}}$, to balance the charge, there appears \\n\\n(A) oxygen ion vacancy (B) titanium ion vacancy (C) cation vacancy",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项（A、B、C）中选择正确答案 | 知识层次: 题目涉及电荷平衡和缺陷化学的基本原理，需要理解Ti3+的形成如何影响晶格中的电荷平衡，并推断出氧空位的形成。这需要将多个概念关联起来进行综合分析，而不仅仅是记忆基础概念或进行简单应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先需要理解TiΩ2的晶体结构以及Ti3+的形成机制，其次要分析电荷平衡的原理，最后需要判断哪种缺陷类型能够补偿电荷变化。这个过程涉及晶体缺陷化学、氧化还原反应和电荷守恒等多个概念的关联分析，解题步骤较为复杂，属于需要综合分析判断的题目类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "oxygen ion vacancy",
|
||
"choice_question": "In $\\mathrm{Ti}\\Omega_{2}$, when a portion of $\\mathrm{^{\\circ}Ti^{\\circ}}$ is reduced to $\\mathrm{Ti^{3+}}$, to balance the charge, there appears",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中使用了化学式$\\mathrm{Ti}\\Omega_{2}$，但$\\Omega$在化学中通常不代表任何已知元素或官能团，这可能导致学生对材料化学式的理解产生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "正确的化学式或对$\\Omega$的解释"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2970,
|
||
"question": "From the symmetry of the repeating structural unit (mer) of polymers, the one that is most prone to crystallization is",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从多个选项中选择最易结晶的聚合物重复结构单元，答案以选项字母形式给出 | 知识层次: 题目考查对聚合物结构对称性与结晶倾向之间关系的基础概念记忆和理解，属于基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目考察的是基础概念记忆（聚合物结构单元的对称性与结晶倾向的关系），但需要考生理解对称性对结晶的影响这一基本原理，并进行简单辨析。相比直接记忆定义（等级1），该题目要求更高一层的概念理解。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "From the symmetry of the repeating structural unit (mer) of polymers, the one that is most prone to crystallization is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly treated as a single-choice question. The correct option is provided as 'B'.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'From the symmetry of the repeating structural unit (mer) of polymers, the one that is most prone to crystallization is'，但没有提供具体的聚合物重复结构单元选项或描述，使得做题者无法进行选择。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的聚合物重复结构单元选项或描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2972,
|
||
"question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker shift in a diffusion couple is",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项标记（C）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查Kirkendall效应的基本原理和原因，属于基础概念的记忆和理解。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏下难度，需要理解Kirkendall效应的基本原理和标记物移动的原因，但不需要进行复杂的概念区分或深度分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker shift in a diffusion couple is",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'正确选项: C'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法知道选项C具体是什么内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容，特别是选项C的具体描述。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2973,
|
||
"question": "When forming a critical nucleus, the decrease in volume free energy can only compensate for the surface energy by",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查对临界核形成过程中体积自由能和表面能补偿关系的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念层次。 | 难度: 该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，考察的是对临界核形成过程中自由能与表面能关系的理解。虽然需要一定的概念理解，但选项直接指向基本原理，不需要复杂分析或概念区分，属于选择题型中中等偏下的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "When forming a critical nucleus, the decrease in volume free energy can only compensate for the surface energy by",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'临界核形成过程中体积自由能和表面能的补偿关系'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断哪个选项是正确的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2975,
|
||
"question": "In substitutional solid solutions, the mode of atomic diffusion is generally",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项标记（C）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查的是置换固溶体中原子扩散方式的基本概念记忆，属于材料科学中最基础的知识点之一，不需要复杂的分析或计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别\"substitutional solid solutions\"中原子的扩散方式这一简单概念。题目直接考察定义性知识，无需理解或辨析过程，属于最基础的选择题难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "In substitutional solid solutions, the mode of atomic diffusion is generally",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The given question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly treated as a single-choice question. The correct option is provided as 'C'.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'In substitutional solid solutions, the mode of atomic diffusion is generally'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，这使得做题者无法判断选项C的正确性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2977,
|
||
"question": "In binary phase diagrams, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be used in",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项形式给出（B） | 知识层次: 题目考查对杠杆规则应用条件的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等偏下难度。虽然需要理解杠杆法则的基本原理和应用条件，但题目仅要求识别该法则的使用范围（两相区），属于概念理解和简单辨析层面。不需要进行复杂计算或多概念交叉分析，因此难度低于需要深度理解的题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "In binary phase diagrams, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be used in",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了杠杆规则用于计算两种相的相对量，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断哪个选项是正确的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2978,
|
||
"question": "Network polymers cannot exhibit",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且答案以选项形式给出（C） | 知识层次: 题目考查对网络聚合物基本特性的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，仅需识别网络聚合物不能表现的性质，属于直接记忆性知识，无需复杂分析或概念辨析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "Network polymers cannot exhibit",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "原题目已经是单选题格式，可以直接转换。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少选项信息，无法判断网络聚合物不能表现的性质是什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2980,
|
||
"question": "In the concentration equilateral triangle of a ternary phase diagram, for alloys whose composition lies on , the content of the two components represented by the other two vertices is equal. (A) The perpendicular bisector passing through the vertex of the triangle (B) Any straight line passing through the vertex of the triangle (C) A straight line passing through the vertex of the triangle and forming a $45^{\\\\circ}$ angle with the opposite side",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项（A、B、C）中选择正确答案，符合选择题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目考查对三元相图等浓度三角形中成分线的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆，但需要考生理解三元相图中等边三角形的几何特性，并能够正确识别垂直于对边的中线与通过顶点的其他直线的区别。这要求考生不仅记住定义，还需要进行简单的几何概念辨析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The perpendicular bisector passing through the vertex of the triangle",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the concentration equilateral triangle of a ternary phase diagram, for alloys whose composition lies on , the content of the two components represented by the other two vertices is equal.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question format without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少对'composition lies on'的具体描述，即合金成分位于哪条线上。虽然选项提供了可能的线，但题目本身没有明确指出需要选择的是哪条线，这可能导致考生对题目要求的理解不明确。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目中缺少对'composition lies on'的具体描述，即合金成分位于哪条线上。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2981,
|
||
"question": "According to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, as pressure increases, the temperature at which Y-Fe transforms into $\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}\\\\mathsf{\\\\Gamma}$",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案（答案：B），符合选择题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目考查Clausius-Clapeyron方程的基本应用，需要理解方程的含义并直接套用公式来判断温度变化趋势，属于简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需直接套用Clausius-Clapeyron方程的基本公式，无需进行公式变形或多步骤计算。题目要求考生根据压力增加对相变温度的影响做出简单判断，属于基础知识的直接应用，符合等级2的简单公式选择和应用标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "According to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, as pressure increases, the temperature at which Y-Fe transforms into $\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}\\mathsf{\\Gamma}$",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的Y-Fe转化为Γ-Fe的相变温度变化，但Γ-Fe的表示方式异常（多个Γ符号重复），这可能导致学生无法明确理解题目所指的具体相变过程。",
|
||
"missing_info": "明确的相变终点（Γ-Fe的正确表示）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 2986,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the carburizing time t, given x=0.2 cm, D=3.12 × 10^-7 cm²/s.",
|
||
"answer": "t = (x/(2 × 0.71))² / D = (0.2/(2 × 0.71))² / (3.12 × 10^-7) = 17.7 hours.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解碳化时间，答案也是通过具体的计算步骤得出的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，无需多步推理或综合分析，属于对扩散方程的直接套用和数值计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用单一公式进行计算，解题步骤简单明确，属于最基础的难度等级。学生只需掌握基本公式并正确代入数值即可得出答案，无需进行复杂的分析或多步骤推理。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "17.7 hours",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the carburizing time t, given x=0.2 cm, D=3.12 × 10^-7 cm²/s.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation problem has a definite numerical answer, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少碳化时间计算所需的初始和最终碳浓度信息，这是解题的关键参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "初始碳浓度（C0）和表面碳浓度（Cs）或最终碳浓度（Cx）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3000,
|
||
"question": "What are the usage states corresponding to these mechanical states?",
|
||
"answer": "(5)Plastic; (6)Rubber; (7)Flow resin",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释机械状态对应的使用状态，答案需要文字描述而非选择或计算 | 知识层次: 题目考查对材料在不同机械状态下对应使用状态的基础概念记忆，如塑性、橡胶态和流动树脂态，属于定义和分类的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基本定义简答的难度等级。题目仅要求考生记忆并匹配机械状态与对应的使用状态（塑料、橡胶、流动树脂），属于基础概念记忆层次，无需复杂推理或分析。正确选项直接对应定义，解题步骤简单明了。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(5)Plastic; (6)Rubber; (7)Flow resin",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following are the usage states corresponding to these mechanical states?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard set of terms, which can be presented as options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'这些机械状态'，但没有明确说明具体是什么机械状态，导致做题者无法准确理解题目所指的具体内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的机械状态描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3008,
|
||
"question": "Engineering polymers can be divided into five major types based on performance: (1), for example: (2) belongs to the (3) category, for example (4) belongs to the (5) category, for example (6) belongs to the (7) category, for example (8) belongs to the (9) category, for example (10) belongs to the (11) category.",
|
||
"answer": "(1)plastics, rubber, fibers, adhesives, coatings; (2)polyamide; (3)plastics; (4)styrene-butadiene rubber; (5)rubber; (6)polyester fiber; (7)fibers; (8)epoxy adhesive; (9)adhesives; (10)phenolic resin coating; (11)coatings",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求填写具体的分类和例子，需要文字解释和论述，而不是从选项中选择或判断对错。答案的形式也是具体的文字描述，而非计算或选择。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查对工程聚合物分类的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识，不涉及复杂的应用或分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及多个分类和具体例子，但每个空格的答案都是直接对应的基础概念记忆内容，不需要复杂的推理或分析。学生只需记住工程聚合物的五大分类及其代表性材料即可正确作答。题目结构清晰，解题步骤相对简单，属于概念解释和描述的难度层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "polyamide",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following belongs to the plastics category of engineering polymers?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question lists examples of different types of engineering polymers, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question by focusing on one category and providing options. The correct option is identified from the original answer.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了工程聚合物的五大分类及其代表性材料，但没有提供具体的分类名称或例子，这使得学生无法直接回答问题。虽然题目要求学生填写具体的分类和例子，但缺乏必要的背景信息或提示，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "工程聚合物的五大分类名称及其代表性材料的具体信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3044,
|
||
"question": "What are the main bonding types of these compounds?",
|
||
"answer": "(6) Covalent bond; (7) Ionic bond",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释化合物的主要键合类型，答案以文字形式给出，需要简要描述不同类型的键合方式，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对化合物主要键合类型（共价键和离子键）的基本概念记忆和分类理解，属于基础概念记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求识别和记忆化合物的主要键合类型（共价键和离子键），属于基础概念记忆层次。题目直接给出了正确选项，无需复杂的分析或推理步骤，因此属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Covalent bond; Ionic bond",
|
||
"choice_question": "What are the main bonding types of these compounds?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'这些化合物'，但没有明确说明具体是哪些化合物，导致学生无法确定具体的键合类型。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的化合物名称或示例"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3149,
|
||
"question": "Given the density of amorphous polyethylene ρa=0.854 g/cm³, and the density of typical commercial low-density polyethylene ρ=0.920 g/cm³, calculate the volume fraction of the crystalline region φc",
|
||
"answer": "The volume fraction of the crystalline region φc = (ρ - ρa) / (ρc - ρa) = (0.92 - 0.854) / (1.01 - 0.854) ≈ 42.3%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的密度数据和公式进行数值计算，最终得出结晶区域的体积分数，属于典型的计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查基本公式的应用和简单计算，涉及密度和体积分数的直接套用，无需多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目提供了所有必要的参数（ρa, ρ, ρc），并直接要求套用给定的公式进行计算。学生只需要正确代入数值并执行简单的算术运算即可得出答案，无需额外的分析或推导步骤。因此，在选择题型内，该题目属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "42.3%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the density of amorphous polyethylene ρa=0.854 g/cm³, and the density of typical commercial low-density polyethylene ρ=0.920 g/cm³, the volume fraction of the crystalline region φc is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation yields a specific numerical answer (42.3%), which can be presented as a single correct option among multiple choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少结晶区域聚乙烯的密度（ρc）这一关键参数，而这是计算体积分数φc所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道如何查找或估算这一数值，但题目并未提供，导致信息不完整。",
|
||
"missing_info": "结晶区域聚乙烯的密度（ρc）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3172,
|
||
"question": "Two positive edge dislocations on the same slip plane, with Burgers vector b and separated by a distance L, when L is much larger than the magnitude of the Burgers vector, what is the total energy?",
|
||
"answer": "When the two edge dislocations are far apart, the total energy equals the sum of their individual energies, regardless of whether they are like or unlike dislocations, given by W=W1+W2=2αGb2",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释两个刃位错在特定条件下的总能量，答案提供了理论解释和公式应用，需要文字论述而非简单选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对位错能量基本公式的直接应用，仅需简单计算和套用公式，无需多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需直接套用基本公式进行计算。题目明确给出了两个刃位错的总能量等于各自能量之和的条件，且不需要复杂的分析或比较。因此，在选择题型中属于较低难度，符合等级2的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2αGb2",
|
||
"choice_question": "Two positive edge dislocations on the same slip plane, with Burgers vector b and separated by a distance L, when L is much larger than the magnitude of the Burgers vector, what is the total energy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific formula, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'α'和'G'这两个参数，但没有给出它们的定义或数值。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道'G'代表剪切模量，但'α'的定义可能因教材或上下文而异，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "参数'α'的定义和'G'的具体数值或定义"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3176,
|
||
"question": "Indicate the radius of the region that accounts for half of the energy (r0=1nm, R=1cm)",
|
||
"answer": "Let the radius of the region accounting for half of the dislocation energy be r, Wr/W1=ln(r/r0)/ln[(1×10^-2)/r0]=ln[r/(1×10^-9)]/ln[(1×10^-2)/(1×10^-9)]=1/2. Solving gives r=10^-5.5=10^-6×10^0.5=3.16×10^-6m=3.16μm.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解特定半径的值，答案展示了具体的计算过程和结果。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和公式应用，需要理解位错能量的分布概念并进行对数运算求解，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解位错能量分布的概念，掌握对数运算和单位换算，并进行多步骤的综合计算。虽然题目提供了关键公式，但解题过程涉及多个数学操作和物理概念的关联应用，对学生的综合分析能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.16μm",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the radius of the region that accounts for half of the energy (r0=1nm, R=1cm)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer to the calculation problem is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'region that accounts for half of the energy'，但没有明确说明能量的分布模型或相关公式，这使得学生无法确定如何计算该半径。虽然题目提供了r0和R的值，但缺乏能量分布的具体描述或公式，导致解题条件不完整。",
|
||
"missing_info": "能量分布的具体模型或相关公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3416,
|
||
"question": "Explain the meaning of the steel grade 3Cr2W8",
|
||
"answer": "3Cr2W8V is a hot extrusion die steel with wc=0.3%, wcr=2.5%, ww=8%, and wv=0.3%",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释钢材牌号3Cr2W8的含义，答案提供了详细的成分说明和用途描述，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对钢材牌号命名规则的基本概念记忆和理解，需要解释各元素符号和数字的含义，属于基础概念记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求记忆并识别3Cr2W8V钢的基本成分和用途，属于基础概念记忆的简单题目。不需要复杂的分析或推理，只需直接回忆定义即可作答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3Cr2W8V is a hot extrusion die steel with wc=0.3%, wcr=2.5%, ww=8%, and wv=0.3%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following correctly describes the steel grade 3Cr2W8?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of the steel grade, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的钢材牌号3Cr2W8在正确选项中变成了3Cr2W8V，缺少了关于V元素的解释和说明，这可能导致学生困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "题目中没有解释为什么正确选项中出现了V元素，而原始题目中没有提到V元素。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3424,
|
||
"question": "Which of these elements can form infinite solid solutions with Fe? What are the conditions?",
|
||
"answer": "Manganese, nickel, and cobalt can form infinite solid solutions with γ-Fe. Whether alloying elements expand or contract the γ region mainly depends on factors such as their lattice type, atomic size, electronic structure, and electrochemical properties.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释哪些元素可以与Fe形成无限固溶体，并说明条件，需要文字解释和论述，而不是从选项中选择或判断对错。 | 知识层次: 题目不仅需要记忆哪些元素能与γ-Fe形成无限固溶体，还需要理解并解释形成条件（如晶格类型、原子尺寸、电子结构等），涉及多个概念的关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要考生掌握γ-Fe的晶体结构特性，理解无限固溶体的形成条件，并能综合分析合金元素对γ相区的影响因素（晶格类型、原子尺寸、电子结构等）。题目不仅考察单一知识点，还要求将多个材料科学概念关联起来进行判断，属于多角度分析论述的层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Manganese, nickel, and cobalt can form infinite solid solutions with γ-Fe. Whether alloying elements expand or contract the γ region mainly depends on factors such as their lattice type, atomic size, electronic structure, and electrochemical properties.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following elements can form infinite solid solutions with γ-Fe, and what are the conditions?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard and specific statement that can be used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the correct elements and conditions.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'γ-Fe'，但没有明确说明γ-Fe的晶体结构特性或相关背景信息，这可能会让不熟悉该术语的学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "γ-Fe的晶体结构特性或相关背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3519,
|
||
"question": "Please indicate the type of cast iron and heat treatment method that should be used for plowshares, and why?",
|
||
"answer": "Plowshare: white cast iron.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释和论述适合犁铧的铸铁类型和热处理方法及其原因，需要文字解释而非选择、判断或计算 | 知识层次: 题目要求选择铸铁类型和热处理方法，并解释原因。这需要理解不同铸铁的特性及其应用场景，以及热处理方法对性能的影响。虽然涉及基础概念，但需要将多个知识点关联起来进行综合分析，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求考生不仅知道不同类型的铸铁及其特性，还需要理解不同应用场景下材料的选择依据。此外，题目还涉及热处理方法的考虑，这需要考生将材料特性与实际应用需求进行关联分析。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但考生仍需具备一定的综合分析能力才能做出正确选择。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "white cast iron",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which type of cast iron should be used for plowshares?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (white cast iron), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "原始题目要求解释和论述适合犁铧的铸铁类型和热处理方法及其原因，而转换后的选择题仅询问铸铁类型，没有涉及热处理方法及其原因的解释。这可能导致考生困惑，因为题目没有提供足够的信息来全面回答问题。",
|
||
"missing_info": "热处理方法及其原因的解释"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3550,
|
||
"question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence or absence of ( )",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项（A）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对铸铁和碳钢之间基本差异的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单难度，仅需直接记忆铸铁和碳钢的基本区别（是否存在特定元素），无需理解或分析复杂概念。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "The difference between cast iron and carbon steel lies in the presence or absence of ( )",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了铸铁和碳钢的区别在于某种元素的存在与否，但没有明确说明具体是哪种元素。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道铸铁和碳钢的主要区别在于碳含量，但题目中未明确提及这一点，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体是哪种元素的存在与否（例如碳含量）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3556,
|
||
"question": "When a critical nucleus forms, the decrease in volume free energy can only compensate for ( ) of the surface energy.",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项（B）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对临界核形成时体积自由能和表面能关系的基本概念记忆，属于基础概念的理解层面，不需要复杂的计算或分析。 | 难度: 该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，考察的是对临界核形成时体积自由能与表面能量关系的理解。虽然需要理解这两个概念之间的关系，但题目仅要求选择能够补偿表面能量的部分，属于概念理解和简单辨析的范畴，不需要复杂的分析或比较。因此，在选择题型中属于中等难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "When a critical nucleus forms, the decrease in volume free energy can only compensate for ( ) of the surface energy.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question without modification.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了选项（B）作为答案，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法理解题目要求选择的具体内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3557,
|
||
"question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker drift is ( ) in the diffusion couple.",
|
||
"answer": "C",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项和对应的答案选项\"C\" | 知识层次: 题目考查Kirkendall效应的基本概念和原因的记忆，属于基础概念记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别Kirkendall效应的基本定义和原因。题目直接考察对\"marker drift\"主要原因的记忆，不需要复杂理解或辨析，符合等级1的简单概念识别标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the Kirkendall effect, the main reason for marker drift is ( ) in the diffusion couple.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly used as a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'正确选项: C'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断选项C具体代表什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容（如选项A、B、C、D的具体描述）。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3559,
|
||
"question": "In a binary phase diagram, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be applied in ().",
|
||
"answer": "B",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项（B）作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对二元相图中杠杆规则应用条件的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，考察对杠杆规则应用条件的直接记忆。虽然需要理解杠杆规则的基本原理，但题目仅要求识别正确应用场景，无需复杂分析或概念区分，属于概念理解和简单辨析的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "B",
|
||
"choice_question": "In a binary phase diagram, the lever rule for calculating the relative amounts of two phases can only be applied in ().",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it directly convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了杠杆规则的应用条件，但没有提供具体的选项内容，使得做题者无法判断选项B的具体含义。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3560,
|
||
"question": "In the concentration triangle of a ternary phase diagram, alloys whose compositions lie on the () have equal contents of the two components represented by the other two vertices.",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了选项A作为答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对三元相图浓度三角形中特定组成线的基本概念记忆，只需识别等含量线的基本定义即可作答，不涉及计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单难度，仅需直接记忆三元相图中浓度三角形的定义即可选出正确答案，无需复杂理解或分析步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "In the concentration triangle of a ternary phase diagram, alloys whose compositions lie on the () have equal contents of the two components represented by the other two vertices.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, which can be directly treated as a single-choice question. The correct option is provided as 'A'.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'正确选项: A'，但没有提供具体的选项内容，导致做题者无法知道选项A具体是什么。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少选项A的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3563,
|
||
"question": "When the deformed material is heated up again, recovery and recrystallization phenomena occur, then the significant decrease in point defect concentration happens during ().",
|
||
"answer": "A",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，且提供了多个选项（虽然只显示了选项A，但题目结构表明这是选择题） | 知识层次: 题目考查对材料科学中恢复和再结晶过程中点缺陷浓度变化的基础概念记忆和理解，属于基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别和回忆点缺陷浓度显著降低发生的阶段（恢复和再结晶现象）。无需复杂辨析或深度理解，属于直接记忆性知识。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "A",
|
||
"choice_question": "When the deformed material is heated up again, recovery and recrystallization phenomena occur, then the significant decrease in point defect concentration happens during ().",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it convertible to a single-choice question without any modifications needed.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了选项A是正确选项，但没有提供其他选项供选择，这会让做题者无法进行完整的比较和判断。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少其他选项（B、C、D等）的信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3576,
|
||
"question": "Using the densities and atomic weights, calculate the number of atoms per cubic centimeter in lead.",
|
||
"answer": "3.3 × 10^22 atoms/cm^3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过密度和原子量计算铅中每立方厘米的原子数，需要数值计算和公式应用，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目要求使用给定的密度和原子量进行简单的数值计算，属于基本公式的直接应用，不需要多步计算或复杂的概念关联。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，需要学生掌握密度的基本概念和原子量的计算，并能够直接套用公式进行计算。虽然涉及多个步骤（如密度转换为质量，再转换为原子数），但每一步都是直接的公式应用，没有复杂的推理或分析过程。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.3 × 10^22 atoms/cm^3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the densities and atomic weights, what is the number of atoms per cubic centimeter in lead?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the densities and atomic weights'，但没有提供具体的密度和原子量数值。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道铅的密度和原子量，但题目中并未明确说明是否需要学生自行记忆这些数值，这可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铅的密度和原子量的具体数值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3577,
|
||
"question": "Using the densities and atomic weights, calculate the number of atoms per cubic centimeter in lithium.",
|
||
"answer": "4.63 × 10^22 atoms/cm^3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过密度和原子量计算锂的每立方厘米原子数，需要数值计算和公式应用，答案也是具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用密度和原子质量的基本公式进行计算，属于直接套用公式的简单计算过程，不涉及多步计算或复杂概念关联。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算难度。虽然需要运用密度和原子质量的基本公式进行计算，但解题步骤较为直接，仅需套用公式并进行单位转换即可得出结果。相比单一公式直接计算的等级1题目，本题需要稍多的理解和应用能力，但不需要多个公式组合或复杂分析，因此属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.63 × 10^22 atoms/cm^3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the densities and atomic weights, what is the number of atoms per cubic centimeter in lithium?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer, which can be directly used as the correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the densities and atomic weights'，但没有提供具体的密度和原子量数值，这些是解题的必要数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "锂的密度和原子量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3578,
|
||
"question": "Using data, calculate the number of iron atoms in one ton (2000 pounds).",
|
||
"answer": "9.79 × 10^{27} atoms/ton",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铁原子的数量），并给出了具体的数值答案（9.79 × 10^{27} atoms/ton），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，涉及单位转换和原子数量的计算，属于直接套用基本公式的简单应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算。虽然需要将质量单位从吨转换为克，并使用阿伏伽德罗常数进行计算，但整个过程仅涉及基本公式的直接套用和单位转换，无需复杂的推理或多步骤分析。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "9.79 × 10^{27} atoms/ton",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using data, calculate the number of iron atoms in one ton (2000 pounds).",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算铁原子的数量，但没有提供铁的摩尔质量或原子量，这是计算所需的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道铁的原子量，但题目并未明确说明是否需要学生自行记忆或提供这一数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铁的摩尔质量或原子量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3579,
|
||
"question": "Using data, calculate the volume in cubic centimeters occupied by one mole of boron.",
|
||
"answer": "4.7 cm^{3}",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算硼的摩尔体积），答案是一个具体的数值（4.7 cm³），需要使用公式和数据来完成计算 | 知识层次: 题目要求进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，涉及摩尔体积的计算，属于直接套用基本公式的简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求计算一摩尔硼的体积，只需应用密度公式（体积=质量/密度）并进行简单单位换算即可得出答案。由于题目提供了所有必要数据且无需复杂推导或组合多个公式，解题步骤直接明了，符合等级1的定义。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.7 cm^{3}",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using data, calculate the volume in cubic centimeters occupied by one mole of boron.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using data'，但没有提供具体的硼的密度或质量数据，这使得材料科学硕士研究生无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "硼的密度或质量数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3580,
|
||
"question": "In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 200 in.^2 with a 0.002 in. thick layer of nickel, how many atoms of nickel are required?",
|
||
"answer": "5.98 x 10^23 atoms",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，涉及表面面积、厚度和原子数量的计算，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括计算镍的体积、质量、摩尔数，最后转换为原子数，涉及多个概念和公式的综合应用，但不需要复杂的推理分析或创新设计。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要综合运用多个概念并进行多步计算。题目要求计算镀镍层所需的原子数量，涉及表面面积、厚度、密度、摩尔质量和阿伏伽德罗常数等多个概念的综合应用。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要将单位换算、体积计算、质量转换和原子数量计算等多个步骤串联起来，属于典型的综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "5.98 x 10^23 atoms",
|
||
"choice_question": "In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 200 in.^2 with a 0.002 in. thick layer of nickel, how many atoms of nickel are required?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少镍的密度和摩尔质量等关键信息，这些信息对于计算镍的体积、质量和原子数量是必要的。虽然这些可能是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的知识点，但题目没有明确说明是否需要学生自行回忆或提供这些数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "镍的密度和摩尔质量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3581,
|
||
"question": "In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 200 in.^2 with a 0.002 in. thick layer of nickel, how many moles of nickel are required?",
|
||
"answer": "0.994 mol ni required",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算（计算镍的摩尔数），涉及公式应用（体积、密度、摩尔质量等转换），答案以具体数值形式给出 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，涉及面积、厚度和摩尔数的转换，属于直接套用基本公式的简单计算类型。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算难度。虽然需要应用基本公式（如体积计算和摩尔计算），但解题步骤较为直接，仅需套用公式并进行简单单位转换即可得出答案。相比等级1的直接计算，该题需要稍多的理解和应用，但不需要多个公式组合或复杂分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.994 mol ni required",
|
||
"choice_question": "In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 200 in.^2 with a 0.002 in. thick layer of nickel, how many moles of nickel are required?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供镍的密度或摩尔质量，这些是计算所需的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉镍的密度和摩尔质量，但题目并未明确说明是否可以使用默认值或需要从其他来源获取这些数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "镍的密度和/或摩尔质量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3616,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{Y}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}.",
|
||
"answer": "6",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要一定的解释和论述，而不仅仅是简单的计算或选择。答案虽然是一个数字，但解答过程需要理解和应用离子半径与配位数的关系。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这需要理解离子半径与配位数之间的关系，并能够应用相关规则进行计算和判断。虽然涉及基本概念，但需要综合分析离子半径数据并应用配位数规则，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解离子半径与配位数的关系，并进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了具体化合物Y2O3，但解答过程需要结合离子半径数据、配位数规则以及晶体结构知识，属于中等应用层次的要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{Y}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉如何查找和应用离子半径数据，但题目中未提供任何相关数据，这可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的离子半径数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3617,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{UO}_{2}.",
|
||
"answer": "6",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要应用离子半径数据和配位数计算规则进行数值判断，答案是一个具体的数字（6），属于计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这属于基本公式应用和简单计算的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最低难度等级。题目仅要求直接应用已知的离子半径数据来确定配位数，无需复杂计算或多步骤推理。学生只需记住或查阅相关离子半径数据，并应用基本的配位数判断规则即可得出正确答案。这种类型的题目主要考察学生对基础知识的记忆和简单应用能力，属于单一公式直接计算的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, what is the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{UO}_{2}?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据或参考来源。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉或能够查阅这些数据，但题目中未明确说明是否允许或预期学生查阅外部资料。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的离子半径数据或参考来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3618,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{BaO}.",
|
||
"answer": "8",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要一定的解释和论述，而不仅仅是简单的选择或计算。答案虽然是一个数字，但解答过程需要理解和应用离子半径与配位数的关系。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这属于基本公式应用和简单计算的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需根据已知的离子半径直接套用协调数的基本规则即可得出答案。解题步骤简单直接，不需要复杂的计算或深入的概念理解，因此在选择题型内属于较低难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "8",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{BaO}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道或能够查找这些数据，但题目本身缺少这些关键信息，可能导致解题困难。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Ba2+和O2-的离子半径数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3620,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{GeO}_{2}.",
|
||
"answer": "4",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要解释和论述判断过程，答案是一个具体的数值而非选择或判断对错 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这需要应用基本的离子半径数据和配位数规则进行计算和判断。虽然需要一定的理解和应用能力，但思维过程相对直接，不涉及复杂的综合分析或推理。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需要根据已知的离子半径直接套用基本公式或规则来确定配位数。解题步骤简单直接，无需复杂的分析或计算，且知识点掌握深度要求较低，属于基础知识的直接应用。因此，在选择题型内属于较低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{GeO}_{2}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据或参考来源。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉Ge和O的离子半径，但题目并未明确说明是否可以使用默认值或需要参考特定数据表。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的离子半径数据或参考来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3621,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{MnO}.",
|
||
"answer": "6",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要解释和论述判断过程，答案是一个具体的数值而非选择或判断 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这需要理解离子半径与配位数之间的关系，并能够应用相关规则（如半径比规则）进行计算和判断。虽然涉及基本概念，但需要一定的综合分析能力来关联不同知识点并得出正确结论。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解离子半径与配位数的关系，并进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了具体化合物MnO，但解答过程需要结合离子半径数据判断配位数，涉及中等应用层次的知识点掌握和解题步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{MnO}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据或参考来源。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道如何查找或计算离子半径，但题目中未提供任何相关数据，这可能导致学生在没有外部资源的情况下无法完成题目。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的离子半径数据或参考来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3622,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{MgS}.",
|
||
"answer": "6",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，需要应用材料科学知识进行判断，答案是一个具体的数值而非选择或判断对错，属于需要简要解释和论述的简答题类型 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，这属于基本公式应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需要根据已知的离子半径直接套用协调数判断规则即可得出答案。解题步骤简单，无需复杂计算或深入分析，符合等级2的简单应用过程描述标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, what is the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{MgS}?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求根据离子半径确定配位数，但没有提供具体的离子半径数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Mg²⁺和S²⁻的离子半径，但题目中未明确给出这些数据，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Mg²⁺和S²⁻的离子半径数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3623,
|
||
"question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{KBr}.",
|
||
"answer": "6",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求使用离子半径数据来确定配位数，需要通过计算和比较离子半径比来得出结果，答案是一个具体的数值(6)，属于计算题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目要求使用离子半径数据来确定配位数，这涉及基本的公式应用和简单计算，属于直接套用已知规则和数据的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求使用离子半径来确定KBr的配位数，这只需要直接应用离子半径与配位数之间的基本关系，无需复杂的计算或多步骤推理。因此，在选择题型内属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the ionic radii, determine the coordination number expected for \\mathrm{KBr}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求使用离子半径来确定KBr的配位数，但没有提供KBr的离子半径数据或参考来源。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道如何查找这些数据，但题目本身缺少这些关键信息，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "KBr的离子半径数据或参考来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3626,
|
||
"question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, determine the density.",
|
||
"answer": "7.64 \\mathrm{g/cm}^3.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定NiO的密度，需要应用材料科学中的密度计算公式和晶体结构知识，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用密度计算公式，并理解NiO的氯化钠结构以确定晶格参数和分子数。这涉及多步计算和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理或深度分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要综合运用晶体结构知识（NaCl型结构）、化学计量计算、密度公式应用等多个步骤。虽然题目给出了正确选项减少了猜测成分，但解题过程需要计算晶胞参数、分子量换算、单位体积原子数等，涉及多个概念关联和单位转换，属于典型的综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "7.64 g/cm³",
|
||
"choice_question": "For NiO with sodium chloride structure, the density is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算NiO的密度，但没有提供必要的晶格参数（如晶格常数）或NiO的分子量等关键数据。这些信息对于计算密度是必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的基础知识。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数（a）和NiO的分子量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3630,
|
||
"question": "For \\mathrm{UO}_{2} with fluorite structure, determine the density.",
|
||
"answer": "12.13 {g/cm}^{3}.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定密度，需要应用公式和数值计算，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用密度计算公式，涉及晶体结构（萤石结构）的理解和单位晶胞参数的计算，属于多步计算和概念关联的综合应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解氟化物结构的概念，掌握晶胞参数计算，并进行多步密度计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项减少了部分计算负担，但仍需要综合运用晶体学和化学计量知识才能正确解答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "12.13 g/cm³",
|
||
"choice_question": "For UO₂ with fluorite structure, determine the density.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算UO₂的密度，但没有提供必要的晶格常数或单位晶胞参数等关键数据。这些数据是计算密度所必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的知识点。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数或单位晶胞参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3634,
|
||
"question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, determine the density.",
|
||
"answer": "The density is 2.897 g/cm³.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于闪锌矿结构的BeO计算密度，需要应用相关公式和数值计算，最终给出具体的密度数值。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解锌矿结构（BeO的晶体结构），应用晶体密度计算公式，并进行多步计算（包括晶格常数、原子质量、阿伏伽德罗常数等参数的关联计算）。虽然不涉及复杂的推理或创新设计，但需要综合运用多个概念和公式来完成计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解锌矿结构的概念，掌握晶胞参数与密度的关系，并进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及单位晶胞中原子的数量计算、摩尔质量转换以及体积计算等综合步骤，属于需要概念关联和综合分析的题目。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2.897 g/cm³",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, what is the density?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于闪锌矿结构的BeO计算密度，但没有提供必要的晶格常数（a）或摩尔质量等关键参数。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道如何查找或计算这些参数，但题目中未明确说明是否允许使用外部数据或假设。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数（a）或摩尔质量等关键参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3638,
|
||
"question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, determine the density for CsBr.",
|
||
"answer": "The density ρ = 4.8 g/cm3.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于氯化铯结构计算CsBr的密度，需要应用相关公式和数值计算，最终给出具体的密度值（4.8 g/cm3），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要基于CsCl结构的知识，应用密度计算公式，涉及多步计算和概念关联，如晶格常数、原子质量、阿伏伽德罗常数等综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解CsCl结构类型、计算晶胞参数、应用密度公式，并进行多步单位换算和数值计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项减少了验证步骤，但仍需综合运用晶体结构和化学计量知识完成推导过程。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.8 g/cm3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, the density for CsBr is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于氯化铯结构计算CsBr的密度，但没有提供必要的晶格常数或原子间距等关键参数。这些参数是计算密度所必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的基础知识。",
|
||
"missing_info": "晶格常数或原子间距等关键参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3639,
|
||
"question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, determine the packing factor for CsBr.",
|
||
"answer": "The packing factor pf = 0.693.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求基于氯化铯结构计算CsBr的堆积因子，需要应用公式进行数值计算，最终给出一个具体的数值结果(0.693)。这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要基于CsCl结构进行计算，涉及多步计算和概念关联，包括晶体结构理解、原子半径计算和堆积因子的公式应用，需要综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解CsCl晶体结构的概念，掌握堆积因子的计算方法，并进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程涉及离子半径的确定、晶胞体积计算以及离子体积的求和，需要较强的概念关联和计算能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.693",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the cesium chloride structure, what is the packing factor for CsBr?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求基于氯化铯结构计算CsBr的堆积因子，但没有提供CsBr的离子半径或晶格常数等必要数据。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉这些数据，但题目没有明确说明是否允许查阅相关资料或假设这些数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "CsBr的离子半径或晶格常数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3645,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the number of vacancies per {cm}^{3} expected in copper at 1080^{\\circ} C (just below the melting temperature). The activation energy for vacancy formation is 20,000 cal/mol.",
|
||
"answer": "4.97 × 10^{19} vacancies/cm^3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铜在特定温度下的空位数），需要使用公式（如Arrhenius方程）进行计算，答案是一个具体的数值结果（4.97 × 10^{19} vacancies/cm^3）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用热力学公式计算空位浓度，涉及多步计算（如温度转换、能量单位转换等），并需要理解空位形成能与温度的关系，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念并进行多步计算和综合分析。题目涉及激活能、温度与空位浓度的关系，需要应用阿伦尼乌斯公式进行计算，并正确转换单位。虽然题目提供了必要的参数，但解题过程需要一定的物理化学基础和计算能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.97 × 10^{19} vacancies/cm^3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the number of vacancies per cm^3 expected in copper at 1080°C (just below the melting temperature). The activation energy for vacancy formation is 20,000 cal/mol.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少铜的密度或晶格常数等必要信息来计算空位数。虽然题目提供了激活能和温度，但计算空位数还需要知道铜的原子密度或相关参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铜的密度或晶格常数等必要参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3667,
|
||
"question": "A single crystal of an FCC metal is oriented so that the direction is parallel to an applied stress of 5000 psi. Calculate the resolved shear stress acting on the (111) slip plane in the [T] slip direction.",
|
||
"answer": "the resolved shear stress acting on the (111) slip plane in the [T] slip direction is 0.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解特定平面和方向上的剪切应力，答案是一个具体的数值结果（0），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用晶体学中的施密特定律（Schmid's Law）来计算分解剪切应力，涉及多步计算和概念关联（如晶面指数、晶向指数、应力分解等），需要综合分析能力。虽然不涉及复杂的机理或创新设计，但比简单的公式应用要求更高。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解晶体取向、应力分解、滑移系选择等多个概念，并进行多步向量计算才能得出正确结论。虽然题目给出了具体数值条件，但需要考生综合应用材料力学和晶体学知识才能判断出该特定取向下的分解切应力为零的结果。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0",
|
||
"choice_question": "A single crystal of an FCC metal is oriented so that the direction is parallel to an applied stress of 5000 psi. What is the resolved shear stress acting on the (111) slip plane in the [T] slip direction?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value (0), which can be presented as a choice in a single-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'the direction'但没有明确说明具体是哪个晶向，这会导致学生无法准确应用施密特定律进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的晶向指数（如[100]、[110]等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3669,
|
||
"question": "A single crystal of an FCC metal is oriented so that the direction is parallel to an applied stress of 5000 psi. Which slip system(s) will become active first?",
|
||
"answer": "the slip systems that will become active first are λ011 and λ101.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求识别并解释在特定应力条件下FCC金属单晶中首先激活的滑移系统，答案需要文字解释和论述，而非简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解FCC晶体的滑移系统，并应用施密特定律（Schmid's Law）来确定在特定应力方向下哪个滑移系统会首先激活。这涉及到多步计算和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理或深度理解。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要综合应用晶体学、材料力学和滑移系统激活条件等知识。解题步骤包括：1) 确定FCC晶体的滑移面和滑移方向；2) 计算不同滑移系统的施密特因子；3) 比较施密特因子大小判断哪个滑移系统会首先激活。这需要考生能够将多个概念联系起来进行综合分析，并完成多步计算。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "λ011 and λ101",
|
||
"choice_question": "A single crystal of an FCC metal is oriented so that the direction is parallel to an applied stress of 5000 psi. Which slip system(s) will become active first?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard terminology or concept related to slip systems in FCC metals, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'the direction'，但没有明确说明具体是哪个方向。在FCC金属中，滑移系统的激活依赖于具体的晶体取向，缺少这一关键信息会导致学生无法准确应用施密特定律进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的晶体取向方向（如[100]、[110]等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3679,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the angle \\theta of a small-angle grain boundary in FCC aluminum when the dislocations are 5000 Å apart. (See Figure 4-18 and equation in Problem 4-46.)",
|
||
"answer": "\\theta = 0.0328^{\\circ}",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算小角度晶界的角度），并给出了具体的参数（位错间距5000 Å）和参考公式，最终答案是一个具体的数值结果（θ = 0.0328°），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求应用给定的公式进行简单的数值计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，属于基本公式的直接套用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求使用给定的公式（小角度晶界角度计算公式）进行简单数值代入和计算，无需额外的概念理解或复杂的步骤组合。学生只需正确应用公式并完成基本的单位转换即可得出正确答案。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.0328°",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the angle θ of a small-angle grain boundary in FCC aluminum when the dislocations are 5000 Å apart. (See Figure 4-18 and equation in Problem 4-46.) The angle θ is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'See Figure 4-18 and equation in Problem 4-46'，但没有提供具体的图表和公式信息，这会让做题者无法直接获取必要的计算依据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Figure 4-18和Problem 4-46中的具体公式信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3681,
|
||
"question": "The number of vacancies in a material is related to temperature by an Arrhenius equation. If the fraction of lattice points containing vacancies is 8 × 10^{-5} \\mathrm{at} 600^{\\circ} C, determine the fraction at 1000^{\\circ} C.",
|
||
"answer": "the fraction at 1000^{\\circ} C is 0.00155.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用（Arrhenius方程）来确定特定温度下的空位分数，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用Arrhenius方程进行多步计算，涉及温度变化对空位分数的影响，需要理解方程中各参数的含义并进行数值计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解Arrhenius方程的概念，并能够进行多步骤的计算和温度转换。题目要求将已知条件代入方程求解未知温度下的空位分数，涉及对数运算和指数计算，属于综合性计算问题。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要较强的概念关联和综合分析能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.00155",
|
||
"choice_question": "The number of vacancies in a material is related to temperature by an Arrhenius equation. If the fraction of lattice points containing vacancies is 8 × 10^{-5} at 600°C, what is the fraction at 1000°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Arrhenius方程，但没有提供具体的方程形式或相关参数（如激活能Q_v）。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Arrhenius方程的一般形式，但题目没有明确说明是否可以使用默认值或假设激活能已知。",
|
||
"missing_info": "激活能Q_v或Arrhenius方程的具体形式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3706,
|
||
"question": "During freezing of a Cu-Zn alloy, we find that the composition is nonuniform. By heating the alloy to 600^{\\circ} C for 3 hours, diffusion of zinc helps to make the composition more uniform. What temperature would be required if we wished to perform this homogenization treatment in 30 minutes?",
|
||
"answer": "667°c",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，通过扩散时间与温度的关系计算出所需的温度，答案是一个具体的数值（667°C），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及扩散方程的应用和温度与时间关系的调整，需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解扩散动力学中的阿伦尼乌斯方程，并进行多步骤计算（包括时间-温度转换和对数运算）。虽然题目提供了部分参数，但考生仍需综合运用材料科学中的热处理和扩散知识来推导正确答案。相比单纯的概念题或单步计算题，该题目要求更高层次的分析能力和计算技巧。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "667°c",
|
||
"choice_question": "During freezing of a Cu-Zn alloy, we find that the composition is nonuniform. By heating the alloy to 600° C for 3 hours, diffusion of zinc helps to make the composition more uniform. What temperature would be required if we wished to perform this homogenization treatment in 30 minutes?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少扩散系数或阿伦尼乌斯方程中的活化能等关键参数，这些参数对于计算不同温度下的扩散时间是必要的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些概念，但题目没有提供具体的数值，可能导致学生在没有参考数据的情况下无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "扩散系数或活化能的具体数值"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3708,
|
||
"question": "A ceramic part made of MgO is sintered successfully at 1700 degrees C in 90 minutes. To minimize thermal stresses during the process, we plan to reduce the temperature to 1500 degrees C. What time will be required at the lower temperature?",
|
||
"answer": "the time required at the lower temperature is 955 min or 15.9 h.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，以确定在较低温度下所需的时间。答案给出了具体的数值结果（955 min或15.9 h），这表明解答过程涉及计算步骤。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及烧结温度与时间的关系，需要应用相关公式进行综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解烧结温度与时间的关系（如阿伦尼乌斯方程的应用），并进行多步骤计算。题目涉及材料科学中的动力学概念和实际工艺参数调整，要求考生能够将理论公式与工程实践相结合，属于综合性计算问题。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要综合运用多个知识点和计算步骤，因此在选择题型中属于等级3难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "955 min or 15.9 h",
|
||
"choice_question": "A ceramic part made of MgO is sintered successfully at 1700 degrees C in 90 minutes. To minimize thermal stresses during the process, we plan to reduce the temperature to 1500 degrees C. What time will be required at the lower temperature?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了烧结温度与时间的关系，但没有提供具体的公式或参数（如活化能）来计算在较低温度下所需的时间。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉阿伦尼乌斯方程，但题目没有明确说明是否可以使用该方程，也没有提供必要的参数（如活化能或频率因子）。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少具体的公式或参数（如活化能）来计算在较低温度下所需的时间。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3744,
|
||
"question": "Suppose that liquid nickel is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the critical radius of the nucleus required. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.",
|
||
"answer": "the critical radius of the nucleus required is 6.65 × 10^-8 cm.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解临界核半径，答案是一个具体的数值结果（6.65 × 10^-8 cm），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括临界半径公式的应用和单位转换，涉及对均相成核理论的理解和数值计算能力，但不需要复杂的综合分析或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解均匀成核理论、临界半径计算公式（涉及表面自由能、体积自由能变化等概念），并能正确代入FCC镍的晶格参数进行多步单位换算和计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项减少了推导步骤，但仍需要综合应用材料科学和热力学知识才能准确求解。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6.65 × 10^-8 cm",
|
||
"choice_question": "Suppose that liquid nickel is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the critical radius of the nucleus required. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算临界核半径，但未提供必要的热力学参数（如表面自由能、体积自由能变化等），这些参数是计算临界半径所必需的。虽然材料科学专业学生可能熟悉这些概念，但具体数值通常需要题目提供。",
|
||
"missing_info": "表面自由能（γ）和体积自由能变化（ΔGv）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3746,
|
||
"question": "Suppose that liquid iron is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the critical radius of the nucleus required. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid BCC iron is 2.92 Å.",
|
||
"answer": "10.128 × 10⁻⁸ cm",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算临界核半径），并给出了具体的数值答案，这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用均相成核理论中的临界半径计算公式，涉及多步计算和概念关联（如晶格参数与临界半径的关系），但不需要复杂的综合分析或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解均匀成核、临界半径计算等概念，并进行多步骤的计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了部分参数，但仍需考生掌握相关公式和单位转换，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "10.128 × 10⁻⁸ cm",
|
||
"choice_question": "Suppose that liquid iron is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the critical radius of the nucleus required. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid BCC iron is 2.92 Å.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "计算题的答案是确定的数值，可以转换为单选题格式。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算临界半径所需的表面自由能（γ）和体积自由能变化（ΔGv）等关键参数。这些参数对于计算临界半径是必要的，但题目中并未提供。",
|
||
"missing_info": "表面自由能（γ）和体积自由能变化（ΔGv）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3747,
|
||
"question": "Suppose that liquid iron is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the number of iron atoms in the nucleus. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid BCC iron is 2.92 Å.",
|
||
"answer": "350 atoms",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铁原子在核中的数量），并给出了具体的参数（BCC铁的晶格参数为2.92 Å），最终答案是一个具体的数值（350 atoms），这些都是计算题的典型特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括计算晶胞体积、每个晶胞中的原子数、核的体积以及最终的原子数。这需要理解BCC结构的基本概念，并能将这些概念应用于具体的数值计算中。虽然不涉及复杂的推理或综合分析，但需要一定的概念关联和计算步骤。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解均匀成核的概念，掌握BCC晶体结构的原子计算方法，并进行多步计算（包括晶胞体积、原子数、临界核尺寸等）。虽然题目提供了关键参数（晶格常数），但需要综合运用材料科学和数学知识才能得出正确选项。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "350 atoms",
|
||
"choice_question": "Suppose that liquid iron is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate the number of iron atoms in the nucleus. Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid BCC iron is 2.92 Å.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer, which can be directly used as the correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算均匀成核时铁原子在核中的数量，但缺少临界核尺寸或过冷度等关键参数。这些参数是计算核体积和原子数量的必要信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "临界核尺寸或过冷度"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3750,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when iron nucleates at 10 degrees Celsius undercooling. The specific heat of iron is 5.78 J/cm^3·°C.",
|
||
"answer": "0.0333",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铁在10度过冷度下发生枝晶凝固的分数），并且答案是一个具体的数值（0.0333），这表明需要通过公式和给定的参数（铁的比热容）进行计算得出结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及固相分数和过冷度的概念关联，需要综合分析热力学参数（如比热容）来计算枝晶凝固分数，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解过冷度与凝固分数的关系，并应用比热容数据进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了具体参数，但解题过程涉及热力学概念的综合应用和单位换算，对学生的计算能力和概念关联能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.0333",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when iron nucleates at 10 degrees Celsius undercooling. The specific heat of iron is 5.78 J/cm^3·°C. The correct fraction is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by presenting the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算枝晶凝固分数所需的额外参数，如潜热或熔化热。虽然比热容和过冷度已提供，但计算枝晶凝固分数通常还需要其他热力学参数。",
|
||
"missing_info": "潜热或熔化热等必要的热力学参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3753,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates at 10 degrees Celsius undercooling. The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/cm^3·°C.",
|
||
"answer": "0.0237",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算银在10度过冷度下发生枝晶凝固的分数），需要使用给定的热容数据进行公式应用，最终给出一个具体的数值答案（0.0237）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及固相分数计算和热力学参数的应用，需要理解过冷度与凝固行为的关系，并正确运用比热容等参数进行计算。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但比简单套用公式更复杂，需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解过冷度、比热容等概念，并进行多步计算（包括能量平衡和相变分数的推导）。虽然题目提供了具体参数，但解题过程涉及公式转换和单位统一，对学生的综合计算能力和概念关联能力有一定要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.0237",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates at 10 degrees Celsius undercooling. The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/cm^3·°C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算枝晶凝固分数所需的额外关键参数，如潜热或熔化热。虽然比热容已提供，但仅凭此不足以完成计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "潜热或熔化热"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3755,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates homogeneously. The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/cm^3·°C.",
|
||
"answer": "0.842",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算银凝固时枝晶形成的比例），并且答案是一个具体的数值（0.842），这符合计算题的特征。解答过程需要应用材料科学中的相关公式和参数（如银的比热容）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及凝固分数和均质形核的概念关联，需要综合分析热力学参数和凝固行为，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解固相分数计算、均质形核等概念，并正确应用比热容数据进行多步计算。虽然题目提供了关键参数，但解题过程涉及热力学公式转换和综合分析能力，属于需要概念关联和计算验证的题型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.842",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates homogeneously. The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/cm^3·°C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算枝晶凝固分数所需的额外关键参数，如凝固潜热、过冷度或形核温度等。虽然比热容已提供，但仅凭此参数无法完成计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "凝固潜热、过冷度或形核温度等关键参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3766,
|
||
"question": "A 4-in-diameter sphere of liquid iron is allowed to solidify, producing a spherical shrinkage cavity in the center of the casting. Determine the volume and diameter of the shrinkage cavity in the iron casting.",
|
||
"answer": "shrinkage volume: 1.139 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.30 in.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定体积和直径，答案也是具体的数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目主要涉及基本的体积计算和公式应用，需要理解收缩现象并应用简单的几何公式进行计算，属于直接套用基本公式的简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单难度，仅需应用基本公式（体积计算和直径转换）并进行简单计算，无需多个公式组合或复杂分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "shrinkage volume: 1.139 in.^{3}; diameter of shrinkage cavity: 1.30 in.",
|
||
"choice_question": "A 4-in-diameter sphere of liquid iron is allowed to solidify, producing a spherical shrinkage cavity in the center of the casting. What is the volume and diameter of the shrinkage cavity in the iron casting?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation problem has a specific and deterministic answer, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct answer can be presented as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供液态铁凝固时的收缩率或体积变化比例，这是计算收缩腔体积和直径的必要信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "液态铁凝固时的收缩率或体积变化比例"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3768,
|
||
"question": "A 2 cm x 4 cm x 6 cm magnesium casting is produced. After cooling to room temperature, what is the volume of the shrinkage cavity at the center of the casting?",
|
||
"answer": "the volume of the shrinkage cavity at the center of the casting is 46.03 cm3.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算镁铸件冷却至室温后中心缩孔的体积，需要通过数值计算和公式应用来得出具体数值（46.03 cm³），属于典型的计算题特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括理解镁合金的收缩率、计算初始体积和最终体积，以及应用相关公式来确定收缩腔的体积。这需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解镁合金铸造收缩率的概念，进行多步体积计算（初始体积计算、收缩率应用、收缩腔体积计算），并综合分析材料特性与工艺参数的关系。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个关联概念和计算步骤，超出了基础选择题的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "46.03 cm3",
|
||
"choice_question": "A 2 cm x 4 cm x 6 cm magnesium casting is produced. After cooling to room temperature, what is the volume of the shrinkage cavity at the center of the casting?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供镁合金的收缩率或相关的材料特性数据，而这些数据是计算收缩腔体积所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉镁合金的一般收缩率，但具体的数值可能会因合金成分和工艺条件而异，因此缺少这些信息可能会导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "镁合金的收缩率或相关的材料特性数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3769,
|
||
"question": "A 2 cm x 4 cm x 6 cm magnesium casting is produced. After cooling to room temperature, what is the percent shrinkage that must have occurred during solidification?",
|
||
"answer": "the percent shrinkage that must have occurred during solidification is 4.1%.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算得出具体的百分比收缩率，需要应用相关公式和计算方法，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，涉及镁合金凝固收缩率的简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，属于直接套用公式的简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目仅需要应用基本的收缩率计算公式，并进行简单的数值代入和计算。不需要多个公式组合或复杂的分析步骤，属于最基础的应用题类型。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.1%",
|
||
"choice_question": "A 2 cm x 4 cm x 6 cm magnesium casting is produced. After cooling to room temperature, what is the percent shrinkage that must have occurred during solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少镁合金在凝固过程中的收缩率数据或相关公式，这是计算百分收缩率所必需的信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道镁合金的典型收缩率，但题目并未提供这一数据或提示使用标准值。",
|
||
"missing_info": "镁合金在凝固过程中的收缩率数据或相关公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3789,
|
||
"question": "How many grams of nickel must be added to 500 grams of copper to produce an\nalloy that contains 50 wt% \\alpha at 1300^{\\circ} C ?",
|
||
"answer": "541.7g ni",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算（计算需要添加的镍的质量），并应用相关的合金成分计算公式。答案是一个具体的数值（541.7g），这表明解答过程涉及计算步骤而非选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及合金成分计算和相图应用，需要理解wt%的概念并正确应用相关公式。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析，但需要综合分析题目给出的条件并进行适当的数值计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、质量百分比计算，并进行多步综合计算。虽然题目给出了正确选项降低了猜测难度，但仍需掌握合金成分计算和相图解读能力，步骤涉及单位转换和代数求解，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "541.7g ni",
|
||
"choice_question": "How many grams of nickel must be added to 500 grams of copper to produce an alloy that contains 50 wt% α at 1300°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了要产生含有50 wt% α的合金，但没有提供铜-镍合金相图或相关相组成的数据，这对于计算所需的镍的质量是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铜-镍合金相图或1300°C时α相的具体组成数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3790,
|
||
"question": "How many grams of MgO must be added to 1kg of NiO to produce a ceramic that has a solidus temperature of 2200^{\\circ} C ?",
|
||
"answer": "332g of mgo",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算（计算MgO的质量），并应用相关公式（如相图或化学计量关系）来求解，最终给出具体的数值答案（332g of MgO）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及固相线温度与成分关系的理解，需要查阅相图并应用杠杆定律进行计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求考生：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "332g of MgO",
|
||
"choice_question": "How many grams of MgO must be added to 1kg of NiO to produce a ceramic that has a solidus temperature of 2200°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供NiO-MgO相图或固相线温度与成分关系的具体数据，而这些信息是解题所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图的概念，但具体的相图数据通常需要查阅参考资料。",
|
||
"missing_info": "NiO-MgO相图或固相线温度与成分关系的具体数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3791,
|
||
"question": "We would like to produce a MgO-\\mathrm{FeO} ceramic that is 30 wt% solid at 2000^{\\circ} C. Determine the original composition of the ceramic in wt%.",
|
||
"answer": "56.9 wt% feo",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算确定陶瓷的原始组成（wt%），需要应用相关公式和计算方法，最终给出具体的数值答案（56.9 wt% FeO）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分计算，需要理解相图的基本原理并应用相关公式进行计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求根据给定温度下的固相比例反推原始成分，涉及相图解读、杠杆定律应用和成分转换计算。虽然选择题提供了正确选项降低了部分难度，但仍需要综合分析能力和准确的计算步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "56.9 wt% FeO",
|
||
"choice_question": "We would like to produce a MgO-FeO ceramic that is 30 wt% solid at 2000°C. What is the original composition of the ceramic in wt%?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的相图信息或相关数据，如MgO-FeO相图在2000°C时的固相和液相组成比例，这是解题的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图的概念，但具体的相图数据通常是题目提供的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "MgO-FeO相图在2000°C时的固相和液相组成比例"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3794,
|
||
"question": "A Nb-W alloy contains 55% α at 2600°C. Determine the composition of each phase.",
|
||
"answer": "l: 22% w; α: 42% w",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算确定各相的组成，答案给出了具体的数值结果，解答过程需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，涉及相组成和成分的确定，需要综合分析相图数据和给定的条件，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求确定两相组成，涉及相图解读、杠杆定律应用和百分比计算，属于综合性计算问题。虽然提供了正确选项，但仍需综合分析能力来验证答案的正确性。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "l: 22% w; α: 42% w",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Nb-W alloy contains 55% α at 2600°C. The composition of each phase is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and deterministic value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Nb-W合金在2600°C时含有55%的α相，但没有提供相图或相关的相组成数据，这使得学生无法应用杠杆定律进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Nb-W合金在2600°C时的相图或相关的相组成数据。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3795,
|
||
"question": "A Nb-W alloy contains 55% α at 2600°C. Determine the original composition of the alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "33% w",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定合金的原始成分，答案是一个具体的数值（33% w），需要通过计算得出。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分确定，需要将概念关联并进行综合分析。虽然计算本身不复杂，但需要理解相图的基本原理和成分与相比例的关系，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、进行多步计算（包括杠杆法则应用）和综合分析成分与相变关系。虽然题目提供了关键数据（55% α），但解题过程需要将多个知识点串联起来才能推导出原始成分，这超出了简单记忆或单步计算的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "33% w",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Nb-W alloy contains 55% α at 2600°C. The original composition of the alloy is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了55% α相在2600°C下的Nb-W合金，但没有提供相图或相关的相平衡数据，如α相和另一相的成分范围。这些信息对于应用杠杆法则计算原始成分是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少相图或α相和另一相在2600°C下的具体成分数据。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3796,
|
||
"question": "Suppose a 1200-lb bath of a Nb-40 wt % W alloy is held at 2800 degrees C. How many pounds of tungsten can be added to the bath before any solid forms?",
|
||
"answer": "212 additional pounds of W must be added before any solid forms.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，以确定需要添加的钨的质量。答案给出了具体的数值结果，表明这是一个计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及合金成分和相图的应用，需要综合分析温度、成分和相变条件之间的关系，属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、进行多步计算（包括质量平衡和成分计算），并综合分析温度与成分的关系。虽然题目提供了正确选项减少了干扰项判断，但解题过程仍涉及较复杂的应用能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "212 additional pounds of W must be added before any solid forms.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Suppose a 1200-lb bath of a Nb-40 wt % W alloy is held at 2800 degrees C. How many pounds of tungsten can be added to the bath before any solid forms?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by presenting the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少Nb-W相图或2800°C时的固溶度极限数据，这是解题的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉相图概念，但具体的相图数据通常需要提供或参考。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Nb-W相图在2800°C时的固溶度极限数据或相关相变信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3799,
|
||
"question": "A NiO-60 mol% MgO ceramic is allowed to solidify. Determine the composition of the first solid to form under equilibrium conditions.",
|
||
"answer": "80% mgo",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定在平衡条件下形成的第一个固体的成分，需要应用相图和相关公式进行数值计算。答案是一个具体的数值（80% mgo），表明需要通过计算得出结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，涉及固溶体成分的确定和平衡条件的理解，需要综合分析相图信息并进行数值计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算分析。题目要求考生在NiO-MgO二元相图中确定平衡凝固时首晶固相的成分，这需要综合运用杠杆定律和相图解读能力。虽然给出了正确选项减少了部分计算量，但仍需完成相图定位、相区判断和成分计算等步骤，属于典型的综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "80% MgO",
|
||
"choice_question": "A NiO-60 mol% MgO ceramic is allowed to solidify. Under equilibrium conditions, the composition of the first solid to form is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定在平衡条件下形成的第一个固体的成分，但没有提供NiO-MgO二元相图或相关数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图知识，但题目中未提供具体的相图或数据，可能导致学生在没有参考的情况下无法准确计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "NiO-MgO二元相图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3800,
|
||
"question": "A NiO-60 mol% MgO ceramic is allowed to solidify. Determine the composition of the last liquid to solidify under equilibrium conditions.",
|
||
"answer": "35% mgo",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定在平衡条件下最后凝固的液体的组成，需要应用相图和相关公式进行数值计算。答案是一个具体的数值（35% MgO），表明需要通过计算得出结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解相图的基本原理，并应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，以确定最后凝固液体的成分。这涉及到概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算分析。题目要求考生在NiO-MgO相图中确定平衡凝固条件下最后凝固液体的成分，这需要综合运用相图知识和杠杆定律进行计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个步骤和概念关联，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "35% MgO",
|
||
"choice_question": "A NiO-60 mol% MgO ceramic is allowed to solidify. What is the composition of the last liquid to solidify under equilibrium conditions?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a choice in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供NiO-MgO相图或相关数据，而这是解题的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图的基本原理，但具体的相图数据通常是需要提供的，除非这是学生必须记忆的内容。",
|
||
"missing_info": "NiO-MgO相图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3801,
|
||
"question": "A Nb-35% W alloy is allowed to solidify. Determine the composition of the first solid to form under equilibrium conditions.",
|
||
"answer": "55% w",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定在平衡条件下形成的第一个固体的成分，需要应用相图和相关公式进行数值计算，答案是一个具体的数值（55% w），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据给定的合金成分和平衡凝固条件，确定第一个固体的组成。这需要应用相图的基本知识和简单的杠杆定律计算，属于基本公式应用和直接套用的范畴。虽然需要理解相图的基本概念，但计算过程相对直接，不涉及多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最低难度等级。题目仅要求根据给定的合金成分（Nb-35% W）和平衡凝固条件，直接应用相图或杠杆法则确定初始凝固固相的成分（55% W）。解题步骤简单，无需复杂计算或多公式组合，属于单一公式直接计算的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "55% w",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Nb-35% W alloy is allowed to solidify. Under equilibrium conditions, the composition of the first solid to form is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的相图或相关数据，使得学生无法直接应用杠杆定律进行计算。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图的基本概念，但具体的相图数据是解题的关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Nb-W合金的相图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3802,
|
||
"question": "A Nb-35% W alloy is allowed to solidify. Determine the composition of the last liquid to solidify under equilibrium conditions.",
|
||
"answer": "18% w",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金在平衡凝固条件下最后凝固液体的成分，需要应用相图和相关公式进行数值计算，答案以具体数值形式给出。 | 知识层次: 题目需要运用相图知识进行多步计算，涉及平衡条件下合金凝固过程中液相成分的变化分析，需要理解相图的基本原理并能够进行相关计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算分析。题目要求考生在Nb-W合金相图中确定最后凝固液体的成分，这需要掌握杠杆定律的应用和相图解读能力。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个步骤的综合计算和概念关联，比单纯记忆或单步计算的选择题更复杂。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "18% w",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Nb-35% W alloy is allowed to solidify. What is the composition of the last liquid to solidify under equilibrium conditions?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Nb-35% W合金在平衡凝固条件下最后凝固液体的成分，但没有提供Nb-W合金的相图或相关相变温度数据。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉相图的基本原理，但具体的相图数据（如共晶点、固溶度等）通常需要题目提供，否则无法进行准确计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Nb-W合金的相图或相关相变温度数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3803,
|
||
"question": "An intermetallic compound is found for 10 wt% \\mathrm{Si} in the Cu-Si phase diagram. Determine the formula for the compound.",
|
||
"answer": "\\mathrm{sicu}_{4}",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的条件（10 wt% Si in the Cu-Si phase diagram）推导出化合物的化学式，需要一定的分析和解释过程，答案是一个具体的化学式而非简单的选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目需要根据相图信息进行多步计算和概念关联，包括理解相图的基本原理、计算原子百分比、推导化合物的化学式等，涉及中等程度的综合分析和应用能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求根据给定的重量百分比计算化合物的化学式，涉及原子量计算和比例转换，属于中等应用层次的多步计算和概念关联。虽然有一定的计算步骤，但在选择题型中，通过选项可以辅助验证，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "\\mathrm{SiCu}_{4}",
|
||
"choice_question": "An intermetallic compound is found for 10 wt% \\mathrm{Si} in the Cu-Si phase diagram. What is the formula for the compound?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard chemical formula, which can be presented as a single correct option among multiple choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Cu-Si相图，但没有提供具体的相图信息或相关的原子量数据，这使得学生无法根据10 wt% Si来计算化合物的化学式。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Cu-Si相图的具体信息或相关的原子量数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3805,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, solvus temperature, and freezing range of the alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "liquidus temperature =290 c, solidus temperature =240 c, solvus temperature =170 c, freezing range =50 c",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金的多个温度参数（liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, solvus temperature, freezing range），答案以具体数值形式给出，解答过程需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据给定的合金成分（Pb-15% Sn）确定其相变温度（liquidus、solidus、solvus）和凝固范围（freezing range），这需要应用相图的基本知识和简单的数值计算。虽然涉及多个温度点的确定，但每个点的计算都是直接基于相图数据，不需要多步计算或复杂的概念关联。因此，属于基本公式应用和简单计算的范畴。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求根据给定的合金成分（Pb-15% Sn）直接查找或应用相图中的已知数据（liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, solvus temperature, freezing range），无需进行复杂的计算或公式组合。正确选项已经提供了所有需要的数值，学生只需识别并选择正确的对应关系即可。因此，该题目在选择题型内属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "liquidus temperature =290 c, solidus temperature =240 c, solvus temperature =170 c, freezing range =50 c",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, what are the liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, solvus temperature, and freezing range of the alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Pb-15% Sn合金的多个温度参数（liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, solvus temperature, freezing range），但没有提供相关的相图或温度数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉如何从相图中获取这些信息，但题目本身没有提供必要的参考数据或说明这些数据应该从哪里获取。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或相关的温度数据表"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3806,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 260 c.",
|
||
"answer": "l: 30% sn, α: 12% sn; % l=17%, % α=83%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定各相的含量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（% l=17%, % α=83%），这需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，包括确定相组成和相对含量，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或机理解释。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆定律计算以及综合分析能力。题目要求确定特定温度下各相的成分和含量，涉及多步骤计算和概念关联，但选项提供了部分引导，降低了纯粹计算的复杂度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "l: 30% sn, α: 12% sn; % l=17%, % α=83%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 260 c.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Pb-15% Sn合金在260°C时的凝固过程，但没有提供相关的相图或相组成数据，这些信息对于计算各相的含量和组成是必要的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉如何查找和使用相图，但题目中未提供任何相关数据或提示，可能导致学生在没有额外参考资料的情况下感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn合金的相图或相组成数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3807,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 183 c.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 15% sn; 100% α",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定在特定温度下各相的数量和组成，这需要通过相图和相关计算来完成。答案给出了具体的数值结果，表明需要进行计算和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据给定的合金成分和温度，通过简单的相图应用和计算确定各相的含量和组成。这属于基本公式应用和直接套用相图知识的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求确定Pb-15% Sn合金在183°C凝固时各相的含量和组成，正确选项直接给出了α相的含量和组成（15% Sn; 100% α）。这只需要学生应用基本的相图知识或杠杆法则进行简单计算，无需复杂的分析或多步骤推理。因此，在选择题型内，该题目属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 15% sn; 100% α",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 183°C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and deterministic result, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Pb-15% Sn合金在183°C凝固时各相的数量和组成，但没有提供相关的相图或相平衡数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目中未明确说明是否可以使用默认的相图数据，这可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或相关的相平衡数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3808,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 c.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 2% pb, β: 100% sn; % α=87%, % β=13%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定各相的含量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值结果（% α=87%, % β=13%），这需要通过相图计算或杠杆定律等数值计算方法得出。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，包括确定各相的成分和相对量，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆法则计算以及成分转换。题目要求确定凝固后的相组成和比例，涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项已经提供了关键中间步骤的答案，降低了部分复杂性。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 2% pb, β: 100% sn; % α=87%, % β=13%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-15% Sn alloy. During solidification, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25°C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and deterministic result, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Pb-15% Sn合金在25°C时的各相含量和组成，但没有提供相关的相图或必要的相平衡数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目没有明确说明是否允许或要求学生记忆这些数据，或者是否应该提供参考。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或相关的相平衡数据，如各相在25°C时的成分范围。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3810,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Determine the composition of the first solid to form during solidification.",
|
||
"answer": "14% sn",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Pb-35% Sn合金在凝固过程中首先形成的固体的成分。解答需要参考相图和相关公式进行计算，最终得出具体的数值结果（14% Sn）。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据给定的合金成分（Pb-35% Sn）和相图知识，通过简单的查图和计算确定第一固相形成的成分（14% Sn）。这属于基本公式应用和直接套用相图知识的简单计算过程，不需要多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用相图或基本公式来确定初始凝固固相的成分，属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用。解题步骤简单，无需复杂分析或组合多个公式，因此在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "14% Sn",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. What is the composition of the first solid to form during solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Pb-35% Sn合金的凝固过程，但没有提供相关的相图或具体的数据，这使得学生无法直接查图或计算第一固相形成的成分。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图知识，但题目中未明确说明是否需要参考特定的相图或假设使用标准相图，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "相关的相图或具体的数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3811,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 184°C.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 19% sn, l: 61.9% sn, % α = 63%, % l = 37%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Pb-35% Sn合金在184°C时各相的数量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（% α = 63%, % l = 37%），这表明解答过程需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分确定，需要理解相图的基本原理并能够关联不同概念进行综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要掌握相图知识并进行多步计算。题目要求确定特定温度下各相的含量和组成，涉及杠杆法则的应用和相图解读，但选择题型提供了正确选项，降低了部分计算复杂度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 19% sn, l: 61.9% sn, % α = 63%, % l = 37%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. What are the amounts and compositions of each phase at 184°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供Pb-Sn相图或相关数据，而这是解题的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉相图，但题目未明确说明是否允许参考相图或提供相关数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Pb-Sn相图或相关数据（如相边界成分、温度等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3812,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each base at 182°C.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 19% sn, β: 97.5% sn, % α = 80%, % β = 20%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Pb-35% Sn合金在182°C时各相的量和组成，需要使用相图和杠杆定律进行数值计算，答案给出了具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分确定，需要理解相图的基本原理并进行综合分析，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求确定Pb-35% Sn合金在182°C时各相的组成和含量，这涉及到杠杆定律的应用和相图分析。虽然选择题提供了正确选项，但仍需要考生能够正确识别相图中的关键点（如共晶点和溶解度极限），并进行组成和含量的计算。这种题目比简单的概念识别题更难，但比需要复杂推导的开放性问题简单。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 19% sn, β: 97.5% sn, % α = 80%, % β = 20%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. At 182°C, the amounts and compositions of each phase are:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Pb-35% Sn合金在182°C时的各相组成和含量，但没有提供相图或相关的相平衡数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目中未明确说明是否允许或需要参考相图，这可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或相关的相平衡数据，或者明确说明是否需要参考相图。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3814,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25°C.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 2% sn, β: 100% sn, % α = 66%, % β = 34%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Pb-35% Sn合金在25°C时各相的数量和组成，需要使用杠杆法则等计算方法，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆法则进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分计算，需要将概念关联并进行综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆法则计算以及成分分析。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多步骤计算和概念关联，包括确定相组成、计算各相百分比等，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 2% sn, β: 100% sn, % α = 66%, % β = 34%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-35% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25°C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Pb-35% Sn合金在25°C时各相的数量和组成，但没有提供相关的相图或相平衡数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目没有明确说明是否允许或要求学生回忆相图信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn合金在25°C时的相图或相平衡数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3820,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Pb-70% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 degrees C.",
|
||
"answer": "alpha: 2% sn, beta: 100% sn, % alpha = 30%, % beta = 70%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Pb-70% Sn合金在25°C时各相的数量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（alpha: 2% sn, beta: 100% sn, % alpha = 30%, % beta = 70%），这需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本的相图应用和简单的百分比计算，属于直接套用公式和基本概念的应用层次，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，需要运用杠杆法则（lever rule）进行简单的相组成计算。虽然涉及两个相（alpha和beta）的组成和比例计算，但步骤较为直接，仅需套用基本公式即可得出结果，无需复杂的分析或组合多个公式。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "alpha: 2% sn, beta: 100% sn, % alpha = 30%, % beta = 70%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Pb-70% Sn alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 degrees C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and deterministic set of values, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定Pb-70% Sn合金在25°C时各相的数量和组成，但没有提供相图或相关相组成数据。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但在没有明确提示或提供相图的情况下，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Pb-Sn相图或25°C时alpha和beta相的组成范围"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3822,
|
||
"question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. Determine the composition of the first solid to form during solidification.",
|
||
"answer": "1% si",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Al-4% Si合金在凝固过程中第一个固体的成分，需要应用相图和相关公式进行计算，答案是一个具体的数值（1% Si）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图的基本知识进行简单计算，直接套用杠杆定律或平衡分配系数公式即可得出结果，属于基本公式应用和简单计算范畴。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最低难度等级。题目仅需应用基本的相图知识（如杠杆定律或固溶度曲线）进行单一公式的直接计算，无需复杂推理或多步骤分析。正确选项可直接通过简单查图或套用公式得出，符合等级1的单一公式直接计算标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1% Si",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. What is the composition of the first solid to form during solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific value (1% Si), which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的相图或平衡分配系数等关键信息，这些信息对于计算第一个固体的成分是必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些概念，但题目没有提供具体的相图或相关数据，使得解题过程依赖于未提供的额外信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Al-Si相图或平衡分配系数等关键信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3823,
|
||
"question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 578 degrees C.",
|
||
"answer": "alpha: 1.65% si, l: 12.6% si, % alpha=78.5%, % l=21.5%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定各相的数量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果，涉及相图分析和百分比计算，属于典型的计算题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，包括确定各相的成分和相对量，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要考生掌握相图知识并能进行多步计算。题目要求确定特定温度下各相的成分和比例，涉及杠杆定律的应用和百分比计算，属于综合性计算问题。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但考生仍需理解相图概念并正确应用计算方法才能得出答案。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "alpha: 1.65% si, l: 12.6% si, % alpha=78.5%, % l=21.5%",
|
||
"choice_question": "For an Al-4% Si alloy at 578 degrees C, determine the amounts and compositions of each phase.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values that can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Al-4% Si合金在578°C时的相组成和数量，但没有提供相图或相关的相平衡数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Al-Si相图，但题目没有明确说明是否可以使用默认的相图数据，这可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Al-Si相图或相关的相平衡数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3825,
|
||
"question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent at 576 degrees C.",
|
||
"answer": "primary alpha: 1.65% si, % primary alpha=78.5%, eutectic: 12.6% si, % eutectic=21.5%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金中各微组成物的含量和成分，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，包括确定各相的成分和相对量，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要综合运用相图知识、杠杆定律计算以及成分分析能力。题目要求计算多个微结构成分（primary alpha和eutectic）的含量和组成，涉及多步骤计算过程（如确定相界成分、应用杠杆定律两次计算）和概念关联（理解共晶反应和相组成）。虽然选择题提供了正确选项降低了部分难度，但仍需较强的综合分析能力来验证各计算步骤的正确性。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "primary alpha: 1.65% si, % primary alpha=78.5%, eutectic: 12.6% si, % eutectic=21.5%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. At 576 degrees C, the amounts and compositions of each microconstituent are:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and deterministic result, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Al-4% Si合金在576°C时的微组成物的含量和成分，但没有提供相图或相界成分等必要信息，这些信息对于计算各微组成物的含量和成分是必需的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "相图或相界成分信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3826,
|
||
"question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 degrees C.",
|
||
"answer": "alpha: 0% si, beta: 100% si, % alpha=96%, % beta=4%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定Al-4% Si合金在25°C时各相的含量和组成，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（% alpha=96%, % beta=4%），这需要应用相图知识和杠杆定律进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图的基本知识进行简单的百分比计算，涉及直接套用公式和基本概念，属于基础应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用相图的基本知识，通过简单的计算即可得出答案。题目中已经给出了明确的成分和温度条件，只需要根据相图直接读取各相的成分和比例，无需复杂的推理或多步骤计算。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "alpha: 0% si, beta: 100% si, % alpha=96%, % beta=4%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider an Al-4% Si alloy. At 25 degrees C, the amounts and compositions of each phase are:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少Al-Si合金相图的具体信息，这是解题的关键数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉相图，但题目没有提供具体的相图或相关数据点，使得学生无法直接应用杠杆定律进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Al-Si合金在25°C时的相图或相关相边界的具体成分数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3828,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Al-25% Si alloy. Determine the composition of the first solid to form during solidified.",
|
||
"answer": "100% si",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定合金凝固时第一个固体的成分，需要基于相图和材料科学知识进行解释和论述，答案是一个具体的成分（100% Si），而不是从多个选项中选择或简单的对错判断，也不涉及复杂的数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解相图的基本原理，并能够应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，确定在凝固过程中首先形成的固相成分。这涉及到概念关联和综合分析，而不仅仅是简单的记忆或直接套用公式。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解相图概念并应用杠杆定律进行多步计算。虽然题目给出了具体合金成分，但需要考生综合分析Al-Si相图特性，识别共晶点位置，并推导初生相成分。这比单纯记忆知识点或简单计算更复杂，但相比需要多角度论证的题目又相对直接。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "100% Si",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Al-25% Si alloy. What is the composition of the first solid to form during solidification?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (100% Si) which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供Al-Si相图或相关数据，如共晶点位置、液相线和固相线等关键信息，这些信息对于确定凝固时第一个固体的成分是必要的。虽然材料科学专业学生应该熟悉这些知识点，但题目中未提供任何相关数据或提示，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Al-Si相图或相关数据（如共晶点位置、液相线和固相线）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3832,
|
||
"question": "Consider a Al-25% Si alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 degrees C.",
|
||
"answer": "α: 0% si, β: 100% si, %α: 75%, %β: 25%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金中各相的数量和组成，涉及数值计算和相图应用，答案以具体数值形式给出。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行简单的数值计算，属于基本公式应用和直接套用范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目仅需应用杠杆法则（lever rule）进行简单的百分比计算，无需复杂的概念理解或多步骤推理。正确选项直接给出了计算结果，学生只需识别并应用基本公式即可得出答案。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "α: 0% si, β: 100% si, %α: 75%, %β: 25%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Consider a Al-25% Si alloy. Determine the amounts and compositions of each phase at 25 degrees C.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific set of values and compositions, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供Al-Si合金的相图或相关相平衡数据，如各相在25°C下的成分范围。虽然材料科学专业学生应熟悉相图知识，但具体数值（如α相和β相的成分）通常需要参考相图或给定数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Al-Si合金在25°C下的相图或各相的成分范围数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3833,
|
||
"question": "A Pb-Sn alloy contains 45% alpha and 55% beta at 100C. Determine the composition of the alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "56.15% sn",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金的成分，需要应用相图和相关公式进行数值计算，最终得出具体的百分比数值（56.15% sn）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律（lever rule）进行多步计算，涉及相图中成分比例的确定，需要理解相图的基本概念并进行综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求根据给定的相比例反推合金成分，涉及杠杆定律的应用和相图数据的查找，属于综合性计算问题。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要较强的概念关联和综合分析能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "56.15% Sn",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Pb-Sn alloy contains 45% alpha and 55% beta at 100°C. What is the composition of the alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少Pb-Sn相图的具体数据，如alpha和beta相在100°C时的成分比例。虽然杠杆定律的应用是考察点，但缺少这些关键数据会导致学生无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "alpha和beta相在100°C时的成分比例"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3834,
|
||
"question": "Is the alloy hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?",
|
||
"answer": "hypoeutectic",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从\"hypoeutectic\"或\"hypereutectic\"两个选项中选择正确答案 | 知识层次: 题目考查对合金分类（hypoeutectic或hypereutectic）的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及的是基础概念记忆，但需要学生理解并区分\"hypoeutectic\"和\"hypereutectic\"这两个专业术语的含义。这超出了简单的概念识别（等级1），需要一定的概念理解和辨析能力（等级2），但不需要进行复杂的分析或深度理解（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "hypoeutectic",
|
||
"choice_question": "Is the alloy hypoeutectic or hypereutectic?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with two options (hypoeutectic or hypereutectic), making it convertible to a single-choice question by retaining the original question and identifying the correct option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'合金'，但没有明确说明具体是哪种合金或合金的成分信息，这可能导致学生无法准确判断合金是hypoeutectic还是hypereutectic。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的合金类型或合金的成分信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3835,
|
||
"question": "An Al-Si alloy contains 85 % α and 15 % β at 500°C. Determine the composition of the alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "15.85% Si",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定合金的成分，答案是一个具体的数值（15.85% Si），这表明解答过程涉及计算步骤。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分计算，需要理解相图的基本原理并应用相关公式进行综合计算。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念并进行多步计算。题目要求根据给定的相比例反推合金成分，涉及杠杆定律的应用和代数运算，属于综合性计算问题。虽然选择题提供了正确选项，但仍需较深入的知识掌握和计算能力才能准确解答。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "15.85% Si",
|
||
"choice_question": "An Al-Si alloy contains 85 % α and 15 % β at 500°C. The composition of the alloy is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了α和β相的比例，但没有提供相图中α和β相的成分范围或具体的相图信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Al-Si相图，但题目没有明确说明是否假设学生已经记忆了相图的具体数据（如α和β相在500°C时的成分）。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少α和β相在500°C时的具体成分信息或相图数据。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3837,
|
||
"question": "A Pb-Sn alloy contains 23% primary \\alpha and 77% eutectic microconstituent. Determine the composition of the alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "x = 52% sn",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要通过数值计算和相图应用来确定合金成分，答案是一个具体的数值结果（52% Sn），属于典型的计算题特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆定律进行多步计算，涉及相图分析和成分推导，需要理解并关联多个概念，如初生相、共晶组织等，思维过程具有一定深度。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆定律计算，并进行多步骤综合分析。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及确定合金成分与相比例的关系，需要较强的应用能力和计算技巧。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "52% Sn",
|
||
"choice_question": "A Pb-Sn alloy contains 23% primary α and 77% eutectic microconstituent. What is the composition of the alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供Pb-Sn合金相图或相关的关键数据（如共晶点成分、初生α相的最大溶解度等），这些信息对于应用杠杆定律计算合金成分是必要的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些数据，但题目中完全没有提及任何相关数据，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Pb-Sn合金相图或相关的关键数据（如共晶点成分、初生α相的最大溶解度等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3840,
|
||
"question": "Observation of a microstructure shows that there is 28% eutectic and 72% primary β in an Al-Li alloy. How much α and β are in the eutectic microconstituent?",
|
||
"answer": "% α_est = 64% and % β_est = 36%",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，以确定α和β在共晶微结构中的百分比。答案以具体数值形式给出，表明这是一个计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算和概念关联，涉及相图分析和成分计算，需要理解共晶反应和杠杆定律的应用，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解共晶组织的组成比例概念，并进行多步计算。题目要求从给定的共晶和初生相比例出发，进一步计算共晶微结构中α和β相的具体含量，涉及相图知识的应用和比例换算，属于综合性计算问题。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要较强的概念关联和综合分析能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "% α_est = 64% and % β_est = 36%",
|
||
"choice_question": "Observation of a microstructure shows that there is 28% eutectic and 72% primary β in an Al-Li alloy. How much α and β are in the eutectic microconstituent?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific and deterministic answer, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format. The correct option can be directly derived from the provided answer.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供共晶微结构中α和β相的具体比例关系或相图信息，而这些信息是计算共晶微结构中α和β相百分比所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉共晶反应和杠杆定律的应用，但题目中缺少具体的共晶成分比例或相关相图数据，这使得解题过程不够明确。",
|
||
"missing_info": "共晶微结构中α和β相的具体比例关系或相关相图数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3841,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the total amount of alpha and beta in a Pb-50% Sn alloy at 182°C.",
|
||
"answer": "total amount of alpha = 60.5%, beta = 39.5%.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算alpha和beta的含量百分比），答案以具体数值形式给出，需要使用相图或相关公式进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，涉及杠杆定律的应用和相组成分析，需要将概念关联并进行综合分析，但不需要复杂的机理推导或创新设计。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、杠杆定律应用并进行多步计算。题目要求计算特定温度下两相比例，涉及查找相图关键点、成分转换和百分比计算，但选择题型提供了正确选项降低了部分推导难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "alpha = 60.5%, beta = 39.5%",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the total amount of alpha and beta in a Pb-50% Sn alloy at 182°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算Pb-50% Sn合金在182°C时的alpha和beta相含量百分比，但没有提供相关的相图或关键数据点（如共晶点、相边界成分等）。虽然材料科学专业学生应熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目中未明确说明是否允许或需要参考相图，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或关键数据点（如共晶点、相边界成分等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3842,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the amount of each microconstituent in a Pb-50% Sn alloy at 182°C.",
|
||
"answer": "microconstituents: primary alpha = 27.7%, eutectic = 72.3%.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算Pb-50% Sn合金在182°C时各微组分的含量，需要通过数值计算和公式应用得出结果，答案以百分比形式给出，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用相图知识进行多步计算，涉及微组成分的百分比计算，需要理解相图的基本原理并进行综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图概念、掌握杠杆定律计算步骤，并能正确关联微结构组成与温度条件。题目涉及多步计算和综合分析，但选项已提供计算结果，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "primary alpha = 27.7%, eutectic = 72.3%",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the amount of each microconstituent in a Pb-50% Sn alloy at 182°C?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and exact value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算Pb-50% Sn合金在182°C时各微组分的含量，但没有提供相关的相图或相组成数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉Pb-Sn相图，但题目中未明确说明是否可以使用默认的相图数据，这可能导致部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少Pb-Sn相图或具体的相组成数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3843,
|
||
"question": "What fraction of the total alpha in the alloy is contained in the eutectic microconstituent?",
|
||
"answer": "fraction of total alpha in the eutectic microconstituent f = 0.54.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算合金中共晶微结构中α相所占的比例，答案是一个具体的数值（0.54），这表明需要通过数值计算和公式应用来解答。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本的相图计算和公式应用，需要理解共晶组织的组成比例计算，但不需要多步计算或复杂分析 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单公式应用计算难度。虽然需要应用基本公式进行计算，但解题步骤相对直接，仅涉及单一概念（共晶微组成物中的α相分数）的简单套用，无需多步骤推导或复杂概念组合。相比等级1的直接查表或记忆题稍复杂，但远低于等级3的多公式组合计算难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.54",
|
||
"choice_question": "What fraction of the total alpha in the alloy is contained in the eutectic microconstituent?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct option among possible choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少必要的合金成分或相图信息，这些信息是计算共晶微结构中α相分数所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉如何从相图中获取这些信息，但题目没有提供具体的合金系统或相图，这可能导致学生无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的合金系统或相图信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3844,
|
||
"question": "Recommend an artificial age-hardening heat treatment for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy (see Figure 12-34). Include appropriate temperatures.",
|
||
"answer": "For the Cu-1.2% Be alloy, solution treat between 530°C and 870°C (typical at 780°C), quench, and age below 530°C (typical at 330°C).",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求推荐一种人工时效热处理工艺，并包括适当的温度，需要文字解释和论述，而不是从选项中选择、判断对错或进行数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据相图推荐具体的热处理工艺参数，需要理解Cu-Be合金的时效硬化原理，并能够将相图信息转化为具体的热处理温度范围。这涉及多步思考过程（固溶处理+淬火+时效处理）和温度选择的综合分析，但不需要深入分析微观机理或进行创新设计。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解Cu-Be合金的时效硬化处理原理，掌握固溶处理和时效处理的关键温度范围，并能将理论知识与实际应用相结合。虽然题目给出了具体温度参数，但仍需要考生具备综合分析能力，理解不同温度阶段的作用和选择依据。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "For the Cu-1.2% Be alloy, solution treat between 530°C and 870°C (typical at 780°C), quench, and age below 530°C (typical at 330°C).",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the recommended artificial age-hardening heat treatment for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy (see Figure 12-34)? Include appropriate temperatures.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard procedure with specific temperatures, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question where the correct option is the exact answer provided.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'see Figure 12-34'，但没有提供该图表，这会让做题者无法参考图表中的关键信息来推荐热处理工艺。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Figure 12-34"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3845,
|
||
"question": "Compare the amount of the γ2 precipitate that forms by artificial aging at 400°C with the amount of the precipitate that forms by natural aging for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy.",
|
||
"answer": "The amount of γ2 precipitate at 400°C is 5.4%, and at room temperature, it is 8.5%.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求比较两种不同条件下沉淀物的数量，答案提供了具体的数值比较，但需要解释和论述不同条件下沉淀物形成的原因和差异，属于需要文字解释的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目要求比较两种不同时效条件下γ2析出相的数量，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析时效温度对析出相数量的影响，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及Cu-1.2% Be合金在人工时效和自然时效条件下γ2析出相数量的比较，需要掌握析出相形成的相关知识，并能对不同温度下的析出行为进行综合分析。虽然题目给出了具体数值，但正确理解这些数值背后的物理意义和形成机制仍需要一定的知识积累和应用能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The amount of γ2 precipitate at 400°C is 5.4%, and at room temperature, it is 8.5%.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Compare the amount of the γ2 precipitate that forms by artificial aging at 400°C with the amount of the precipitate that forms by natural aging for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy. Which of the following statements is correct?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and factual statement that can be presented as a correct option among other plausible but incorrect options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求比较人工时效和自然时效条件下γ2析出相的数量，但未提供具体的时效时间或其它必要的时效条件（如冷却速率等）。这些信息对于准确计算和比较析出相数量是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "人工时效和自然时效的具体时间或其它时效条件（如冷却速率等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3857,
|
||
"question": "Is the steel hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid?",
|
||
"answer": "the steel is hypoeutectoid.",
|
||
"question_type": "true_false",
|
||
"question_type_name": "判断题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求判断钢是亚共析钢还是过共析钢，属于对陈述事实的判断，答案形式为直接给出判断结果。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对钢的分类（亚共析钢或过共析钢）这一基础概念的记忆和理解，不涉及复杂分析或应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及基础概念记忆，即判断钢是亚共析钢还是过共析钢。这属于最基本的概念正误判断，无需复杂分析或推理，只需回忆相关定义即可作答。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the steel is hypoeutectoid.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Is the steel hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "判断题可以转换为正确/错误的单选题格式",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的'steel'没有提供具体的碳含量或相图信息，而这些信息是判断钢是亚共析钢还是过共析钢的关键。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道如何根据碳含量判断钢的类型，但题目中完全没有提供任何相关数据或背景信息，这可能导致学生无法作答。",
|
||
"missing_info": "钢的碳含量或相关的相图信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3868,
|
||
"question": "An isothermally transformed eutectoid steel is found to have a yield strength of 410 MPa. Estimate the transformation temperature.",
|
||
"answer": "transformation temperature =615 C",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算来估计转变温度，答案是一个具体的数值结果（615 C），这表明需要应用相关公式或经验关系进行计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用材料科学中的相变温度与力学性能关系知识，进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了具体的数值计算要求，但需要理解相变温度与屈服强度之间的关系，并可能涉及相关公式的应用，这超出了简单应用的范畴，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解等温转变曲线、屈服强度与转变温度的关系，并进行多步计算和综合分析。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个概念的关联和计算步骤，比单纯记忆或简单计算的选择题更复杂。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "615 C",
|
||
"choice_question": "An isothermally transformed eutectoid steel is found to have a yield strength of 410 MPa. What is the estimated transformation temperature?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供屈服强度与转变温度之间的关系公式或经验数据，这使得学生无法进行计算。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些关系，但题目没有给出任何提示或参考，可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "屈服强度与转变温度之间的关系公式或经验数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3870,
|
||
"question": "Determine the required transformation temperature and microconstituent if an eutectoid steel is to have the hardness value HRC 38",
|
||
"answer": "600 degrees C",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定转变温度和微观组成，需要解释和论述，而答案是一个具体的温度值，属于简答形式 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据硬度值确定共析钢的转变温度和显微组织，这需要理解相变温度与硬度之间的关系，并能够应用相关相图知识进行综合分析。虽然不涉及复杂的计算或深度机理分析，但需要多步推理和概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目要求考生掌握共析钢的相变温度与硬度关系，需要综合运用TTT曲线和硬度转换知识，涉及多步计算和概念关联。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程需要综合分析材料性能与热处理参数的关系，属于中等应用层次的要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "600 degrees C",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the required transformation temperature and microconstituent for an eutectoid steel to have the hardness value HRC 38?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific temperature value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定共析钢的转变温度和微观组成以达到HRC 38的硬度值，但没有提供相关的TTT曲线或硬度与转变温度关系的具体数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些概念，但题目中缺少必要的背景信息或数据来支持解题过程。",
|
||
"missing_info": "相关的TTT曲线或硬度与转变温度关系的具体数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3871,
|
||
"question": "Determine the required transformation temperature and microconstituent if an eutectoid steel is to have the hardness value HRC 42",
|
||
"answer": "400 degrees C",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定转变温度和微观组成，需要解释和论述如何根据硬度值HRC 42来确定这些参数，而不仅仅是选择一个选项或进行简单的计算。答案给出了具体的温度值，但问题的解答需要更详细的解释和论述过程。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据硬度值确定转变温度和显微组织，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析相图和硬度数据，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于较高难度，原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "400 degrees C",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the required transformation temperature for an eutectoid steel to have the hardness value HRC 42?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定转变温度和微观组成，但仅给出了硬度值HRC 42，缺少必要的相图或硬度与温度关系的具体数据，这些信息对于非记忆性知识点的解答是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少硬度与转变温度关系的具体数据或相图信息。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3872,
|
||
"question": "Determine the required transformation temperature and microconstituent if an eutectoid steel is to have the hardness value HRC 48",
|
||
"answer": "340 degrees C",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求确定特定的转变温度和微观组织以达到给定的硬度值，这需要通过计算或查阅相关相图来确定。答案以具体数值形式给出（340 degrees C），表明这是一个需要数值计算或查找的题目。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据硬度值确定转变温度和显微组织，涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要综合分析相图和硬度数据。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念（如相变温度、硬度与组织的关系）并进行综合分析。题目要求将硬度值HRC 48与特定温度关联，涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项已给出正确答案，降低了部分难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "340 degrees C",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the required transformation temperature for an eutectoid steel to have the hardness value HRC 48?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求确定转变温度以达到给定的硬度值HRC 48，但未提供硬度与转变温度之间的关系或相关相图信息。虽然材料科学专业学生可能熟悉这些关系，但题目中未明确说明是否需要查阅特定图表或使用特定公式，这可能导致困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "硬度与转变温度之间的关系或相关相图信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3879,
|
||
"question": "What is the austenitizing temperature required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?",
|
||
"answer": "Austenitize at approximately 75 degrees Celsius.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释特定温度（75°C）作为奥氏体化温度的原因，需要文字说明而非选择、判断或计算 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解奥氏体化温度与钢的硬度和热处理工艺之间的关系，涉及多步概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的机理解释或创新设计。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于较高难度，原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Austenitize at approximately 75 degrees Celsius",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the austenitizing temperature required to produce a quenched and tempered eutectoid steel with a HRC hardness of less than 50?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific temperature value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到的奥氏体化温度75°C与通常的奥氏体化温度范围（通常在750°C以上）相差甚远，这可能导致学生困惑。题目没有提供任何背景或解释为什么这个温度如此之低，也没有说明是否有特殊条件或合金成分导致这一异常温度。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少关于为什么奥氏体化温度如此之低的背景信息或特殊条件说明。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3902,
|
||
"question": "On the basis of this result what type of interatomic bonding would you expect to be found in TiAl3 ? (a) van der Waals (b) ionic (c) metallic (d) covalent",
|
||
"answer": " (c)metallic.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从给定的四个选项（a-d）中选择一个正确的答案，符合选择题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对金属间化合物TiAl3中原子间键合类型的基本概念记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目考察的是基础概念记忆（金属键的类型），但需要学生理解TiAl3的组成元素特性（钛和铝都是金属元素），并能推断出金属键是主要键合类型。这比单纯记忆定义（等级1）要求更高，但不需要复杂的分析或比较多个概念（等级3）。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "metallic",
|
||
"choice_question": "On the basis of this result what type of interatomic bonding would you expect to be found in TiAl3?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format with a single correct answer, making it directly convertible to a single-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'On the basis of this result'，但没有提供具体的结果或上下文信息，这可能导致学生无法理解题目所依赖的背景或数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的结果或上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3907,
|
||
"question": "Some metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm. In addition, it has a density of 4.37 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Indicate the letter of the metal listed in the following table that has these characteristics.",
|
||
"answer": "The metal with these characteristics is metal C, which has an atomic radius of 0.155 nm and an FCC crystal structure.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从给定的金属列表中选择符合特定特征的金属，答案明确指出了具体选项（金属C），符合选择题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要根据给定的晶胞边长、密度和原子量计算金属的特性，并关联到晶体结构（FCC）和原子半径。这涉及多步计算和概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度，需要考生进行多步计算（如单位换算、密度公式应用、晶体结构分析）和概念关联（如将计算出的原子半径与给定选项匹配）。此外，题目还要求综合分析晶体结构（FCC）与原子半径的关系，超出了基础概念记忆的范畴，属于复杂分析过程的判断。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C",
|
||
"choice_question": "Some metal is known to have a cubic unit cell with an edge length of 0.437 nm. In addition, it has a density of 4.37 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 54.85 g/mol. Indicate the letter of the metal listed in the following table that has these characteristics.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, asking to identify the correct metal from a given table. The answer specifies the correct option as 'metal C', making it straightforward to convert to a standard multiple-choice question with 'C' as the correct option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Indicate the letter of the metal listed in the following table that has these characteristics'，但没有提供具体的金属列表表格，使得考生无法根据给定的特性匹配正确的金属选项。",
|
||
"missing_info": "金属列表表格"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3916,
|
||
"question": "Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell e edge lengths?a) Cubic(b) Hexagonal(c) Tetragonal(d) Rhombohedral(e) Orthorhombic(f) Monoclinic(g) Triclinic",
|
||
"answer": "For orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems, all three of the unit cell edge lengths are unequal to one another.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从多个选项中选择符合特定条件的晶体系统，属于选择题类型 | 知识层次: 题目考查对晶体系统基本分类和单元晶胞边长关系的记忆和理解，属于基础概念的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及多个晶体系统的定义和分类，但正确选项明确指出了三个晶体系统的共同特征（所有三个晶胞边长互不相等）。这要求考生不仅记忆各个晶体系统的基本定义，还需要进行简单的概念辨析和比较。然而，由于题目提供了明确的选项和正确选项的直接描述，解题步骤相对简单，不需要复杂的推理或深度理解多个概念之间的关系。因此，难度等级为2。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "(e) Orthorhombic, (f) Monoclinic, (g) Triclinic",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell edge lengths?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer specifies which options are correct. It can be converted to a single-choice format by selecting the correct combination of options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'following relationship for the unit cell edge lengths'，但没有具体说明这个关系是什么。这使得做题者无法判断哪些晶体系统符合这个未明确的关系。",
|
||
"missing_info": "单元晶胞边长关系的具体描述"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3958,
|
||
"question": "A cylindrical rod 380mm (15.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 10.0mm (0.40 in.), is to be subjected to a tensile load of 24,500 N (5500 lbf). Which of the four metals or alloys listed below will not experience plastic deformation under this load? The materials are: Aluminum alloy (Yield Strength: 255 MPa), Brass alloy (Yield Strength: 345 MPa), Copper (Yield Strength: 250 MPa), Steel alloy (Yield Strength: 450 MPa).",
|
||
"answer": "The materials that will not experience plastic deformation under the load of 24,500 N are the Brass alloy and Steel alloy, as their yield strengths (345 MPa and 450 MPa, respectively) are greater than the applied stress.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从四个金属或合金选项中选择不会发生塑性变形的材料，符合选择题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目要求应用基本的应力计算公式（应力=力/面积）来判断材料是否会发生塑性变形，属于直接套用公式和简单计算的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，仅需直接套用基本公式（应力=力/面积）计算应力，并与给定材料的屈服强度进行比较。解题步骤简单直接，无需公式变形或多步骤选择，符合等级2的简单公式选择和应用标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Steel alloy",
|
||
"choice_question": "A cylindrical rod 380mm (15.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 10.0mm (0.40 in.), is to be subjected to a tensile load of 24,500 N (5500 lbf). Which of the four metals or alloys listed below will not experience plastic deformation under this load?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer can be narrowed down to a single correct option (Steel alloy) based on the yield strength comparison.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了四种金属或合金，但没有在转换后的题目中列出这些材料及其屈服强度，这使得做题者无法进行计算和比较。",
|
||
"missing_info": "四种金属或合金的具体名称及其屈服强度"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3960,
|
||
"question": "Based on the previous two sub-questions, which of the four metals or alloys listed below are possible candidates for the cylindrical rod that will neither experience plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 0.9mm under a tensile load of 24,500 N?",
|
||
"answer": "The only candidate material that satisfies both conditions is the Steel alloy, with an elongation of 0.57 mm.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从四个金属或合金选项中选择符合条件的候选材料，答案明确指出唯一符合条件的材料是钢合金，符合选择题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求在多步计算和综合分析的基础上，从多个候选材料中选择满足特定条件的材料。这需要理解材料的力学性能（如塑性变形和伸长量）并进行相关计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要综合应用多个概念（如塑性变形、弹性伸长、材料性能等）进行多步计算和判断。题目要求考生不仅能够理解材料的基本性能，还需要能够将这些性能与具体工程条件（负载、变形限制）关联起来，进行综合分析。这种需要结合多个知识点和计算步骤的选择题，在选择题型中属于复杂分析过程的判断难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Steel alloy",
|
||
"choice_question": "Based on the previous two sub-questions, which of the four metals or alloys listed below are possible candidates for the cylindrical rod that will neither experience plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 0.9mm under a tensile load of 24,500 N?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer provides a clear correct option.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Based on the previous two sub-questions'，但没有提供前两个子问题的具体内容，这可能导致考生无法理解题目所依赖的背景信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "前两个子问题的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3991,
|
||
"question": "Deformation of a semicrystalline polymer by drawing produces which of the following in the direction of drawing?",
|
||
"answer": "Increase in strength in the direction of drawing.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，虽然题目中没有明确列出选项，但根据问题的结构和答案的形式可以推断这是一个选择题。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对半结晶聚合物变形行为的基本概念记忆，只需知道拉伸会导致强度增加这一基本原理即可作答，不涉及复杂分析或计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆层次，考察的是对半结晶聚合物拉伸变形后性能变化的基本理解。虽然需要记忆特定知识点（拉伸方向强度增加），但不需要复杂的分析或概念区分，属于概念理解和简单辨析的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Increase in strength in the direction of drawing",
|
||
"choice_question": "Deformation of a semicrystalline polymer by drawing produces which of the following in the direction of drawing?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer provided is a clear option that can be used as the correct choice in a single-answer multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供选项，虽然可以推断出这是一个选择题，但缺少具体的选项内容会让做题者感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 3992,
|
||
"question": "Deformation of a semicrystalline polymer by drawing produces which of the following perpendicular to the direction of drawing?",
|
||
"answer": "Decrease in strength perpendicular to the direction of drawing.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从选项中选择正确答案，虽然题目中没有明确列出选项，但答案的形式表明这是一个选择题，需要从多个可能的选项中选择正确的描述。 | 知识层次: 题目考查半结晶聚合物在拉伸变形时垂直于拉伸方向的性能变化，属于基础概念的记忆和理解范畴，不需要复杂的分析或综合应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等偏下难度。虽然涉及半结晶聚合物变形的基本概念，但只需理解拉伸方向与强度变化的关系即可作答，无需复杂分析或多个概念的交叉比较。属于基础概念理解和简单辨析层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Decrease in strength perpendicular to the direction of drawing",
|
||
"choice_question": "Deformation of a semicrystalline polymer by drawing produces which of the following perpendicular to the direction of drawing?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer is a specific statement that can serve as the correct option in a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供选项，虽然题目形式表明是选择题，但缺少具体的选项内容，这会让做题者感到困惑，不知道具体有哪些可能的答案。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的选项内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4029,
|
||
"question": "Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram? The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.",
|
||
"answer": "With the aid of a phase diagram the following may be determined: The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从多个选项中选择关于相图可以确定的信息类型，虽然示例中只给出了一个选项，但完整的题目应该包含多个选项供选择。答案形式也是从选项中选择正确的陈述。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对相图基本功能的理解和记忆，属于基础概念层次 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及基础概念的记忆，即通过相图可以确定特定温度和成分下的相分数。这属于直接记忆性知识，不需要复杂的理解或分析，因此属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer provided corresponds to one of the options that would be presented in a single-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中只提供了一个选项，而选择题通常需要多个选项供选择。缺少其他选项使得题目不完整，可能让做题者感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少其他选项"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4044,
|
||
"question": "Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of a donor impurity?(a) Impurity(b) Hole",
|
||
"answer": "The presence of a donor impurity introduces electrons into a semiconductor.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_1",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从给定的选项(a)和(b)中选择正确答案，符合选择题的特征 | 知识层次: 题目考查半导体中施主杂质引入载流子的基本概念，属于定义和基本原理的记忆性知识。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于基础概念记忆类型，仅需识别和回忆半导体中施主杂质引入的载流子类型（电子）。题目直接考察定义性知识，无需复杂理解或分析，属于最简单的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Electron",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of a donor impurity?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer provided corresponds to a standard term (electron) that can be one of the options. The question can be converted to a single-choice format by including the correct option among the choices.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于施主杂质的具体信息，虽然材料科学专业的学生应该知道施主杂质会引入电子，但题目中并未明确说明施主杂质的性质或作用机制，这可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "施主杂质的具体性质或作用机制"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4105,
|
||
"question": "Match the fiber type 'Fibers' with its description.",
|
||
"answer": "Fibers are polycrystalline or amorphous materials with small diameters.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求将纤维类型与其描述进行匹配，需要文字解释和论述，而不是从选项中选择或判断对错 | 知识层次: 题目考查对纤维类型基本定义的理解和记忆，属于基础概念记忆性知识 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求匹配纤维类型与其基本定义，属于基础概念记忆的简单任务。正确选项直接给出了纤维的定义，无需复杂推理或比较分析，符合等级1的基本定义简答标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Fibers are polycrystalline or amorphous materials with small diameters.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following best describes 'Fibers'?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard description of a concept, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Fibers'但没有明确说明具体指的是哪种纤维类型，这可能导致做题者困惑，因为纤维有多种类型（如天然纤维、合成纤维等）。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的纤维类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4213,
|
||
"question": "For alloy B with atomic weight 107.6 g/mol, density 13.42 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.133 mm, determine whether its crystal structure is FCC, BCC, or simple cubic and then justify your determination.",
|
||
"answer": "for alloy b, its crystal structure is fcc.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的原子重量、密度和原子半径等参数进行计算，以确定合金的晶体结构类型（FCC、BCC或简单立方）。解答过程需要应用材料科学中的相关公式和数值计算，最终得出晶体结构的结论。答案虽然简短，但背后涉及复杂的计算过程。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用晶体结构计算的相关公式，通过给定的原子量、密度和原子半径来确定晶体结构类型。这涉及到多步计算和概念关联，如计算原子堆积因子（APF）并与不同晶体结构的理论值进行比较。虽然不涉及复杂的推理分析或创新应用，但需要一定的综合分析能力来得出结论。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要综合运用密度公式、晶体结构几何关系、单位换算等多步骤计算，并正确关联FCC/BCC/SC的原子堆积特征才能得出结论。虽然选择题型降低了开放论证的难度，但仍需完成复杂的概念关联和数值计算过程。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "FCC",
|
||
"choice_question": "For alloy B with atomic weight 107.6 g/mol, density 13.42 g/cm³, and atomic radius 0.133 mm, its crystal structure is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is a calculation problem with a definitive answer (FCC, BCC, or simple cubic), which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by listing these options and identifying the correct one.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中给出的原子半径单位是毫米（mm），而在材料科学中，原子半径通常以纳米（nm）或埃（Å）为单位给出。这种单位的不一致可能导致学生在计算时产生困惑或错误。此外，题目没有明确说明合金B的原子半径是指哪种元素的半径（如果是二元或多元合金），这可能影响晶体结构的计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "原子半径的单位是否应为纳米（nm）或埃（Å），以及合金B的组成元素信息（如果是二元或多元合金）。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4230,
|
||
"question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form with copper an interstitial solid solution? Below, atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are tabulated, for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.",
|
||
"answer": "C, H, and O form interstitial solid solutions. These elements have atomic radii that are significantly smaller than the atomic radius of Cu.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释哪些元素会与铜形成间隙固溶体，并需要基于原子半径等性质进行论述，答案提供了具体的解释而非简单的选择或判断。 | 知识层次: 题目要求考生根据给定的元素性质（原子半径、晶体结构、电负性、价态）来判断哪些元素可以与铜形成间隙固溶体。这需要考生理解间隙固溶体的形成条件，并能够综合分析多个因素（如原子半径的差异）来得出结论。虽然不涉及复杂的计算或推理，但需要一定的概念关联和综合分析能力。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于较高难度，需要综合理解原子半径、晶体结构、电负性和价态等多个概念，并进行多步分析和比较。题目要求考生不仅知道哪些元素可以形成间隙固溶体，还要理解为什么这些元素符合条件（原子半径显著小于铜）。这需要考生具备较强的综合分析能力和概念关联能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "C, H, and O",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form with copper an interstitial solid solution? Below, atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are tabulated, for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard set of elements (C, H, and O), which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by listing possible element combinations as options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Below, atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are tabulated, for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.'，但没有提供具体的表格或数据。虽然题目要求考生基于这些性质进行判断，但缺乏这些关键数据会使得考生无法进行有效的分析和选择。",
|
||
"missing_info": "原子半径、晶体结构、电负性和最常见价态的表格数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4235,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the number of atoms per cubic meter in aluminum.",
|
||
"answer": "6.05 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铝中每立方米的原子数），并给出了具体的计算公式和步骤，最终答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算铝中每立方米的原子数，这需要应用基本的密度和摩尔质量公式进行计算，属于直接套用公式的简单应用层次，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用基本公式（如密度和摩尔质量的关系）进行简单计算，无需多个步骤或公式组合。属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6.05 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the number of atoms per cubic meter in aluminum.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算铝中每立方米的原子数，但没有提供铝的密度或摩尔质量等必要数据。虽然这些是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的知识点，但题目中未明确说明是否需要学生自行回忆这些数据，可能会引起困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铝的密度和摩尔质量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4236,
|
||
"question": "The concentration of carbon in an iron-carbon alloy is 0.15 wt%. What is the concentration in kilograms of carbon per cubic meter of alloy?",
|
||
"answer": "the concentration of carbon in the alloy is 11.8 \\mathrm{kg/m^{3}}.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目需要进行数值计算和公式应用，以确定碳在合金中的浓度，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行基本的单位转换和公式应用（浓度换算），但计算过程较为直接，仅涉及单一概念的应用，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及单一公式的直接应用和简单计算，即直接将给定的重量百分比转换为千克每立方米的浓度。解题步骤简单，无需复杂的推导或多步骤计算，属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "11.8 kg/m³",
|
||
"choice_question": "The concentration of carbon in an iron-carbon alloy is 0.15 wt%. What is the concentration in kilograms of carbon per cubic meter of alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供铁碳合金的密度，这是将重量百分比转换为千克每立方米所必需的信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铁碳合金的密度"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4259,
|
||
"question": "Compute the elastic modulus for titanium, whose stress-strain behavior may be observed in the 'Tensile Tests' module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE). How does this value compare with that presented in Table 6.1 for the same metal?",
|
||
"answer": "(a) the elastic modulus for titanium is 106.4 gpa, which is in very good agreement with the value of 107 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算钛的弹性模量，并与表格中的参考值进行比较。解答过程涉及数值计算和结果对比，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算钛的弹性模量，并与参考值进行比较。这涉及基本的应力-应变曲线分析和简单计算，属于直接套用公式和基本概念的应用层次，不需要多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用弹性模量的基本概念和简单计算，无需多个公式组合或复杂分析。题目提供了明确的数值比较，属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the elastic modulus for titanium is 106.4 gpa, which is in very good agreement with the value of 107 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the elastic modulus for titanium, and how does it compare with the value presented in Table 6.1?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific statement that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the correct comparison.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Table 6.1'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容或上下文，这会让做题者无法直接比较计算得到的弹性模量与表格中的参考值。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Table 6.1的具体内容或上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4260,
|
||
"question": "Compute the elastic modulus for tempered steel, whose stress-strain behavior may be observed in the 'Tensile Tests' module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE). How does this value compare with that presented in Table 6.1 for the same metal?",
|
||
"answer": "(b) the elastic modulus for tempered steel is 204.7 gpa, which is in reasonably good agreement with the value of 207 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算回火钢的弹性模量，并与表格中的数值进行比较。解答过程涉及数值计算和结果对比，符合计算题的特征。答案给出了具体的计算数值（204.7 GPa）和对比结果，进一步验证了这是一个计算题。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算弹性模量，并比较给定表格中的数值。这涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用给定的弹性模量数值进行比较，无需复杂计算或公式组合。属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用层次，因此难度等级为1。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the elastic modulus for tempered steel is 204.7 gpa, which is in reasonably good agreement with the value of 207 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the elastic modulus for tempered steel, and how does it compare with the value presented in Table 6.1 for the same metal?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific statement that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the correct comparison.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目提到'Table 6.1'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容，这会让做题者无法进行比较。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Table 6.1的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4261,
|
||
"question": "Compute the elastic modulus for aluminum, whose stress-strain behavior may be observed in the 'Tensile Tests' module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE). How does this value compare with that presented in Table 6.1 for the same metal?",
|
||
"answer": "(c) the elastic modulus for aluminum is 69.1 gpa, which is in excellent agreement with the value of 69 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算铝的弹性模量，并将计算结果与表格中的值进行比较。答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（69.1 GPa）和比较结论，这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求通过应力-应变行为计算铝的弹性模量，并将计算结果与参考表中的数值进行比较。这主要涉及基本公式的应用和简单计算，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用已知的弹性模量数值进行比较，无需进行任何计算或公式应用。题目要求的知识点掌握深度较浅，解题步骤极其简单，属于单一数值直接比较的题型，因此属于等级1难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the elastic modulus for aluminum is 69.1 gpa, which is in excellent agreement with the value of 69 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the elastic modulus for aluminum, and how does it compare with the value presented in Table 6.1?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific statement that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the correct comparison of the elastic modulus.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Table 6.1'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容，这会让做题者无法进行比较。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Table 6.1的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4262,
|
||
"question": "Compute the elastic modulus for carbon steel, whose stress-strain behavior may be observed in the 'Tensile Tests' module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE). How does this value compare with that presented in Table 6.1 for the same metal?",
|
||
"answer": "(d) the elastic modulus for carbon steel is 215 gpa, which is in reasonable agreement with the value of 207 gpa from table 6.1.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算得出碳钢的弹性模量，并与参考表中的数值进行比较。虽然答案给出了具体数值，但解题过程需要基于应力-应变曲线进行计算，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算碳钢的弹性模量，并将计算结果与参考表中的数值进行比较。这主要涉及基本的应力-应变关系理解和简单的数值计算，属于直接套用基本公式和简单比较的范畴，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目仅需要直接应用给定的弹性模量数值进行比较，无需任何计算或复杂分析。属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用层次，是最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "the elastic modulus for carbon steel is 215 gpa, which is in reasonable agreement with the value of 207 gpa from table 6.1",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the elastic modulus for carbon steel, and how does it compare with the value presented in Table 6.1?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific statement that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the correct comparison of the elastic modulus.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Table 6.1'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容或来源，这会让做题者无法进行比较。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Table 6.1的具体内容或来源"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4292,
|
||
"question": "If the specific surface energy for soda-lime glass is 0.30 J/ m^{2}, using data contained in Table 12.5, compute the critical stress required for the propagation of a surface crack of length 0.05 mm.",
|
||
"answer": "the critical stress required for the propagation of a surface crack of length 0.05 mm is 16.2 MPa.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的数据和公式（特定表面能和裂纹长度）进行数值计算，以得出临界应力值。答案是一个具体的数值结果（16.2 MPa），这表明解答过程涉及计算步骤和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析，仅需套用临界应力公式进行计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于最低难度等级。题目仅需直接套用临界应力公式（σ_c = √(2Eγ_s/πa)），代入给定的比表面能（0.30 J/m²）和裂纹长度（0.05 mm）即可完成计算。所有参数均已明确给出，无需任何概念转换或多步骤推导，完全符合\"单一公式直接计算\"的特征。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "16.2 MPa",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the specific surface energy for soda-lime glass is 0.30 J/m², using data contained in Table 12.5, what is the critical stress required for the propagation of a surface crack of length 0.05 mm?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'using data contained in Table 12.5'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉相关数据，但缺少表格信息可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Table 12.5的具体内容"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4298,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the maximum internal crack length allowable for a 7075-T651 aluminum alloy (Table 8.1) component that is loaded to a stress one half of its yield strength. Assume that the value of Y is 1.35 .",
|
||
"answer": "the maximum internal crack length allowable is 0.0033 \\, m (3.3 mm).",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解最大内部裂纹长度，答案是一个具体的数值结果（0.0033 m），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及材料力学性能参数的应用和公式推导（如断裂力学中的裂纹长度计算），需要理解材料性能参数的意义并正确应用公式，属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解断裂力学的基本概念（如应力强度因子、临界裂纹长度等），进行多步计算（包括查表获取材料参数、代入公式求解等），并综合分析应力与裂纹长度的关系。虽然题目提供了部分参数，但仍需考生具备一定的应用能力和计算技巧。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.0033 m (3.3 mm)",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the maximum internal crack length allowable for a 7075-T651 aluminum alloy (Table 8.1) component that is loaded to a stress one half of its yield strength, assuming Y is 1.35?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'Table 8.1'，但没有提供该表格的具体内容，如7075-T651铝合金的屈服强度或断裂韧性等关键参数。这些参数是解题所必需的，且不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的知识点。",
|
||
"missing_info": "7075-T651铝合金的屈服强度和断裂韧性等关键参数（来自Table 8.1）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4312,
|
||
"question": "For alloys of two hypothetical metals A and B, there exist an α, A-rich phase and a β, B-rich phase. From the mass fractions of both phases for two different alloys provided in the table below, (which are at the same temperature), determine the composition of the phase boundary (or solubility limit) for the α phase at this temperature.",
|
||
"answer": "the composition of the phase boundary for the α phase is 90 wt% A-10 wt% B.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据给定的质量分数数据计算相界（或溶解度极限）的组成，需要通过数值计算和公式应用来得出具体结果（90 wt% A-10 wt% B）。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用杠杆法则（lever rule）进行多步计算，涉及相图的理解和相组成的分析，需要将给定的质量分数数据转化为相边界组成，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解相图的基本概念，能够根据质量分数计算相组成，并进行综合分析。题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，但选项已经给出了明确的答案，减少了部分复杂性。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "90 wt% A-10 wt% B",
|
||
"choice_question": "For alloys of two hypothetical metals A and B, there exist an α, A-rich phase and a β, B-rich phase. From the mass fractions of both phases for two different alloys provided in the table below, (which are at the same temperature), the composition of the phase boundary (or solubility limit) for the α phase at this temperature is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific composition (90 wt% A-10 wt% B), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到有一个表格提供了两种不同合金的质量分数数据，但实际题目中并未提供该表格。缺少这些数据，学生无法进行计算和分析。",
|
||
"missing_info": "表格中两种不同合金的质量分数数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4316,
|
||
"question": "What will be the approximate temperature of the alloy?",
|
||
"answer": "the approximate temperature of the alloy is 190 degrees c.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求提供一个具体的温度值作为答案，而不是从选项中选择或判断对错，也不需要复杂的计算或公式应用。答案是一个简短的陈述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据已知信息直接给出合金的近似温度，属于基本信息的应用，不需要复杂的计算或深入的分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于简单难度，题目仅要求对合金温度进行近似判断，且正确选项直接给出了具体数值，无需复杂计算或深入分析。知识层次为简单应用，符合等级2的标准。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "190 degrees c",
|
||
"choice_question": "What will be the approximate temperature of the alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "severe",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于合金的具体信息或背景条件，无法判断温度的依据",
|
||
"missing_info": "合金的具体类型、当前状态（如是否在加热或冷却过程中）、环境条件等必要信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4351,
|
||
"question": "What is the first possible composition of the alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?",
|
||
"answer": "for the first case, the composition is c0 = 0.70 wt % c.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过计算确定合金的组成，涉及质量分数和成分的计算，答案给出了具体的数值结果（0.70 wt % c），表明需要通过计算得出答案。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要理解相图、质量分数计算以及合金成分的确定，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解合金相图、质量分数计算和共析反应等概念，并进行多步计算和综合分析。题目要求根据给定的共析铁素体质量分数反推合金成分，涉及多个知识点的关联应用和计算步骤。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.70 wt % c",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the first possible composition of the alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a choice in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了共析铁素体的质量分数为0.82，但没有提供相关的相图或具体的合金系统信息，这使得解题者无法确定如何从质量分数反推合金成分。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少相关的相图或合金系统的具体信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4352,
|
||
"question": "What is the second possible composition of the alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?",
|
||
"answer": "for the second case, the composition is c0 = 1.22 wt % c.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算合金的第二种可能组成，需要应用质量分数和相图知识进行数值计算。答案给出了具体的数值结果（1.22 wt % c），表明这是一个需要计算过程的问题。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及多步计算和概念关联，需要理解相图、质量分数计算以及合金成分的确定，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及合金成分的计算，需要掌握质量分数和共析铁素体的概念，并进行多步计算。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程需要综合分析多个知识点，属于中等应用层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.22 wt % c",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the second possible composition of the alloy if the mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite is 0.82?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a single correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'第二种可能的合金组成'，但没有提供第一种可能的组成或任何相关的相图信息，这使得解题者无法确定参考点或计算基础。",
|
||
"missing_info": "第一种可能的合金组成或相关的相图信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4438,
|
||
"question": "How many Al2+ ions must be added to form each of these defects?",
|
||
"answer": "One magnesium vacancy would be formed for every two Al3+ ions added.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释形成特定缺陷所需的离子数量关系，答案提供了文字解释而非数值计算或选择判断，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解缺陷形成的原理，并能够进行多步推理和计算，涉及离子替换和电荷平衡的概念关联，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解缺陷化学中的电荷补偿机制，并进行多步计算和概念关联。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但学生仍需掌握Al3+离子与镁空位之间的定量关系，并能综合分析电荷平衡问题。这超出了简单的记忆或单一概念应用，属于中等应用层次的要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "One magnesium vacancy would be formed for every two Al3+ ions added.",
|
||
"choice_question": "How many Al2+ ions must be added to form each of these defects?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard statement that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'each of these defects'，但没有明确说明具体是哪些缺陷，导致学生无法准确理解题目要求。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的缺陷类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4461,
|
||
"question": "Compare the softening points for 96% silica, borosilicate, and soda-lime glasses.",
|
||
"answer": "The softening point of a glass is that temperature at which the viscosity is 4 × 10^{6} \\mathrm{~Pa}·s; from Figure 13.7, these temperatures for the 96% silica, borosilicate, and soda-lime glasses are 1540^{\\circ} C\\left(2800^{\\circ} F\\right), 830^{\\circ} C\\left(1525^{\\circ} F\\right), and 700^{\\circ} C\\left(1290^{\\circ} F\\right), respectively.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求比较不同玻璃的软化点，答案提供了详细的温度数据并解释了软化点的定义，属于需要文字解释和论述的简答题类型。 | 知识层次: 题目主要考查对不同类型玻璃软化点的记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识，不需要复杂的分析或应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等难度。虽然题目涉及多个玻璃类型的软化点比较，但正确选项直接提供了具体数值和来源（Figure 13.7），不需要复杂的推导或分析。主要考察的是对基础概念（软化点定义）和不同类型玻璃特性的记忆能力。解题步骤相对简单，只需识别和匹配给定的数据即可。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The softening point of a glass is that temperature at which the viscosity is 4 × 10^{6} \\mathrm{~Pa}·s; from Figure 13.7, these temperatures for the 96% silica, borosilicate, and soda-lime glasses are 1540^{\\circ} C\\left(2800^{\\circ} F\\right), 830^{\\circ} C\\left(1525^{\\circ} F\\right), and 700^{\\circ} C\\left(1290^{\\circ} F\\right), respectively.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Compare the softening points for 96% silica, borosilicate, and soda-lime glasses.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific and detailed explanation that can be directly used as the correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by presenting the answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了Figure 13.7作为软化点数据的来源，但没有提供该图表的具体内容或上下文信息。这可能导致学生无法验证或理解数据的来源和准确性。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Figure 13.7的具体内容或相关上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4534,
|
||
"question": "In an aligned and continuous glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 94% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. Using the data provided, determine the volume fraction of fibers that will be required.",
|
||
"answer": "the required volume fraction of fibers is 0.393.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定纤维的体积分数，答案是一个具体的数值（0.393），这表明解答过程涉及计算步骤。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用复合材料力学中的基本公式（如载荷分配公式），进行多步计算以确定纤维体积分数。虽然不涉及复杂的综合分析或推理，但需要理解载荷分配原理并进行数值计算，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解复合材料中纤维承载比例与体积分数的关系，并进行多步计算。题目要求将载荷分配比例转化为体积分数，涉及材料力学和复合材料原理的综合应用，计算过程需要正确关联多个概念和公式。虽然题目提供了明确的计算目标，但解题步骤仍需要一定的综合分析能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.393",
|
||
"choice_question": "In an aligned and continuous glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 94% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. Using the data provided, determine the volume fraction of fibers that will be required.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the data provided'，但没有提供任何具体的数据（如纤维和基体的弹性模量等），这使得解题者无法进行计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "纤维和基体的弹性模量等必要数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4547,
|
||
"question": "Demonstrate that the value of F in Equation 17.19 is 96,500 C/mol.",
|
||
"answer": "The faraday constant F is 96,500 C/mol.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过文字解释和论述来证明法拉第常数的值，而不是进行数值计算或选择选项。答案提供了明确的陈述，但需要进一步的解释和推导过程来支持这一结论。 | 知识层次: 题目考查法拉第常数的记忆，属于基础概念的记忆性知识，不需要复杂的应用或分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅要求记忆法拉第常数的具体数值（96,500 C/mol），属于基础概念记忆层次。题目仅涉及单一知识点的直接回忆，无需解释或分析步骤，因此属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "The faraday constant F is 96,500 C/mol.",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the value of F in Equation 17.19?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term or concept (the faraday constant), which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Equation 17.19'，但没有提供该方程的具体内容或上下文，导致学生无法理解F的具体含义或如何证明其值。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Equation 17.19的具体内容或上下文信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4563,
|
||
"question": "Briefly explain why, for a small anode-to-cathode area ratio, the corrosion rate will be higher than for a large ratio.",
|
||
"answer": "For a small anode-to-cathode area ratio, the corrosion rate will be higher than for A large ratio. The reason for this is that for some given current flow associated with the corrosion reaction, for a small area ratio the current density at the anode will be greater than for a large ratio. The corrosion rate is proportional to the current density (i) according to Equation.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求简要解释为什么小阳极-阴极面积比会导致更高的腐蚀速率，答案提供了详细的文字解释和论述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解阳极-阴极面积比对腐蚀速率的影响机制，并运用电流密度的概念进行解释，涉及多步概念关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解阳极-阴极面积比的概念，并能将其与电流密度和腐蚀速率的关系联系起来进行分析。题目要求考生能够综合应用电化学腐蚀的基本原理，但不需要进行复杂的多角度或深度关联性分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "For a small anode-to-cathode area ratio, the corrosion rate will be higher than for a large ratio. The reason for this is that for some given current flow associated with the corrosion reaction, for a small area ratio the current density at the anode will be greater than for a large ratio. The corrosion rate is proportional to the current density (i) according to Equation.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Why, for a small anode-to-cathode area ratio, the corrosion rate will be higher than for a large ratio?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard explanation that can be directly used as a correct option in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit a multiple-choice format by asking for the reason behind the phenomenon.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Equation'但没有提供具体的方程或公式，这可能会让考生困惑，因为他们无法验证腐蚀速率与电流密度之间的具体数学关系。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的方程或公式，用于说明腐蚀速率与电流密度之间的比例关系。"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4565,
|
||
"question": "What possible mechanisms account for their effectiveness?",
|
||
"answer": "Possible mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of inhibitors are: (1) elimination of a chemically active species in the solution; (2) attachment of inhibitor molecules to the corroding surface so as to interfere with either the oxidation or reduction reaction; and (3) the formation of a very thin and protective coating on the corroding surface.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "complex_analysis",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "复杂分析",
|
||
"difficulty": 5,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_5",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释可能的机制，答案提供了详细的文字解释和论述，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求解释抑制剂有效性的可能机制，涉及多个复杂机理的分析和综合理解，需要将不同机制关联起来进行推理和解释，思维过程深度较高。 | 难度: 在选择题型内，该题目属于最高难度等级。题目要求考生综合运用材料科学知识，深入理解腐蚀抑制剂的三种作用机理，并能解释其有效性。这需要考生具备复杂现象全面分析的能力，包括：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Possible mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of inhibitors are: (1) elimination of a chemically active species in the solution; (2) attachment of inhibitor molecules to the corroding surface so as to interfere with either the oxidation or reduction reaction; and (3) the formation of a very thin and protective coating on the corroding surface.",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of the following describes the possible mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of inhibitors?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard and well-defined explanation, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'possible mechanisms that account for the effectiveness of inhibitors'，但没有明确说明是哪种抑制剂或具体的腐蚀环境，这可能会让考生对抑制剂的具体应用场景产生疑问。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的抑制剂类型或腐蚀环境背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4569,
|
||
"question": "Compute the resistance over the entire 51mm (2 in.) of the specimen.",
|
||
"answer": "the resistance is r = 168 ω.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（Compute the resistance），并且答案给出了具体的数值结果（r = 168 ω），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求进行基本的电阻计算，仅涉及单一公式的直接应用和简单数值计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求计算电阻，仅需直接套用基本公式（如欧姆定律或电阻公式）并进行简单计算即可得出答案。无需多个公式组合或复杂步骤，符合等级1的定义。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "168 ω",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the resistance over the entire 51mm (2 in.) of the specimen?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算电阻，但没有提供电阻率、横截面积或电流等必要参数。这些信息是计算电阻所必需的，不属于材料科学专业学生应该记忆的知识点。",
|
||
"missing_info": "电阻率、横截面积或电流等必要参数"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4571,
|
||
"question": "Under these circumstances, how long does it take an electron to traverse a 25-mm (1-in.) length of crystal?",
|
||
"answer": "the time required for an electron to traverse a 25-mm length of crystal is 6.6 × 10^-5 s.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算电子通过25毫米晶体所需的时间，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（6.6 × 10^-5 s），这表明需要进行数值计算和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本公式应用和简单计算，仅需直接套用公式计算电子穿越晶体所需时间，无需多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及单一公式的直接计算，即计算电子通过给定长度晶体所需的时间。题目明确给出了正确选项，且解题步骤简单，仅需套用基本公式进行简单计算即可得出答案。因此，在选择题型内属于最低难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "6.6 × 10^-5 s",
|
||
"choice_question": "Under these circumstances, how long does it take an electron to traverse a 25-mm (1-in.) length of crystal?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未提供电子在晶体中的迁移速度或相关参数，如电场强度、电子迁移率等，这些是计算电子通过晶体所需时间的关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "电子在晶体中的迁移速度或相关参数（如电场强度、电子迁移率等）"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4634,
|
||
"question": "Without consulting Figure or Table, determine whether the electron configuration (1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5}) is an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a transition metal. Justify your choice.",
|
||
"answer": "The (1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5}) electron configuration is that of a halogen because it is one electron deficient from having a filled (p) subshell.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "basic_concepts",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "基础概念记忆",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求根据电子排布判断元素类别，并需要文字解释和论述来证明选择。答案提供了详细的解释，说明为什么该电子排布对应卤素，这符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目考查对电子构型与元素分类之间关系的基本概念记忆和理解，只需根据电子构型判断元素类别，无需复杂分析或计算。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于中等偏下难度。虽然需要记忆电子构型与元素分类的基本对应关系，但解题步骤相对直接，只需识别电子构型并匹配到对应的元素类别（卤素）。不需要复杂的分析或比较多个概念，仅需基础概念的记忆和简单应用。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "a halogen",
|
||
"choice_question": "Without consulting Figure or Table, determine whether the electron configuration (1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5}) is:",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (a halogen) which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question. The question can be rephrased to fit the multiple-choice format by listing the possible categories (inert gas, halogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal) as options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Without consulting Figure or Table'，但未提供具体的图表信息，这可能导致学生无法确认电子构型对应的元素类别。",
|
||
"missing_info": "相关的图表或表格信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4653,
|
||
"question": "If the atomic radius of lead is 0.175nm, calculate the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters.",
|
||
"answer": "the volume of the unit cell is 1.213 × 10^{-28} m^{3}.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解单位晶胞的体积，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目要求根据给定的原子半径计算单位晶胞的体积，这属于基本公式的直接应用和简单计算，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需直接套用基本公式（立方体体积公式 V = a³，其中 a 为晶胞边长）进行简单计算。题目已给出原子半径，且未涉及多步骤推导或复杂概念转换，属于单一公式直接计算的典型等级1难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.213 × 10^{-28} m^{3}",
|
||
"choice_question": "If the atomic radius of lead is 0.175nm, what is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer to the calculation question is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中未说明铅的晶体结构类型（如面心立方、体心立方等），而不同晶体结构的单位晶胞体积计算公式不同。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铅的晶体结构类型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4675,
|
||
"question": "The number-average molecular weight of a polystyrene is 500,000g / mol. Compute the degree of polymerization.\n\\title{",
|
||
"answer": "the degree of polymerization is 4800.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解聚合度，答案是一个具体的数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算聚合度，涉及基本公式应用（分子量除以重复单元分子量）和简单计算，属于直接套用公式的简单应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目要求计算聚合度，只需要应用分子量与单体分子量的简单除法公式即可得出结果，无需复杂的推理或多步骤计算。因此，在选择题型内属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4800",
|
||
"choice_question": "The number-average molecular weight of a polystyrene is 500,000g / mol. What is the degree of polymerization?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供聚苯乙烯重复单元的分子量，这是计算聚合度所必需的关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "聚苯乙烯重复单元的分子量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4680,
|
||
"question": "The number-average molecular weight of a poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene) alternating copolymer is 1,000,000g / mol; determine the average number of acrylonitrile and butadiene repeat units per molecule.",
|
||
"answer": "the average number of acrylonitrile and butadiene repeat units per molecule is 9333.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算确定高分子链中重复单元的平均数量，需要应用分子量和重复单元分子量的公式进行计算，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目需要计算交替共聚物的重复单元数量，涉及分子量的概念和公式应用，需要多步计算和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理分析或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解交替共聚物的分子量计算概念，掌握重复单元分子量的计算，并进行多步综合运算才能得出正确结果。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及分子结构分析、摩尔质量计算和除法运算等多个步骤，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "9333",
|
||
"choice_question": "The number-average molecular weight of a poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene) alternating copolymer is 1,000,000g / mol; determine the average number of acrylonitrile and butadiene repeat units per molecule.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "计算题的答案是确定的数值，可以转换为单选题格式。",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少丙烯腈和丁二烯重复单元的分子量信息，这是计算重复单元数量所必需的数据。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉这些重复单元的分子量，但题目没有提供这些数据，可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "丙烯腈和丁二烯重复单元的分子量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4693,
|
||
"question": "(c) What is ratio of N_V/N(1357 K) and N_V/N(298 K) ?",
|
||
"answer": "the ratio of n_v/n(1357 k) to n_v/n(298 k) is 7.5 × 10^11.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算两个温度下的N_V/N比值之比，并给出了具体的数值结果（7.5 × 10^11），这表明需要进行数值计算和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及不同温度下的比值计算，需要理解和应用相关公式，并综合分析计算结果。虽然不涉及复杂的推理或创新设计，但比简单应用更复杂。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解空位浓度与温度的关系公式，并进行两步独立计算（1357K和298K条件下的N_V/N比值），最后还需要对两个结果进行比值运算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及多个物理概念的关联和综合计算步骤，超出了基础选择题的范畴。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "7.5 × 10^11",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the ratio of N_V/N(1357 K) to N_V/N(298 K)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算N_V/N比值所需的必要参数或公式，如空位形成能（E_v）或玻尔兹曼常数（k_B）等。虽然这些可能是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的知识点，但题目没有提供任何提示或背景信息，可能导致学生在没有明确上下文的情况下感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "空位形成能（E_v）、玻尔兹曼常数（k_B）或相关公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4706,
|
||
"question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form a substitutional solid solution having complete solubility with nickel? The four Hume-Rothery rules must be satisfied: (1) the difference in atomic radii between Ni and the other element (ΔR%) must be less than ±15%; (2) the crystal structures must be the same; (3) the electronegativities must be similar; and (4) the valences should be the same.",
|
||
"answer": "Pt is the only element that meets all of the criteria and thus forms a substitutional solid solution having complete solubility. At elevated temperatures Co and Fe experience allotropic transformations to the FCC crystal structure, and thus display complete solid solubility at these temperatures.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从给定的元素中选择满足Hume-Rothery规则的选项，并给出了具体的选择标准。答案明确指出Pt是唯一符合条件的元素，符合选择题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求应用Hume-Rothery规则进行综合分析，涉及多个条件的判断（原子半径差异、晶体结构、电负性、价态），需要将多个概念关联起来进行推理，属于中等应用层次。虽然不涉及复杂计算，但需要综合运用多个知识点进行分析判断。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度，原因如下：",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Pt",
|
||
"choice_question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form a substitutional solid solution having complete solubility with nickel? The four Hume-Rothery rules must be satisfied: (1) the difference in atomic radii between Ni and the other element (ΔR%) must be less than ±15%; (2) the crystal structures must be the same; (3) the electronegativities must be similar; and (4) the valences should be the same.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer specifies a single correct option (Pt). Therefore, it can be converted to a single-choice question by extracting the correct option and keeping the question text as is.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'Which of these elements'，但没有提供具体的元素选项列表。虽然正确选项是Pt，但缺乏其他可能的选项，使得题目不完整。",
|
||
"missing_info": "具体的元素选项列表"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4714,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the number of atoms per cubic meter in \\mathrm{Pb}.",
|
||
"answer": "3.30 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算铅中每立方米的原子数），并给出了具体的数值答案，这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求计算铅的原子密度，这涉及基本的公式应用（如密度、摩尔质量和阿伏伽德罗常数的关系）和简单计算。虽然需要理解相关概念，但计算过程直接，不需要多步推理或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用基本公式（如密度、摩尔质量和阿伏伽德罗常数的关系）进行简单计算，无需多个公式组合或复杂推理。属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.30 × 10^{28} atoms/m^3",
|
||
"choice_question": "Calculate the number of atoms per cubic meter in \\mathrm{Pb}.",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目要求计算铅中每立方米的原子数，但没有提供铅的密度或摩尔质量等必要数据。虽然这些数据可能是材料科学专业学生应该掌握的，但题目没有明确说明是否允许或要求学生记忆这些数据。",
|
||
"missing_info": "铅的密度和/或摩尔质量"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4716,
|
||
"question": "The concentration of \\mathrm{Si} in an \\mathrm{Fe}-\\mathrm{Si} alloy is 0.25 wt%. What is the concentration in kilograms of Si per cubic meter of alloy?",
|
||
"answer": "the concentration of \\mathrm{si} is 19.6kg / m^{3}.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算和公式应用，以确定硅在合金中的浓度，答案是一个具体的数值结果。 | 知识层次: 题目涉及基本的浓度单位转换和简单的公式应用，不需要多步计算或综合分析，属于直接套用基本公式的简单应用。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅涉及单一公式的直接计算（将重量百分比转换为体积浓度），无需复杂步骤或多公式组合。学生只需应用基本转换公式即可得出正确答案，属于最基础的难度等级。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "19.6 kg/m³",
|
||
"choice_question": "The concentration of Si in an Fe-Si alloy is 0.25 wt%. What is the concentration in kilograms of Si per cubic meter of alloy?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, making it suitable for conversion into a multiple-choice question format where the correct option can be clearly identified.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中没有提供Fe-Si合金的密度，这是将重量百分比转换为体积浓度（kg/m³）所必需的信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能知道纯铁的密度，但Fe-Si合金的密度会因硅含量的不同而变化，因此这是一个关键缺失信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "Fe-Si合金的密度"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4718,
|
||
"question": "Calculate the unit cell edge length for an 80 wt% \\mathrm{Ag}-20 wt% \\mathrm{Pd} alloy. All of the palladium is in solid solution, the crystal structure for this alloy is FCC, and the roomtemperature density of P d is 12.02g / {cm}^{3}.",
|
||
"answer": "the unit cell edge length for an 80 wt% \\mathrm{ag}-20 wt% \\mathrm{pd} alloy is 0.4050nm.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解合金的单位晶胞边长，答案是一个具体的数值结果（0.4050nm），符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括合金密度计算、原子质量计算和晶格常数计算，涉及多个概念的综合应用和关联分析。虽然不涉及复杂的推理或机理解释，但需要一定的综合分析能力和公式应用技巧。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解合金成分、晶体结构（FCC）、密度计算等多个概念，并进行多步骤的综合计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程涉及单位转换、质量分数与原子分数的转换、以及晶格常数的计算，这些步骤在选择题型中属于较为复杂的综合分析问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.4050nm",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the unit cell edge length for an 80 wt% Ag-20 wt% Pd alloy, given that all of the palladium is in solid solution, the crystal structure for this alloy is FCC, and the room-temperature density of Pd is 12.02 g/cm³?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少银（Ag）的密度信息，这是计算合金密度和最终单位晶胞边长所必需的数据。虽然题目提供了钯（Pd）的密度，但合金由80 wt% Ag和20 wt% Pd组成，因此需要Ag的密度来计算合金的整体密度。",
|
||
"missing_info": "银（Ag）的密度"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4749,
|
||
"question": "A cylindrical rod 500mm (20.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 12.7mm (0.50 in.) is to be subjected to a tensile load of 29,000 N (6500 lb). Which of the four metals or alloys listed in the table can experience neither plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 1.3mm (0.05 in.)?",
|
||
"answer": "Of the four metal alloys listed, only brass and steel satisfy the stipulated criteria. Brass has an elongation of 1.15 mm, and steel has an elongation of 0.56 mm, both of which are less than the maximum allowed elongation of 1.3 mm.",
|
||
"question_type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"question_type_name": "选择题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 4,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求从四个金属或合金中选择满足特定条件的材料，答案明确指出了符合条件的选项，符合选择题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求考生在给定的条件下，通过计算和比较多个金属或合金的性能参数（如塑性变形和伸长量），来判断哪些材料满足特定的工程要求。这涉及到多步计算（如应力、应变的计算）和综合分析（比较不同材料的性能），属于中等应用层次。虽然不涉及复杂的机理分析或创新设计，但需要考生能够关联多个概念并进行综合判断。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于较高难度。首先，题目要求考生进行多步计算，包括应力、应变和伸长量的计算。其次，需要考生综合分析材料性能表格中的数据，并将计算结果与题目要求进行比较。此外，题目还涉及塑性变形和弹性变形的概念理解，要求考生能够将理论知识与实际应用相结合。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程较为复杂，需要较强的综合分析能力和计算能力，因此在选择题型中属于等级4的难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "Brass and steel",
|
||
"choice_question": "A cylindrical rod 500mm (20.0 in.) long and having a diameter of 12.7mm (0.50 in.) is to be subjected to a tensile load of 29,000 N (6500 lb). Which of the four metals or alloys listed in the table can experience neither plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 1.3mm (0.05 in.)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The original question is already in a multiple-choice format, and the answer specifies which options are correct. It can be directly converted to a single-choice question by selecting the correct options as the answer.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了'four metals or alloys listed in the table'，但没有提供这个表格的具体内容。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉常见的金属或合金的性能参数，但题目中提到的具体四种金属或合金及其性能参数是解题的关键信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "四种金属或合金的性能参数表格"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4762,
|
||
"question": "At what volume percent porosity will the modulus of elasticity for titanium carbide (TiC) be 240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi)?",
|
||
"answer": "the volume percent porosity at which the modulus of elasticity is 240 gpa (35 x 10^6 psi) is 17.1 vol%.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定钛碳化物的体积百分比孔隙率，以达到特定的弹性模量值。答案是一个具体的数值结果（17.1 vol%），这表明需要进行计算才能得出答案。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及弹性模量与孔隙率的关系公式应用，需要综合分析材料性能参数并运用数学计算得出结果，属于中等应用层次。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解弹性模量与孔隙率的关系公式（如经验公式或理论模型），进行多步代数运算或查表计算，并正确应用单位换算（GPa与psi）。虽然题目提供了具体数值，但解题过程涉及材料性能参数的综合分析和公式推导能力，比单纯的概念识别题更复杂。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "17.1 vol%",
|
||
"choice_question": "At what volume percent porosity will the modulus of elasticity for titanium carbide (TiC) be 240 GPa (35 x 10^6 psi)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目没有提供弹性模量与孔隙率之间的关系公式或模型，这是解题的关键信息。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉相关公式，但题目并未明确说明使用哪个具体公式（如Hasselman公式、经验公式等），这可能导致解题时的困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "弹性模量与孔隙率之间的关系公式或模型"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4813,
|
||
"question": "A cylindrical specimen 13.2mm in diameter of an S-590 alloy is to be exposed to a tensile load of 27,000N. At approximately what temperature will the steady-state creep be 10^{-3} h^{-1} ?",
|
||
"answer": "the temperature would be approximately 775^\\circ c.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来确定特定条件下的温度值，答案是一个具体的数值（775°C），这表明解答过程涉及计算和可能的数据查找或插值。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，包括应用蠕变速率公式和材料性能参数，涉及概念关联和综合分析，但不需要复杂的推理分析或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解多个概念并进行比较分析。题目涉及圆柱形试样的直径、拉伸载荷以及稳态蠕变速率，要求考生能够综合运用材料科学中的蠕变理论和相关公式进行计算。虽然题目提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要多步骤计算和概念关联，包括应力计算、蠕变方程的运用以及温度的反推，这些步骤在选择题型中属于较为复杂的计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "775°C",
|
||
"choice_question": "A cylindrical specimen 13.2mm in diameter of an S-590 alloy is to be exposed to a tensile load of 27,000N. At approximately what temperature will the steady-state creep be 10^{-3} h^{-1}?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question is a calculation problem with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少关于S-590合金的蠕变性能参数或相关公式，这些信息是计算稳态蠕变速率对应的温度所必需的。虽然材料科学专业的学生可能熟悉这些参数，但题目没有提供任何提示或参考数据，可能导致解题困难。",
|
||
"missing_info": "S-590合金的蠕变性能参数（如应力指数、激活能等）或相关蠕变速率公式"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4815,
|
||
"question": "Steady-state creep rate data are given in the following table for some alloy taken at 200^{\\circ} C(473 K) :\n\\begin{tabular}{ll}\n\\hlines\\left(h^{-1}\\right) & \\sigma[MPa(psi)] \\\\\n\\hline 2.5 × 10^{-3} & 55(8000) \\\\\n2.4 × 10^{-2} & 69(10,000) \\\\\n\\hline\n\\end{tabular}\nIf it is known that the activation energy for creep is 140,000 J/ mol, compute the steady-state creep rate at a temperature of 250^{\\circ} C(523 K) and a stress level of 48 MPa(7000 psi).",
|
||
"answer": "the steady-state creep rate at 250^{\\circ} C and 48 MPa is 1.94 × 10^{-2} h^{-1}.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的数据和公式（蠕变速率与温度、应力的关系）进行数值计算，最终得出一个具体的数值结果（1.94 × 10^{-2} h^{-1}）。解答过程涉及公式应用和数值计算，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用稳态蠕变速率的公式，涉及多步计算和温度、应力对蠕变速率的影响分析。虽然题目给出了激活能，但仍需理解并应用相关公式进行计算，属于中等难度的应用题目。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解稳态蠕变速率与温度、应力的关系，并应用阿伦尼乌斯公式进行多步计算。题目涉及多个变量（温度、应力、活化能）的综合分析，且需要正确代入和转换单位。虽然提供了正确选项，但解题过程需要较强的概念关联和计算能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "1.94 × 10^{-2} h^{-1}",
|
||
"choice_question": "Given the steady-state creep rate data for an alloy at 200°C (473 K) and knowing that the activation energy for creep is 140,000 J/mol, what is the steady-state creep rate at a temperature of 250°C (523 K) and a stress level of 48 MPa (7000 psi)?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The question involves a calculation with a specific numerical answer, making it suitable for conversion to a multiple-choice format where the correct answer can be presented as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了稳态蠕变速率数据表，但在转换后的题目中没有提供这个表格的具体内容。虽然题目给出了激活能，但缺少原始数据表中的蠕变速率和应力对应关系，这使得解题者无法进行必要的计算。",
|
||
"missing_info": "原始数据表中的蠕变速率和应力对应关系"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4830,
|
||
"question": "Compute the resistance over the entire 57mm (2.25 in.) of the specimen.",
|
||
"answer": "the resistance over the entire specimen length is 121.4 omega.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求进行数值计算（计算电阻值），答案给出了具体的计算结果（121.4 omega），这符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目仅需基本公式应用和简单计算，无需多步推理或综合分析 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用基本公式进行简单计算，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目明确给出了所需的参数（57mm长度）和正确选项（121.4欧姆），无需额外的步骤或复杂的分析。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "121.4 omega",
|
||
"choice_question": "What is the resistance over the entire 57mm (2.25 in.) of the specimen?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算电阻所需的材料电阻率或横截面积等关键信息，这些信息对于计算电阻是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "材料的电阻率或横截面积"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4837,
|
||
"question": "(b) Under these circumstances, how long does it take an electron to traverse a 25-mm length of crystal?",
|
||
"answer": "under these circumstances, it takes an electron 3.45 x 10^-4 s to traverse a 25-mm length of crystal.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求计算电子通过25毫米晶体所需的时间，答案给出了具体的数值计算结果（3.45 x 10^-4 s），这表明解答过程需要应用相关的物理公式和数值计算。 | 知识层次: 题目要求进行基本的数值计算和公式应用，属于直接套用公式的简单计算过程，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接套用基本公式进行简单计算，属于单一公式直接计算的难度等级。题目明确给出了所需的条件和公式应用场景，解题步骤简单直接，无需复杂的推理或多步骤计算。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "3.45 x 10^-4 s",
|
||
"choice_question": "Under these circumstances, how long does it take an electron to traverse a 25-mm length of crystal?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "上下文依赖",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Under these circumstances'，但没有提供具体的情境或条件，如电子的速度、晶体的性质等关键信息，这些信息对于计算电子通过晶体的时间是必要的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "电子的速度或迁移率、晶体的电场强度或其他相关物理条件"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4855,
|
||
"question": "The polarization P of a dielectric material positioned within a parallel-plate capacitor is to be 4.0 × 10^-6 C/m^2. What will be the dielectric displacement D?",
|
||
"answer": "the dielectric displacement D will be 4.89 × 10^-6 c/m^2.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 1,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过数值计算和公式应用来求解电介质位移D，答案是一个具体的数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要应用基本公式（如电介质位移D与极化P的关系）进行简单计算，属于直接套用公式的范畴，不涉及多步计算或复杂分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目仅需要直接应用基本公式计算，无需多个公式组合或复杂分析。题目明确给出了极化强度P，并直接要求计算电位移D，属于单一公式直接计算的简单应用层次。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "4.89 × 10^-6 c/m^2",
|
||
"choice_question": "The polarization P of a dielectric material positioned within a parallel-plate capacitor is to be 4.0 × 10^-6 C/m^2. What will be the dielectric displacement D?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The given problem is a calculation question with a specific numerical answer, which can be converted into a multiple-choice question format by providing the correct answer as one of the options.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中缺少计算电介质位移D所需的电场强度E或电位移D与极化P的关系式中的其他必要参数。虽然材料科学专业学生可能知道D = ε0E + P，但题目没有提供电场强度E或介电常数ε的信息，这使得题目信息不完整。",
|
||
"missing_info": "电场强度E或介电常数ε"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4870,
|
||
"question": "For the MgO-Al2O3 system, what is the maximum temperature that is possible without the formation of a liquid phase?",
|
||
"answer": "This problem asks that we specify, for the MgO-Al2O3 system, the maximum temperature without the formation of a liquid phase; it is approximately 2800 degrees Celsius.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释在MgO-Al2O3系统中不形成液相的最高温度，答案提供了具体的温度值并需要文字解释，符合简答题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解MgO-Al2O3系统的相图，并从中提取关键信息（最高无液相温度），这涉及多步分析和概念关联，但不需要复杂的推理或创新应用。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解MgO-Al2O3系统的相图知识，并能够识别不形成液相的最高温度点。虽然题目给出了具体数值，但解答过程需要综合分析和概念关联，属于中等应用层次的知识要求。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "2800 degrees Celsius",
|
||
"choice_question": "For the MgO-Al2O3 system, what is the maximum temperature that is possible without the formation of a liquid phase?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a specific numerical value, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到了MgO-Al2O3系统，但没有提供相关的相图或具体数据，这使得学生无法直接从题目中获取必要的信息来解答问题。虽然材料科学专业的学生应该熟悉MgO-Al2O3系统的相图，但题目本身没有提供任何背景信息或数据，这可能会让部分学生感到困惑。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少MgO-Al2O3系统的相图或相关数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4871,
|
||
"question": "For the MgO-Al2O3 system, at what composition or over what range of compositions will this maximum temperature be achieved?",
|
||
"answer": "This maximum temperature is possible for pure MgO.",
|
||
"question_type": "short_answer",
|
||
"question_type_name": "简答题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_4",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求解释在MgO-Al2O3系统中达到最高温度的具体组成或组成范围，答案需要文字解释和论述，而不是简单的选择、判断或计算。 | 知识层次: 题目需要理解MgO-Al2O3系统的相图特性，并能够分析特定组成下的温度变化趋势，涉及多步概念关联和综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等难度，需要理解MgO-Al2O3系统的相图和相关热力学概念，并进行综合分析。题目要求考生识别在特定系统中达到最高温度的条件，这需要将多个知识点关联起来，并应用相图知识进行判断。虽然题目给出了正确选项，但解题过程仍需要一定的概念理解和分析能力。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "pure MgO",
|
||
"choice_question": "For the MgO-Al2O3 system, at what composition or over what range of compositions will this maximum temperature be achieved?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The answer is a standard term (pure MgO), which can be presented as one of the options in a multiple-choice question.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "指代不明确",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'this maximum temperature'，但没有明确说明这个最高温度是指什么条件下的最高温度，如熔点、反应温度等。",
|
||
"missing_info": "最高温度的具体定义或背景信息"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4888,
|
||
"question": "In an aligned and continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 97% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. Using the data provided, determine the volume fraction of fibers required.",
|
||
"answer": "the volume fraction of fibers required is 0.258.",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "medium_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "中等应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 3,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_3",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求通过给定的数据和公式进行计算，以确定纤维的体积分数。答案是一个具体的数值（0.258），这表明解答过程涉及数值计算和公式应用。 | 知识层次: 题目需要进行多步计算，涉及复合材料中纤维承载比例的公式应用和体积分数的推导，需要理解复合材料力学的基本原理并进行综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题中属于中等偏上难度，需要理解复合材料力学的基本概念（如载荷分配原理），进行多步计算（包括应力-应变关系和体积分数转换），并综合分析给定条件（97%载荷由纤维承担）。虽然题目提供了正确选项减少了计算量，但仍需掌握相关公式推导和单位转换能力，属于综合性计算问题。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "0.258",
|
||
"choice_question": "In an aligned and continuous carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to carry 97% of a load applied in the longitudinal direction. Using the data provided, what is the required volume fraction of fibers?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation question has a specific numerical answer, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the data provided'，但没有提供具体的数据（如纤维和基体的弹性模量、应力-应变关系等），这些数据是计算体积分数所必需的。",
|
||
"missing_info": "纤维和基体的弹性模量、应力-应变关系等关键数据"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"idx": 4895,
|
||
"question": "(b) Using this expression, compute the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of a hybrid composite consisting of aramid and glass fibers in volume fractions of 0.25 and 0.35 , respectively, within a polyester resin matrix [E_m=4.0 GPa (6x10^5 psi)].",
|
||
"answer": "the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the hybrid composite is: e_cl = 59.7 gpa (8.67x10^6 psi)",
|
||
"question_type": "calculation",
|
||
"question_type_name": "计算题",
|
||
"knowledge_level": "simple_application",
|
||
"knowledge_level_name": "简单应用",
|
||
"difficulty": 2,
|
||
"final_level": "Level_2",
|
||
"reasoning": "题型: 题目要求使用给定的表达式计算混合复合材料的纵向弹性模量，涉及数值计算和公式应用。答案是一个具体的数值结果，符合计算题的特征。 | 知识层次: 题目要求使用给定的表达式计算混合复合材料的纵向弹性模量，涉及基本公式的直接应用和简单计算。虽然需要理解复合材料中各组分体积分数的概念，但整体上是一个直接的数值计算过程，不需要多步计算或综合分析。 | 难度: 在选择题型中，该题目属于简单应用层次，主要考察对基本公式的直接套用和简单计算能力。题目给出了所有必要的参数和明确的公式应用场景，解题步骤仅需代入数值进行计算，无需复杂的分析或组合多个公式。因此，在选择题型内属于等级2难度。",
|
||
"convertible": true,
|
||
"correct_option": "59.7 GPa (8.67x10^6 psi)",
|
||
"choice_question": "Using the given expression, what is the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of a hybrid composite consisting of aramid and glass fibers in volume fractions of 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, within a polyester resin matrix [E_m=4.0 GPa (6x10^5 psi)]?",
|
||
"conversion_reason": "The calculation problem has a definite numerical answer, which can be presented as a correct option in a multiple-choice question format.",
|
||
"perplexity": {
|
||
"has_perplexity": true,
|
||
"perplexity_type": "缺少关键信息",
|
||
"perplexity_level": "moderate",
|
||
"perplexity_reason": "题目中提到'Using the given expression'，但没有提供具体的表达式。虽然题目给出了纤维的体积分数和树脂基体的弹性模量，但缺少计算纵向弹性模量所需的纤维弹性模量信息。",
|
||
"missing_info": "缺少纤维（aramid和glass）的弹性模量数据以及计算纵向弹性模量的具体表达式。"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
] |