fsy/MatBench
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
6c87af5614188eed29bbcad9839b8b549f0f8c5c
MatBench/layer2/PGEE/code/stepz_final_choice_questions.json
lzy 6c87af5614 格式转换
2025-05-29 20:18:57 +08:00

3289 lines
157 KiB
JSON
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

[
{
"question": "What is the approximate temperature at which it is desirable to heat a 1.10 wt% C iron-carbon alloy during a full anneal heat treatment?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"727°C (1340°F)",
"900°C (1652°F)",
"777°C (1430°F)",
"1148°C (2098°F)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following describes the shape memory mechanism of shape memory polymers?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The shape memory effect is caused by reversible chemical crosslinking formed by heat treatment. When heated above the melting point, the crosslinks break allowing shape deformation, and reform upon cooling to fix the temporary shape.",
"Shape memory arises from the alignment of polymer chains in the amorphous regions. Heating above Tg allows chain mobility for deformation, and cooling below Tg freezes the disordered chains to lock the shape.",
"The shape memory mechanism of polymers is the radiation crosslinking reaction that occurs when polymers are exposed to high-energy radiation. When the temperature exceeds the melting point and enters the high elastic state region, the crystals melt, allowing the polymer's shape to be arbitrarily altered by applying external force. If the temperature is then cooled below the crystalline melting point, the polymer chains become 'frozen' due to recrystallization, fixing the shape. Once the temperature rises above the melting point again (or above the glass transition temperature for polymers like polyvinyl chloride), the polymer returns to its original shape, demonstrating the shape memory effect.",
"Ionic clusters act as physical crosslinks. Heating dissociates ions for deformation, while cooling re-forms ionic bonds to fix the shape."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Estimate the number of clusters containing 10 atoms in 1cm³ of copper at its melting point temperature. The atomic volume of liquid copper is 1.6×10⁻²⁹m³, the surface energy is 0.177J/m², and the melting point is 1356K. The number of clusters is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.77×10¹¹ cm⁻³",
"4.43×10¹⁰ cm⁻³",
"8.85×10¹⁰ cm⁻³",
"1.6×10¹⁰ cm⁻³"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "According to the phase rule, what is the maximum number of equilibrium phases in a binary system represented on the phase diagram?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"19",
"9.50",
"38.00",
"28.50"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the packing density of a crystal structure with a coordination number of 6 for a monoatomic substance?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"0.680",
"0.740",
"0.523",
"0.340"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does crystal slip usually occur on the most closely packed atomic planes and directions?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The critical resolved shear stress is proportional to the square of interplanar spacing, making wider-spaced planes easier to slip",
"Close-packed directions have the smallest Burgers vector magnitude, but the slip plane selection depends mainly on stacking fault energy",
"As can be seen from the relation, the larger the value of a, the smaller the τ_p, so the slip plane should be the one with the largest interplanar spacing, i.e., the most closely packed atomic plane; the smaller the value of b, the smaller the τ_p, so the slip direction should be the most closely packed atomic direction.",
"Dislocations can only move along <110> directions in FCC crystals by definition"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The polarization P of a dielectric material positioned within a parallel-plate capacitor is to be 4.0 × 10^-6 C/m^2. What must be the dielectric constant if an electric field of 10^5 V/m is applied?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"4.52",
"5.52",
"3.52",
"7.52"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes the diffusivity during bainitic transformation, pearlitic transformation, and martensitic transformation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"In pearlitic transformation, neither iron nor carbon atoms diffuse; in bainitic transformation, carbon atoms diffuse; in martensitic transformation, both diffuse.",
"In pearlitic transformation, both iron and carbon atoms can diffuse; in bainitic transformation, carbon atoms diffuse while iron atoms do not; in martensitic transformation, neither iron nor carbon atoms diffuse.",
"In all three transformations, carbon atoms can diffuse but iron atoms cannot.",
"Diffusivity decreases in the order: pearlitic > bainitic > martensitic, with only pearlitic allowing iron diffusion."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does cold-drawn high-carbon steel wire have the highest strength among various types of steel currently used in industry?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The high strength primarily comes from the formation of nano-sized cementite particles during cold drawing, which act as effective barriers to dislocation motion.",
"Isothermal treatment at 500°C creates a unique bainitic microstructure that, when combined with cold drawing, achieves ultra-high strength through phase transformation strengthening.",
"When high-carbon steel undergoes isothermal treatment at 550°C after austenitization, the interlamellar spacing of pearlite can be made very small. Subsequent cold drawing not only increases the dislocation density in the ferrite of the pearlite, causing work hardening and subgrain refinement, but also further reduces the interlamellar spacing of the pearlite, thereby achieving high strength.",
"Dynamic strain aging during cold drawing leads to carbon atom segregation to dislocations, creating additional strengthening beyond conventional work hardening."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Crystals have basic properties such as:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Isotropy",
"Symmetry",
"Dislocation density",
"Surface energy minimization"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The crystallographic characteristics of martensitic transformation are manifested as:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"the presence of habit plane",
"the presence of orientation relationship",
"the formation of dislocations",
"the presence of shape deformation"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why is the strength of solid solutions often higher than that of pure metals?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Because the alloying atoms form ordered clusters that impede dislocation motion, similar to precipitation hardening.",
"Because the increased electron density in the alloy enhances covalent bonding, making the lattice harder to deform.",
"Because the different sizes of the two types of atoms in the alloy cause lattice distortion, which hinders dislocation movement and results in solid solution strengthening.",
"Because the alloying atoms increase the grain boundary area, refining the grain size and strengthening the material."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "When a deformed material is reheated and undergoes recovery and recrystallization phenomena, the significant decrease in point defect concentration occurs during",
"choices": {
"text": [
"recrystallization stage",
"during subgrain formation in recovery",
"recovery stage",
"when dislocation density starts to decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes segregation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The preferential accumulation of solute atoms at grain boundaries",
"The formation of secondary phases due to supersaturation",
"The non-uniformity of chemical composition in alloys",
"The equilibrium distribution of alloying elements according to phase diagrams"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A large-particle composite consisting of tungsten particles within a copper matrix is prepared with volume fractions of tungsten and copper as 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. Using the given data, what is the upper limit for the specific stiffness of this composite?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"15.2 GPa",
"19.0 GPa",
"22.5 GPa",
"17.8 GPa"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Consider the diffusion of water vapor through a polypropylene (PP) sheet 2mm thick. The pressures of H₂O at the two faces are 1 kPa and 10 kPa, which are maintained constant. Assuming conditions of steady state, what is the diffusion flux [in cm³(STP)/cm²-s] at 298 K?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.71 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s",
"3.42 × 10^{-7} cm³(STP)/cm²-s",
"1.71 × 10^{-7} cm³/cm²-s",
"1.71 × 10^{-8} cm³(STP)/cm²-s"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the effect of undercooling variation on the driving force during solid-state phase transformation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Undercooling decreases the driving force for nucleation because it reduces the energy barrier for phase transformation.",
"The driving force ΔG is directly proportional to the undercooling ΔT, following ΔG = Lν(ΔT/T0)T.",
"Undercooling is the difference between the critical phase transformation temperature and the actual transformation temperature. The thermodynamic condition for phase transformation nucleation requires undercooling. The relationship between the driving force ΔG and undercooling ΔT is: ΔG = -Lν(ΔT/T0)T, which further illustrates the thermodynamic condition for nucleation.",
"Undercooling affects the driving force only when the temperature is below the eutectic point."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the number-average molecular weight for a polystyrene with a degree of polymerization of 25,000?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"2.60 x 10^3 g/mol",
"2.60 x 10^6 g/mol",
"5.20 x 10^6 g/mol",
"2.08 x 10^6 g/mol"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the planar density for BCC lithium in the (110) plane?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"0.0813 x 10^16 points/cm^2",
"0.1149 x 10^16 points/cm^2",
"0.1625 x 10^16 points/cm^2",
"0.2298 x 10^16 points/cm^2"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Using dislocation theory, which of the following explains one of the reasons for work hardening in pure metal single crystals?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Dislocations multiply through Frank-Read sources, increasing their density and causing hardening.",
"Dislocations annihilate each other, reducing the number of active slip systems and increasing resistance to deformation.",
"Dislocation intersections occur, and the resulting jogs impede dislocation motion.",
"The Peierls-Nabarro stress increases as dislocations move, requiring higher stress for further deformation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The index of refraction of corundum (Al₂O₃) is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. The reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.757 and 1.779 in the direction of light propagation is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"7.74 × 10^{-5}",
"3.87 × 10^{-5}",
"1.55 × 10^{-4}",
"3.87 × 10^{-3}"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the degree of supercooling?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The temperature difference between the melting point and the recrystallization temperature of a metallic material.",
"The temperature at which a metallic material begins to solidify under equilibrium cooling conditions.",
"Under rapid cooling conditions, when a metallic material cools to its melting point temperature, it does not solidify immediately but begins to solidify at a lower temperature. The difference between the actual solidification temperature and the melting point temperature is referred to as the degree of supercooling.",
"The temperature difference between the melting point and the glass transition temperature of a metallic material."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A force of 100000 N is applied to a 10mm × 20mm iron bar having a tensile strength of 480 MPa. What will happen to the bar?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"the bar will not deform because the applied stress of 500 MPa is below the yield strength of iron",
"the bar will fracture immediately because the applied stress exceeds the tensile strength",
"the bar will experience necking because the applied stress of 500 MPa exceeds the tensile strength of 480 MPa",
"the bar will deform plastically but not neck because the stress is uniformly distributed"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the coordination number in a hexagonal close-packed unit cell?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"12.00",
"3.00",
"9.00",
"6"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification of 75 ×.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"3.5",
"5.2",
"4.8",
"14.1"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given the ionic radius of O2- is 0.14nm and that of Fe3+ is 0.069nm, their radius ratio is 0.492. What type of crystal structure can be formed?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"AX2 structure, tetragonal crystal system (e.g. rutile TiO2)",
"AB2O4 spinel structure, cubic crystal system",
"A2X3 structure, trigonal crystal system",
"A2X3 structure, hexagonal crystal system (e.g. α-Al2O3)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Seawater, which covers the majority of the earth, is composed primarily of molecules of H_{2} \\mathrm{O} and equal numbers of \\mathrm{Na}^{+}ions and \\mathrm{Cl}^{-}ions. Suppose we have a thoroughly mixed solution (containing these species only) at 25^{\\circ} C. How many components and how many phases are in such a system?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1 component, 1 phase",
"2 component, 2 phase",
"3 component, 1 phase",
"2 component, 1 phase"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For the following pair of polymers, is it possible to determine whether one polymer has a higher melting temperature than the other? Linear and syndiotactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 500,000 g/mol; linear and atactic polypropylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 750,000 g/mol",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Yes, the linear and syndiotactic polypropylene has a higher melting temperature because syndiotactic polymers generally have higher melting temperatures than atactic polymers.",
"Yes, the linear and atactic polypropylene has a higher melting temperature because its higher molecular weight leads to a higher melting temperature.",
"No, it is not possible to determine because the melting temperature depends on both molecular weight and tacticity, and the effects cancel each other out.",
"No, it is not possible to determine because the melting temperature is primarily determined by the polymer's chemical composition, which is the same for both."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which crystal system listed below has the following interaxial angle relationship?\n\\[\n\\alpha=\\beta=90^{\\circ}, \\gamma=120^{\\circ}\n\\]",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Tetragonal",
"Hexagonal",
"Rhombohedral",
"α=β=90°, γ=60°"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best defines deformation texture?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The alignment of grain boundaries along specific crystallographic planes due to deformation.",
"The formation of new grains with random orientations during recrystallization after deformation.",
"The deformation process causes the grains to rotate, and finally certain crystallographic directions within each grain tend to become parallel. This preferred orientation due to deformation is called deformation texture.",
"The alignment of dislocations along specific crystallographic directions within grains."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What are the characteristics of pore changes during secondary recrystallization?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Pores migrate to grain boundaries during secondary recrystallization",
"Pores coalesce and form larger cavities at triple junctions",
"Pores become elongated along the grain growth direction",
"During secondary recrystallization, pores are encapsulated within the grains"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes homogeneous nucleation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Homogeneous nucleation occurs preferentially at defects or interfaces where the activation energy is lower.",
"Nucleation that occurs when the driving force for phase transformation exactly balances the interfacial energy.",
"Homogeneous nucleation occurs in a uniform medium, where the probability of nucleation is the same throughout the entire medium, independent of interfaces or defects.",
"The initial stage of phase separation where composition fluctuations create nuclei without any energy barrier."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of these elements would you expect to form a substitutional solid solution having complete solubility with copper, considering the criteria of atomic radii difference less than ±15%, same crystal structure, similar electronegativities, and same or nearly the same valences?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Ni, Pd, and Pt",
"Ag, Co, and Au",
"Zn, Al, and Fe",
"Cr, O, and H"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Rubber is an excellent damping material and friction material due to its outstanding",
"choices": {
"text": [
"High elasticity",
"Viscoelasticity",
"Plastic",
"Anti-friction"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for iron?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"400 degrees C (752 degrees F)",
"450 degrees C (845 degrees F)",
"600 degrees C (1112 degrees F)",
"912 degrees C (1674 degrees F)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the essential similarity between work hardening, fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and second-phase strengthening?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"All involve increasing the number of dislocations in the material.",
"All rely on the formation of new phases within the material.",
"All reduce the mobility of dislocations by introducing lattice strain.",
"All involve hindering dislocation movement, increasing the resistance to dislocation glide, thereby strengthening the material."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why is the liquid/solid interface front of an alloy more prone to undercooling during solidification compared to that of a pure metal?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"合金的凝固收缩率更高，导致界面前沿压力降低，从而降低局部熔点。",
"合金中的溶质原子增加了液相的粘度，阻碍了原子的扩散，导致过冷。",
"The interface front of an alloy exhibits constitutional undercooling, where solute enrichment at the front raises the local melting point, making undercooling more likely to occur.",
"溶质原子在界面前沿形成共晶反应，导致局部温度波动和过冷。"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Compute the electrical conductivity of a cylindrical silicon specimen 7.0mm (0.28 in.) diameter and 57mm (2.25 in.) in length in which a current of 0.25 A passes in an axial direction. A voltage of 24V is measured across two probes that are separated by 45mm (1.75 in.). The electrical conductivity is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"24.40 (omega·m)^{-1}",
"18.30 (omega·m)^{-1}",
"6.10 (omega·m)^{-1}",
"12.2 (omega·m)^{-1}"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following methods is used to refine the grain size of metal materials by adding nucleating agents and its principle?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Increasing undercooling to promote homogeneous nucleation instead of using nucleating agents",
"Dissolving nucleating agents to alter the liquidus temperature and thus refine grains",
"Adding nucleating agents to provide substrates for heterogeneous nucleation",
"Selecting nucleating agents with lattice parameters matching the solid phase to reduce interfacial energy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Complete the following statement regarding conditions that must be satisfied in order for a solid solution to exhibit extensive solubility. The solute and host species must feature [z] ability to attract electrons (electronegativity). (z = ?)",
"choices": {
"text": [
"a similar",
"an identical",
"a complementary",
"less than 15% difference in"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following sets of quantum numbers can determine the spatial position and energy of an electron in an atom?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, and magnetic quantum number mi",
"Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si",
"Principal quantum number n, azimuthal quantum number l, magnetic quantum number mi, and spin angular momentum quantum number si",
"Principal quantum number n, orbital angular momentum quantum number li, magnetic quantum number mi, and principal magnetic quantum number m"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following describes the characteristics of extrinsic diffusion?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The activation energy of extrinsic diffusion includes both the energy of defect formation and particle migration.",
"Extrinsic diffusion dominates at high temperatures due to increased defect concentration.",
"The activation energy of extrinsic diffusion only includes the energy of particle migration, and extrinsic diffusion dominates at low temperatures.",
"Extrinsic diffusion is independent of defect concentration and only depends on temperature."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the driving force for grain growth?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The reduction in surface energy as the total grain surface area decreases",
"The release of stored strain energy during recrystallization",
"The reduction in grain boundary energy as the total grain boundary area decreases",
"The difference in chemical potential across curved grain boundaries"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In face-centered cubic metals, what types of dislocations are b1 = [101], b2 = (a/6)[1̄2̄1], b3 = (a/3)[1̄1̄1̄] respectively?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"b1: unit dislocation; b2: Frank partial dislocation; b3: Shockley partial dislocation",
"b1: Shockley partial dislocation; b2: unit dislocation; b3: Frank partial dislocation",
"b1: unit dislocation; b2: Shockley partial dislocation; b3: Frank partial dislocation",
"b1: Frank partial dislocation; b2: Shockley partial dislocation; b3: unit dislocation"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What can SiC ceramics be used for?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Grinding wheel",
"Blade",
"Crucible",
"Semiconductor substrate"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes the alloy phase and structural characteristics of ZrFe2?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"ZrFe2 is a Laves phase among the topologically close-packed phases, with a complex cubic structure. The smaller iron atoms form small tetrahedrons, and the vertices of these tetrahedrons are interconnected to form a network. The larger Zr atoms are located in the gaps between the small tetrahedrons formed by Fe atoms and themselves form a diamond structure. This structure only contains tetrahedral gaps, so its packing density is higher than that of the face-centered cubic structure formed by equal-sized steel balls.",
"As a C15-type Laves phase, ZrFe2 has a hexagonal structure where Fe atoms form Kagome layers and Zr atoms occupy the trigonal prismatic sites, resulting in a lower packing density than FCC.",
"ZrFe2 adopts a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure with Fe atoms at the cube corners and Zr at the center, forming only tetrahedral gaps but with lower packing efficiency than FCC.",
"This intermetallic compound forms a σ-phase structure with tetragonal symmetry, where Fe atoms create distorted octahedrons and Zr atoms occupy the interstices with 12 coordination numbers."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "If the carbon content is 0.8% in high-carbon steel with an initial grain size of 0.05mm, and it is held at 870‰ for 1 hour, what is the final grain size? Use the formula D^(1/n) - D0^(1/n) = c t, where at 870‰, the constant c is 2×10^(-8), n is 0.2, D and D0 are grain sizes in mm, and t is time in min.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"0.059mm",
"0.079mm",
"0.069mm",
"0.049mm"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The porosity of special ceramics is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1%~2%",
"<1%",
"<0.5%",
"0.5%~1%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "If the fiber orientation is random, which type of fibers is normally used?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Continuous",
"Short fibers",
"Woven fibers",
"Discontinuous"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In polyethylene polymer materials, the C一H chemical bond belongs to",
"choices": {
"text": [
"ionic bond",
"hydrogen bond",
"covalent bond",
"dative covalent bond"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "How to eliminate work hardening phenomenon?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Heating the material to just below the recrystallization temperature to allow recovery.",
"Applying additional cold working to further increase dislocation density.",
"Performing an aging treatment to precipitate secondary phases.",
"Subsequent recrystallization treatment is adopted to eliminate work hardening phenomenon."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the process characteristics of secondary recrystallization?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"It is a uniform growth process where all grains grow at similar rates to reduce grain boundary energy.",
"It requires the presence of impurities that selectively inhibit the growth of most grains while allowing a few to grow abnormally.",
"It is an abnormal growth process where a few large grains grow at the expense of fine grains.",
"It involves simultaneous grain boundary migration and dislocation annihilation throughout the material."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "When dΔG/dr=0, what is the obtained 'r' value called?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Critical free energy",
"Gibbs-Thomson radius",
"Critical nucleus radius",
"Turnbull's radius"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why can rapid changes in external temperature cause many ceramic devices to crack or break?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Because most ceramics are mainly composed of crystalline and glass phases, and the thermal expansion coefficients of these two phases differ significantly. When rapidly cooled from high temperatures, the different contractions of each phase generate internal stresses sufficient to cause the ceramic devices to crack or break.",
"Because the glass phase in ceramics softens at high temperatures, making the material more susceptible to cracking upon rapid cooling.",
"Because rapid cooling causes the crystalline phases to transform into amorphous phases, creating internal stresses.",
"Because ceramics lack dislocations, making it impossible to relieve thermal stresses through plastic deformation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Suppose one Schottky defect is present in every tenth unit cell of MgO. MgO has the sodium chloride crystal structure and a lattice parameter of 0.396 nm. The density of the ceramic is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"4.512 g/cm^3",
"4.102 g/cm^3",
"4.205 g/cm^3",
"4.015 g/cm^3"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The critical resolved shear stress for iron is 27 MPa(4000 psi). What is the maximum possible yield strength for a single crystal of \\mathrm{Fe} pulled in tension?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"27 MPa (4000 psi)",
"54 MPa (8000 psi)",
"108 MPa (16000 psi)",
"13.5 MPa (2000 psi)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For a cubic crystal with side length L, what is the volume change rate ΔV0/V0 due to thermal expansion when the temperature increases from T1 to T2?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"(ΔL/L)²",
"2 × (ΔL/L)",
"3 × (ΔL/L)",
"(1 + ΔL/L)³ - 1"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "At what temperature or temperature range is secondary cementite formed, and through what reaction?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"727°C, eutectoid reaction, γ→α+Fe3C",
"1148~727°C, secondary precipitation reaction, γ→Fe3CII",
"1495~1148°C, primary precipitation, δ→Fe3CI",
"600~727°C, tertiary precipitation, α→Fe3CIII"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Beryllium (Be) has an HCP unit cell for which the ratio of the lattice parameters c/a is 1.568. If the radius of the Be atom is 0.1143nm, what is the theoretical density of Be?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.65 g/cm3",
"1.84 g/cm3",
"1.92 g/cm3",
"1.78 g/cm3"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the meaning of the commonly referred terms 'ordinary steel', 'quality steel', and 'high-quality steel'?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"It refers to the difference in carbon content. Ordinary steel: ≤0.25%; quality steel: ≤0.20%; high-quality steel: ≤0.15%.",
"Ordinary steel: wP ≤0.045%, wS ≤0.05%; quality steel: wP ≤0.035%, wS ≤0.035%; high-quality steel: wP ≤0.025%, wS ≤0.025%.",
"The classification depends on the ratio of P to S. Ordinary steel: P/S ≥1; quality steel: P/S ~1; high-quality steel: P/S ≤1.",
"Ordinary steel: wP ≤0.04%, wS ≤0.04%; quality steel: wP ≤0.03%, wS ≤0.03%; high-quality steel: wP ≤0.02%, wS ≤0.02%."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics and mechanisms of dispersion strengthening (age strengthening)?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"It is the strengthening caused by solute atoms distorting the crystal lattice, hindering dislocation motion.",
"It is the strengthening caused by fine dispersed second phases hindering dislocation motion. This includes the shearing mechanism and the bypassing mechanism.",
"It is the strengthening caused by large second-phase particles that act as stress concentrators, initiating cracks.",
"It is the strengthening caused by fine dispersed second phases that emit new dislocations, creating a dislocation cloud."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does the magnitude of the saturation magnetization decrease with increasing temperature for ferromagnetic materials?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The atomic thermal vibrational motions counteract the coupling forces between the adjacent atomic dipole moments, causing some magnetic dipole misalignment.",
"The increase in temperature causes the magnetic domains to shrink, reducing the overall magnetization.",
"The thermal expansion of the lattice increases the distance between atoms, weakening the exchange interaction.",
"Electrons gain enough energy to transition to higher energy states, reducing the number of aligned spins."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For a carbon steel containing 0.1% carbon, carburized at 930‰, the carburized layer thickness is 0.4mm after 3 hours. Someone wants to obtain a 0.8mm carburized layer and plans to use 6 hours. Is this person's plan correct?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Correct, because the time is doubled proportionally to the thickness increase",
"Incorrect, because the temperature should be increased to 980°C to achieve this thickness",
"Incorrect, because the required time should be 12 hours instead of 6 hours",
"Correct, but only if the carbon potential is increased by 0.2%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the difference between fibrous structure and texture?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Fibrous structure is formed by the alignment of dislocations along the deformation direction, while texture is the result of grain boundary migration during recrystallization.",
"Fibrous structure refers to the alignment of crystal planes parallel to the rolling direction, while texture refers to the statistical distribution of grain orientations.",
"Fibrous structure is formed by grains, impurities, second phases, defects, etc., being elongated into fibrous shapes along the main deformation direction of the metal; whereas texture refers to the certain orientation relationship among grains after cold working, where certain crystal planes or directions are parallel to each other and all parallel to an external reference direction of the component.",
"Fibrous structure is a type of texture where all grains are elongated in one direction, while texture is a more general term for any preferred orientation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.25 mm(0.01 in.) and having a tip radius of curvature of 1.2 × 10^{-3} mm(4.7 × 10^{-5} in.) when a stress of 1200 MPa(174,000 psi) is applied. The theoretical fracture strength is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.75 × 10^4 MPa (2.55 × 10^6 psi)",
"3.5 × 10^4 MPa (5.1 × 10^6 psi)",
"7.0 × 10^4 MPa (1.02 × 10^7 psi)",
"3.5 × 10^5 MPa (5.1 × 10^7 psi)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at its melting temperature of 1084°C (1357 K), assuming an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom. The correct fraction is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"2.28 × 10^-4",
"4.56 × 10^-4",
"1.24 × 10^-3",
"6.84 × 10^-5"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the characteristics of atomic arrangement in ordered alloys?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"An ordered solid solution, where atoms of each component occupy their respective Bravais sublattices, known as sublattices. The entire solid solution forms a complex lattice composed of the sublattices of each component, also referred to as a superlattice or superstructure.",
"An intermetallic compound with a fixed stoichiometric ratio, forming a distinct crystal structure different from the parent metals.",
"A disordered solid solution that forms a superlattice upon annealing, where atoms gradually occupy preferred sites.",
"A solid solution where atoms of one component occupy interstitial sites between the atoms of the solvent lattice."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The index of refraction of quartz is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. If the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.544 and 1.553 in the direction of light propagation, what is the reflectivity at the boundary?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"8.45 × 10^{-5}",
"8.45 × 10^{-6}",
"1.69 × 10^{-5}",
"3.14 × 10^{-6}"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound FexO, Fe3+/Fe2+=0.1. What is the vacancy concentration in the non-stoichiometric compound FexO?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"4.8%",
"1.1%",
"2.2%",
"9.1%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following are the main strengthening mechanisms that can be employed for industrial pure aluminum?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening",
"cold working and phase transformation strengthening",
"work hardening and grain refinement strengthening",
"texture strengthening and work hardening"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why is gray iron brittle and weak in tension based on its microstructure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The pearlite colonies create preferential paths for crack propagation.",
"The thermal expansion mismatch between graphite and iron matrix generates internal stresses.",
"The tips of the graphite flakes act as points of stress concentration.",
"The high silicon content promotes formation of brittle silicides at flake tips."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of intrinsic diffusion?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The activation energy of intrinsic diffusion is solely determined by particle migration energy, and it dominates at low temperatures.",
"Intrinsic diffusion is controlled by impurity atoms, and its activation energy includes both vacancy formation energy and impurity migration energy.",
"The activation energy of intrinsic diffusion consists of vacancy formation energy and particle migration energy, and intrinsic diffusion dominates at high temperatures.",
"Intrinsic diffusion requires no activation energy because it is a spontaneous process driven by entropy."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In the thermodynamic relation of diffusion coefficient, $\\left(1+\\frac{\\partial\\mathrm{ln}\\gamma_{i}}{\\partial\\mathrm{ln}N_{\\mathrm{i}}}\\right)$ is called the thermodynamic factor of diffusion coefficient. In a non-ideal mixing system: when the thermodynamic factor of diffusion coefficient > 0, the diffusion result causes the solute to ____; when the thermodynamic factor of diffusion coefficient < 0, the diffusion result causes the solute to ____.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Alternative option 3",
"Alternative option 1",
"Alternative option 2",
"c a"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the definition of the equilibrium distribution coefficient?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The ratio of the solute concentration in the solid phase to that in the liquid phase during equilibrium solidification.",
"The ratio of the solute concentration in the liquid phase to that in the solid phase during equilibrium solidification.",
"The ratio of the solute concentration in the solid phase to that in the liquid phase during non-equilibrium solidification.",
"The difference in solute concentration between the solid and liquid phases at equilibrium."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two polyethylene materials are as follows:\n\nTensile Strength (MPa) | Number-Average Molecular Weight (g/mol)\n--------------------------------|---------------------------------------\n90 | 20,000\n180 | 40,000\n\nEstimate the number-average molecular weight that is required to give a tensile strength of 140 MPa:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"32000 g/mol",
"25000 g/mol",
"27700 g/mol",
"28000 g/mol"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In polycrystals, grain boundaries are classified into large-angle and small-angle grain boundaries. What does the angle refer to?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The angle between the slip planes of dislocations in the grain boundary",
"The angle between the crystallographic planes in each grain",
"The misorientation between adjacent grains",
"The angle of maximum grain boundary energy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Based on the given corrosion data for Metal M and Hydrogen, compute the corrosion potential for this reaction.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"-0.380 V",
"-0.540 V",
"-0.420 V",
"-0.480 V"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Calculate the theoretical density of α-Fe (given a=0.286nm for α-Fe, Ar(Fe)=55.85, NA=6.023×10²³). The theoretical density is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"7.9276 kg/m³",
"8.9872 g/cm³",
"7.1234 g/cm³",
"7.9276 g/cm³"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is one function that a transistor may perform in an electronic circuit?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Act as a voltage-controlled switch",
"Convert electrical energy into light",
"Amplify an electrical signal",
"Filter specific frequencies from a signal"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the primary diffusion mechanism in oxide ceramics?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"vacancy exchange mechanism",
"interstitialcy mechanism",
"ring mechanism",
"electron hopping mechanism"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Do all metals have the same slip system? Why or why not?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"All metals have the same slip system because they all deform by dislocation motion along close-packed directions.",
"Only face-centered cubic (FCC) metals have well-defined slip systems; body-centered cubic (BCC) metals deform without specific slip systems.",
"Slip systems vary only by the number of available slip planes, not by the slip direction which is always <111>.",
"All metals do not have the same slip system. The slip system depends on the most densely packed crystallographic plane and direction, which varies with crystal structure."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does chromium in stainless steels make them more corrosion resistant in many environments than plain carbon steels?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Chromium increases the electrode potential of stainless steel above the critical value needed to prevent oxidation",
"The chromium oxide layer is much thicker than iron oxide, providing better physical barrier protection",
"The chromium in stainless steels causes a very thin and highly adherent surface coating to form over the surface of the alloy, which protects it from further corrosion",
"Chromium preferentially oxidizes instead of iron, sacrificing itself to protect the matrix"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A three-point bend test is performed on a block of ZrO2 that is 8 in. long, 0.50 in. wide, and 0.25 in. thick and is resting on two supports 4 in. apart. When a force of 400 lb is applied, the specimen deflects 0.037 in. and breaks. The flexural modulus, assuming no plastic deformation occurs, is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"11.07 x 10^6 psi",
"44.28 x 10^6 psi",
"22.14 x 10^6 psi",
"5.54 x 10^6 psi"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A ternary alloy with mass fractions of 40% A, 30% B, and 30% C forms a three-phase equilibrium at the eutectic temperature. The compositions of the three phases are as follows: liquid phase (50% A, 40% B, 10% C), α phase (85% A, 10% B, 5% C), and β phase (10% A, 20% B, 70% C). What are the fractions of the liquid phase, α phase, and β phase?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"L% = 57.4%, α% = 10%, β% = 32.6%",
"L% = 54.8%, α% = 12.3%, β% = 32.9%",
"L% = 57.4%, α% = 15%, β% = 27.6%",
"L% = 62.5%, α% = 10%, β% = 27.5%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Estimate the minimum thermal conductivity value for a cermet that contains 90 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 67 W/m·K for TiC and Ni, respectively. The minimum thermal conductivity is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"28.7 W/m·K",
"31.2 W/m·K",
"25.3 W/m·K",
"38.5 W/m·K"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In interstitial solid solutions, by what mechanism do solute atoms diffuse?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"the vacancy mechanism",
"the interstitial mechanism",
"the grain boundary diffusion mechanism",
"the interstitial-vacancy pair mechanism"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What changes occur in polymer texture when heated?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Heating increases crystallinity in semi-crystalline polymers",
"Polymer chains undergo scission leading to reduced molecular weight",
"Heating can cause oriented polymers to disorient",
"Heating induces crosslinking between polymer chains"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does cast iron with a chemical composition of 'three lows' (low carbon, silicon, and manganese content) and 'one high' (high sulfur content) tend to form white iron during production?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Because sulfur is a graphitization-promoting element, its high content promotes the formation of graphite, leading to white iron.",
"Low carbon and silicon content reduces the formation of cementite, which favors white iron formation.",
"Because both carbon and silicon are graphitization-promoting elements, their low content facilitates the formation of white iron structure. Although manganese is a graphitization-inhibiting element, its low mass fraction cannot counteract the effect of sulfur, making the sulfur's role in inhibiting graphitization more pronounced and thus favoring the production of white cast iron.",
"The high sulfur content increases the cooling rate, leading to white iron formation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "How can the lifespan of tungsten filaments be prolonged by adding second-phase particles?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Adding low-melting-point particles to promote liquid-phase sintering, which enhances density and reduces porosity",
"Increasing the particle size r while keeping volume fraction f constant, as larger particles provide stronger pinning force",
"Finely dispersed high-melting-point particles with smaller r and larger f to reduce Dlim according to 4r/3f",
"Reducing the volume fraction f to minimize interface energy and thus slow down grain boundary migration"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "If the density is increased to 10^10 mm^-2 by cold working, what would be the chain length of dislocations in 1000 mm^3 of material?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"6.2 x 10^3 miles",
"1.0 x 10^10 miles",
"6.2 x 10^6 miles",
"1.0 x 10^13 mm"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The yield strength of Mg alloy is 180 MPa, E is 45 GPa. What is the maximum load that will not cause plastic deformation of a 10 mm × 2 mm Mg plate?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"8100 N",
"3600 N",
"1800 N",
"4500 N"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The coordination number of FCC structure is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"18.00",
"12",
"24.00",
"6.00"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the definition of critical resolved shear stress?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"When τ = τ_c, the maximum resolved shear stress on any slip system reaches the critical value for dislocation motion",
"The stress at which 50% of slip systems become active in polycrystalline materials",
"When σ₀=σₛ, the crystal begins to slip, and the resolved shear stress in the slip direction at this point is called the critical resolved shear stress",
"The stress required to initiate twinning instead of slip"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The number-average molecular weight of a poly(styrene-butadiene) alternating copolymer is 1,350,000g / mol. What is the average number of styrene and butadiene repeat units per molecule?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"4265",
"8530",
"10220",
"6824"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A specimen of some metal having a rectangular cross section 11.2mm × 12.4mm is pulled in tension with a force of 31200N, which produces only elastic deformation. Given that the elastic modulus of this metal is 63 GPa, the resulting strain is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"3.57 × 10^{-3}",
"4.24 × 10^{-3}",
"1.76 × 10^{-3}",
"2.92 × 10^{-3}"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the main difference between recrystallization and crystallization?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Recrystallization involves phase transformation while crystallization only changes grain size",
"Crystallization is driven by mechanical deformation while recrystallization by thermal energy",
"Recrystallization is only a microstructural change without structural transformation, driven by deformation stored energy; crystallization is the process of forming crystals from amorphous liquid, gas, or solid states",
"Both processes require nucleation but recrystallization occurs below melting point"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What point defects are possible for Al2O3 as an impurity in MgO?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Al3+ ions substitute for Mg2+ and create O2- vacancies to compensate the charge imbalance.",
"Two Al3+ ions substitute for three Mg2+ ions, creating a Mg2+ vacancy to maintain charge neutrality.",
"Al3+ substitutes for Mg2+, and the excess positive charge is compensated by forming Mg2+ vacancies.",
"The charge imbalance is compensated by the reduction of Mg2+ to Mg+ at neighboring sites."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "If water molecules pass through a membrane with a steady state flux of [j] mole/(m² day), how long will it take, in hours, for [m] kg of water to pass through a [a] square centimeter of the membrane?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 16 × 10000) hours",
"t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 10000) hours",
"t = [m] × 1000 / ([a] × [j] × 18 × 10000) hours",
"t = [m] × 1000 × 24 / ([a] × [j] × 18) hours"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The driving force for solid-state phase transformation is _____, while the resistances are _____ and _____.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"entropy change",
"free energy difference between new and old phases",
"grain boundary energy",
"activation energy for diffusion"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15 wt % C, cooled to below 727 C (1341 F). How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"the pearlite formed is 0.87 kg, and the proeutectoid phase (ferrite) formed is 0.13 kg",
"the pearlite formed is 0.93 kg, and the proeutectoid phase (cementite) formed is 0.07 kg",
"the pearlite formed is 0.95 kg, and the proeutectoid phase (cementite) formed is 0.05 kg",
"the pearlite formed is 0.83 kg, and the proeutectoid phase (cementite) formed is 0.17 kg"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What factors constitute the resistance to phase transformation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"chemical free energy difference and strain energy",
"interface energy and surface energy",
"strain energy and interface energy",
"activation energy for diffusion and interface energy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "At what approximate temperature does creep deformation become an important consideration for gold?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"150°C",
"350°C",
"262°C",
"500°C"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A 3-in.-diameter rod of copper is to be reduced to a 2-in.-diameter rod by being pushed through an opening. To account for the elastic strain, what should be the diameter of the opening? The modulus of elasticity for the copper is 17 × 10^{6} psi and the yield strength is 40,000 psi.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.995 in.",
"1.985 in.",
"2.000 in.",
"1.998 in."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is a general property of glass?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Isotropy",
"Supercooled liquid",
"Thermodynamic equilibrium",
"Metastability"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In a metal with a dislocation density of $\\mathrm{10^{12}/cm^{2}}$ after cold deformation, there exist second-phase particles that do not aggregate or grow upon heating, with a volume fraction $\\varphi{=}1\\%$ and a radius of $1\\mu\\mathfrak{m}$. Given $G{=}10^{5}\\mathrm{MPa}$, $\\pmb{b=0.3\\mathrm{nm}}$, and interfacial energy ${\\pmb\\sigma}{=}0,5\\mathrm{J}/\\uppi^{2}$, can the presence of these second-phase particles completely prevent recrystallization of this metal upon heating?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The particles can completely prevent recrystallization because $P_z ≈ 2.4MPa$ exceeds $P_d ≈ 0.45MPa$",
"Recrystallization will be fully suppressed when particle spacing < 0.5μm",
"The presence of these second-phase particles cannot completely prevent recrystallization",
"Complete prevention requires φ > 5% when r=1μm"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The packing density of a simple cubic crystal is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Alternative option 3",
"C",
"Alternative option 2",
"Alternative option 1"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In polymer materials, what is the atomic bonding between molecules (primary valence force)?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Hydrogen bond",
"Ionic bond",
"Covalent bond",
"Cross-linking bond"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Based on the zinc blende structure of BeO, what is the packing factor?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"0.740",
"0.680",
"0.524",
"0.684"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the role of dislocations in the nucleation of the second phase?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Dislocations impede second phase nucleation by increasing the activation energy barrier",
"Dislocations act as sinks for vacancies, thereby reducing nucleation sites",
"Dislocations are preferential sites for the nucleation of the second phase",
"Dislocations promote nucleation by locally modifying the stacking fault energy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given that for carbon diffusion in γ-Fe, D0=2.0×10^(-5)m²/s, Q=1.4×10^5J/mol, gas constant R=8.314J/(mol·K), calculate the diffusion coefficient D at 1027°C.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.234×10^(-10) m²/s",
"4.788×10^(-11) m²/s",
"6.789×10^(-11) m²/s",
"2.0×10^(-5) m²/s"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "At room temperature, the equilibrium microstructure of hypoeutectoid steel is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"ferrite and cementite",
"pearlite and cementite",
"ferrite and pearlite",
"bainite and ferrite"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Materials Science and Engineering is the study of material behavior & performance and how this is simultaneously related to structure, properties, and processing. Which of the following is the best example of a material property?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Yield strength",
"Density",
"Grain size",
"Annealing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A 20m long aluminum rod with a diameter of 14.0mm is drawn through a die with an aperture of 12.7mm. The true strain experienced by this aluminum rod is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"9.73%",
"19.47%",
"38.94%",
"15.21%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "According to the relationship between grain diameter and annealing time d²=kt, given that the grain diameter is 23μm after annealing for 30 minutes, the value of the constant k is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"8.8μm²/min",
"17.6μm²/min",
"0.59μm²/min",
"19.2μm²/min"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Two parallel screw dislocations, when their Burgers vectors are in the same direction, the interaction force between them is",
"choices": {
"text": [
"zero",
"repulsive",
"attractive",
"depends on the distance between them"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the phenomenon called when a metal with finer grains exhibits higher strength and hardness but lower plasticity and toughness compared to the same metal with coarser grains?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Hall-Petch softening",
"Dislocation strengthening",
"Grain refinement strengthening",
"Grain boundary embrittlement"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Barium titanate is an important ferroelectric ceramic, and its crystal type is perovskite structure. What lattice does it belong to?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"It belongs to the cubic crystal system",
"It belongs to the tetragonal crystal system",
"It belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system",
"It belongs to the face-centered cubic lattice"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and temperature, and explains the physical meaning of each parameter?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"D=D0exp(Q/RT), where D0 is the diffusion constant; Q is the diffusion activation energy (J/mol); T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); R is the molar gas constant.",
"D=D0exp(-Q/kT), where D0 is the diffusion constant; Q is the diffusion activation energy (J/mol); T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); k is the Boltzmann constant.",
"D=D0exp(-Q/RT), where D0 is the activation energy; Q is the diffusion constant; T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); R is the molar gas constant.",
"D=D0exp(-Q/RT), where D0 is the diffusion constant or frequency factor; Q is the diffusion activation energy (J/mol); T is the thermodynamic temperature (K); R is the molar gas constant."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For a solution, which of the following is present in the higher concentration?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Solute",
"Depends on the temperature",
"The one with the lower molecular weight",
"Solvent"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given that for carbon diffusion in γ-Fe, D0=2.0×10^(-5)m²/s, Q=1.4×10^5J/mol, gas constant R=8.314J/(mol·K), the diffusion coefficient D at 927°C is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.663×10^(-10) m²/s",
"1.663×10^(-11) m²/s",
"1.663×10^(-11) m²/K·s",
"1.663×10^(-9) m²/s"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "After cold plastic deformation, the strength and hardness of metal (23)—",
"choices": {
"text": [
"increase",
"first increase then decrease",
"increase but then saturate",
"decrease due to recrystallization"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Taking the Al-4.5%Cu alloy as an example, what is the decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution (precipitation sequence)?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"GP zones are regions enriched with copper atoms; θ' is a metastable phase with a tetragonal structure, disk-shaped, precipitating along the {100} planes of the matrix, possessing coherent/semi-coherent interfaces with specific orientation relationships to the matrix; θ is a stable phase with a tetragonal structure, irregular in shape.",
"GP zones are disk-shaped and precipitate along the {111} planes of the matrix; θ' is a stable phase with a cubic structure; θ is a metastable phase with a tetragonal structure.",
"The precipitation sequence is GP zones → θ → θ', where θ' is a stable phase with a tetragonal structure and θ is a metastable phase with a cubic structure.",
"GP zones are regions enriched with copper atoms; θ' is a metastable phase with a cubic structure, precipitating along the {100} planes; θ is a stable phase with a tetragonal structure."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What effect does a smooth interface have on crystal growth modes?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"For a smooth interface, continuous growth dominates due to low energy barrier for atom attachment.",
"Lateral growth is inhibited by smooth interfaces, leading to layer-by-layer deposition instead.",
"For a smooth interface, lateral growth occurs, including two-dimensional nucleation growth and screw dislocation growth.",
"Smooth interfaces promote bulk diffusion-limited growth, suppressing surface nucleation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following are examples of forming continuous substitutional solid solutions?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Al2O3-Cr2O3",
"PbTiO3-PbZrO3",
"NaCl-KCl",
"ZnS-CdS"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In the non-stoichiometric compound $\\operatorname{Cd}_{1+x}0$, the lattice defect present is",
"choices": {
"text": [
"anion vacancy",
"cation vacancy",
"Frenkel defect pair",
"cation interstitial"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The _ of an atom or ion refers to the number of atoms directly adjacent to it in the crystal structure or the number of all hetero-ions combined with it.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Coordination geometry",
"Packing factor",
"Coordination number",
"Nearest neighbor distance"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why do primitive, face-centered, and body-centered lattices exist in the cubic system, but not base-centered lattices?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The base-centered lattice in the cubic system would introduce additional symmetry elements that conflict with the existing 4L3 axes, making it incompatible.",
"A base-centered lattice in the cubic system would require a different set of lattice parameters that cannot satisfy the cubic symmetry conditions.",
"The base-centered lattice is only compatible with orthorhombic and monoclinic systems due to their lower symmetry requirements.",
"The base-centered lattice cannot exist in the cubic system because it would reduce the number of lattice points per unit cell below the minimum required for cubic symmetry."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of freely moving electrons to the total number of valence electrons?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.166 × 10^-14",
"5.830 × 10^-15",
"2.915 × 10^-15",
"1.456 × 10^-15"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The methods for strengthening metal materials include:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"phase transformation",
"solid solution",
"fiber reinforcement",
"dislocation"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given the surface tension is 0.9 J/m², what is the additional pressure for curved surfaces with radii of curvature of 0.5 μm and 5 μm?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.98×10^5 Pa",
"3.96×10^6 Pa",
"1.98×10^6 Pa",
"0.9×10^6 Pa"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "As a result of what reason, 'compositional defects' are inevitably produced in the crystal structure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Non-stoichiometric compound formation",
"Frenkel defect formation",
"Solid solubility limit exceeding",
"Doping of non-equivalent ions"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is a basic condition that must be met for atomic diffusion in solids?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The presence of a chemical potential gradient.",
"The presence of a temperature gradient.",
"The presence of a vacancy concentration gradient.",
"The presence of a high temperature."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "A batch of carbon tool steel workpieces were found to have insufficient hardness after quenching. It is estimated that either surface decarburization occurred or the cooling rate during quenching was too low. How to quickly determine the cause of the problem?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Measure Rockwell hardness at different depths",
"X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of surface composition",
"Metallographic examination",
"Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to check phase transformation temperature"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What are the close-packed directions of an ideal hexagonal close-packed crystal structure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"<11-20>",
"<10-10>",
"<0001>",
"<111>"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following describes one of the essential reasons for the high hardness of martensite related to its crystal structure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Martensite has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with numerous slip systems, but high carbon content pins dislocations, increasing hardness.",
"The body-centered cubic (BCC) structure of martensite contains dense dislocation tangles that block further dislocation motion.",
"The crystal structure of martensite is body-centered tetragonal, lacking closely packed slip planes that facilitate dislocation movement, thus making dislocation slip difficult.",
"Tetragonality in martensite creates internal stresses that hinder dislocation nucleation rather than slip."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the number-average molecular weight of a random poly(isobutylene-isoprene) copolymer with a fraction of isobutylene repeat units of 0.25 and a degree of polymerization of 1500?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"97,700g/mol",
"146,250g/mol",
"84,000g/mol",
"102,000g/mol"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What type(s) of bonding would be expected for rubber?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Covalent bonding with hydrogen bonding",
"Pure covalent bonding",
"Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding",
"van der Waals bonding with some hydrogen bonding"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the purpose of spheroidizing annealing in the process route of making round dies with 9SiCr steel?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"To dissolve all carbides into the austenite matrix.",
"To refine the grain size of the steel.",
"To eliminate forging stress, obtain spheroidized pearlite and carbides, reduce hardness to facilitate machining, prepare the microstructure for quenching, and minimize deformation and cracking during quenching.",
"To prepare the steel for cold working processes."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes the main characteristics of allotriomorphic transformation?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Allotriomorphic transformation involves compositional changes through long-range diffusion in alloy systems",
"It is a diffusionless transformation similar to martensitic transformation, occurring rapidly without thermal activation",
"Allotriomorphic transformation is primarily a phase change that occurs in pure components in the solid state, with no compositional changes, controlled by short-range diffusion processes",
"A polymorphic transformation where the new phase inherits the parent phase's morphology"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "During liquid-solid phase transformation, the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is related to the contact angle θ. When , the heterogeneous nucleation barrier is reduced by half compared to the homogeneous nucleation barrier.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"θ=60°",
"θ=45°",
"θ=90°",
"θ=120°"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is one problem that might exist with a steel weld that was cooled very rapidly?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Austenite may form, which is very soft and ductile, leading to weld deformation.",
"Pearlite may form, which is too soft for structural applications.",
"Martensite may form, which is very brittle, and cracks may form in the weld region.",
"The weld may become too ductile, causing it to stretch under load."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following best describes a doped semiconductor?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"A semiconductor formed by intentionally adding a small amount of impurity elements to an intrinsic semiconductor is called a doped semiconductor. If the doping element is from Group VA in the periodic table, it forms an n-type semiconductor; if the doping element is from Group IIIA, it forms a p-type semiconductor.",
"A semiconductor doped with Group VA elements forms a p-type semiconductor, while Group IIIA elements form an n-type semiconductor.",
"Doping a semiconductor with Group IVA elements creates n-type semiconductors, while Group IIA elements create p-type semiconductors.",
"A doped semiconductor is formed by adding any impurity element to an intrinsic semiconductor, regardless of the group in the periodic table."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "If manufacturing a continuous aluminum fiber cable with epoxy resin as the matrix and a volume fraction of 0.30, predict the electrical conductivity of the cable. The electrical conductivity of aluminum is $3.8\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$, and the electrical conductivity of epoxy resin is $10^{-11}~\\mathrm{S/m}$.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"$1.14\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$",
"$3.8\\times10^{6}~\\mathrm{S/m}$",
"$1.14\\times10^{5}~\\mathrm{S/m}$",
"$3.8\\times10^{7}~\\mathrm{S/m}$"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Compare the completeness of isothermal transformation for bainite transformation, pearlite transformation, and martensite transformation. Which of the following statements is correct?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Only pearlite transformation can be completely transformed, while both bainite and martensite transformations cannot.",
"Bainite transformation can always be completely transformed, while pearlite and martensite transformations cannot.",
"Pearlite transformation can be completely transformed, some bainite transformations can be completely transformed while others cannot, and martensite transformation cannot be completely transformed.",
"Martensite transformation can be partially completed under isothermal conditions if held for sufficient time."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For many polymer materials, their tensile strength σi is a function of the number-average relative molecular mass Mn̅: the formula is given by σi = σ0 - A / Mn̅, where σ0 is the tensile strength at infinite molecular weight, and A is a constant. Given two types of poly(methyl methacrylate) with number-average relative molecular masses of 4×10^4 and 6×10^4, the corresponding tensile strengths are 107 MPa and 170 MPa, respectively. Determine the tensile strength σb when the number-average relative molecular mass is 3×10^4.",
"choices": {
"text": [
"72 MPa",
"300 MPa",
"44 MPa",
"257 MPa"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In terms of the lattice constant, what is the atomic diameter in an FCC crystal structure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"(√3/4)a",
"(√2/2)a",
"a/2",
"(√3/2)a"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What are the advantages of forming metals by extrusion as opposed to rolling?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Extrusion can achieve higher production rates than rolling for simple cross-sections",
"Better surface finish is obtained due to compressive stress during extrusion",
"Pieces having more complicated cross-sectional geometries may be formed and seamless tubing may be produced",
"More effective for strengthening through work hardening"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "下列关于正常偏析（normal segregation）在铸锭宏观偏析（macro-segregation）中的描述，正确的是：",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Normal segregation occurs when the solute content is higher in the initially solidified portion and lower in the later solidified portion, due to a distribution coefficient k0>1.",
"Normal segregation is a type of micro-segregation that occurs within individual dendrites, not on a macroscopic scale.",
"Normal segregation results from the density difference between solute and solvent, causing solute-rich regions to sink or float during solidification.",
"Normal segregation: refers to the phenomenon where the initially solidified portion has lower solute content and the later solidified portion has higher solute content, according to the alloy's distribution coefficient (assuming k0<1). Due to the large size of the ingot, the composition varies from the surface to the center, resulting in non-uniformity, and the segregation occurs on a macroscopic scale, known as macro-segregation."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "When the crystal around an edge dislocation contains vacancies below the equilibrium concentration, how will the dislocation climb?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Positive climb",
"No climb",
"Negative climb",
"Climb direction depends on temperature"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes secondary banded structure?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Secondary banding is formed during the liquid-solid transformation, showing alternating bands of ferrite and cementite under etching.",
"Secondary banding is a product of solid-state transformation. Under nitric acid alcohol etching, the white bands are proeutectoid ferrite, and the black bands are pearlite, also known as micro banded structure. Secondary banding only occurs on the basis of primary banding.",
"Secondary banding is a result of rapid cooling, where the white bands are martensite and the black bands are retained austenite.",
"Secondary banding is a product of solid-state transformation, but the white bands are pearlite and the black bands are ferrite."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In eutectoid steel, both pearlite and tempered martensite (assuming tempered at 400°C) consist of ferrite and carbide. Why do the morphology and dispersion of carbides in tempered martensite differ from those in pearlite?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The carbides in pearlite are formed at higher temperatures, leading to coarser particles, while those in tempered martensite form at lower temperatures, resulting in finer dispersion.",
"The rapid cooling of martensite prevents carbide formation during quenching, so tempering is required to precipitate fine carbides, whereas pearlite forms carbides directly during slow cooling.",
"Pearlite forms under equilibrium conditions, allowing carbides to grow larger, while tempered martensite forms under non-equilibrium conditions, restricting carbide growth.",
"The carbides in pearlite exhibit a lamellar morphology with low dispersion, whereas the carbides in martensite are fine particles with high dispersion."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why does hydrogen fluoride (HF) have a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride (HCl) (19.4°C vs. -85°C), even though HF has a lower molecular weight?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"HF has a higher boiling point because it is more polar than HCl, leading to stronger dipole-dipole interactions.",
"The higher boiling point of HF is due to its ability to form more hydrogen bonds per molecule compared to HCl.",
"The intermolecular bonding for HF is hydrogen, whereas for HCl, the intermolecular bonding is van der Waals. Since the hydrogen bond is stronger than van der Waals, HF will have a higher boiling temperature.",
"The boiling point difference is due to the higher electronegativity of fluorine compared to chlorine, which increases the covalent bond strength in HF."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "For a face-centered cubic crystal stretched along the [131] axis, the resolved shear stress on the slip system (111)[0-11] under a tensile stress of 6.9×10^5 Pa is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"2.56×10^5 Pa",
"-1.28×10^5 Pa",
"-2.56×10^5 Pa",
"3.84×10^5 Pa"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why can the lever rule be applied in binary phase diagrams but not in the vertical sections of ternary phase diagrams?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Ternary vertical sections always cut through multiple two-phase regions simultaneously, making phase fraction calculations indeterminate.",
"The lever rule requires constant temperature conditions, which are only guaranteed in binary phase diagrams but not in ternary vertical sections.",
"Binary phase diagrams have linear tie lines that satisfy the lever rule's geometric requirements, whereas ternary systems have curved tie lines.",
"In binary phase diagrams, the lever rule can be used to calculate the relative amounts of phases in phase equilibrium reactions of binary systems, whereas the vertical sections of ternary phase diagrams generally do not reflect the phase equilibrium relationships of ternary systems, hence the lever rule cannot be applied. However, when the vertical section happens to pass through the connecting line of the pure component-stable compound or stable compound-stable compound composition points, the stable compound can be treated as a component, and the vertical section diagram reflects the phase equilibrium relationships in the ternary system. In this case, the lever rule can be used to calculate the relative amounts of phases during phase equilibrium transformations."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why is interstitial diffusion normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Interstitial atoms have lower activation energy for diffusion compared to vacancy diffusion.",
"The concentration of interstitial sites is inherently higher than that of vacancies in most crystal structures.",
"Interstitial atoms, being smaller, are more mobile; and the probability of an empty adjacent interstitial site is greater than for a vacancy adjacent to a host (or substitutional impurity) atom.",
"Vacancy diffusion is slower because it requires the simultaneous movement of multiple atoms."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the most densely packed direction in a body-centered cubic crystal?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"<100>",
"<110>",
"<111>",
"<110> (for FCC)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following pairs of dislocations is equivalent to a row of vacancies (or a row of interstitial atoms)?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"A pair of screw dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors annihilating each other",
"Two edge dislocations with parallel half-planes separated by one atomic spacing",
"A positive edge dislocation and a negative edge dislocation with their half-planes on the same plane",
"A positive edge dislocation interacting with a vacancy cluster"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "According to the Hall-Petch equation σ=σ₀+kd⁻¹/², given that when annealed for 30 minutes σ=112MPa, d=23μm, and when annealed for 60 minutes σ=103MPa, d=32.5μm, which of the following are the correct values of the constants σ₀ and k?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"σ₀ = 55.3MPa, k = 385MPa·μm¹/²",
"σ₀ = 68.4MPa, k = 215MPa·μm¹/²",
"σ₀ = 55.3MPa, k = 272MPa·μm¹/²",
"σ₀ = 55.3GPa, k = 0.272MPa·μm¹/²"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "To which group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 112 belong?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"VIIIB",
"IB",
"IIB",
"IIA"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "How does deformation by drawing of a semicrystalline polymer affect its tensile strength?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Increases",
"Decreases due to chain scission",
"First increases then decreases",
"Depends on the strain rate"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given a simple cubic lattice solid solution with a lattice constant α=0.3nm, the flux of A atoms J_A = -1.5×10² atoms/(m²·s), and the flux of B atoms J_B = -1.5×10³ atoms/(m²·s), what is the marker plane velocity?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.43×10⁻²⁵m/s",
"2.43×10⁻²⁵m/s",
"2.43×10⁻²³m/s",
"-2.43×10⁻²⁵m/s"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In the heterogeneous nucleation model, when the contact angle θ between the nucleus and the substrate plane is π/2, what fraction of the homogeneous nucleation energy is the nucleation energy?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1/4",
"1/√2",
"Half",
"2/3"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the meaning of the symbol Ca_{i}^{* *}?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Ca2+ is located at the vacancy site of the lattice",
"Two Ca2+ ions are located at the interstitial sites",
"Ca2+ is located at the interstitial site of the lattice",
"A Frenkel defect involving Ca2+ ions"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes the eutectic point in ternary invariant points and its equilibrium relationship?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"The eutectic point is where one crystalline phase transforms into two others upon cooling, with equilibrium L(E)+A⇄B+C",
"It's an invariant point where liquid transforms into a single solid phase upon cooling: L(E)⇄A",
"The point where three solid phases melt congruently upon heating: A+B+C⇄L(E)",
"The eutectic point is a type of invariant point where several crystalline phases simultaneously precipitate from the melt upon cooling or melt together upon heating. The phase equilibrium relationship is L(E)⇄A+B+C"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]D[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Why is carburization chosen in γ-Fe around 930‰, where the diffusion coefficient increases with carbon content?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Because 930°C is just below the γ-Fe to δ-Fe transition temperature",
"The diffusion coefficient decreases with carbon content due to site blocking",
"In γ-Fe, the diffusion coefficient increases with carbon content",
"Carbon activity reaches maximum at this composition"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Visible light having a wavelength of 5 x 10^-7 m appears green. What is the energy of a photon of this light?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"1.99 x 10^-19 J (1.24 eV)",
"3.98 x 10^-19 J (2.48 eV)",
"5.21 x 10^-19 J (3.25 eV)",
"3.98 x 10^-19 eV (6.37 x 10^-38 J)"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In homogeneous nucleation, assuming the nucleus shape is a cube with side length a, given σ and ΔGv, the critical nucleation work is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"16σ³/ΔGv²",
"24σ³/ΔGv²",
"32σ³/ΔGv²",
"12σ²/ΔGv"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Given that the relative atomic mass of Si is 28.09, if there are 5×10^10 electrons capable of free movement in 100g of Si, what is the proportion of covalent bonds that must be broken?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"5.83 × 10^-15",
"2.332 × 10^-14",
"1.166 × 10^-14",
"4.66 × 10^-14"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "At 800°C, which of the following phases exist in Fe-0.002C steel?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"α phase only",
"γ phase only",
"α phase, γ phase, and Fe3C",
"α phase and martensite"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "In stable ZrO2 material, cations form an fcc structure, and anions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites. If 20 mol% CaO is added, what is the percentage of occupied tetrahedral interstitial sites?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"80%",
"90%",
"50%",
"75%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "The unit of diffusion flux is:",
"choices": {
"text": [
"cm2/s",
"mol/cm2·s",
"1/cm2·s",
"cm-2·s-1"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "What is the minimum radius of an atom that will just fit into the octahedral interstitial site in BCC lithium?",
"choices": {
"text": [
"0.535 Å",
"0.629 Å",
"0.755 Å",
"0.429 Å"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]B[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
},
{
"question": "Suppose 1 at% of the following elements is added to copper (forming a separate alloy with each element) without exceeding the solubility limit. Which one would be expected to give the higher strength alloy? For copper: r_Cu=1.278 Å",
"choices": {
"text": [
"Be: r=1.143 Å, φr=-10.6%",
"Sn: r=1.508 Å, φr=+18.0%",
"Sr: r=2.151 Å, φr=+68.3%",
"Cr: r=1.249 Å, φr=-2.3%"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
]
},
"answer": "[ANSWER]C[/ANSWER]",
"prompt": "You are an expert in materials science. Please answer the following materials science question by selecting the correct option. You MUST include the letter of the correct answer at the end of your response within the following tags: [ANSWER] and [/ANSWER]. For example: [ANSWER]A[/ANSWER]."
}
]
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink