{
    "protocol": "1. Use acrylic ester as the main chain for the polymer synthesis. 2. Introduce hydrophilic monomer 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to enhance the hydrophilicity. 3. Modify the acrylic resin main chain with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl-2-methyl-2-methacrylate (MPS). 4. Use tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a curing agent. 5. Conduct a dehydration condensation reaction under alkaline conditions to generate Si–O–Si bonds from the hydroxyl groups of MPS and TEOS. 6. Ensure that Si–O–Si bonds migrate to the coating surface during curing to form a dense Si–O–Si network structure. 7. Cure the film by adding a photoinitiator and reactive diluents through the double bonds from half-blocked polyurethane. 8. Measure properties of the films with varying TEOS contents using contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).AA and HEA were pretreated to remove polymerization inhibitor. A mixture of AA, AMPS, HEA, MPS, and DMF was added into a dried 250 mL four-necked flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, condenser, N2 catheters, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. The mixture was stirred at room temperature under N2 protection and gradually heated to 80°C. AIBN (3% of total monomer weight) was dissolved in a small amount of DMF, half of which was added into the flask dropwise via the constant-pressure dropping funnel for 1 hour at 80°C, and reacted for another 3 hours at 80°C. The remaining initiator was then added to the flask at the same dripping speed and reacted for another 3 hours. Nucleophilic addition of IPDI and HEA was employed to prepare isocyanate-containing unsaturated monomer, IPHE. A mixture of IPDI, HEA, MEHQ, ACE, and DBTDL was added into a dried 250 mL four-necked flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, condenser, N2 catheters, and pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, then gradually heated to 55°C and allowed to react for 2 hours. The NCO content was monitored during the reaction using the standard dibutylamine backtitration method. Upon reaching the theoretical NCO value, the product was cooled to room temperature, transferred to another pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, then added dropwise to the PAAMH. At the same time, additional catalyst DBTDL was added and reacted at 80°C for about 3 hours until the NCO content reached another theoretical value. Reaction completion was confirmed by disappearance of the FTIR absorption peak at 2270 cm-1 corresponding to stretching vibration of NCO group. Acetone was added to adjust the viscosity of the IPHE prepolymer, which was later removed to afford PAAMH-IH with 30 wt% solid content.Combine PAAMH-IH with 3-4 wt% photoinitiator (Irgacure 1173), 0.3 wt% leveling agent 3288, 25 wt% reactive diluents 15EO-TMPTA, and an appropriate amount of TEOS as per Table 2. Adjust the pH to approximately 13 using 25% aqueous ammonia, then stir quickly at room temperature. Coat the solution onto clean glass slides by dipping, and allow to dry slowly at 50°C for 5 hours. Heat the films in an oven at 70°C for 2 hours. Finally, irradiate the films using a 1200-W UV lamp (200-400 nm) for 30 seconds at room temperature."
}