{
    "protocol": "The sulfonic acid type amphoteric surface active agent is prepared by reacting an alpha-hydroxyalkyldialkylamine derived from a tertiary alkylamine or alpha, beta-alkylene epoxide with an alkane sultone or by reacting the alpha-hydroxyalkyldialkylamine with benzyl chloride or epichlorohydrin and sulfating the resulting product. This agent is incorporated in the anti-fogging agent in an amount of 0.05 to 30% by weight. Additionally, an inorganic salt or acetate is used as a second component in the amount of 0.01 to 20% by weight, selected from inorganic salts and acetates such as NaSCN, NaNO3, KCl, LiBr, NH4Cl, KI, MgCl2, CaCl2, and CH3COONa.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, incorporate a nonionic surface active agent represented by the formula R O(C H2C H2O)n, where R is an alkyl group (10 to 16 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (14 to 18 carbon atoms), or a phenyl group. The amount of this agent should be 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight. Additionally, incorporate a water-soluble polymer composed of a maleic anhydride-vinyl monomer copolymer, such as a maleic anhydride-acetalized vinyl alcohol copolymer, in an amount of 0.005 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight. The average degree of polymerization of the water-soluble polymer should be in the range of 500 to 1500. To enhance low temperature stability, include up to 30% by weight of an alcohol with two or three carbon atoms (e.g., ethanol, propanol).A durable anti-fogging composition consists essentially of 0.05 to 30% by weight of at least one sulfonic acid type amphoteric surface active agent having the formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 each is alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl, the sum of the number of carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R3 is in the range of from 16 to 38 and one of R1, R2 and R3 is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having at least 14 carbon atoms, and R4 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; 0.01 to 20% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts and acetates having the formulae MeSCN, MeNO3, MeX and MeOOCCH3 in which Me is a cation selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, NH4, Ca and Mg and X is halogen; up to 30% by weight of alkanol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; and the balance is water."
}