{
    "protocol": "First, treat the glass substrate with a piranha solution to increase the number of hydroxyl groups. Next, modify the substrate with gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) to introduce C=C double bonds. Prepare the superhydrophilic polyacrylate coating films by utilizing 2-methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as the hydrophilic monomer and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as the crosslinker through UV-initiated polymerization.Glass slides were treated by submerging in a freshly prepared piranha solution containing 70% H2SO4 and 30% H2O2 at 90°C for 1h, then rinsed with copious amounts of deionized water to obtain hydroxylated glass substrates. 10 g MPS was added into 190 g ethanol solution (Vethanol/Vwater=2) in a 500 mL beaker and stirred for 1h at room temperature. The solution was heated to 70°C, the hydroxylated glass substrates were immersed for 45min, then taken out and placed in a vacuum oven at 110°C for 1h for further reaction. Finally, the glass substrates were rinsed thoroughly with ethanol by ultrasonic three times at room temperature, then dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 24h to prepare MPS-modified glass substrates.Appropriate amount of DMC solution, TMPTA, Darocur 1173, and ethanol were uniformly mixed. The obtained solution was dripped and scraped onto the MPS-modified glass substrate using a flat-plate knife coater. The samples were then exposed to UV light (INTELLIRAY 400, Uvitron International, Inc., USA) for 400 seconds, with the distance between the samples and the center of the UV light lamp being 15 cm. After ethanol evaporation and the occurrence of the UV-curing reaction, films with an average thickness of 13±1 μm were obtained.To synthesize UV-curable super-hydrophilic polyacrylate coating films, the following formulations (with mass ratios of DMC to TMPTA) and corresponding amounts of each component are used: S1 (9/1) - 4.0 g DMC, 0.32 g TMPTA, 0.16 g Darocur 1173, 20.0 g Ethanol; S2 (8/2) - 4.0 g DMC, 0.72 g TMPTA, 0.16 g Darocur 1173, 20.0 g Ethanol; S3 (7/3) - 4.0 g DMC, 1.23 g TMPTA, 0.16 g Darocur 1173, 20.0 g Ethanol; S4 (6/4) - 4.0 g DMC, 1.92 g TMPTA, 0.16 g Darocur 1173, 20.0 g Ethanol; S5 (5/5) - 4.0 g DMC, 2.88 g TMPTA, 0.16 g Darocur 1173, 20.0 g Ethanol. The films are then applied as a coating on a glass substrate."
}