{
    "protocol": "The synthesis involves the preparation of UV-curable acrylate polymers that contain sulfonic groups specifically designed for anti-fog coatings.The hydrophilic polymer was prepared via free radical copolymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as the hydrophilic monomer. The subsequent UV-curing of the copolymer led to the formation of a coating with good anti-fog and mechanical properties.An isocyanate-containing unsaturated monomer named HIp was prepared via nucleophilic addition of IPDI and HEMA at a molar ratio of 1:1, maintaining the temperature at 40°C. A series of sulfo-group-containing acrylate copolymers (PHEMA) were synthesized through free radical copolymerization of AMPS, HEMA, EHA, and MMA using AIBN as an initiator. The bulk copolymerizations were conducted at 90°C with a fixed concentration of AIBN at 2x10^-3 mol per mol of all monomers. The prepared PHEMA was then reacted with Hip to introduce urethane groups and cross-linkable double bonds, resulting in a UV-curable copolymer named U-PHEMA. IU-PHEMA, as a prepolymer for antifog coating, was obtained by ionization of U-PHEMA with a KOH–methanol solution.The IU-PHEMA was mixed with photoinitiator and reactive diluents to obtain formulas. HDDA and EOTMPTA were chosen as the reactive diluents to increase the double bond content, and CD9051 and w190 were used to improve the adhesion of the formula on glass. The formula was then coated on clean substrates to obtain a transparent film.Coatings are prepared on one side of clean substrates and cured under UV lamp. One part of each substrate is coated and the other part is uncoated. Samples are held above hot water at 80 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds for the anti warm fog test. For the anti cold fog test, coatings are prepared on both sides of clean substrates and cured under UV lamp, then samples are placed in a -15 degrees Celsius refrigerator for 10 minutes and taken out in a 50% humidity environment. Coated panels are immersed in oleic acid at room temperature to evaluate oil resistance. For chemical resistance, samples are immersed in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4, 1 mol L-1 NaOH and 50% ethanol."
}