{
    "content": "The extracted monomers for synthesizing hydrophilic polymers include chitosan, acrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, which possess functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxylic acid (-COOH), and amine (-NH2) groups that enhance the hydrophilicity of the corresponding polymers by facilitating hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with water.The hydrophilic polymer N-carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC) is synthesized from chitosan, which has amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, and acrylic acid, which introduces carboxyl (-COOH) groups, enhancing hydrophilicity by increasing polar interactions with water, thereby improving water solubility and interaction capabilities of the polymer.The functional groups that enhance the hydrophilicity of the corresponding polymers include hydroxyl groups in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the presence of borate ions from sodium borate, which facilitate strong hydrogen bonding and enhance interactions with water by providing sites for hydrogen bonding and increasing water affinity.The synthesis involves PVA, which contains hydroxyl functional groups that enhance hydrophilicity through hydrogen bonding with water, as well as agarose, which has hydroxyl groups that similarly improve water interactions."
}