{
    "protocol": "Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a cyclical process in which a charged material is adsorbed onto a substrate, and after washing, an oppositely charged material is adsorbed on top of the first layer. This constitutes a single bilayer with a thickness generally on the order of nanometers, and the deposition process can then be repeated until a multilayer film of desired thickness has been assembled. Various interactions can be utilized for LbL assembly, including electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding, and host-guest interactions, using diverse materials such as polymers, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, nanoparticles, and suprastructures."
}