{
    "protocol": "In this study, a quaternary ammonium salt (14QAS) was synthesized in the lab for use in ultraviolet-cured antifog coatings. The QAS-containing polymers were applied to create durable antifog coatings, which demonstrated long-lasting antifogging properties and antibacterial effects.The synthesis route of 14QAS was list in Scheme 1.Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (0.25 mol), BTD (0.2 mol), and tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) were added into a 250 ml three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a condenser, desiccator, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was stirred at 37°C for 24 hr. After the reaction, unreacted BTD and DMAEMA were removed by repeated washing for 1-2 min with 5-7 ml ether aliquots, discarding the ether supernatant after each wash. Residual ether was removed via gentle nitrogen stream, and the final product was dried for 24 hr under vacuum in the dark. The yield of 14QAS under 37°C could be 33.7%.Dissolve 14QAS and 1173 in HEA, then mix with PEGDA 600, CN929, and leveling agent. Use a wire bar coater (20 µm) to prepare the film on glass slides and irradiate for 3 min with a medium-pressure mercury lamp. Light intensity should be set to 20 mW/cm² as measured by an ultraviolet light radiometer.14QAS was prepared by the reaction of tertiary amine and bromoalkane. The synthesis was optimized by varying temperatures between 35°C and 40°C, with the maximum yield of 35.4% obtained at 37°C."
}