wl-hydrophilic-polymer/task2/task2-paper-info/ANTI-FOG US10048408B2.json

{
    "protocol": "The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves reacting isocyanates with polyfunctional polyols to obtain a polyurethane. Subsequently, a hydrophilic surface-active agent is contacted with the prepared polyurethane to allow diffusion of the agent into the coating's interior. Additionally, sulfonated resins can be prepared from diols or diamines reacted with di-carboxylic acid esters and then sulfonated or quarternized. These resins are reacted into the polyurethane backbone in an end-to-end fashion to increase hydrophilicity. Furthermore, a non-ionic surfactant with reactive functional groups can be incorporated by reacting it with an isocyanate prepolymer that has been reacted with polyvinylpyrrolidone to improve antifog properties while integrating hydroxyl reactive groups.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, use thermoplastic polyurethane compositions formed from the reaction of a diisocyanate with short-chain diols (chain extenders) and diisocyanates with long-chain difunctional diols (polyols). Ensure that the resulting polymeric dispersion maintains an alkaline pH and can be prepared as a latex.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, begin with the polyesterification of an organic polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof with organic polyols and/or an epoxide. Utilize aliphatic or aromatic dibasic acids and diols, including acyclic alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, and cyclic glycols like hydrogenated Bisphenol A. For polyol components, consider using hydroxy-containing acrylic polymers or acrylic polyols, and examples of polyether polyols with specific formulas. Following the formation of polyester polyols, proceed by reacting these polyols with diisocyanates or polyisocyanates, ensuring a molar excess for complete reaction. Incorporate an internal emulsifier during the reaction, which can be a diol with ionic or non-ionic groups, such as polyethylene oxide. For anionic polyurethane dispersions, include dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) to enhance dispersibility and provide curing sites. The resulting polymer structure can exhibit a combination of soft and hard segments, forming a stable aqueous dispersion, which is then processed to achieve desired properties.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves creating a coating composition that typically contains one or more polymers, such as polyurethane and/or acrylic polymers, in an amount totaling at least 40 wt% solids. The crosslinker concentration is generally at least 2 wt% and can go up to 25 wt% of the solids. A hydrophilic additive that is non-reactive with the polymer yet can be crosslinked is included, typically at a concentration of at least 5 wt%. This additive comprises a polyalkylene oxide backbone with terminal acid or salt groups. The hydrophpilic additive can be formed from a polyalkylene oxide amine reacted with succinic anhydride, then with an alkyl amine to convert acid groups into ammonium salt groups. The polymeric dispersion may also include various commercial polyurethanes and acrylic emulsions as needed. The crosslinking occurs when the composition is cured, typically under ambient conditions or when the pH drops below 6.Silica nanoparticles modified with functional silanes were prepared by slowly adding a desired amount of a functional silane to selected silica nanoparticle dispersion. The relative amounts of the silica nanoparticle dispersion to the functional silane were determined based on equivalent surface coverage desired. The resulting dispersions were stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and then heated to 65°C in an oven overnight.To synthesize PEG-based ammonium salts, begin with the appropriate molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the base polymer. React the PEG with a suitable amine source to introduce ammonium functional groups. The reaction conditions should include appropriate temperatures and solvent systems conducive to the formation of ionic bonds. After completion of the reaction, purify the synthesized polymer through dialysis or precipitation methods to remove unreacted monomers and by-products. Finally, characterize the resulting hydrophilic polymer using techniques such as NMR and FTIR to confirm the presence of the ammonium functional groups.Trifunctional aziridine crosslinkers PZ-2382 and PZ-502 were prepared via a Michael addition of EM 2382 (6) with 2-methylaziridine. 2-methylaziridine (9.1 grams, 0.1385 mol) was added drop-wise to the EM 2382 or SR-502 (30 grams, 0.0434 mol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and then refluxed at 60°C for 24 hours. Next, succinic anhydride (10 grams) was dissolved into THF at 50°C, and ED-900 (50 grams) or ED-2003 (100 grams) was added. After 24 hours of reaction at 50°C, the product yellow viscous liquid or yellowish wax was obtained after removal of THF under vacuum. The resulting PEG-based diacid was dissolved into water to obtain a 30% aqueous solution, to which 10 grams of triethylamine was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain PEG-based dicarboxylic acid ammonium salts with 30 wt% solid.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 15 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %), prepared as described in Preparative Example 5, under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat, prepared as described in Preparative Example 4) and 18.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.26 grams) was mixed with 29.2 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion, then 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 3.6 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then 45 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 3 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BYK-346, and 3 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BYK-346, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a # 14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. Coating solutions were applied to a glass plate and a PC lens by casting and dip coating methods followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 56.3 grams) was mixed with 15.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %, 4C) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt %) and 17.7 grams of water were added and stirred for 45 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C water or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated PC film still exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and durability.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 15 grams of 2003-DA (30 wt % prepared as described in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then, add 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 18.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) on a PC plate using a Velmax Unislide dip coater and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. Soak the coated PC plates in room temperature water for 240 hours, or in water at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-28 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a # 14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film was soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, and 96 hours at 80°C or 120 hours at 65°C.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-33 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90). After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C water or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated PC film still exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and was very durable.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 3.0 grams of XL-706 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, stirring for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) onto a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, soak the coated PC film in room temperature water for 240 hours, or at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D).Prepare a homogenous dispersion under stirring. Add 3.0 grams of CX-100 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar. Cure the coated film at 110°C for 20 minutes. To test the performance, expose the film to 50°C vapor and assess anti-fog performance and light transmittance. Soak the coated film in room temperature water for 240 hours, or 96 hours at 80°C, or 120 hours at 65°C to evaluate durability and anti-fog performance.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1 gram BRIJ 30, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a # 14 Mayer Bar or by dipping coating and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated films were subjected to soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, 96 hours at 80°C water, or 120 hours at 65°C. The resulting films were tested for anti-fog performance and light transmittance.Mix 65.6 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 7.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1 gram of BRIJ 30, and 3 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (35 wt % solids) on a PC plate using a #14 Mayer Bar or by dip coating, and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film exhibits 'excellent' anti-fog performance. Additionally, the solution can be used to coat a glass plate and a PC lens using casting and dip coating methods, followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes. After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated surfaces maintain 'excellent' anti-fog performance.An acrylic latex (40.5 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-DA (30 wt %, 30 grams) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were then added, and the solution was stirred for 20 minutes. The final dispersion solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer. The coated PC film was cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.A polyurethane/acrylic hybrid latex (40 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-DA (30 wt %, 30.0 grams) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were added respectively, and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was achieved.1. Combine 94.38 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 61.17 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %). Stir for 15 minutes to form a homogenous dispersion. 2. Add 1.75 grams of BYK-346 with stirring, and stir for an additional 15 minutes to achieve a homogenous dispersion. 3. Combine the specified crosslinker type and amount with 0.4 grams of water and 9 grams of the polyurethane blend to create the anti-fog coating composition. 4. Coat the compositions onto PC film using Meyer bar #15. 5. Cure the coatings at 120°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 32.8 grams) was mixed with 11.5 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 0.75 grams Jeecol LA-7 (C12E0_7 from Jeen International Co.) and 1.0 gram BYK-346 were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution was cast on the substrates, such as stainless steel, PVC, and fiberboard, then cured at room temperature.Mix 32.8 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 11.5 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 1.0 gram of Bacote 20 (20% by weight in water), 0.75 grams of Jeecol LA-7 (C12E0_7), and 1.0 gram of BYK346. Stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Cast the solution on substrates such as stainless steel, PVC, and fiberboard, then cure at room temperature.A method of providing an anti-fog coating on a surface of a substrate, the method comprising providing the coating composition according to claim 1; applying the coating composition to a substrate; and drying and curing the coating composition."
}
	`{`
	"protocol": "The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves reacting isocyanates with polyfunctional polyols to obtain a polyurethane. Subsequently, a hydrophilic surface-active agent is contacted with the prepared polyurethane to allow diffusion of the agent into the coating's interior. Additionally, sulfonated resins can be prepared from diols or diamines reacted with di-carboxylic acid esters and then sulfonated or quarternized. These resins are reacted into the polyurethane backbone in an end-to-end fashion to increase hydrophilicity. Furthermore, a non-ionic surfactant with reactive functional groups can be incorporated by reacting it with an isocyanate prepolymer that has been reacted with polyvinylpyrrolidone to improve antifog properties while integrating hydroxyl reactive groups.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, use thermoplastic polyurethane compositions formed from the reaction of a diisocyanate with short-chain diols (chain extenders) and diisocyanates with long-chain difunctional diols (polyols). Ensure that the resulting polymeric dispersion maintains an alkaline pH and can be prepared as a latex.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, begin with the polyesterification of an organic polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof with organic polyols and/or an epoxide. Utilize aliphatic or aromatic dibasic acids and diols, including acyclic alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, and cyclic glycols like hydrogenated Bisphenol A. For polyol components, consider using hydroxy-containing acrylic polymers or acrylic polyols, and examples of polyether polyols with specific formulas. Following the formation of polyester polyols, proceed by reacting these polyols with diisocyanates or polyisocyanates, ensuring a molar excess for complete reaction. Incorporate an internal emulsifier during the reaction, which can be a diol with ionic or non-ionic groups, such as polyethylene oxide. For anionic polyurethane dispersions, include dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) to enhance dispersibility and provide curing sites. The resulting polymer structure can exhibit a combination of soft and hard segments, forming a stable aqueous dispersion, which is then processed to achieve desired properties.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves creating a coating composition that typically contains one or more polymers, such as polyurethane and/or acrylic polymers, in an amount totaling at least 40 wt% solids. The crosslinker concentration is generally at least 2 wt% and can go up to 25 wt% of the solids. A hydrophilic additive that is non-reactive with the polymer yet can be crosslinked is included, typically at a concentration of at least 5 wt%. This additive comprises a polyalkylene oxide backbone with terminal acid or salt groups. The hydrophpilic additive can be formed from a polyalkylene oxide amine reacted with succinic anhydride, then with an alkyl amine to convert acid groups into ammonium salt groups. The polymeric dispersion may also include various commercial polyurethanes and acrylic emulsions as needed. The crosslinking occurs when the composition is cured, typically under ambient conditions or when the pH drops below 6.Silica nanoparticles modified with functional silanes were prepared by slowly adding a desired amount of a functional silane to selected silica nanoparticle dispersion. The relative amounts of the silica nanoparticle dispersion to the functional silane were determined based on equivalent surface coverage desired. The resulting dispersions were stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and then heated to 65°C in an oven overnight.To synthesize PEG-based ammonium salts, begin with the appropriate molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the base polymer. React the PEG with a suitable amine source to introduce ammonium functional groups. The reaction conditions should include appropriate temperatures and solvent systems conducive to the formation of ionic bonds. After completion of the reaction, purify the synthesized polymer through dialysis or precipitation methods to remove unreacted monomers and by-products. Finally, characterize the resulting hydrophilic polymer using techniques such as NMR and FTIR to confirm the presence of the ammonium functional groups.Trifunctional aziridine crosslinkers PZ-2382 and PZ-502 were prepared via a Michael addition of EM 2382 (6) with 2-methylaziridine. 2-methylaziridine (9.1 grams, 0.1385 mol) was added drop-wise to the EM 2382 or SR-502 (30 grams, 0.0434 mol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and then refluxed at 60°C for 24 hours. Next, succinic anhydride (10 grams) was dissolved into THF at 50°C, and ED-900 (50 grams) or ED-2003 (100 grams) was added. After 24 hours of reaction at 50°C, the product yellow viscous liquid or yellowish wax was obtained after removal of THF under vacuum. The resulting PEG-based diacid was dissolved into water to obtain a 30% aqueous solution, to which 10 grams of triethylamine was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain PEG-based dicarboxylic acid ammonium salts with 30 wt% solid.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 15 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %), prepared as described in Preparative Example 5, under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat, prepared as described in Preparative Example 4) and 18.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.26 grams) was mixed with 29.2 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion, then 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 3.6 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then 45 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 3 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BYK-346, and 3 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BYK-346, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a # 14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. Coating solutions were applied to a glass plate and a PC lens by casting and dip coating methods followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 56.3 grams) was mixed with 15.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %, 4C) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt %) and 17.7 grams of water were added and stirred for 45 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C water or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated PC film still exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and durability.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 15 grams of 2003-DA (30 wt % prepared as described in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then, add 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 18.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) on a PC plate using a Velmax Unislide dip coater and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. Soak the coated PC plates in room temperature water for 240 hours, or in water at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-28 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a # 14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film was soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, and 96 hours at 80°C or 120 hours at 65°C.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D prepared as described above in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-33 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90). After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C water or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated PC film still exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and was very durable.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 3.0 grams of XL-706 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, stirring for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) onto a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, soak the coated PC film in room temperature water for 240 hours, or at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % D).Prepare a homogenous dispersion under stirring. Add 3.0 grams of CX-100 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar. Cure the coated film at 110°C for 20 minutes. To test the performance, expose the film to 50°C vapor and assess anti-fog performance and light transmittance. Soak the coated film in room temperature water for 240 hours, or 96 hours at 80°C, or 120 hours at 65°C to evaluate durability and anti-fog performance.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt % prepared as described in Preparative Example 5) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1 gram BRIJ 30, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a # 14 Mayer Bar or by dipping coating and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated films were subjected to soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, 96 hours at 80°C water, or 120 hours at 65°C. The resulting films were tested for anti-fog performance and light transmittance.Mix 65.6 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 7.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1 gram of BRIJ 30, and 3 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (35 wt % solids) on a PC plate using a #14 Mayer Bar or by dip coating, and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film exhibits 'excellent' anti-fog performance. Additionally, the solution can be used to coat a glass plate and a PC lens using casting and dip coating methods, followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes. After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated surfaces maintain 'excellent' anti-fog performance.An acrylic latex (40.5 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-DA (30 wt %, 30 grams) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were then added, and the solution was stirred for 20 minutes. The final dispersion solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer. The coated PC film was cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.A polyurethane/acrylic hybrid latex (40 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-DA (30 wt %, 30.0 grams) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were added respectively, and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was achieved.1. Combine 94.38 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 61.17 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %). Stir for 15 minutes to form a homogenous dispersion. 2. Add 1.75 grams of BYK-346 with stirring, and stir for an additional 15 minutes to achieve a homogenous dispersion. 3. Combine the specified crosslinker type and amount with 0.4 grams of water and 9 grams of the polyurethane blend to create the anti-fog coating composition. 4. Coat the compositions onto PC film using Meyer bar #15. 5. Cure the coatings at 120°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 32.8 grams) was mixed with 11.5 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 0.75 grams Jeecol LA-7 (C12E0_7 from Jeen International Co.) and 1.0 gram BYK-346 were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution was cast on the substrates, such as stainless steel, PVC, and fiberboard, then cured at room temperature.Mix 32.8 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 11.5 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 1.0 gram of Bacote 20 (20% by weight in water), 0.75 grams of Jeecol LA-7 (C12E0_7), and 1.0 gram of BYK346. Stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Cast the solution on substrates such as stainless steel, PVC, and fiberboard, then cure at room temperature.A method of providing an anti-fog coating on a surface of a substrate, the method comprising providing the coating composition according to claim 1; applying the coating composition to a substrate; and drying and curing the coating composition."
	`}`