52 lines
9.8 KiB
JSON
52 lines
9.8 KiB
JSON
[
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{
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"id": 1,
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"chunk": "# ADVANCED MATERIALS \n\nSupporting Information \n\nfor Adv. Mater., DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002710 \n\nWet-Style Superhydrophobic Antifogging Coatings for Optical Sensors \n\nJongsun Yoon, Min Ryu, Hyeongjeong Kim, Gwang-Noh Ahn, Se-Jun Yim, Dong-Pyo Kim,\\* and Hyomin Lee\\* \n\nCopyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2020.",
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"category": " References"
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},
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{
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"id": 2,
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"chunk": "# Supporting Information",
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"category": " References"
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},
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{
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"id": 3,
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"chunk": "# Wet-Style Superhydrophobic Antifogging Coatings for Optical Sensors \n\nJongsun Yoon, Min Ryu, Hyeongjeong Kim, Gwang-Noh Ahn, Se-Jun Yim, Dong-Pyo Kim\\*, and Hyomin Lee\\*",
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"category": " Abstract"
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},
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{
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"id": 4,
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"chunk": "# WILEY-VCH",
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"category": " References"
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},
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{
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"id": 5,
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"chunk": "# Experimental Section",
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"category": " Materials and methods"
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},
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{
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"id": 6,
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"chunk": "# Materials \n\nChitosan (CHI, low molecular weight), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, $\\mathrm{Mw}=250{,}000\\ \\mathrm{g}$ $\\mathrm{mol^{-1}}.$ ), Cationic silica nanoparticles LUDOX® CL ( $30\\mathrm{wt}\\%$ $\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ suspension in water, average particle size of $12\\ \\mathrm{nm}$ , and specific surface area of $220{\\mathrm{~m}}^{2}{\\mathrm{~g}}^{-1}.$ ), Anionic silica nanoparticles LUDOX® HS-40 ( $40\\ \\mathrm{wt}\\%$ $\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ suspension in water, average particle size of $12\\ \\mathrm{nm}$ , and specific surface area of $220{\\mathrm{~m}}^{2}{\\mathrm{~g}}^{-1}.$ ), Silicone oil (viscosity $10~\\mathrm{cSt}$ at $25~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ ), Acetic acid, and 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (Darocur 1173) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Korea). Negative photoresist (SU-8 50, Microchem), Perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-urethane methacrylate (Fluorolink® MD700, Solvay), and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard® 184, Dow Corning) were used for lithography. Sand (40-100 mesh) was purchased from Acros Organics. Glass slides $76\\times26\\times1~\\mathrm{mm}$ ) were purchased from Marienfeld. \n\nPolymer-Silica Nanocomposite Fabrication via Layer-by-Layer Assembly: Sequential stacking of polymer and nanoparticle layers were performed using a StratoSequence 8 spin dipper (nanoStrata Inc.), controlled by StratoSmart operating software. The concentrations of CHI, CMC, positive charged $\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ , and negative charged $\\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$ in the dipping solutions were 1 $\\mathrm{mg\\ml^{-1}}$ , $1~\\mathrm{mg~ml^{-1}}$ , $0.03\\%$ (w/w), and $0.03\\%$ (w/w), respectively. For CHI, $0.3\\%$ (v/v) acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) was added prior to dissolving the polymer and was filtered with $5~{\\upmu\\mathrm{m}}$ pore filter (Millex®) after stirring overnight. Deionized water ( $18.2~\\mathrm{M}\\Omega\\cdot\\mathrm{cm}$ at $25~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ ) was used for all aqueous solutions. The dipping time in each solutions was $10~\\mathrm{min}$ followed by three rinsing steps (2, 1, and $1\\mathrm{min}^{\\cdot}$ ) in deionized water. The polymeric reservoir, (CHI/CMC)n ( $\\mathrm{\\dot{n}=}$ number of bilayers) was produced by alternately dipping in CHI and CMC solutions with rinsing steps in between. The polymer-silica nanocomposite was prepared by additionally depositing two complementary interacting nanoparticles on the polymeric reservoir.",
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"category": " Materials and methods"
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},
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"id": 7,
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"chunk": "# WILEY-VCH \n\nCold-Fog Transition Test: The cold-fog transition test described in Figure 1e and Figure 1f was performed by incubating glasses coated with various types of films in a $-15^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ freezer for 12 hours and subsequent transfer to ambient lab conditions ( $21~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , $35\\%$ RH). The cold-fog transition test described in Figure 3b and Figure 3e was conducted by contacting the coated glasses with a Peltier plate $\\left(-20^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}\\right)$ for 1 minute and exposure to an ambient condition $(25^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , $22\\%$ RH) for 10 seconds. The optical photographs were obtained by a digital microscope (AM4113, Dino-Lite). For the observation of surface-induced fog, an inverted microscope (Eclipse Ti2, Nikon) was used. The cold-fog transition test described in Figure S5 was performed by incubating micro-pillar assembled polymer-silica nanocomposite in a $4~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ freezer for 1 hour and subsequent transfer to a temperature and humidity condition of $50~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , $55\\%$ RH. \n\nLow Surface Energy Micro-Pillar Array Transfer on the Polymer-Silica Nanocomposite via Two-Step Lithography: To transfer the micro-pillar array, SU-8 pillar array was fabricated using typical lithography with a negative photoresist (SU-8 50). PDMS was poured onto the master and cured in an oven set at $70~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ for 3 hours. Then, photocurable PFPE polymer precursor containing $4\\%$ (w/w) Darocur 1173 was poured into the PDMS microwell and the excess was removed using a razorblade. Prior to attachment and curing, the polymer-silica nanocomposite was infused with a silicone oil to avoid PFPE film formation on the polymersilica nanocomposite. UV with an intensity of $20\\mathrm{mW}\\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ was irradiated for 5 min to induce photocuring of the independent PFPE pillars. The residue was washed off with acetone. \n\nOther Measurements: The thickness of the films were characterized using profilometry (Dektak XT, Bruker). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were collected using FT-IR spectroscopy (PerkinElmer) in transmittance mode. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were obtained at the 4D beamline in the Pohang Accelerator",
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"category": " Materials and methods"
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},
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"id": 8,
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"chunk": "# WILEY-VCH \n\nLaboratory (PAL). The refractive index of the polymer and the silica layer was measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry (M-2000, J.A. Woollam). The water contact angles were measured using goniometry (SmartDrop, FemtoBiomed Inc.). The transmission spectra of the substrates were measured by spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu) with a scanning rate of $50\\mathrm{nm\\sec^{-1}}$ . To demonstrate the utility of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating, an image sensor (Pixy2) was used to identify the specific colors in various simulated conditions. \n\n \nFigure S1. (a) The thickness of the polymeric reservoir with respect to the number of bilayers (n) of (CHI/CMC). (b) Transmission spectra of the polymeric reservoir, $(\\mathrm{CHI/CMC)_{n}}$ . \n\n \nFigure S2. XPS spectra of the polymer-silica nanocomposite (blue line) and polymeric reservoir (green line) (a) O 1s spectra, (b) Si 2p spectra. \n\n \nFigure S3. (a) The thickness of the polymer-silica nanocomposites with respect to the number of bilayers (n) of $\\mathrm{(SiO_{2}/S i O_{2}}$ ). (b) Transmission spectra of the polymer-silica nanocomposites, $\\mathrm{(CHI/CMC)_{30}(S i O_{2}/S i O_{2})_{n}}$ . \n\n \nFigure S4. FT-IR spectra of the (a) individual materials used in the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating and (b) the coating in each step during the assembly. \n\n \nFigure S5. (a) A plot showing the water advancing (black bar), and receding (red bar) contact angles of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coatings after exposure to various solvents for 1 hour (micro-pillar interval/diameter value of 4.0). (b) Optical photographs taken after transfer to an environmental chamber equilibrated at $50~^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ , $55\\%$ RH from a $4^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ refrigerator for the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coatings treated with various solvents. The scale bar is $1\\mathrm{cm}$ . \n\n \nFigure S6. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the substrates after two-step lithography. (a) Bare glass. (b) Polymeric reservoir. (c) Silica nanoporous film. (d) Polymersilica nanocomposite coated glass. The scale bar is $100\\upmu\\mathrm{m}$ . \n\n \nFigure S7. Transmission spectra of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coatings with respect to the micro-pillar interval to diameter ratio $(I/D)$ with a fixed micro-pillar diameter of $25\\upmu\\mathrm{m}$ .",
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"category": " Materials and methods"
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},
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{
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"id": 9,
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"chunk": "# WILEY-VCH \n\n \nFigure S8. Optical micrograph of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating before and after removal of the contaminant (sand, 40-100 mesh) via self-cleaning. The scale bar is $100\\upmu\\mathrm{m}$ . \n\n \nFigure S9. Transmission spectra of the various films under ambient condition (before) and in a fogging condition (after).",
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"category": " Results and discussion"
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},
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{
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"id": 10,
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"chunk": "# Supporting Movies \n\nMovie S1. The application of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating on a curved surface. \n\nMovie S2. Mechanical durability test of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating. \n\nMovie S3. Water droplet repellency of the wet-style superhydrophobic antifogging coating under the fogging condition.",
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"category": " Results and discussion"
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}
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] |