3 lines
22 KiB
JSON
3 lines
22 KiB
JSON
{
|
|
"protocol": "The coating compositions are prepared by reacting isocyanates with polyfunctional polyols to obtain a polyurethane. Subsequently, the prepared polyurethane is contacted with a hydrophilic surface-active agent to diffuse molecules of the surface-active agent into the interior of the coating. Additionally, the addition of sulfonated resins is suggested by reacting diols or diamines with di-carboxylic acid esters, followed by sulfonation of double bonds or quaternization of amines. Reactive non-ionic surfactants containing functional groups are incorporated into polyurethanes using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a hydrophilic agent, followed by reacting the isocyanate prepolymer with polyvinylpyrrolidone and the non-ionic surfactant having reactive groups, such as hydroxyl reactive groups.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, prepare a reaction mixture that includes a diisocyanate, short-chain diols (chain extenders), and long-chain difunctional diols (polyols), ensuring the presence of an internal emulsifier. The internal emulsifier can be a diol with an ionic group (such as carboxylate or sulfonate) or a non-ionic group like polyethylene oxide. When preparing an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, utilize dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) to provide anionic stabilization and curing sites. The final polymer should be dispersed in a volatile liquid diluent, predominantly water, before coating application.No specific experimental protocol for the synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups was provided in the text excerpt.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves using a polyalkylene oxide backbone that may be formed into acid or salt forms. The process typically includes reacting a polyalkylene oxide amine with a succinic anhydride to form a diacid, and then converting the acid group to an ammonium salt group using an alkyl amine. The resulting compound features a divalent linking group which may vary depending on the reactants used. Additionally, the synthesis may incorporate aziridine crosslinkers that react with carboxylate segments in the polymer backbone, where the concentration of the crosslinker should typically be at least 5 wt-% of the coating composition, and potentially higher concentrations may be explored.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, begin by preparing a coating composition using liquid polyurethane. This can be accomplished either by providing the composition in a pourable or sprayable form, or by impregnating it into an applicator substrate such as a sponge or nonwoven fabric. The application of the coating can be performed through conventional methods such as spraying or spin coating. It is critical to cure the coating with crosslinkers, for instance, aziridine, at elevated temperatures ranging from about 90 to 120°C for approximately 20 minutes. Adjust the curing time depending on temperature; lower temperatures may require longer curing periods. The resulting dried and cured polymer should ideally exhibit high transparency (greater than 90%) and minimal haze (less than 5%). Additionally, ensure that the cured coatings demonstrate good anti-fog properties and mechanical durability under various soaking conditions in water at different temperatures for specified durations.Prepare silica nanoparticles by dispersing them in a suitable solvent. Slowly add a desired amount of functional silane to the nanoparticle dispersion based on the desired equivalent surface coverage. Stir the dispersion for 4 hours at room temperature. Heat the mixture to 65°C and maintain it in an oven overnight. This process modifies the silica nanoparticles with functional silanes, resulting in dispersions with different particle sizes and surface coverages.Prepare trifunctional aziridine crosslinkers PZ-2382 and PZ-502 via a Michael addition of EM2382 (MW=692) or SR-502 (MW=692) with 2-methylaziridine. Use 9.1 grams (0.1385 mol) of 2-methylaziridine in the reaction.1. Dissolve succinic anhydride (10 grams) in THF and heat to 50°C. 2. Add ED-900 (50 grams) or ED-2003 (100 grams) to the solution. 3. Allow the reaction to proceed for 24 hours at 50°C. 4. Remove THF under vacuum to obtain a yellow viscous liquid or yellowish wax. 5. Dissolve the resulting PEG-based diacid in water to create a 30% aqueous solution. 6. Add 10 grams of triethylamine to the aqueous solution and stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. 7. The product is now PEG-based dicarboxylic acid ammonium salts with 30 wt% solid.The components were mixed together and stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. The resulting coating solutions with a solid content of about 30% were coated on polyester (PET), polycarbonate (PC) or glass substrates using a #15 Mayer bar or by dip coating. The resulting coatings were then cured at a temperature from 110-120°C for 20-30 minutes, to form coatings with the desired properties.Place clip with freshly prepared polycarbonate lens slide on metal bar of Velmax Unislide dip coater. Align slide so sides are perpendicular to lab bench top and bottom is parallel to lab bench top. Secure binder clips with tape. The substrates were immersed in coating solutions and were gradually pulled out at an appropriate pulling speed of about 1 mm/second.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 79.7 grams) was mixed with 4.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 15.8 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.Mix 75.0 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt%) with 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 9.0 grams of water. Stir the mixture for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar. Cure the coated film at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, soak the film in room temperature water for 1 hour and then in water at 50°C for 24 hours to assess performance.The polyurethane dispersion W835/360 (33 wt %, 63.6 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 27.4 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion U9800 (34 wt %, 61.8 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 29.2 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion R961 (34wt%, 61.8 grams) was mixed with 9.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 29.2 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 74.1 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1.0 g BYK-346, and 18.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 74.1 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat), 1.0 gram BRIJ 30 and 18.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 75.0 grams) was mixed with 4.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt% solid) and 15.5 grams water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt%) and 21.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. After soaking in room temperature water for 1 hour and then for 24 hours at 50°C water, the coated PET film still exhibited good anti-fog performance.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (100% coverage and 30 wt%) and 21.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt%) and 21.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Then, 0.6 gram of poly(ethylene glycol) (200) monomethacrylate was added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparative Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 wt %) and 21.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. Then, 1.0 gram of BYK-346 was added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogenous dispersion was formed. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.64 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (50% coverage and 30 wt %) and 21.9 grams of water, and then stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. Then, 1.0 gram of BRIJ 30 was added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogenous dispersion was formed. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 8.43 grams) was mixed with 0.94 gram R-961 (32%), 1.15 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 2.5 grams PEG-based modified l0 DVSZNo04 (Preparative Example 2, 50% coverage and 10 wt %) and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. Then, 0.4 gram of A-18 and 0.2 gram BC-10 were respectively added to the above dispersion under stirring until a homogeneous dispersion was formed. The solution was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.Mix 65.6 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt%) with 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 10.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (5% coverage and 30 wt%), and 18.4 grams of water. Stir the mixture for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the resulting solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar. Cure the applied film at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, soak the coated PC film in room temperature water for 1 hour and then for 24 hours at 50°C water.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 56.3 grams) was mixed with 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 20.0 grams PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (5% coverage and 30 wt%) and 17.7 grams of water. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 7.5 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1.5 grams AL-2450, and 22.9 grams water. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.Mix 28.1 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 50.0 grams of PEG-based modified DVSZN004 (5% coverage and 30 wt %) and 15.9 grams of water. Stir the mixture for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 15 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then add 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 18.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) on a PC plate using a Velmax Unislide dip coater and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, soak in room temperature water for 240 hours, or at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.2 grams) was mixed with 29.2 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion, then 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 3.6 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110 °C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90). After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80 °C water or 120 hours at 65 °C, the coated PET film still exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and durability.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram of BYK-346, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar and cured at 110 °C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film exhibited excellent anti-fog performance when exposed to 50 °C vapor and good light transmittance (>90). After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as in 96 hours at 80 °C water or 120 hours at 65 °C, the coated PC film still exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and was very durable. Additionally, a glass plate and a PC lens were coated with the same coating solution using casting and dip coating methods, followed by curing at 110 °C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 56.325 grams) was mixed with 15.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then, 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 5.0 grams PEG-modified DVSZN004 (Preparative Example 2, 50% coverage and 30 wt %) and 17.7 grams of water were added and stirred for 30 minutes until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate by a Velmax Unislide dip coater and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. After coating, it was soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as 96 hours at 80°C water or 120 hours at 65°C, to test for the durability of the coated film.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 15 grams of 2003-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 6.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat) and 18.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC plate using a Velmax Unislide dip coater and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. Soak the coated PC plates in room temperature water for 240 hours, or in water at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.Add 28 grams of PZ-502 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, and stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the resulting solution (30 wt% solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar. Cure the film at 110°C for 5 minutes. Soak the coated PC film in room temperature water for 240 hours, or 96 hours at 80°C, or 120 hours at 65°C.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of PZ-502 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. After curing, the coated PC film was soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, as well as at 80°C for 96 hours, or at 65°C for 120 hours.Mix 60.9 grams of polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %) with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Add 3.0 grams of XL-706 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water, then stir for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion is obtained. Apply the solution (30 wt % solids) on a PC film using a #14 Mayer Bar and cure at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film should then be soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, or for 96 hours at 80°C water, or for 120 hours at 65°C. The final product should exhibit excellent anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90).The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 60.9 grams) was mixed with 25 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 3.0 grams of CX-100 (neat) and 11.1 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (30 wt% solids) was applied on a PC 5 film with a #14 Mayer Bar and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 54.7 grams) was mixed with 35.0 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BRIJ 30, and 4 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt % solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar or by dip coating and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. Coated PC films were soaked in room temperature water for 240 hours, and also tested in hot water (96 hours at 80°C and 120 hours at 65°C). The coated PC film exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90). A glass plate and a PC lens were coated with the same coating solution by casting and dip coating methods, followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes.The polyurethane dispersion W835/140 (32 wt %, 65.6 grams) was mixed with 23.3 grams of 900-DA (30 wt %) under stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then, 7.0 grams of PZ-2382 (neat), 1 gram BRIJ 30 and 3 grams of water were added and stirred for 20 min until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained. The solution (35 wt% solids) was applied on a PC plate with a #14 Mayer Bar or by dip coating and then cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The resulting coated PC film exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and good light transmittance (>90). After soaking in room temperature water for 240 hours as well as 96 hours at 80°C or 120 hours at 65°C, the coated PC film still exhibited 'excellent' anti-fog performance and was very durable. A glass plate and a PC lens were coated with the above coating solution by casting and dip coating methods followed by curing at 110°C for 20 minutes.An acrylic latex (40.5 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-DA (30 wt % D 30 grams) under stirring to form a homogeneous dispersion. Then PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were added respectively, and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes. The final dispersion solution (35 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film with a #14 Mayer. The resulting coating was cured at 110 °C for 20 minutes.A polyurethane/acrylic hybrid latex (40 wt %, 43.5 grams) was mixed with 900-D (30 wt %, 30.0 grams) under stirring to form a homogenous dispersion. Then, PZ-2382 (7.0 grams, neat) and 19.5 grams of water were added, and the resulting solution was stirred for 20 minutes until a homogenous dispersion was obtained. The final dispersion solution (35 wt % solids) was applied on a PC film using a #14 Mayer. The resulting coating was cured at 110°C for 20 minutes. The coated PC film exhibited excellent anti-fog performance and good optical properties, with light transmittance up to 90%. Samples were subjected to water soak tests, one at room temperature for 120 hours and one at 65°C for 120 hours.Silica nanoparticles comprising an epoxy silane surface treatment were prepared by combining Nalco 105O silica nanoparticles sol (180 grams, 10\\mathrm{\\mt\\\\%}) with concentrated 50 \\mathrm{H}_{2}\\mathrm{SO}_{4}$ to a \\mathfrak{p H} value :=2\\mathord{\\sim}3 under stirring condition. Then \\upgamma-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (1.31 grams, 50 mole \\% coverage) was added to the acidified sol dispersion by drop wise. After addition, the solution was heated at 60^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C} overnight. After reaction, the solution \\mathfrak{p H} was adjusted to a neutral condition by adding NaOH aqueous solution (5 wt \\%). A polyurethane dispersion (4.0 grams, 10\\mathrm{wt\\%}), available from DSM NeoResins Company under the trade designation 'NeoResin \\ensuremath{\\mathrm{R960^{\\circ}}}' was mixed with a hydroxyl-containing acrylic latex (2.0 grams, 10 wt \\%) obtained from Bayer Company under the trade designation 'VPLS2058'. To the solution was sequentially added polyisocyanate, available from Bayer under the trade designation 'Bayhdur 2665^{\\mathrm{,}\\mathrm{,}}' (0.04 gram, neat), PZ-2382 (0.15 gram, neat) and epoxy silane modified nanoparticles (50 mole \\% coverage, 2.0 grams, 10\\ \\mathrm{\\mt}\\ \\%). The final solution was stirred for 10 minutes."
|
|
} |