wl-hydrophilic-polymer/task2/task2-paper-info/US10377933-Antifog coating composition and method of making thereof.json

{
    "protocol": "Prepare an antifog coating composition by combining at least one thermoplastic or polymer matrix, at least one hydrophilic component, and at least one surfactant. Optionally, include a thermal initiator or a photo-initiator in the formulation. Apply the composition to a substrate to create a durable antifog coating.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers involves selecting components for the matrix and functional groups as follows: the matrix is an acrylate matrix, and can include poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polyimide (PI). Functional groups should be selected from a list that includes H, substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl groups (1 to 20 carbon atoms), substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups (1 to 20 carbon atoms), substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic groups (6 to 20 carbon atoms), and substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic groups (5 to 20 carbon atoms). The polymer may also incorporate methacrylate and acrylate groups, with the possibility of including bisphenol A units.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves selecting hydrophilic mono- or multifunctional acrylates such as poly(ethyleneoxy)methacrylate, poly(ethyleneoxy)acrylate, or glycerol dimethacrylate. The selected acrylate is then added to a thermoplastic matrix, which may include poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), along with a surfactant such as poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate or Tween 20. The mixture also includes a photo-initiator, which can be either a thermal initiator like benzoyl peroxide or a specific photo-initiator such as Irgacure 184. The components are mixed in specific weight percentages, where the acrylate comprises about 10-70 wt % of the formulation, alongside 10-40 wt % of glycerol dimethacrylate, about 10-40 wt % of a surfactant, and about 2-5 wt % of the photo-initiator.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, the protocol includes creating an antifog composition that involves a polymer matrix and a hydrophilic component, wherein the hydrophilic component includes at least one hydrophilic acrylate. The polymer matrix should be composed of suitable thermoplastic elastomers such as PMMA or PC, and contain at least 45 wt% of the total antifog composition, preferably ranging from 45 wt% to 70 wt%. The hydrophilic acrylate may be selected based on specific formulas, where substituents such as R1, R2, R3, A, A', and B can vary to incorporate desired functional groups. Cross-linking occurs during the curing process of the polymer matrix with a thermal or photo-initiator, enhancing adhesion and antifog properties.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, start with glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol diacrylate, bisphenol-A-glycerol tetraacrylate, bisphenol-A-glycerol diacrylate, or bisphenol-A-ethyleneoxy diacrylate, either individually or in combinations. Incorporate at least one hydrophilic epoxy compound from the specified formula.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, begin by selecting an appropriate hydrophilic epoxy compound, such as a bisphenol-A substituted epoxy. Incorporate surfactants such as non-ionic surfactants, including sorbitan esters, in varying amounts from 10 to 40 wt%. Ensure the hydrophilic component is included at a concentration between 15 wt% to 30 wt%, adjusting as necessary based on the specific embodiment (20 wt% to 30 wt%, or 25 wt% to 30 wt%, for example). Additionally, a photo-initiator (e.g., Irgacure 184 or Darocur 1173) may be included to facilitate free radical polymerization upon exposure to suitable light wavelengths. Alternatively, a thermal initiator such as AIBN or benzoyl peroxide can be used for heat-triggered polymerization. The combinations and specific ratios of these components can vary based on the desired properties of the resulting hydrophilic polymer.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers involves the following components: a thermoplastic matrix (e.g., poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)), hydrophilic mono or multifunctional acrylates (e.g., glycerol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate), and a surfactant (e.g., Finafog PET, poly(ethyleneglycol) monolaurate). The mixture is prepared in amounts ranging from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % thermoplastic matrix, 10 wt % to about 40 wt % hydrophilic acrylates, and 10 wt % to about 40 wt % surfactant. Additionally, a thermal or photo-initiator (e.g., benzoyl peroxide or AIBN) can be added in the range of 1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight. The resulting composition can then be applied to suitable polymeric substrates.The antifog composition may be thermal or UV cured after applying the formulation onto a suitable polymeric substrate (e.g., polycarbonate substrates) thereby covalently cross-linking the hydrophilic diacrylates into the polymer matrix. The hydrophilic component and the photo-initiator undergo covalent crosslinking and are then incorporated into the thermoplastic matrix (e.g., PMMA).The PC substrates were cleaned with isopropanol and dried at room temperature for 20 minutes. The filtered solutions of antifog resin formulation were flow coated onto the PC substrate using a squeeze bottle. The coated substrates were air-dried at room temperature for 5 minutes and subsequently at 75 degree Celsius for 5 minutes in an air-oven. The substrates were then cured in a UV curing machine with UVA intensity of 30-150 mW/cm^2.Formulations were made with PMMA (52 wt %), Finafog PET (22 wt %), and one of the three hydrophilic acrylates namely, Glycerol dimethacrylate (or) Bisphenol-A-ethoxylate diacrylate (or) Bisphenol-A-glycerolate diacrylate (22 wt %) and 4 wt % photoinitiator. Polycarbonate substrates (PC substrates) were cleaned with deionized water and isopropanol and dried at room temperature for 20 min prior to coating. Each flow was coated on a PC substrate and then the optical properties were measured. The coated panels were subjected to Fog Test Studies at 60°C.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves the selection of various functional groups: R2 can be H or CH3; R3 can be H, an alkyl group (1-6 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (1-3 carbon atoms), methacrylate, or acrylate; A can be O, a linear alkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), divalent aromatic group (6-20 carbon atoms), alkylene oxide, or divalent heterocyclic group (5-20 carbon atoms); A' can also be selected similarly as A; B can be O, a linear alkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a divalent aromatic group (6-20 carbon atoms), a divalent heterocyclic group (5-20 carbon atoms), or a bisphenol A unit; where n is from 1-5, m is from 0-5, and R4, R5, R6 can vary within specified groups; Q can be a linear alkylene, cycloalkylene, divalent aromatic, or divalent heterocyclic group; and at least one non-ionic surfactant should be included. In addition, the hydrophilic acrylate might include components such as poly(ethyleneoxy)methacrylate, poly(ethyleneoxy)acrylate, and others. Components should be added based on a weight percentage specification concerning the total weight of the composition."
}
	`{`
	"protocol": "Prepare an antifog coating composition by combining at least one thermoplastic or polymer matrix, at least one hydrophilic component, and at least one surfactant. Optionally, include a thermal initiator or a photo-initiator in the formulation. Apply the composition to a substrate to create a durable antifog coating.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers involves selecting components for the matrix and functional groups as follows: the matrix is an acrylate matrix, and can include poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polyimide (PI). Functional groups should be selected from a list that includes H, substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl groups (1 to 20 carbon atoms), substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups (1 to 20 carbon atoms), substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic groups (6 to 20 carbon atoms), and substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic groups (5 to 20 carbon atoms). The polymer may also incorporate methacrylate and acrylate groups, with the possibility of including bisphenol A units.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves selecting hydrophilic mono- or multifunctional acrylates such as poly(ethyleneoxy)methacrylate, poly(ethyleneoxy)acrylate, or glycerol dimethacrylate. The selected acrylate is then added to a thermoplastic matrix, which may include poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), along with a surfactant such as poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate or Tween 20. The mixture also includes a photo-initiator, which can be either a thermal initiator like benzoyl peroxide or a specific photo-initiator such as Irgacure 184. The components are mixed in specific weight percentages, where the acrylate comprises about 10-70 wt % of the formulation, alongside 10-40 wt % of glycerol dimethacrylate, about 10-40 wt % of a surfactant, and about 2-5 wt % of the photo-initiator.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, the protocol includes creating an antifog composition that involves a polymer matrix and a hydrophilic component, wherein the hydrophilic component includes at least one hydrophilic acrylate. The polymer matrix should be composed of suitable thermoplastic elastomers such as PMMA or PC, and contain at least 45 wt% of the total antifog composition, preferably ranging from 45 wt% to 70 wt%. The hydrophilic acrylate may be selected based on specific formulas, where substituents such as R1, R2, R3, A, A', and B can vary to incorporate desired functional groups. Cross-linking occurs during the curing process of the polymer matrix with a thermal or photo-initiator, enhancing adhesion and antifog properties.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, start with glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol diacrylate, bisphenol-A-glycerol tetraacrylate, bisphenol-A-glycerol diacrylate, or bisphenol-A-ethyleneoxy diacrylate, either individually or in combinations. Incorporate at least one hydrophilic epoxy compound from the specified formula.To synthesize hydrophilic polymers with functional groups, begin by selecting an appropriate hydrophilic epoxy compound, such as a bisphenol-A substituted epoxy. Incorporate surfactants such as non-ionic surfactants, including sorbitan esters, in varying amounts from 10 to 40 wt%. Ensure the hydrophilic component is included at a concentration between 15 wt% to 30 wt%, adjusting as necessary based on the specific embodiment (20 wt% to 30 wt%, or 25 wt% to 30 wt%, for example). Additionally, a photo-initiator (e.g., Irgacure 184 or Darocur 1173) may be included to facilitate free radical polymerization upon exposure to suitable light wavelengths. Alternatively, a thermal initiator such as AIBN or benzoyl peroxide can be used for heat-triggered polymerization. The combinations and specific ratios of these components can vary based on the desired properties of the resulting hydrophilic polymer.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers involves the following components: a thermoplastic matrix (e.g., poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)), hydrophilic mono or multifunctional acrylates (e.g., glycerol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate), and a surfactant (e.g., Finafog PET, poly(ethyleneglycol) monolaurate). The mixture is prepared in amounts ranging from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % thermoplastic matrix, 10 wt % to about 40 wt % hydrophilic acrylates, and 10 wt % to about 40 wt % surfactant. Additionally, a thermal or photo-initiator (e.g., benzoyl peroxide or AIBN) can be added in the range of 1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight. The resulting composition can then be applied to suitable polymeric substrates.The antifog composition may be thermal or UV cured after applying the formulation onto a suitable polymeric substrate (e.g., polycarbonate substrates) thereby covalently cross-linking the hydrophilic diacrylates into the polymer matrix. The hydrophilic component and the photo-initiator undergo covalent crosslinking and are then incorporated into the thermoplastic matrix (e.g., PMMA).The PC substrates were cleaned with isopropanol and dried at room temperature for 20 minutes. The filtered solutions of antifog resin formulation were flow coated onto the PC substrate using a squeeze bottle. The coated substrates were air-dried at room temperature for 5 minutes and subsequently at 75 degree Celsius for 5 minutes in an air-oven. The substrates were then cured in a UV curing machine with UVA intensity of 30-150 mW/cm^2.Formulations were made with PMMA (52 wt %), Finafog PET (22 wt %), and one of the three hydrophilic acrylates namely, Glycerol dimethacrylate (or) Bisphenol-A-ethoxylate diacrylate (or) Bisphenol-A-glycerolate diacrylate (22 wt %) and 4 wt % photoinitiator. Polycarbonate substrates (PC substrates) were cleaned with deionized water and isopropanol and dried at room temperature for 20 min prior to coating. Each flow was coated on a PC substrate and then the optical properties were measured. The coated panels were subjected to Fog Test Studies at 60°C.The synthesis of hydrophilic polymers with functional groups involves the selection of various functional groups: R2 can be H or CH3; R3 can be H, an alkyl group (1-6 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (1-3 carbon atoms), methacrylate, or acrylate; A can be O, a linear alkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), divalent aromatic group (6-20 carbon atoms), alkylene oxide, or divalent heterocyclic group (5-20 carbon atoms); A' can also be selected similarly as A; B can be O, a linear alkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (1-20 carbon atoms), a divalent aromatic group (6-20 carbon atoms), a divalent heterocyclic group (5-20 carbon atoms), or a bisphenol A unit; where n is from 1-5, m is from 0-5, and R4, R5, R6 can vary within specified groups; Q can be a linear alkylene, cycloalkylene, divalent aromatic, or divalent heterocyclic group; and at least one non-ionic surfactant should be included. In addition, the hydrophilic acrylate might include components such as poly(ethyleneoxy)methacrylate, poly(ethyleneoxy)acrylate, and others. Components should be added based on a weight percentage specification concerning the total weight of the composition."
	`}`