# Source: https://internrobotics.github.io/InternDataEngine-Docs/custom/robot.html

# New Robot [​](#new-robot)

This guide explains how to add a new robot platform to InternDataEngine.

## Part 1: Obtain Robot USD [​](#part-1-obtain-robot-usd)

We recommend converting **URDF to USD **for robot assets. Isaac Sim provides a URDF Importer that converts URDF files to USD format.

### Requirements for the USD File [​](#requirements-for-the-usd-file)

-

**Physics Properties **: Ensure the USD has proper physics attributes - joint angles should move correctly when set, and dynamics parameters (damping, stiffness) should be configured appropriately.

-

**Collision Mesh **: Use **convex hull **collision meshes rather than convex decomposition. Convex decomposition creates many collision shapes, which significantly slows down motion planning and interaction physics.

-

**Joint Locking (Dual-arm Robots) **: For dual-arm robots, we recommend locking all joints except the two arm joints and gripper joints to simplify experiments and planning.

Hint

Isaac Sim's default URDF Importer typically produces stable USD files. However, URDF files themselves may have issues, and some damping/stiffness parameters might need adjustment after conversion.

Warning

Some grippers have underactuated joints (passive/follower joints) with a forward extension offset. These may exhibit undesirable physical interactions with objects. Test thoroughly before proceeding.

Good luck obtaining a physically stable robot USD!

## Part 2: Create Robot YAML Configuration [​](#part-2-create-robot-yaml-configuration)

Create a robot configuration file in `workflows/simbox/core/configs/robots/ `. Here's a template `new_robot.yaml `:
yaml
```
# =============================================================================
# New Robot Configuration Template
# =============================================================================
# Description: [e.g., Dual-arm 6-DOF robot with lift joint]

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Robot Info
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
target_class: NewRobot                    # Python class name for robot wrapper
path: "YOUR_PATH_TO_ROBOT_USD_PATH (relative to asset root)"                                  # USD file path relative to asset root

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CuRobo Kinematics Config (one per arm for dual-arm robots)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
robot_file:
  - ""                                    # Left arm CuRobo config path
  - ""                                    # Right arm CuRobo config path (dual-arm only)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Gripper Parameters
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gripper_max_width: 0.0                    # Maximum gripper opening (meters)
gripper_min_width: 0.0                    # Minimum gripper closing (meters)
tcp_offset: 0.0                           # Distance from EE origin to TCP (meters, MUST be positive)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Physics Solver Parameters
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
solver_position_iteration_count: 128      # Position solver iterations
solver_velocity_iteration_count: 4         # Velocity solver iterations
stabilization_threshold: 0.005            # Stabilization threshold

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Joint Indices (find in Isaac Sim's articulation inspector)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
left_joint_indices: []                    # Left arm joint indices, e.g., [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
right_joint_indices: []                   # Right arm joint indices (dual-arm only)
left_gripper_indices: []                  # Left gripper joint index, e.g., [6]
right_gripper_indices: []                 # Right gripper joint index (dual-arm only)
lift_indices: []                          # Lift joint indices (if applicable)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# End-Effector Paths (relative to robot prim path)
# IMPORTANT: Transformation from EE to TCP must be FIXED!
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
fl_ee_path: ""                            # Front-left end-effector prim path
fr_ee_path: ""                            # Front-right end-effector prim path (dual-arm only)
fl_base_path: ""                          # Front-left base prim path
fr_base_path: ""                          # Front-right base prim path (dual-arm only)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Gripper Keypoints (in EE frame, for visualization)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
fl_gripper_keypoints:
  tool_head: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]           # Gripper fingertip (approach direction)
  tool_tail: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]           # Gripper base
  tool_side: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]           # Side point for width visualization
fr_gripper_keypoints:
  tool_head: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]
  tool_tail: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]
  tool_side: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1]

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Collision Filter Paths (relative to robot prim path)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
fl_filter_paths:                          # Gripper fingers to filter from collision
  - ""
fr_filter_paths:
  - ""
fl_forbid_collision_paths:                # Arm links forbidden for self-collision
  - ""
fr_forbid_collision_paths:
  - ""

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Pose Processing Parameters
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Rotation matrix from GraspNet gripper frame to robot EE frame
# See: doc/InterDataEngine-docs/concepts/robots.md#r-ee-graspnet
R_ee_graspnet: [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]]
ee_axis: ""                               # Approach axis from EE to TCP: "x", "y", or "z"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Default Joint Home Positions (radians)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
left_joint_home: []                       # Default left arm joint positions
right_joint_home: []                      # Default right arm joint positions (dual-arm only)
left_joint_home_std: []                   # Randomization std for left arm
right_joint_home_std: []                  # Randomization std for right arm (dual-arm only)
left_gripper_home: []                     # Default left gripper width (meters)
right_gripper_home: []                    # Default right gripper width (meters, dual-arm only)
lift_home: []                             # Default lift position (if applicable)
```
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Refer to [Robots](/InternDataEngine-Docs/concepts/robots.html)for detailed explanations of each parameter. Here we highlight several critical parameters that require special attention:

### Critical Parameters [​](#critical-parameters)

fl_ee_path / fr_ee_path

Specify the relative path (under the robot's local prim path) to the end-effector link.

Why It Matters:

- CuRobo plans target poses for this link
- Grasp poses are transformed based on this link's EE pose
- The `ee_axis `(approach direction from EE origin to TCP) depends on this link

Selection Rule:

Common choices:

- The last link of the gripper (e.g., Robotiq, Genie-1)
- A link on the gripper (e.g., Lift-2, Panda)

Warning

The transformation from EE to TCP must be **FIXED **(fixed rotation + fixed translation = tcp_offset).

Figure Examples:

![Genie-1 EE Path](/InternDataEngine-Docs/ee_genie1.jpg)

*Genie-1: EE link is the last gripper link (fixed EE-to-TCP transform) *

![Lift-2 EE Path](/InternDataEngine-Docs/ee_lift2.jpg)

*Lift-2: EE link is a gripper link (fixed EE-to-TCP transform) *

![Robotiq EE Path](/InternDataEngine-Docs/ee_robotiq.jpg)

*Robotiq: EE link is the last gripper link (fixed EE-to-TCP transform) *

![Panda EE Path](/InternDataEngine-Docs/ee_panda.jpg)

*Panda: EE link is a gripper link (fixed EE-to-TCP transform) *

tcp_offset

Once `fl_ee_path `is determined, calculate the distance from EE origin to TCP. This should be a **positive value **.

Config Example:
yaml
```
# Example: ARX Lift-2
tcp_offset: 0.125  # Distance in meters from EE frame origin to TCP
```
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ee_axis

The axis direction from EE origin pointing toward TCP, expressed in the EE frame. Valid values are `"x" `, `"y" `, or `"z" `.

Config Example:
yaml
```
# Example: ARX Lift-2
ee_axis: "x"  # Approach direction in EE frame
```
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R_ee_graspnet

The rotation matrix that transforms from the GraspNet API's canonical gripper frame to the robot's end-effector frame.

Warning

This parameter is important but can be tricky! For calculation details, refer to [Robots - R_ee_graspnet](/concepts/robots.html#r-ee-graspnet).

Config Example:
yaml
```
# Example: ARX Lift-2
R_ee_graspnet: [[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, -1.0]]
```
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## Part 3: Create Robot Python Class [​](#part-3-create-robot-python-class)

Create a Python file in `workflows/simbox/core/robots/ `. Here's a template based on `lift2.py `:
python
```
"""New robot implementation."""
import numpy as np
from core.robots.base_robot import register_robot
from core.robots.template_robot import TemplateRobot

@register_robot
class NewRobot(TemplateRobot):
    """New robot implementation."""

    def _setup_joint_indices(self):
        """Configure joint indices from config."""
        self.left_joint_indices = self.cfg["left_joint_indices"]
        self.right_joint_indices = self.cfg["right_joint_indices"]
        self.left_gripper_indices = self.cfg["left_gripper_indices"]
        self.right_gripper_indices = self.cfg["right_gripper_indices"]
        # Optional: lift, body, head indices for special robots
        self.lift_indices = self.cfg.get("lift_indices", [])

    def _setup_paths(self):
        """Configure USD prim paths from config."""
        fl_ee_path = self.cfg["fl_ee_path"]
        fr_ee_path = self.cfg["fr_ee_path"]
        self.fl_ee_path = f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{fl_ee_path}"
        self.fr_ee_path = f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{fr_ee_path}"
        self.fl_base_path = f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{self.cfg['fl_base_path']}"
        self.fr_base_path = f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{self.cfg['fr_base_path']}"
        self.fl_hand_path = self.fl_ee_path
        self.fr_hand_path = self.fr_ee_path

    def _setup_gripper_keypoints(self):
        """Configure gripper keypoints from config."""
        self.fl_gripper_keypoints = self.cfg["fl_gripper_keypoints"]
        self.fr_gripper_keypoints = self.cfg["fr_gripper_keypoints"]

    def _setup_collision_paths(self):
        """Configure collision filter paths from config."""
        self.fl_filter_paths_expr = [
            f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{p}" for p in self.cfg["fl_filter_paths"]
        ]
        self.fr_filter_paths_expr = [
            f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{p}" for p in self.cfg["fr_filter_paths"]
        ]
        self.fl_forbid_collision_paths = [
            f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{p}" for p in self.cfg["fl_forbid_collision_paths"]
        ]
        self.fr_forbid_collision_paths = [
            f"{self.robot_prim_path}/{p}" for p in self.cfg["fr_forbid_collision_paths"]
        ]

    def _get_gripper_state(self, gripper_home):
        """
        Determine gripper open/close state.

        Returns:
            1.0 if gripper is open, -1.0 if closed.
        """
        # Adjust threshold based on your gripper's joint values
        #  return 1.0 if gripper_home and gripper_home[0] >= value else -1.0
        pass

    def _setup_joint_velocities(self):
        """Configure joint velocity limits (optional)."""
        # Override if needed for custom velocity limits
        pass

    def apply_action(self, joint_positions, joint_indices, *args, **kwargs):
        """Override for custom action application (optional)."""
        super().apply_action(joint_positions, joint_indices, *args, **kwargs)
```
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### Key Methods [​](#key-methods)

_get_gripper_state(self, gripper_home)

Determine whether the gripper is open or closed based on the current joint positions.

Parameters:

- **gripper_home **( list ): Current gripper joint positions.

Returns:

- **float **: `1.0 `if gripper is open, `-1.0 `if closed.

Hint

Adjust the threshold value based on your gripper's specific joint values. Different grippers have different open/close positions.

Code Example:
python
```
# Example 1: ARX Lift-2 (single-joint parallel gripper)
# Gripper is open when joint value >= 0.044 (44mm)
def _get_gripper_state(self, gripper_home):
    return 1.0 if gripper_home and gripper_home[0] >= 0.044 else -1.0

# Example 2: Franka with Robotiq 2F-85 (two-joint gripper)
# Gripper is open when both joints are 0.0
def _get_gripper_state(self, gripper_home):
    if not gripper_home or len(gripper_home) < 2:
        return 1.0
    return 1.0 if (gripper_home[0] == 0.0 and gripper_home[1] == 0.0) else -1.0
```
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### Register the Robot [​](#register-the-robot)

Add your robot to `workflows/simbox/core/robots/__init__.py `:
python
```
from core.robots.new_robot import NewRobot

__all__ = [
    # ... existing robots
    "NewRobot",
]
```
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## Part 4: Create Task Robot Configuration [​](#part-4-create-task-robot-configuration)

Add the robot configuration to your task YAML file:
yaml
```
robots:
  - name: "new_robot"
    robot_config_file: workflows/simbox/core/configs/robots/new_robot.yaml
    euler: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]  # Initial orientation [roll, pitch, yaw] in degrees
    ignore_substring: ["material", "table"]  # Collision filter substrings
```
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See [YAML Configuration](/InternDataEngine-Docs/config/yaml.html)for more details on task configuration.

## Checklist [​](#checklist)

- [ ] Obtain or create robot USD file (URDF → USD via Isaac Sim)
- [ ] Verify physics properties (joint movement, damping, stiffness)
- [ ] Set up collision meshes (use convex hull, not convex decomposition)
- [ ] Lock unnecessary joints for dual-arm robots
- [ ] Create robot YAML config file in `workflows/simbox/core/configs/robots/ `
- [ ] Configure `fl_ee_path `/ `fr_ee_path `(EE link with fixed EE-to-TCP transform)
- [ ] Calculate and set `tcp_offset `(distance from EE origin to TCP)
- [ ] Determine `ee_axis `(approach direction: "x", "y", or "z")
- [ ] Calculate `R_ee_graspnet `(rotation from GraspNet frame to EE frame)
- [ ] Configure joint indices ( `left_joint_indices `, `right_joint_indices `, etc.)
- [ ] Set up gripper keypoints for visualization
- [ ] Configure collision filter paths
- [ ] Create robot Python class in `workflows/simbox/core/robots/ `
- [ ] Implement `_setup_joint_indices() `
- [ ] Implement `_setup_paths() `
- [ ] Implement `_setup_gripper_keypoints() `
- [ ] Implement `_setup_collision_paths() `
- [ ] Implement `_get_gripper_state() `(1.0 = open, -1.0 = closed)
- [ ] Register robot in `__init__.py `
- [ ] Add robot to task YAML configuration
- [ ] Test robot in simulation