lerobot/docs/source/smolvla.mdx

# Finetune SmolVLA

SmolVLA is Hugging Face’s lightweight foundation model for robotics. Designed for easy fine-tuning on LeRobot datasets, it helps accelerate your development!

<p align="center">
  <img
    src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/640e21ef3c82bd463ee5a76d/aooU0a3DMtYmy_1IWMaIM.png"
    alt="SmolVLA architecture."
    width="500"
  />
  <br />
  <em>
    Figure 1. SmolVLA takes as input (i) multiple cameras views, (ii) the
    robot’s current sensorimotor state, and (iii) a natural language
    instruction, encoded into contextual features used to condition the action
    expert when generating an action chunk.
  </em>
</p>

## Set Up Your Environment

1. Install LeRobot by following our [Installation Guide](./installation).
2. Install SmolVLA dependencies by running:

   ```bash
   pip install -e ".[smolvla]"
   ```

## Collect a dataset

SmolVLA is a base model, so fine-tuning on your own data is required for optimal performance in your setup.
We recommend recording ~50 episodes of your task as a starting point. Follow our guide to get started: [Recording a Dataset](https://huggingface.co/docs/lerobot/getting_started_real_world_robot#record-a-dataset)

<Tip>

In your dataset, make sure to have enough demonstrations per each variation (e.g. the cube position on the table if it is cube pick-place task) you are introducing.

We recommend checking out the dataset linked below for reference that was used in the [SmolVLA paper](https://huggingface.co/papers/2506.01844):

🔗 [SVLA SO100 PickPlace](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lerobot/visualize_dataset?path=%2Flerobot%2Fsvla_so100_pickplace%2Fepisode_0)

In this dataset, we recorded 50 episodes across 5 distinct cube positions. For each position, we collected 10 episodes of pick-and-place interactions. This structure, repeating each variation several times, helped the model generalize better. We tried similar dataset with 25 episodes, and it was not enough leading to a bad performance. So, the data quality and quantity is definitely a key.
After you have your dataset available on the Hub, you are good to go to use our finetuning script to adapt SmolVLA to your application.

</Tip>

## Finetune SmolVLA on your data

Use [`smolvla_base`](https://hf.co/lerobot/smolvla_base), our pretrained 450M model, and fine-tune it on your data.
Training the model for 20k steps will roughly take ~4 hrs on a single A100 GPU. You should tune the number of steps based on performance and your use-case.

If you don't have a gpu device, you can train using our notebook on [![Google Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/lerobot/training-smolvla.ipynb)

Pass your dataset to the training script using `--dataset.repo_id`. If you want to test your installation, run the following command where we use one of the datasets we collected for the [SmolVLA Paper](https://huggingface.co/papers/2506.01844).

```bash
cd lerobot && python -m lerobot.scripts.train \
  --policy.path=lerobot/smolvla_base \
  --dataset.repo_id=${HF_USER}/mydataset \
  --batch_size=64 \
  --steps=20000 \
  --output_dir=outputs/train/my_smolvla \
  --job_name=my_smolvla_training \
  --policy.device=cuda \
  --wandb.enable=true
```

<Tip>
  You can start with a small batch size and increase it incrementally, if the
  GPU allows it, as long as loading times remain short.
</Tip>

Fine-tuning is an art. For a complete overview of the options for finetuning, run

```bash
python -m lerobot.scripts.train --help
```

<p align="center">
  <img
    src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/640e21ef3c82bd463ee5a76d/S-3vvVCulChREwHDkquoc.gif"
    alt="Comparison of SmolVLA across task variations."
    width="500"
  />
  <br />
  <em>
    Figure 2: Comparison of SmolVLA across task variations. From left to right:
    (1) pick-place cube counting, (2) pick-place cube counting, (3) pick-place
    cube counting under perturbations, and (4) generalization on pick-and-place
    of the lego block with real-world SO101.
  </em>
</p>

## Evaluate the finetuned model and run it in real-time

Similarly for when recording an episode, it is recommended that you are logged in to the HuggingFace Hub. You can follow the corresponding steps: [Record a dataset](./getting_started_real_world_robot#record-a-dataset).
Once you are logged in, you can run inference in your setup by doing:

```bash
python -m lerobot.record \
  --robot.type=so101_follower \
  --robot.port=/dev/ttyACM0 \ # <- Use your port
  --robot.id=my_blue_follower_arm \ # <- Use your robot id
  --robot.cameras="{ front: {type: opencv, index_or_path: 8, width: 640, height: 480, fps: 30}}" \ # <- Use your cameras
  --dataset.single_task="Grasp a lego block and put it in the bin." \ # <- Use the same task description you used in your dataset recording
  --dataset.repo_id=${HF_USER}/eval_DATASET_NAME_test \  # <- This will be the dataset name on HF Hub
  --dataset.episode_time_s=50 \
  --dataset.num_episodes=10 \
  # <- Teleop optional if you want to teleoperate in between episodes \
  # --teleop.type=so100_leader \
  # --teleop.port=/dev/ttyACM0 \
  # --teleop.id=my_red_leader_arm \
  --policy.path=HF_USER/FINETUNE_MODEL_NAME # <- Use your fine-tuned model
```

Depending on your evaluation setup, you can configure the duration and the number of episodes to record for your evaluation suite.