Files
lerobot/lerobot/common/robot_devices/motors/feetech.py
Pepijn b31283ed6c Fix calibration and ofset for single turn works!
test by running using calibration and  then run visualize calibration and each non linear joint has value of 2047 in middle at homed position, thus the 0<->4096 point is shifted for each motor to be on the other side of the homing position.
2025-03-13 10:47:49 +01:00

732 lines
26 KiB
Python

# Copyright 2024 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import enum
import time
import traceback
from copy import deepcopy
import numpy as np
import tqdm
from lerobot.common.robot_devices.motors.configs import FeetechMotorsBusConfig
from lerobot.common.robot_devices.utils import RobotDeviceAlreadyConnectedError, RobotDeviceNotConnectedError
from lerobot.common.utils.utils import capture_timestamp_utc
PROTOCOL_VERSION = 0
BAUDRATE = 1_000_000
TIMEOUT_MS = 1000
MAX_ID_RANGE = 252
# For joints in percentage (i.e. joints that move linearly like the prismatic joint of a gripper),
# their nominal range is [0, 100] %. For instance, for Aloha gripper, 0% is fully
# closed, and 100% is fully open. To account for slight calibration issue, we allow up to
# [-10, 110] until an error is raised.
LOWER_BOUND_LINEAR = -10
UPPER_BOUND_LINEAR = 110
HALF_TURN_DEGREE = 180
# See this link for STS3215 Memory Table:
# https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GVs7W1VS1PqdhA1nW-abeyAHhTUxKUdR/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116566590112741600240&rtpof=true&sd=true
# data_name: (address, size_byte)
SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"Model": (3, 2),
"ID": (5, 1),
"Baud_Rate": (6, 1),
"Return_Delay": (7, 1),
"Response_Status_Level": (8, 1),
"Min_Angle_Limit": (9, 2),
"Max_Angle_Limit": (11, 2),
"Max_Temperature_Limit": (13, 1),
"Max_Voltage_Limit": (14, 1),
"Min_Voltage_Limit": (15, 1),
"Max_Torque_Limit": (16, 2),
"Phase": (18, 1),
"Unloading_Condition": (19, 1),
"LED_Alarm_Condition": (20, 1),
"P_Coefficient": (21, 1),
"D_Coefficient": (22, 1),
"I_Coefficient": (23, 1),
"Minimum_Startup_Force": (24, 2),
"CW_Dead_Zone": (26, 1),
"CCW_Dead_Zone": (27, 1),
"Protection_Current": (28, 2),
"Angular_Resolution": (30, 1),
"Offset": (31, 2),
"Mode": (33, 1),
"Protective_Torque": (34, 1),
"Protection_Time": (35, 1),
"Overload_Torque": (36, 1),
"Speed_closed_loop_P_proportional_coefficient": (37, 1),
"Over_Current_Protection_Time": (38, 1),
"Velocity_closed_loop_I_integral_coefficient": (39, 1),
"Torque_Enable": (40, 1),
"Acceleration": (41, 1),
"Goal_Position": (42, 2),
"Goal_Time": (44, 2),
"Goal_Speed": (46, 2),
"Torque_Limit": (48, 2),
"Lock": (55, 1),
"Present_Position": (56, 2),
"Present_Speed": (58, 2),
"Present_Load": (60, 2),
"Present_Voltage": (62, 1),
"Present_Temperature": (63, 1),
"Status": (65, 1),
"Moving": (66, 1),
"Present_Current": (69, 2),
# Not in the Memory Table
"Maximum_Acceleration": (85, 2),
}
SCS_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
0: 1_000_000,
1: 500_000,
2: 250_000,
3: 128_000,
4: 115_200,
5: 57_600,
6: 38_400,
7: 19_200,
}
CALIBRATION_REQUIRED = ["Goal_Position", "Present_Position"]
MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"scs_series": SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE,
"sts3215": SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE,
}
MODEL_RESOLUTION = {
"scs_series": 4096,
"sts3215": 4096,
}
MODEL_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
"scs_series": SCS_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE,
"sts3215": SCS_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE,
}
# High number of retries is needed for feetech compared to dynamixel motors.
NUM_READ_RETRY = 20
NUM_WRITE_RETRY = 20
def convert_ticks_to_degrees(ticks, model):
resolutions = MODEL_RESOLUTION[model]
# Convert the ticks to degrees
return ticks * (360.0 / resolutions)
def convert_degrees_to_ticks(degrees, model):
resolutions = MODEL_RESOLUTION[model]
# Convert degrees to motor ticks
return int(degrees * (resolutions / 360.0))
def adjusted_to_homing_ticks(raw_motor_ticks: int, model: str, motorbus, motor_id: int) -> int:
"""
Shifts raw [0..4095] ticks by an encoder offset, modulo a single turn [0..4095].
"""
resolutions = MODEL_RESOLUTION[model]
# Add offset and wrap within resolution
ticks = (raw_motor_ticks) % resolutions
# # Re-center into a symmetric range (e.g., [-2048, 2047] if resolutions==4096) Thus the middle homing position will be virtual 0.
if ticks > resolutions // 2:
ticks -= resolutions
# Update direction of rotation of the motor to match between leader and follower.
# In fact, the motor of the leader for a given joint can be assembled in an
# opposite direction in term of rotation than the motor of the follower on the same joint.
drive_mode = 0
if motorbus.calibration is not None:
drive_mode = motorbus.calibration["drive_mode"][motor_id - 1]
if drive_mode:
ticks *= -1
return ticks
def adjusted_to_motor_ticks(adjusted_pos: int, model: str, motorbus, motor_id: int) -> int:
"""
Inverse of adjusted_to_homing_ticks().
"""
# Update direction of rotation of the motor to match between leader and follower.
# In fact, the motor of the leader for a given joint can be assembled in an
# opposite direction in term of rotation than the motor of the follower on the same joint.
drive_mode = 0
if motorbus.calibration is not None:
drive_mode = motorbus.calibration["drive_mode"][motor_id - 1]
if drive_mode:
adjusted_pos *= -1
resolutions = MODEL_RESOLUTION[model]
# Remove offset and wrap within resolution
ticks = (adjusted_pos) % resolutions
return ticks
def convert_to_bytes(value, bytes, mock=False):
if mock:
return value
import scservo_sdk as scs
# Note: No need to convert back into unsigned int, since this byte preprocessing
# already handles it for us.
if bytes == 1:
data = [
scs.SCS_LOBYTE(scs.SCS_LOWORD(value)),
]
elif bytes == 2:
data = [
scs.SCS_LOBYTE(scs.SCS_LOWORD(value)),
scs.SCS_HIBYTE(scs.SCS_LOWORD(value)),
]
elif bytes == 4:
data = [
scs.SCS_LOBYTE(scs.SCS_LOWORD(value)),
scs.SCS_HIBYTE(scs.SCS_LOWORD(value)),
scs.SCS_LOBYTE(scs.SCS_HIWORD(value)),
scs.SCS_HIBYTE(scs.SCS_HIWORD(value)),
]
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"Value of the number of bytes to be sent is expected to be in [1, 2, 4], but "
f"{bytes} is provided instead."
)
return data
def get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names):
group_key = f"{data_name}_" + "_".join(motor_names)
return group_key
def get_result_name(fn_name, data_name, motor_names):
group_key = get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names)
rslt_name = f"{fn_name}_{group_key}"
return rslt_name
def get_queue_name(fn_name, data_name, motor_names):
group_key = get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names)
queue_name = f"{fn_name}_{group_key}"
return queue_name
def get_log_name(var_name, fn_name, data_name, motor_names):
group_key = get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names)
log_name = f"{var_name}_{fn_name}_{group_key}"
return log_name
def assert_same_address(model_ctrl_table, motor_models, data_name):
all_addr = []
all_bytes = []
for model in motor_models:
addr, bytes = model_ctrl_table[model][data_name]
all_addr.append(addr)
all_bytes.append(bytes)
if len(set(all_addr)) != 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"At least two motor models use a different address for `data_name`='{data_name}' ({list(zip(motor_models, all_addr, strict=False))}). Contact a LeRobot maintainer."
)
if len(set(all_bytes)) != 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"At least two motor models use a different bytes representation for `data_name`='{data_name}' ({list(zip(motor_models, all_bytes, strict=False))}). Contact a LeRobot maintainer."
)
class TorqueMode(enum.Enum):
ENABLED = 1
DISABLED = 0
class DriveMode(enum.Enum):
NON_INVERTED = 0
INVERTED = 1
class CalibrationMode(enum.Enum):
# Joints with rotational motions are expressed in degrees in nominal range of [-180, 180]
DEGREE = 0
# Joints with linear motions (like gripper of Aloha) are expressed in nominal range of [0, 100]
LINEAR = 1
class JointOutOfRangeError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message="Joint is out of range"):
self.message = message
super().__init__(self.message)
class FeetechMotorsBus:
"""
The FeetechMotorsBus class allows to efficiently read and write to the attached motors. It relies on
the python feetech sdk to communicate with the motors. For more info, see the [feetech SDK Documentation](https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/software/feetech/feetech_sdk/sample_code/python_read_write_protocol_2_0/#python-read-write-protocol-20).
A FeetechMotorsBus instance requires a port (e.g. `FeetechMotorsBus(port="/dev/tty.usbmodem575E0031751"`)).
To find the port, you can run our utility script:
```bash
python lerobot/scripts/find_motors_bus_port.py
>>> Finding all available ports for the MotorsBus.
>>> ['/dev/tty.usbmodem575E0032081', '/dev/tty.usbmodem575E0031751']
>>> Remove the usb cable from your FeetechMotorsBus and press Enter when done.
>>> The port of this FeetechMotorsBus is /dev/tty.usbmodem575E0031751.
>>> Reconnect the usb cable.
```
Example of usage for 1 motor connected to the bus:
```python
motor_name = "gripper"
motor_index = 6
motor_model = "sts3215"
config = FeetechMotorsBusConfig(
port="/dev/tty.usbmodem575E0031751",
motors={motor_name: (motor_index, motor_model)},
)
motors_bus = FeetechMotorsBus(config)
motors_bus.connect()
position = motors_bus.read("Present_Position")
# move from a few motor steps as an example
few_steps = 30
motors_bus.write("Goal_Position", position + few_steps)
# when done, consider disconnecting
motors_bus.disconnect()
```
"""
def __init__(
self,
config: FeetechMotorsBusConfig,
):
self.port = config.port
self.motors = config.motors
self.mock = config.mock
self.model_ctrl_table = deepcopy(MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE)
self.model_resolution = deepcopy(MODEL_RESOLUTION)
self.port_handler = None
self.packet_handler = None
self.calibration = None
self.is_connected = False
self.group_readers = {}
self.group_writers = {}
self.logs = {}
def connect(self):
if self.is_connected:
raise RobotDeviceAlreadyConnectedError(
f"FeetechMotorsBus({self.port}) is already connected. Do not call `motors_bus.connect()` twice."
)
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
self.port_handler = scs.PortHandler(self.port)
self.packet_handler = scs.PacketHandler(PROTOCOL_VERSION)
try:
if not self.port_handler.openPort():
raise OSError(f"Failed to open port '{self.port}'.")
except Exception:
traceback.print_exc()
print(
"\nTry running `python lerobot/scripts/find_motors_bus_port.py` to make sure you are using the correct port.\n"
)
raise
# Allow to read and write
self.is_connected = True
self.port_handler.setPacketTimeoutMillis(TIMEOUT_MS)
def reconnect(self):
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
self.port_handler = scs.PortHandler(self.port)
self.packet_handler = scs.PacketHandler(PROTOCOL_VERSION)
if not self.port_handler.openPort():
raise OSError(f"Failed to open port '{self.port}'.")
self.is_connected = True
def are_motors_configured(self):
# Only check the motor indices and not baudrate, since if the motor baudrates are incorrect,
# a ConnectionError will be raised anyway.
try:
return (self.motor_indices == self.read("ID")).all()
except ConnectionError as e:
print(e)
return False
def find_motor_indices(self, possible_ids=None, num_retry=2):
if possible_ids is None:
possible_ids = range(MAX_ID_RANGE)
indices = []
for idx in tqdm.tqdm(possible_ids):
try:
present_idx = self.read_with_motor_ids(self.motor_models, [idx], "ID", num_retry=num_retry)[0]
except ConnectionError:
continue
if idx != present_idx:
# sanity check
raise OSError(
"Motor index used to communicate through the bus is not the same as the one present in the motor memory. The motor memory might be damaged."
)
indices.append(idx)
return indices
def set_bus_baudrate(self, baudrate):
present_bus_baudrate = self.port_handler.getBaudRate()
if present_bus_baudrate != baudrate:
print(f"Setting bus baud rate to {baudrate}. Previously {present_bus_baudrate}.")
self.port_handler.setBaudRate(baudrate)
if self.port_handler.getBaudRate() != baudrate:
raise OSError("Failed to write bus baud rate.")
@property
def motor_names(self) -> list[str]:
return list(self.motors.keys())
@property
def motor_models(self) -> list[str]:
return [model for _, model in self.motors.values()]
@property
def motor_indices(self) -> list[int]:
return [idx for idx, _ in self.motors.values()]
def set_calibration(self, calibration: dict[str, list]):
self.calibration = calibration
def apply_calibration(self, values: np.ndarray | list, motor_names: list[str] | None):
if motor_names is None:
motor_names = self.motor_names
# Convert from unsigned int32 original range [0, 2**32] to signed float32 range
values = values.astype(np.float32)
for i, name in enumerate(motor_names):
calib_idx = self.calibration["motor_names"].index(name)
calib_mode = self.calibration["calib_mode"][calib_idx]
if CalibrationMode[calib_mode] == CalibrationMode.DEGREE:
motor_idx, model = self.motors[name]
# Convert raw motor ticks to homed ticks, then convert the homed ticks to degrees
values[i] = adjusted_to_homing_ticks(values[i], model, self, motor_idx)
values[i] = convert_ticks_to_degrees(values[i], model)
elif CalibrationMode[calib_mode] == CalibrationMode.LINEAR:
start_pos = self.calibration["start_pos"][calib_idx]
end_pos = self.calibration["end_pos"][calib_idx]
# Rescale the present position to a nominal range [0, 100] %,
# useful for joints with linear motions like Aloha gripper
values[i] = (values[i] - start_pos) / (end_pos - start_pos) * 100
if (values[i] < LOWER_BOUND_LINEAR) or (values[i] > UPPER_BOUND_LINEAR):
raise JointOutOfRangeError(
f"Wrong motor position range detected for {name}. "
f"Expected to be in nominal range of [0, 100] % (a full linear translation), "
f"with a maximum range of [{LOWER_BOUND_LINEAR}, {UPPER_BOUND_LINEAR}] % to account for some imprecision during calibration, "
f"but present value is {values[i]} %. "
"This might be due to a cable connection issue creating an artificial jump in motor values. "
"You need to recalibrate by running: `python lerobot/scripts/control_robot.py calibrate`"
)
return values
def revert_calibration(self, values: np.ndarray | list, motor_names: list[str] | None):
"""Inverse of `apply_calibration`."""
if motor_names is None:
motor_names = self.motor_names
for i, name in enumerate(motor_names):
calib_idx = self.calibration["motor_names"].index(name)
calib_mode = self.calibration["calib_mode"][calib_idx]
if CalibrationMode[calib_mode] == CalibrationMode.DEGREE:
motor_idx, model = self.motors[name]
# Convert degrees to homed ticks, then convert the homed ticks to raw ticks
values[i] = convert_degrees_to_ticks(values[i], model)
values[i] = adjusted_to_motor_ticks(values[i], model, self, motor_idx)
elif CalibrationMode[calib_mode] == CalibrationMode.LINEAR:
start_pos = self.calibration["start_pos"][calib_idx]
end_pos = self.calibration["end_pos"][calib_idx]
# Convert from nominal lnear range of [0, 100] % to
# actual motor range of values which can be arbitrary.
values[i] = values[i] / 100 * (end_pos - start_pos) + start_pos
values = np.round(values).astype(np.int32)
return values
def read_with_motor_ids(self, motor_models, motor_ids, data_name, num_retry=NUM_READ_RETRY):
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
return_list = True
if not isinstance(motor_ids, list):
return_list = False
motor_ids = [motor_ids]
assert_same_address(self.model_ctrl_table, self.motor_models, data_name)
addr, bytes = self.model_ctrl_table[motor_models[0]][data_name]
group = scs.GroupSyncRead(self.port_handler, self.packet_handler, addr, bytes)
for idx in motor_ids:
group.addParam(idx)
for _ in range(num_retry):
comm = group.txRxPacket()
if comm == scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
break
if comm != scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
raise ConnectionError(
f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port_handler.port_name} for indices {motor_ids}: "
f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
)
values = []
for idx in motor_ids:
value = group.getData(idx, addr, bytes)
values.append(value)
if return_list:
return values
else:
return values[0]
def read(self, data_name, motor_names: str | list[str] | None = None):
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
if not self.is_connected:
raise RobotDeviceNotConnectedError(
f"FeetechMotorsBus({self.port}) is not connected. You need to run `motors_bus.connect()`."
)
start_time = time.perf_counter()
if motor_names is None:
motor_names = self.motor_names
if isinstance(motor_names, str):
motor_names = [motor_names]
motor_ids = []
models = []
for name in motor_names:
motor_idx, model = self.motors[name]
motor_ids.append(motor_idx)
models.append(model)
assert_same_address(self.model_ctrl_table, models, data_name)
addr, bytes = self.model_ctrl_table[model][data_name]
group_key = get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names)
if data_name not in self.group_readers:
# Very Important to flush the buffer!
self.port_handler.ser.reset_output_buffer()
self.port_handler.ser.reset_input_buffer()
# Create new group reader
self.group_readers[group_key] = scs.GroupSyncRead(
self.port_handler, self.packet_handler, addr, bytes
)
for idx in motor_ids:
self.group_readers[group_key].addParam(idx)
for _ in range(NUM_READ_RETRY):
comm = self.group_readers[group_key].txRxPacket()
if comm == scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
break
if comm != scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
raise ConnectionError(
f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
)
values = []
for idx in motor_ids:
value = self.group_readers[group_key].getData(idx, addr, bytes)
values.append(value)
values = np.array(values)
if data_name in CALIBRATION_REQUIRED and self.calibration is not None:
values = self.apply_calibration(values, motor_names)
# log the number of seconds it took to read the data from the motors
delta_ts_name = get_log_name("delta_timestamp_s", "read", data_name, motor_names)
self.logs[delta_ts_name] = time.perf_counter() - start_time
# log the utc time at which the data was received
ts_utc_name = get_log_name("timestamp_utc", "read", data_name, motor_names)
self.logs[ts_utc_name] = capture_timestamp_utc()
return values
def write_with_motor_ids(self, motor_models, motor_ids, data_name, values, num_retry=NUM_WRITE_RETRY):
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
if not isinstance(motor_ids, list):
motor_ids = [motor_ids]
if not isinstance(values, list):
values = [values]
assert_same_address(self.model_ctrl_table, motor_models, data_name)
addr, bytes = self.model_ctrl_table[motor_models[0]][data_name]
group = scs.GroupSyncWrite(self.port_handler, self.packet_handler, addr, bytes)
for idx, value in zip(motor_ids, values, strict=True):
data = convert_to_bytes(value, bytes, self.mock)
group.addParam(idx, data)
for _ in range(num_retry):
comm = group.txPacket()
if comm == scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
break
if comm != scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
raise ConnectionError(
f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port_handler.port_name} for indices {motor_ids}: "
f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
)
def write(self, data_name, values: int | float | np.ndarray, motor_names: str | list[str] | None = None):
if not self.is_connected:
raise RobotDeviceNotConnectedError(
f"FeetechMotorsBus({self.port}) is not connected. You need to run `motors_bus.connect()`."
)
start_time = time.perf_counter()
if self.mock:
import tests.mock_scservo_sdk as scs
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
if motor_names is None:
motor_names = self.motor_names
if isinstance(motor_names, str):
motor_names = [motor_names]
if isinstance(values, (int, float, np.integer)):
values = [int(values)] * len(motor_names)
values = np.array(values)
motor_ids = []
models = []
for name in motor_names:
motor_idx, model = self.motors[name]
motor_ids.append(motor_idx)
models.append(model)
if data_name in CALIBRATION_REQUIRED and self.calibration is not None:
values = self.revert_calibration(values, motor_names)
values = values.tolist()
assert_same_address(self.model_ctrl_table, models, data_name)
addr, bytes = self.model_ctrl_table[model][data_name]
group_key = get_group_sync_key(data_name, motor_names)
init_group = data_name not in self.group_readers
if init_group:
self.group_writers[group_key] = scs.GroupSyncWrite(
self.port_handler, self.packet_handler, addr, bytes
)
for idx, value in zip(motor_ids, values, strict=True):
data = convert_to_bytes(value, bytes, self.mock)
if init_group:
self.group_writers[group_key].addParam(idx, data)
else:
self.group_writers[group_key].changeParam(idx, data)
comm = self.group_writers[group_key].txPacket()
if comm != scs.COMM_SUCCESS:
raise ConnectionError(
f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
)
# log the number of seconds it took to write the data to the motors
delta_ts_name = get_log_name("delta_timestamp_s", "write", data_name, motor_names)
self.logs[delta_ts_name] = time.perf_counter() - start_time
# TODO(rcadene): should we log the time before sending the write command?
# log the utc time when the write has been completed
ts_utc_name = get_log_name("timestamp_utc", "write", data_name, motor_names)
self.logs[ts_utc_name] = capture_timestamp_utc()
def disconnect(self):
if not self.is_connected:
raise RobotDeviceNotConnectedError(
f"FeetechMotorsBus({self.port}) is not connected. Try running `motors_bus.connect()` first."
)
if self.port_handler is not None:
self.port_handler.closePort()
self.port_handler = None
self.packet_handler = None
self.group_readers = {}
self.group_writers = {}
self.is_connected = False
def __del__(self):
if getattr(self, "is_connected", False):
self.disconnect()